CN210917496U - Testing device for interfacial mechanical property of pile and foundation soil - Google Patents
Testing device for interfacial mechanical property of pile and foundation soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A test device for the interfacial mechanical property of a pile and foundation soil is characterized in that two vertical counter-force beams are arranged on two sides of a lower supporting device, and a horizontal counter-force beam is fixedly connected between the two vertical counter-force beams; the upper end of the test box body is opened, a test soil body is arranged in the test box body, the lower end of the test box body is fixedly connected to the upper part of the lower supporting device, a bearing steel plate is arranged on the upper part of the test soil body, and round holes are formed in two side walls of the bearing steel plate; the test pile model penetrates through the test box body and the test soil body through a pair of circular holes; the horizontal pushing device and the displacement sensor are oppositely arranged on the outer sides of two ends of the test pile model, and the telescopic end of the horizontal pushing device is fixedly connected with one end of the test pile model; the vertical loading device is fixedly connected with the horizontal counter-force beam, and the telescopic end of the vertical loading device is fixedly connected with the center of the upper end of the bearing steel plate. The device can accurately simulate the working state of the pile foundation in the soil layer, can effectively improve the research precision of the mechanical characteristics of the pile and the soil interface, and has simple structure, convenient installation and stronger universality.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of stake and soil interface mechanics characteristic, specifically be a test device of stake and foundation soil's interface mechanics performance.
Background
With the rapid development of economy in China, buildings such as high-rise buildings and large-scale bridges are increasing day by day, and the requirement on basic bearing is higher and higher. When the natural soil layer can not meet the requirement of the upper load, the pile foundation is often required to replace a shallow foundation, so that the upper load is borne by the side friction resistance and the end resistance of the pile. The effective exertion of the pile side frictional resistance and the sliding connection of the interface between the pile and the soil are close, so that the research on the sliding between the pile foundation and the soil layer has important significance.
The conventional pile-soil interface performance test in China is mostly carried out by adopting a direct shear apparatus, the conventional direct shear apparatus is small in size and obvious in cuff effect, the working state of a pile foundation in a soil layer cannot be accurately simulated, and the reliability of a test result is influenced by errors caused by the fact that the research precision of the mechanical characteristics of the existing pile-soil interface is not high, so that the improvement is urgently needed. Therefore, a test system for simulating the working performance of the pile-soil interface, which has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in installation and strong universality, is urgently needed to develop the test research on the mechanical properties of the pile and the foundation soil interface.
Disclosure of Invention
To the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists, the utility model provides a test device of interfacial mechanics performance of stake and foundation soil, the device can the accurate operating condition of simulation pile foundation in the soil layer, can effectively improve stake and soil interface mechanics characteristic research precision, simultaneously, its simple structure, the installation of being convenient for, and have stronger commonality.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a test device for interfacial mechanical properties of piles and foundation soil, which comprises a lower supporting device, an electric control system, a vertical counter-force beam, a horizontal counter-force beam, a test box body, a test pile model, a horizontal pushing mechanism and a vertical loading mechanism, wherein the lower supporting device is fixedly connected to the ground;
the electric control system comprises a computer, a displacement sensor, a load sensor arranged in the horizontal pushing mechanism and a load sensor arranged in the vertical loading mechanism; the computer is respectively connected with a driver of the horizontal pushing mechanism, a driver of the vertical loading mechanism, a displacement sensor, a load sensor in the horizontal pushing mechanism and a load sensor in the vertical loading mechanism;
the number of the vertical counter-force beams is two, the vertical counter-force beams are oppositely arranged on the left side and the right side of the lower supporting device, the lower ends of the vertical counter-force beams are fixedly connected to the ground, and the two ends of the horizontal counter-force beam are fixedly connected with the inner sides of the upper ends of the two vertical counter-force beams respectively;
