CN216528950U - Perovskite solar cell and battery pack - Google Patents
Perovskite solar cell and battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN216528950U CN216528950U CN202122664109.3U CN202122664109U CN216528950U CN 216528950 U CN216528950 U CN 216528950U CN 202122664109 U CN202122664109 U CN 202122664109U CN 216528950 U CN216528950 U CN 216528950U
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- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Abstract
The utility model discloses a perovskite solar cell and a cell assembly, wherein the perovskite solar cell comprises a bottom transparent electrode, a first carrier transmission layer, a perovskite active layer, a second carrier transmission layer, a metal layer and a top transparent electrode which are sequentially stacked; one of the first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer is an electron transport layer, and the other of the first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer is a hole transport layer. According to the perovskite solar cell, the metal layer is arranged on the top transparent electrode and the second carrier transmission layer, so that the damage to the second carrier transmission layer and the perovskite active layer caused by the machining forming process of the top transparent electrode can be avoided, the electric transmission efficiency of the top transparent electrode and the second carrier transmission layer can be ensured, and the perovskite solar cell has good practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of energy, in particular to a perovskite solar cell and a cell module.
Background
The perovskite solar cell has great application prospect due to the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, light weight, compatibility with roll-to-roll technology and the like. The battery can be matched with a laminated battery for use, and can be applied to the fields of windows, skylights, roofs, glass curtain walls, flexible wearable electronic equipment and the like.
On one hand, when the transparent electrode is prepared by the conventional transparent perovskite solar cell, technologies such as magnetron sputtering and the like are generally used, so that a carrier transmission layer and a perovskite active layer are easily damaged to a certain extent in the manufacturing process, and the service life and the production yield of a product are influenced; on the other hand, in order to ensure the conductivity between the transparent electrode and the carrier transport layer, commercial products with higher price, such as ITO and FTO, are generally required to be adopted in the prior art, which can greatly increase the preparation cost of the transparent perovskite solar cell and is not beneficial to the popularization of the product; if the transparent electrode is made of a material with low cost, the electrical efficiency of the product is low due to the fact that the contact resistance between the transparent electrode and the current carrier transmission layer is large due to the problem of material characteristics, and the product is not beneficial to practical use.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to overcome the defects of the conventional perovskite solar cell, the utility model provides the perovskite solar cell, and the metal layers are arranged on the top transparent electrode and the second carrier transmission layer, so that on one hand, the second carrier transmission layer and the perovskite active layer can be prevented from being damaged by the processing and forming process of the top transparent electrode, on the other hand, the electric transmission efficiency of the top transparent electrode and the second carrier transmission layer can be ensured, and the perovskite solar cell has good practicability.
Correspondingly, the utility model also provides a perovskite solar cell, which comprises a bottom transparent electrode, a first carrier transmission layer, a perovskite active layer, a second carrier transmission layer, a metal layer and a top transparent electrode which are sequentially stacked;
one of the first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer is an electron transport layer, and the other of the first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer is a hole transport layer.
In an optional embodiment, the thickness of the top transparent electrode is in a range of [20nm,300nm ].
In an optional embodiment, the thickness of the metal layer ranges from (0nm,10 nm).
In an alternative embodiment, the metal layer is a conductive nanowire structure or a conductive nanodot structure.
In an optional embodiment, the thickness of the first carrier transport layer is in a range of [5nm,50nm ].
In an optional embodiment, the thickness of the second carrier transport layer is in a range of [5nm,50nm ].
In an alternative embodiment, the thickness of the perovskite active layer is in the range of [100nm,1000nm ].
In an optional embodiment, the thickness of the bottom transparent electrode is in a range of [30nm,300nm ].
In alternative embodiments, the bottom transparent electrode is conductive glass and/or the top transparent electrode is conductive glass.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a perovskite solar cell module comprising two or more of said perovskite solar cells;
all the perovskite solar cells are arranged in sequence;
any two adjacent perovskite solar cells in all the perovskite solar cells are electrically connected;
the electrical connection mode of any two adjacent perovskite solar cells in all the perovskite solar cells is as follows: the top transparent electrode of one perovskite solar cell is electrically connected with the bottom transparent electrode of the other perovskite solar cell.
The utility model provides a perovskite solar cell and a cell module, wherein the characteristic that metal materials are in contact with a top transparent electrode and a second carrier transmission layer respectively and have better compatibility is utilized through the arrangement of a metal layer, so that the contact resistance between the top transparent electrode and the second carrier transmission layer is reduced, the energy loss caused by the contact resistance is reduced, and the electric efficiency of the perovskite solar cell is improved. Meanwhile, the top transparent electrode is processed after the metal layer is arranged, so that the second carrier transmission layer and the perovskite active layer below the metal layer can be prevented from being damaged by processing the top transparent electrode, and the production yield and the service life of the product are ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a perovskite solar cell according to an embodiment of the utility model.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a perovskite solar cell module according to an embodiment of the utility model.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: perovskite solar cell
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a perovskite solar cell according to an embodiment of the utility model.
