CN216622025U - Indoor direct shear test instrument for medium and coarse-grained soil - Google Patents
Indoor direct shear test instrument for medium and coarse-grained soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN216622025U CN216622025U CN202122611216.XU CN202122611216U CN216622025U CN 216622025 U CN216622025 U CN 216622025U CN 202122611216 U CN202122611216 U CN 202122611216U CN 216622025 U CN216622025 U CN 216622025U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an indoor direct shear test instrument for medium and coarse-grained soil, which comprises a fixed frame, a workbench, an upper shear box, a lower shear box, a shear control device and a normal load pressurizing device, wherein the fixed frame is a cast iron rectangular frame, the upper part of the fixed frame is connected with the workbench through a high-strength screw, the upper part of the workbench is provided with a track, and the upper part of the track is respectively provided with the lower shear box and the upper shear box; and the two ends of the lower shearing box are provided with shearing control devices, each shearing control device comprises a pushing seat, a load sensor, a displacement sensor and a top seat, and the pushing seats are arranged on the workbench. The shearing test instrument is used for solving the problems that the existing shearing test instrument has high requirement on the quantity of samples, is complex in sample preparation and wastes time and labor in test operation when testing medium-coarse-grained soil, and can conveniently and quickly complete the indoor direct shearing test of the medium-coarse-grained soil.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the field of water conservancy and civil engineering, and particularly relates to an indoor direct shear test instrument for medium-coarse-grained soil.
Background
The soil body is a product formed under the action of various geological forces in the nature, and the engineering construction activities of human beings cannot be separated from various soil bodies. Shear failure is the main form of soil body failure, such as slope instability, foundation slip uplift, foundation pit instability and the like; the shear strength of soil refers to the ultimate resistance of a soil body to shear damage, is closely related to the material composition, particle composition, state, structure and the like of the soil, and is determined mainly by means of indoor tests and in-situ tests.
Along with the development of urbanization and industrialization, the demand of urban and rural construction land is continuously increased, more and more towns are developed to mountains due to the demand of protecting cultivated land resources, and a plurality of potential geological risks and difficulties are brought along, such as the problem of stability of mountains and slopes, the problem of inclination and slippage caused by large fluctuation of ground stratums, the problem of complex field categories and the like. In mountain engineering, the rock and soil bodies of various strata are in a rubble shape or a rubble soil shape inevitably encountered in full-strong weathering layers of various strata or contact zones broken under the action of structural stress, and the rock and soil bodies can be defined as rubble soil or mixed soil in engineering. In engineering, the shear strength index of the layer of soil needs to be obtained for stability analysis and support design. How to obtain the shear strength index of the crushed stone soil or mixed soil is one of the difficulties in the geotechnical engineering.
The shear strength of the soil can be obtained by indoor tests and in-situ tests. According to the regulation in the existing geotechnical test method standard GB50123, the direct shear test is 'applicable to fine grained soil', and is completed by adopting a conventional direct shear apparatus; the direct shearing test of coarse-grained soil needs to be completed by adopting a strain control type large direct shearing instrument, the instrument has large volume and high required sample quantity, a group of shearing tests usually need hundreds of kilograms, the test period is long, the requirement of the investigation period is difficult to meet, and the implementation difficulty is high. The field large-area in-situ shear test has high cost, wastes time and labor, is limited in test operation conditions, and is difficult to meet the statistical requirement in test quantity, so the method is only used in a few conditional projects. In addition, the existing 'soil engineering test method standard' GB50123 only specifies direct shear tests of 'fine-grained soil' and 'coarse-grained soil', a large amount of 'medium-coarse-grained soil' between the 'fine-grained soil' and the 'coarse-grained soil' exists in nature, and if an existing direct shear test instrument for the coarse-grained soil is adopted, the requirement for the number of samples is high, the sample preparation is complex, and the test operation wastes time and labor. Therefore, an apparatus for shearing test in medium and coarse soil chamber, which can be conveniently and rapidly used, is the direction of research consistent with the technical personnel in the field.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide an indoor direct shear test instrument for medium-coarse-grained soil, which solves the problems of high sample quantity demand, complex sample preparation and time and labor waste in test operation when the existing shear test instrument is used for testing medium-coarse-grained soil, and can conveniently and quickly complete the indoor direct shear test for the medium-coarse-grained soil.