the upper end of the test box body is of an open structure, the lower end of the test box body is fixedly connected with the upper end of the lower supporting device, a test soil body is loaded in the test box body, a bearing steel plate which can longitudinally and movably penetrate through the upper opening end of the test box body is arranged above the test soil body, and a pair of round holes with the size matched with the test pile model are oppositely formed in the left side wall and the right side wall of the test box body;
the test pile model transversely penetrates through the test box body and the test soil body, and two ends of the test pile model respectively extend to the outer sides of the left end and the right end of the test box body through a pair of round holes;
the horizontal pushing mechanism and the displacement sensor are oppositely arranged on the outer sides of two ends of the test pile model, the horizontal pushing mechanism is provided with a fixed end and a telescopic end which is telescopic relative to the fixed end, the fixed end of the horizontal pushing mechanism is fixedly connected with the inner side of one vertical counter-force beam, the telescopic end of the horizontal pushing mechanism is fixedly connected with one end of the test pile model, and the displacement sensor is fixedly connected with the inner side of the other vertical counter-force beam and matched with the other end of the test pile model;
the vertical loading mechanism is provided with a fixed end and a telescopic end which is telescopic relative to the fixed end, the fixed end of the vertical loading mechanism is fixedly connected with the lower end of the horizontal counter-force beam, and the telescopic end of the vertical loading mechanism is fixedly connected with the central area of the upper end of the bearing steel plate.
In addition, in order to facilitate assembly and disassembly, the test box body is fixedly connected with the lower supporting device through a connecting bolt A; the lower supporting device is fixedly connected with the ground through a connecting bolt B.
Further, in order to improve the connection strength between the horizontal pushing mechanism and the vertical reaction beam, the fixed end of the horizontal pushing mechanism is fixedly connected with the vertical reaction beam through a fixed plate; in order to improve the connection strength between the vertical loading mechanism and the horizontal counter-force beam, the fixed end of the vertical loading mechanism is fixedly connected with the horizontal counter-force beam through a fixed plate.
Further, in order to ensure the test precision, the center of the horizontal pushing mechanism and the test pile model are coaxially arranged, and the center of the vertical loading mechanism and the center of the test box body are arranged in alignment.
Further, for the convenience of control, simultaneously, in order to supply stable load effort, horizontal pushing mechanism and vertical loading mechanism constitute by hydraulic actuator, electromagnetic directional valve and hydraulic power unit, and wherein hydraulic actuator passes through the electromagnetic directional valve and is connected with hydraulic power unit, and the electromagnetic directional valve is connected with the computer.
The utility model discloses the experimental soil body of landfill in upper end open-ended test box body to setting gradually on experimental dry top of repose and bearing steel sheet and vertical loading mechanism, can be convenient for apply vertical load to bearing the steel sheet through vertical loading mechanism, and then act on the experimental soil body, enable the stress of the experimental stake model soil body around and change, thereby can change frictional force between experimental stake model and the experimental soil body according to the different situation. The horizontal penetration test pile model arranged in the test box body and the test soil body can simulate the state of a pile foundation in the soil body, and the horizontal load loading can be carried out on the test pile model through the arrangement of the horizontal migration mechanism, so that the development characteristic of the pile side friction resistance after the pile body of the test pile model is subjected to the side pressure in the soil body can be conveniently simulated. The setting of the electric control system can facilitate the real-time acquisition of each test parameter, so that the relation curve between the horizontal load and the displacement of the pile body can be rapidly and accurately drawn, and the relation curve between the side friction force of the pile and the relative displacement between the pile soil and the relation curve between the vertical load and the limit friction force can be obtained. The device simple structure, each part installation, adjustment and dismantlement process are convenient, and simultaneously, its suitability is wider, the reliability is high, is favorable to improving test efficiency height to but reuse has economic nature and commonality.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a test box of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an assembly diagram of the test box and the test pile model of the present invention;