In particular, embodiments of the present invention provide a perovskite solar cell, which basically comprises a bottom transparent electrode 20, a first carrier transport layer 30, a perovskite active layer 40, a second carrier transport layer 50, a metal layer 60 and a top transparent electrode 70, which are sequentially stacked.
One of the first carrier transport layer 30 and the second carrier transport layer 50 is an electron transport layer, and the other of the first carrier transport layer 30 and the second carrier transport layer 50 is a hole transport layer.
In particular, the perovskite solar cell is a solar cell using a perovskite-type organic metal halide semiconductor as a light absorbing material, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the materials for forming the bottom transparent electrode 20, the first carrier transport layer 30, the perovskite active layer 40, the second carrier transport layer 50, and the top transparent electrode 70 may be those known in the art.
Specifically, the bottom transparent electrode 20 according to the embodiment of the present invention may be made of single component (single structure) materials such as FTO, ITO, IZO, AZO, or the like, or may be made of one or more of single component (single structure) materials such as FTO, ITO, IZO, AZO, or the like.
Specifically, similarly, the top transparent material according to the embodiment of the present invention may be made of single component (single structure) materials such as FTO, ITO, IZO, AZO, or the like, or may be mixed with one or more of the single component (single structure) materials such as FTO, ITO, IZO, AZO, or the like.
Specifically, the perovskite active layer 40 of the embodiment of the present invention may be made of a material having an ABX3 structure, wherein:
a is a monovalent cation including, but not limited to, Rb +, Cs +, FA +, MA +, and combinations thereof.
B is a divalent cation including, but not limited to, Pb2+, Sn2+, and combinations thereof.
X is a halide anion, SCN-, and combinations thereof.
Specifically, the perovskite active layer 40 can be made of MAPbI3, MAPbI3-xBrx, MAPbI3-xClx, Cs1-yFAyPbI3-xBrx, Cs1-yFAyPbI3-xClx, FA1-yMAyPbBr3-xIx, FA1-yMAyPbI3-xClx, FA1-y (CsMA) yPbI3-xBrx, (FACs)1-yMAyPbI3-xBrx, FA1-y CsMA) yPbI3-xClx, (FACs)1-yMAyPbI3-xClx, and the like, wherein 0 < x < 3, and 0 < y < 1.
Specifically, regarding the structure of the first carrier transport layer 30 and the second carrier transport layer 50, since the first carrier transport layer 30 and the second carrier transport layer 50 play a role in charge supply and charge transport in the perovskite solar cell according to the embodiment of the present invention, in practical design, the first carrier transport layer 30 and the second carrier transport layer 50 need to adopt a structure with opposite polarities.
Specifically, if the perovskite solar cell is a main cell, the first carrier transport layer 30 is an electron transport layer, and the second carrier transport layer 50 is a hole transport layer.
Specifically, if the perovskite solar cell is a trans-cell, the first carrier transport layer 30 is a hole transport layer and the second carrier transport layer 50 is an electron transport layer. Specifically, the carrier transport layer as the electron transport layer is a layer that extracts and transports electrons in photogenerated excitons of the perovskite active layer 40, and the material for producing the carrier transport layer may be a single material of SnO2, TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, C60, PCBM, or a mixed material in which a plurality of single materials are mixed. The carrier transport layer as the hole transport layer can be made of a single material such as P3HT, Spiro-MeOTAD, PTAA, PEDOT, PSS, FDT, NiOX, CuSCN, CuGaO2 and the like or a mixed material formed by mixing a plurality of single materials.
Specifically, in the perovskite solar cell of the embodiment of the utility model, the metal layer 60 is arranged between the top transparent electrode 70 and the second carrier transmission layer 50, and by utilizing the characteristic that the metal material has better contact compatibility with the top transparent electrode 70 and the second carrier transmission layer 50, the contact resistance between the top transparent electrode 70 and the second carrier transmission layer 50 is reduced, the energy loss caused by the contact resistance is reduced, and the electrical efficiency of the perovskite solar cell is improved. Meanwhile, the top transparent electrode 70 is processed after the metal layer 60 is arranged, so that the second carrier transmission layer 50 and the perovskite active layer 40 below the metal layer 60 can be prevented from being damaged by processing the top transparent electrode 70, and the production yield and the service life of the product are ensured.