In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a direct shear test instrument in a medium and coarse-grained soil chamber comprises a fixed frame, a workbench, an upper shear box, a lower shear box, a shear control device and a normal load pressurizing device, wherein the fixed frame is a cast iron rectangular frame, the upper part of the fixed frame is connected with the workbench through a high-strength screw, a track is arranged at the upper part of the workbench, and the lower shear box and the upper shear box are respectively arranged at the upper part of the track; the two ends of the lower shearing box are provided with shearing control devices, each shearing control device comprises a pushing seat, a load sensor, a displacement sensor and a top head seat, the pushing seats are arranged on the workbench, and the pushing seats are in contact with one end of the lower shearing box through pushing groups; the other end of the upper shearing box is connected with the top head seat through a load sensor; and a normal load pressurizing device is arranged on the workbench and comprises a pressurizing group and an adjusting group.
Further, the lower shearing box is made of high-strength stainless steel, a square water tank is arranged at the bottom of the lower shearing box, the lower shearing box is of a cylindrical cavity structure with clamping grooves on two sides, the upper shearing box is of a cylindrical cavity structure with rollers on two sides, a sample is placed in the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box, and a permeable plate is placed on the upper portion of the sample and is in butt joint with the loading cross beam through a pressure transmission plate; the side part of the upper shearing box is connected with the top head seat through a load sensor, and the top head seat is fixedly arranged on the workbench.
Furthermore, the upper part of the upper shearing box is provided with a loading beam, a pressure transmission plate and an adjusting screw.
Furthermore, the pressurizing unit comprises a loading frame, a rolling diaphragm cylinder and an air compressor, wherein the rolling diaphragm cylinder is arranged at the bottom of the workbench and is connected with the air compressor through a connecting piece.
Furthermore, the adjusting group comprises a screw, a lower cross beam and an adjusting hand wheel, the lower cross beam is arranged on the fixing frame, the screw is arranged in the screw hole of the lower cross beam, the upper part of the screw is butted with the lower part of the loading frame, and the lower part of the screw is connected with the adjusting hand wheel.
Furthermore, the propelling group comprises a screw rod driving table, a travel switch seat and a servo motor, the screw rod driving table is arranged at one end of the propelling seat, and the servo motor and the travel switch seat are arranged at the upper part of the screw rod driving table.
Furthermore, the track is provided with a plurality of rollers, and the upper part of the track is connected with the lower shearing box through a clamping groove; the internal diameters of the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box are 150mm, and the height of the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box is 100 mm.
Further, the use method of the indoor direct shear test instrument for medium-coarse-grained soil comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting a shear box: arranging an upper shearing box and a lower shearing box on a track above a workbench, aligning the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box, and inserting a positioning screw rod;
s2, sample installation: placing a perforated plastic plate, a plastic film or filter paper in the lower shearing box 1, placing the cutting edge of the cutting ring with the original sample upward on the clamping groove, placing the plastic film or the filter paper and the perforated plastic plate on the top surface of the sample, slowly and stably pushing the sample into the shearing box, removing the cutting ring, and placing an uploading pressing plate; if the sample is a remolded sample, loose soil materials which are prepared according to the specified water content and the specified dry density are gradually filled into the shearing box in a layered mode, a small wooden mallet is used for lightly compacting the sample while filling, the final height of the soil sample is controlled to be 80mm, the surface of the soil sample is flattened, a plastic film or filter paper and a porous plastic plate are sequentially placed, and an uploading pressing plate is placed.
S3, applying a normal load: the position of the shearing box is adjusted forwards and backwards, so that the shearing box is in good contact with the load sensor and the shearing displacement sensor. Vertically placing an adjusting screw at the loading cross beam at a groove in the middle of the pressure transmission plate; and setting a normal pressurizing load, starting an air compressor, and applying the normal load to the sample through the rolling diaphragm air cylinder dowel bar and the loading frame.
S4, starting shearing: and pulling out the positioning screw, starting shearing until the test is finished, and acquiring test data in real time.