fig. 4 is the utility model discloses well experimental box, experimental stake model, bear steel sheet and vertical loading mechanism's assembly schematic diagram.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a test pile model, 2, a test box body, 3, a test soil body, 4, a bearing steel plate, 5, a displacement sensor, 6, a vertical loading mechanism, 7, a horizontal pushing mechanism, 8, a horizontal counter-force beam, 9, a vertical counter-force beam, 10, a fixing plate, 11, a lower supporting device, 12, connecting bolts A and 13, connecting bolts B and 14, the ground, 15, an electric control system, 16 and a round hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the testing device for interfacial mechanical properties of piles and foundation soil comprises a lower supporting device 11 fixedly connected to the ground 14, an electric control system, a vertical reaction beam 9, a horizontal reaction beam 8, a testing box body 2, a testing pile model 1, a horizontal pushing mechanism 7 and a vertical loading mechanism 6;
the electric control system comprises a computer 15, a displacement sensor 5, a load sensor arranged in the horizontal pushing mechanism 7 and a load sensor arranged in the vertical loading mechanism 6; the computer 15 is respectively connected with a driver of the horizontal pushing mechanism 7, a driver of the vertical loading mechanism 6, the displacement sensor 5, a load sensor in the horizontal pushing mechanism 7 and a load sensor in the vertical loading mechanism 6;
the number of the vertical reaction beams 9 is two, the vertical reaction beams are oppositely arranged on the left side and the right side of the lower supporting device 11, the lower ends of the vertical reaction beams 9 are fixedly connected to the ground 14, and the two ends of the horizontal reaction beam 8 are respectively fixedly connected with the inner sides of the upper ends of the two vertical reaction beams 9;
the upper end of the test box body 2 is of an open structure, the lower end of the test box body 2 is fixedly connected with the upper end of the lower supporting device 11, a test soil body 3 is loaded in the test box body 2, a bearing steel plate 4 which longitudinally movably penetrates through the upper opening end of the test box body 2 is arranged above the test soil body 3, the size and the dimension of the bearing steel plate 4 can be slightly smaller than those of the upper opening end of the test box body 2, and a pair of round holes 16 which are matched with the test pile model 1 in size are oppositely formed in the left side wall and the right side wall of the test box body 2; the size of the round hole 16 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the test pile model 1, so that the test pile model 1 can penetrate through the test box and has a certain movement space.
The test pile model 1 transversely penetrates through the test box body 2 and the test soil body 3, and two ends of the test pile model respectively extend to the outer sides of the left end and the right end of the test box body 2 through a pair of round holes 16;
the horizontal pushing mechanism 7 and the displacement sensor 5 are oppositely arranged at the outer sides of two ends of the test pile model 1, the horizontal pushing mechanism 7 is provided with a fixed end and a telescopic end which is telescopic relative to the fixed end, the fixed end of the horizontal pushing mechanism 7 is fixedly connected with the inner side of one vertical reaction beam 9, the telescopic end of the horizontal pushing mechanism 7 is fixedly connected with one end of the test pile model 1, and the displacement sensor 5 is fixedly connected with the inner side of the other vertical reaction beam 9 and matched with the other end of the test pile model 1;
the vertical loading mechanism 6 is provided with a fixed end and a telescopic end which can stretch relative to the fixed end, the fixed end of the vertical loading mechanism 6 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the horizontal counter-force beam 8, and the telescopic end of the vertical loading mechanism 6 is fixedly connected with the central area of the upper end of the bearing steel plate 4.
In order to facilitate assembly and disassembly, the test box body 2 is fixedly connected with the lower supporting device 11 through a connecting bolt A12; the lower support 11 is fixedly connected to the ground 14 by means of a connecting bolt B13.
In order to improve the connection strength between the horizontal pushing mechanism and the vertical reaction beam, the fixed end of the horizontal pushing mechanism 7 is fixedly connected with the vertical reaction beam 9 through a fixed plate 10. In order to improve the connection strength between the vertical loading mechanism 6 and the horizontal reaction beam 8, the fixed end of the vertical loading mechanism 6 is fixedly connected with the horizontal reaction beam 8 through a fixed plate 10.
In order to ensure stable supporting strength, the ground 14 is a concrete ground.
In order to ensure the test precision, the center of the horizontal pushing mechanism 7 is coaxially arranged with the test pile model 1, and the center of the vertical loading mechanism 6 is arranged in alignment with the center of the test box body 2.
In order to facilitate control and simultaneously supply stable load acting force, the horizontal pushing mechanism 7 and the vertical loading mechanism 6 are respectively composed of a hydraulic actuator, an electromagnetic directional valve and a hydraulic pump station, wherein the hydraulic actuator is connected with the hydraulic pump station through the electromagnetic directional valve, and the electromagnetic directional valve is connected with the computer 15. The electromagnetic directional valve is used as a driver of the horizontal pushing mechanism 7 and the vertical loading mechanism 6, and the extension and retraction control of the horizontal pushing mechanism 7 and the vertical loading mechanism 6 can be conveniently realized through the control of the computer 15. Preferably, the hydraulic pump station is connectable to the computer 15 so that the activation and deactivation of the hydraulic pump station is controlled automatically by the computer 15.
The utility model also provides a test method of stake and foundation soil's interfacial mechanics performance, including following step:
the method comprises the following steps: fixedly connecting the test box body 2 and the lower supporting device 11 together through a connecting bolt A12, and fixedly connecting the lower supporting device 11 and the ground 14 together through a connecting bolt B13;
step two: filling the test soil 3 into the test box body 2 in layers, carrying out appropriate tamping treatment, stopping filling soil when the height of the soil layer reaches the position of the round hole 16, and enabling the prefabricated test pile model 1 to penetrate through the test box body 2 through the round hole 16;
step three: continuing to bury the residual test soil 3, properly tamping, and placing a bearing steel plate 4 on the upper part of the test soil 3 after burying;
step four: respectively installing a displacement sensor 5 and a horizontal pushing mechanism 7 at the outer sides of two end parts of the test pile model 1; a vertical loading mechanism 6 is arranged above the center of the bearing steel plate 4, and vertical load is applied to the bearing steel plate 4 through the vertical loading mechanism 6 so as to transmit the vertical load to the test soil body 3;
step five: after the test soil body 3 is stabilized by the vertical load, applying a horizontal load to the test pile model 1 through the horizontal migration mechanism 7;
step six: the vertical loading mechanism 6 and the horizontal pushing mechanism 7 are controlled by the electric control system to maintain the vertical load constant, the loading of the horizontal load is controlled at a constant speed so that the shearing displacement of the test pile model 1 relative to the test soil body 3 is changed, meanwhile, the electric control system records the change condition of the shearing displacement through the displacement sensor 5, and records the change conditions of the vertical load and the counter force of the horizontal load through the load sensors in the vertical loading mechanism 6 and the horizontal pushing mechanism 7;
step seven: when the shearing displacement continues to increase but the shearing force fed back by the horizontal pushing mechanism 7 gradually approaches a certain value and does not continue to increase, the test soil body 3 reaches a stable state, and the test is stopped;
step eight: arranging pile body displacement and pile side frictional resistance performance data of the test pile model 1 under the action of a certain vertical load, drawing a relation curve between horizontal load and displacement of the pile body, obtaining a relative displacement relation between pile side frictional resistance and pile soil and a relation curve between the vertical load and ultimate frictional resistance, and summarizing a friction coefficient between the test pile model 1 and a test soil body 3, wherein the frictional resistance of the test pile model 1 is calculated according to a formula (1), and the friction coefficient between the test pile model 1 and the test soil body 3 is calculated according to a formula (2);
in the formula: tau is the side friction between piles and soils, and the unit is Pa;
FHthe unit is N for the counterforce of the horizontal pushing system;
a is the contact area between the pile body and the soil layer, and the unit is cm2；
In the formula: mu is the friction coefficient between piles and soils;
FVthe unit is N for the counterforce of the horizontal pushing system;
FHis the horizontal pushing system counterforce and has the unit of N.