S5, removing the sample: and (3) after the test is finished, removing the normal load, sequentially removing the loading frame, the pressure transmission plate and the plastic plate with holes, lifting the shear box from the workbench, withdrawing the sample, and cleaning the shear box.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. the utility model provides an indoor direct shear test instrument for medium and coarse-grained soil, which adopts a phi 150 multiplied by H100mm size shear box and can be used for performing indoor direct shear test on a soil sample with medium and coarse grain size; the air compressor provides a power source, the maximum normal load can reach 2400kPa, and the requirements of a direct shear test under a high stress state can be met. The shearing force is measured by a sensor in a servo control mode, and a direct shear test with a strain rate range of 0.002-2.4 mm/min can be performed.
2. The design adopts a bottom pressure applying mode, an air compressor drives a rolling diaphragm cylinder, and normal load is applied to a sample through a loading frame and a pressure transmitting plate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-lower shearing box, 2-upper shearing box, 3-load sensor, 4-displacement sensor, 5-top seat, 6-servo motor, 7-pushing seat, 8-travel switch seat, 9-workbench, 10-track, 11-loading frame, 12-loading beam, 13-adjusting screw, 14-pressure transmitting plate, 15-rolling diaphragm cylinder, 16-adjusting hand wheel, 17-pressure controller, 18-fixing frame, 19-screw and 20-lower beam.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following description is taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It should be understood that the particulars described herein are of particular interest
The examples are provided only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "inner", "outer", "inner", "outer", "inner", "outer", "inner", "outer", "inner", "outer", "inner", "outer", "inner", "outer", "inner", "outer", "inner", "outer", "inner", "outer", "inner", "outer", "inner", "outer", "inner", "outer", "inner", "outer", "inner", "outer", "inner",
the directions or positional relationships indicated by the outer, bottom, top, etc. are generally based on the directions or positions shown in the drawings
Relationships are for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and in the event that no reverse explanation is made, these are intended to be included
The directional terms do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation or be in a particular direction
Bit construction and operation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the indoor direct shearing test instrument for medium and coarse grained soil comprises a fixed frame 18, a workbench 9, an upper shearing box 2, a lower shearing box 1, a shearing control device and a normal load pressurizing device, wherein the fixed frame 18 is a cast iron rectangular frame, the upper part of the fixed frame 18 is connected with the workbench 9 through a high-strength screw, the upper part of the workbench 9 is provided with a track 10, and the upper part of the track 10 is respectively provided with the lower shearing box 1 and the upper shearing box 2; the shearing control devices are arranged at two ends of the lower shearing box 1 and comprise a pushing seat 7, a load sensor 3, a displacement sensor 4 and a top head seat 5, the pushing seat 7 is arranged on a workbench 9, and the pushing seat 7 is in contact with one end of the lower shearing box 1 through a pushing group; the other end of the upper shearing box 2 is connected with a top head seat 5 through a load sensor 3; a normal load pressurizing device is arranged on the workbench and comprises a pressurizing group and an adjusting group; in the scheme, the workbench 9 is arranged on the upper portion of the fixing frame 18, the rail 10, the lower shearing box 1, the upper shearing box 2 and the shearing control device are arranged on the workbench 9, the lower shearing box 1 is pushed on the rail through the pushing group, the shearing test is realized, and meanwhile, the load sensor 3 and the displacement sensor 4 are adopted for data acquisition.
Example 2: in this embodiment, an upper shearing box and a lower shearing box are further described on the basis of the existing embodiment 1, the lower shearing box 1 is made of high-strength stainless steel, a square water tank is arranged at the bottom of the lower shearing box 1, the lower shearing box 1 is a cylindrical cavity structure with clamping grooves on both sides, the upper shearing box 2 is a cylindrical cavity structure with rollers on both sides, a sample is placed in the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box, and a water permeable plate is placed on the upper part of the sample and is butted with a loading beam 12 through a pressure transmission plate 14; the side part of the upper shearing box 2 is connected with a top head seat 5 through a load sensor 3, and the top head seat 5 is fixedly arranged on a workbench 9; the load sensor 3 is connected with a data acquisition system, so that data in each sensor can be acquired conveniently.
Example 3:
the embodiment is further described on the basis of the existing embodiment 1, wherein a loading beam 12, a pressure transmission plate 14 and an adjusting screw 13 are arranged at the upper part of the upper shear box 2; samples are placed in the upper shearing box 2 and the lower shearing box 1, a water permeable plate is placed on the upper portion of each sample, and the upper portions of the samples are in butt joint with the loading cross beam 12 through the pressure transmitting plate 14 and the adjusting screw 13 and are matched with the pressurizing group for use; the pressurizing group comprises a loading frame 11, a rolling diaphragm cylinder 15 and an air compressor, wherein the rolling diaphragm cylinder 15 is arranged at the bottom of the workbench 9 and is connected with the air compressor through a connecting piece; the design adopts a bottom pressure applying mode, an air compressor drives a rolling diaphragm cylinder 15, and a normal load is applied to a sample through a loading frame 11 and a pressure transmitting plate 14.
Example 4:
the present embodiment is further described on the basis of the existing embodiment 1, in which the adjusting set includes a screw rod 19, a lower beam 20 and an adjusting hand wheel 16, the lower beam 20 is disposed on the fixing frame 18, the screw rod 19 is disposed in the screw hole of the lower beam 20, the upper portion of the screw rod 19 is butted with the lower portion of the loading frame 11, and the lower portion of the screw rod 19 is connected with the adjusting hand wheel 16; the position of the loading frame 11 is adjusted by rotating the hand wheel 16, so as to adjust and control the contact between the loading frame 11 and the pressure transmission plate 14.
Example 5:
in this embodiment, a propulsion group is further described on the basis of the existing embodiment 1, the propulsion group includes a screw rod driving table, a travel switch base 8 and a servo motor 6, the screw rod driving table is disposed at one end of a propulsion base 7, and the servo motor 6 and the travel switch base 8 are disposed on the upper portion of the screw rod driving table; lead screw drive platform carries out the level to cuting box 1 down and promotes under servo motor 6's drive, and load sensor 3 and displacement sensor 4 of opposite side carry out the record simultaneously, improve equipment's practicality.
Example 6:
in this embodiment, a track 10 is further described on the basis of the existing embodiment 1, the track 10 is provided with a plurality of rollers, and the upper part of the track 10 is connected with the lower cutting box 1 through a clamping groove; the rail with the rollers is arranged, so that the lower shearing box 1 can slide horizontally, and the frictional resistance of the instrument is reduced to the maximum extent, thereby ensuring the test precision.
Example 7:
the use method of the direct shear test instrument in the medium-coarse-grained soil chamber comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting a shear box: arranging an upper shearing box 2 and a lower shearing box 1 on a track 10 above a workbench 9, aligning the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box, and inserting a positioning screw;
s2, sample installation: placing a perforated plastic plate, a plastic film or filter paper in the lower shearing box 1, placing the cutting edge of the cutting ring with the undisturbed sample upward on the clamping groove, placing the plastic film or the filter paper and the perforated plastic plate on the top surface of the sample, slowly and stably pushing the sample into the shearing box, removing the cutting ring, and placing the upper pressure transfer plate 14; if the sample is a remolded sample, loose soil materials which are prepared according to the specified water content and the specified dry density are gradually filled into the shearing box in a layered mode, a small mallet is used for lightly compacting the sample while filling, the final height of the soil sample is controlled to be 80mm, the surface of the soil sample is flattened, a plastic film or filter paper and a porous plastic plate are sequentially placed, and an uploading pressing plate 14 is placed.
S3, applying a normal load: the position of the shearing box is adjusted forwards and backwards, so that the shearing box is in good contact with the load sensor 3 and the shearing displacement sensor 4. Vertically arranging an adjusting screw 13 at the loading cross beam 12 at a middle groove of a pressure transmission plate 14; setting a normal pressurization load, starting an air compressor, and applying the normal load to the sample through a rolling diaphragm air cylinder 15 dowel bar and a loading frame 11. S4, starting shearing: and pulling out the positioning screw, starting shearing until the test is finished, and acquiring test data in real time.
S5, removing the sample: and (3) after the test is finished, removing the normal load, sequentially removing the loading frame 11, the pressure transmission plate 14 and the plastic plate with holes, lifting the shear box from the workbench 9, withdrawing the sample, and cleaning the shear box.