In order to flexibly change the test conditions in the test process, in step 6, the vertical load and the horizontal displacement rate are manually adjusted according to the test requirements in the test process.
In order to ensure effective output of vertical load and horizontal load and simultaneously ensure that a displacement sensor can accurately measure the displacement of the test pile model, the horizontal pushing mechanism 7 and the displacement sensor 5 are respectively and fixedly connected with the inner sides of two vertical counter-force beams 9 which are fixedly arranged on the left side and the right side of the lower supporting device 11; the vertical loading mechanism 6 is fixedly connected with the lower end surface of a horizontal counter-force beam 8 fixedly connected between two vertical counter-force beams 9.
In order to ensure the stable loading of the vertical loading force, the telescopic end of the vertical loading mechanism 6 is fixedly connected with the center of the upper end of the bearing steel plate 4.
The electric control system controls the vertical loading mechanism to apply vertical load to a test soil body, the vertical load is transmitted to the test pile model by the tamped test soil body, the lateral pressure of the soil body on the pile body under the actual working state is simulated, and then the horizontal load is applied to one end of the test pile model by the horizontal pushing mechanism to enable the test pile module to horizontally displace, so that the development characteristic of the pile side frictional resistance of the test pile model after the pile body of the test pile model is subjected to the lateral pressure in the soil body is effectively simulated, the electric control system can be used for controlling the horizontal displacement speed and the vertical load of the test pile model, the mechanical property rules of the pile and soil body interface under different test soil bodies and different vertical loads can be researched, the method can quickly and accurately simulate the working state of a pile foundation in a soil layer, and can accurately carry out the test research on the mechanical property of the pile and foundation soil interface, the test precision is higher, and the reliability is strong.
The utility model discloses simulated the pile body effectively and received the performance characteristic of soil body lateral pressure back pile side frictional resistance, utilized electronic system control horizontal displacement speed and vertical load size simultaneously, can realize the research to pile and soil body interface mechanical properties law under different experimental soil bodies, different vertical loads, its experimental precision is higher, the good reliability. And simultaneously, the utility model discloses simple structure, each part installation of test device, dismantlement are convenient to do benefit to and change and maintain, test efficiency is high, has economic nature and commonality.
Claims (5)
1. A test device for interfacial mechanical property of piles and foundation soil comprises a lower supporting device (11) fixedly connected to the ground (14), and is characterized by further comprising an electric control system, a vertical counter-force beam (9), a horizontal counter-force beam (8), a test box body (2), a test pile model (1), a horizontal pushing mechanism (7) and a vertical loading mechanism (6);
the electric control system comprises a computer (15), a displacement sensor (5), a load sensor arranged in the horizontal pushing mechanism (7) and a load sensor arranged in the vertical loading mechanism (6); the computer (15) is respectively connected with a driver of the horizontal pushing mechanism (7), a driver of the vertical loading mechanism (6), the displacement sensor (5), a load sensor in the horizontal pushing mechanism (7) and a load sensor in the vertical loading mechanism (6);
the number of the vertical reaction beams (9) is two, the vertical reaction beams are oppositely arranged on the left side and the right side of the lower supporting device (11), the lower ends of the vertical reaction beams (9) are fixedly connected to the ground (14), and the two ends of the horizontal reaction beam (8) are fixedly connected with the inner sides of the upper ends of the two vertical reaction beams (9) respectively;
the upper end of the test box body (2) is of an open structure, the lower end of the test box body (2) is fixedly connected with the upper end of the lower supporting device (11), a test soil body (3) is loaded in the test box body (2), a bearing steel plate (4) which can longitudinally and movably penetrate through the upper opening end of the test box body (2) is arranged above the test soil body (3), and a pair of round holes (16) with the size matched with that of the test pile model (1) are oppositely formed in the left side wall and the right side wall of the test box body (2);
the test pile model (1) transversely penetrates through the test box body (2) and the test soil body (3), and two ends of the test pile model respectively extend to the outer sides of the left end and the right end of the test box body (2) through a pair of round holes (16);
the horizontal pushing mechanism (7) and the displacement sensor (5) are oppositely arranged on the outer sides of two ends of the test pile model (1), the horizontal pushing mechanism (7) is provided with a fixed end and a telescopic end which can stretch relative to the fixed end, the fixed end of the horizontal pushing mechanism (7) is fixedly connected with the inner side of one vertical reaction beam (9), the telescopic end of the horizontal pushing mechanism (7) is fixedly connected with one end of the test pile model (1), and the displacement sensor (5) is fixedly connected with the inner side of the other vertical reaction beam (9) and matched with the other end of the test pile model (1);
the vertical loading mechanism (6) is provided with a fixed end and a telescopic end which is telescopic relative to the fixed end, the fixed end of the vertical loading mechanism (6) is fixedly connected with the lower end of the horizontal counter-force beam (8), and the telescopic end of the vertical loading mechanism (6) is fixedly connected with the central area of the upper end of the bearing steel plate (4).
2. The apparatus for testing interfacial mechanical properties of pile and foundation soil according to claim 1, wherein said test box (2) is fixedly connected with lower supporting device (11) by means of connecting bolt a (12); the lower supporting device (11) is fixedly connected with the ground (14) through a connecting bolt B (13).
3. The testing device for interfacial mechanical property of pile and foundation soil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fixed end of the horizontal pushing mechanism (7) is fixedly connected with the vertical counter-force beam (9) through a fixed plate (10); the fixed end of the vertical loading mechanism (6) is fixedly connected with the horizontal counter-force beam (8) through a fixed plate (10).
4. A pile and foundation soil interfacial force testing apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein said horizontal pushing mechanism (7) is disposed coaxially with the test pile model (1) and the vertical loading mechanism (6) is disposed with its center aligned with the center of the test box (2).
5. The testing device for the interfacial mechanical property of the pile and the foundation soil according to claim 4, wherein the horizontal pushing mechanism (7) and the vertical loading mechanism (6) are respectively composed of a hydraulic actuator, an electromagnetic directional valve and a hydraulic pump station, wherein the hydraulic actuator is connected with the hydraulic pump station through the electromagnetic directional valve, and the electromagnetic directional valve is connected with the computer (15).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201921447868.0U CN210917496U (en) | 2019-09-02 | 2019-09-02 | Testing device for interfacial mechanical property of pile and foundation soil |
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| CN201921447868.0U CN210917496U (en) | 2019-09-02 | 2019-09-02 | Testing device for interfacial mechanical property of pile and foundation soil |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110629808A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-12-31 | 江苏省送变电有限公司 | Testing device and testing method for interfacial mechanical property of pile and foundation soil |
| CN113640877A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-12 | 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 | Method and system for calculating proportional coefficient of soil horizontal reaction coefficient |
| CN116863803B (en) * | 2023-06-07 | 2024-04-02 | 长安大学 | Simulation device and method for model test in rock-soil body drilling |
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2019
- 2019-09-02 CN CN201921447868.0U patent/CN210917496U/en active Active
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110629808A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-12-31 | 江苏省送变电有限公司 | Testing device and testing method for interfacial mechanical property of pile and foundation soil |
| CN110629808B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2023-12-22 | 江苏省送变电有限公司 | Test device and test method for interfacial mechanical properties of piles and foundation soil |
| CN113640877A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-12 | 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 | Method and system for calculating proportional coefficient of soil horizontal reaction coefficient |
| CN113640877B (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2023-04-07 | 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 | Method and system for calculating proportionality coefficient of soil horizontal reaction coefficient |
| CN116863803B (en) * | 2023-06-07 | 2024-04-02 | 长安大学 | Simulation device and method for model test in rock-soil body drilling |
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