The appearances of the same phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. In a further aspect of the present invention,
when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the purview of other ones of the embodiments
It is within the scope of the present invention to implement such features, structures, or characteristics by the examples.
Although the utility model has been described herein with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure. More specifically, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the disclosure, the drawings and the appended claims. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, other uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides an indoor direct shear test instrument of medium coarse grain soil, includes mount (18), workstation (9), goes up shear box (2), shears box (1) down, cuts controlling means and normal load pressure device, its characterized in that: the fixed frame (18) is a cast iron rectangular frame, the upper part of the fixed frame (18) is connected with the workbench (9) through a high-strength screw, the upper part of the workbench (9) is provided with a track (10), and the upper part of the track (10) is respectively provided with the lower shearing box (1) and the upper shearing box (2); the shearing control device is arranged at two ends of the lower shearing box (1) and comprises a pushing seat (7), a load sensor (3), a displacement sensor (4) and a top head seat (5), the pushing seat (7) is arranged on a workbench (9), and the pushing seat (7) is in contact with one end of the lower shearing box (1) through a pushing group; the other end of the upper shearing box (2) is connected with a top head seat (5) through a load sensor (3); and a normal load pressurizing device is arranged on the workbench and comprises a pressurizing group and an adjusting group.
2. The apparatus for testing direct shear in medium and coarse-grained soil chamber according to claim 1, wherein: the lower shearing box (1) is made of high-strength stainless steel, a square water tank is arranged at the bottom of the lower shearing box (1), the lower shearing box (1) is of a cylindrical cavity structure with clamping grooves on two sides, the upper shearing box (2) is of a cylindrical cavity structure with rollers on two sides, a sample is placed in the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box, a water permeable plate is placed on the upper portion of the sample, and the upper shearing box is in butt joint with the loading cross beam (12) through a pressure transmission plate (14); the side part of the upper shearing box (2) is connected with the top head seat (5) through a load sensor (3), and the top head seat (5) is fixedly arranged on the workbench (9).
3. The apparatus for testing direct shear in medium and coarse-grained soil chamber according to claim 1, wherein: and the upper part of the upper shearing box (2) is provided with a loading beam (12), a pressure transmission plate (14) and an adjusting screw (13).
4. The apparatus for testing direct shear in medium and coarse-grained soil chamber according to claim 1, wherein: the pressurizing group comprises a loading frame (11), a rolling diaphragm cylinder (15) and an air compressor, wherein the rolling diaphragm cylinder (15) is arranged at the bottom of the workbench (9) and is connected with the air compressor through a connecting piece.
5. The apparatus for testing direct shear in medium and coarse-grained soil chamber according to claim 1, wherein: the adjusting group comprises a screw rod (19), a lower cross beam (20) and an adjusting hand wheel (16), the lower cross beam (20) is arranged on the fixing frame (18), the screw hole of the lower cross beam (20) is internally provided with the screw rod (19), the upper part of the screw rod (19) is butted with the lower part of the loading frame (11), and the lower part of the screw rod (19) is connected with the adjusting hand wheel (16).
6. The apparatus for testing direct shear in medium and coarse-grained soil chamber according to claim 1, wherein: the propelling group comprises a screw rod driving table, a travel switch seat (8) and a servo motor (6), the screw rod driving table is arranged at one end of the propelling seat (7), and the servo motor (6) and the travel switch seat (8) are arranged on the upper portion of the screw rod driving table.
7. The apparatus for testing direct shear in medium and coarse-grained soil chamber according to claim 1, wherein: the track (10) is provided with a plurality of rollers, and the upper part of the track (10) is connected with the lower shearing box (1) through a clamping groove; the inner diameters of the upper shearing box (2) and the lower shearing box (1) are 150mm, and the height is 100 mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202122611216.XU CN216622025U (en) | 2021-10-28 | 2021-10-28 | Indoor direct shear test instrument for medium and coarse-grained soil |
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| CN202122611216.XU CN216622025U (en) | 2021-10-28 | 2021-10-28 | Indoor direct shear test instrument for medium and coarse-grained soil |
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