Specifically, the metal layer 60 may be made of a high-conductivity metal material such as Ag, Au, Al, Cu, or Ni. In specific implementation, the metal layer 60 plays a role in blocking and conducting, so that the metal layer is as thin as possible in actual processing to avoid the light blocking performance of the metal layer from being enhanced; in the embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the metal layer 60 is (0nm,10 nm), specifically, due to the thickness requirement of the metal layer 60, in the specific implementation, the metal layer 60 may be a conductive nanowire structure or a conductive nanodot structure.
In a specific implementation, the thickness of the top transparent electrode 70 is in a range of [20nm,300nm ]. Specifically, the top transparent electrode 70 may be prepared by magnetron sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, vacuum reactive evaporation, or pulsed laser deposition.
In a specific implementation, the thickness of the first carrier transport layer 30 is in a range of [5nm,50nm ]. Specifically, the first carrier transmission can be prepared by a spin coating, vacuum evaporation or magnetron sputtering method.
In a specific implementation, the thickness of the second carrier transport layer 50 is in a range of [5nm,50nm ]. Specifically, the second carrier transmission can be prepared by a spin coating, vacuum evaporation or magnetron sputtering method.
In a specific implementation, the thickness of the perovskite active layer 40 is in a range of [100nm,1000nm ]. Specifically, the perovskite active layer 40 can be prepared by spin coating, spray coating, ink jet, coating, blade coating, and screen printing.
In a specific implementation, the thickness of the bottom transparent electrode 20 is in a range of [30nm,300nm ]. Specifically, the bottom transparent electrode 20 may be made of glass or flexible PET deposited with conductive FTO, ITO, or the like.
In a specific implementation, the bottom transparent electrode 20 is conductive glass, and/or the top transparent electrode 70 is conductive glass. In general, conductive glass is often used for the bottom transparent electrode 20 due to the manufacturing procedure.
In particular, in practical implementation, the perovskite solar cell needs to be disposed on a carrier for use, and therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the perovskite solar cell further includes a substrate 10 located at the bottommost, and a bottom transparent electrode 20 is disposed on the substrate 10.
Example two: perovskite solar cell module
Correspondingly, the utility model also provides a perovskite solar cell module, which comprises more than two perovskite solar cells; all the perovskite solar cells are arranged in sequence; any two adjacent perovskite solar cells in all the perovskite solar cells are electrically connected; any two adjacent perovskite solar cells of all the perovskite solar cells are: the top transparent electrode of one perovskite solar cell is electrically connected with the bottom transparent electrode of the other perovskite solar cell.
Specifically, the embodiment of the utility model provides a perovskite solar cell module, which is composed of more than two perovskite solar cells; due to process limitation, the area of a perovskite active layer in a perovskite solar cell is difficult to be made larger, so that the size of a single perovskite solar cell cannot be larger; in consideration of the power generation efficiency of the perovskite solar cell and the size of the perovskite solar cell, the perovskite solar cell is combined to form the perovskite solar cell module so as to meet the actual use requirement.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a perovskite solar cell module according to an embodiment of the utility model. In particular, embodiments of the present invention provide a specific structure of a perovskite solar cell module for reference.
Specifically, the perovskite solar cell module according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a total bottom transparent electrode 120, a total first carrier transport layer 130, a total perovskite active layer 140, a total second carrier transport layer 150, a total metal layer 160, and a total top transparent electrode 170, which are sequentially stacked.
The perovskite solar cell module is also provided with a plurality of first scribing lines P1, a plurality of second scribing lines P2 and a plurality of third scribing lines P3.
The plurality of first scribe lines P1 divide the total bottom transparent electrode 120 into a plurality of bottom transparent electrodes, i.e., substantially, the total bottom transparent electrode 120 includes a plurality of bottom transparent electrodes divided based on the plurality of first scribe lines P1.
Any one of the plurality of third scribe lines P3 extends longitudinally through the total top transparent electrode 170, the total metal layer 160, the total second carrier transport layer 150, the total perovskite active layer 140, and the total first carrier transport layer 130.
Accordingly, the total first carrier transport layer 130 includes several first carrier transport layers divided based on the several third scribe lines P3.
Accordingly, the total perovskite active layer 140 includes several perovskite active layers divided based on the several third scribing lines P3.
Accordingly, the total second carrier transport layer 150 includes several second carrier transport layers divided based on the several third scribe lines P3.
Accordingly, the total metal layer 160 includes a number of metal layers divided based on the number of third scribe lines P3;
accordingly, the total top transparent electrode 170 includes a number of top transparent electrodes divided based on the number of third scribe lines P3.
One second scribing line P2 is arranged between any one first scribing line P1 of the plurality of first scribing lines P1 and the corresponding third scribing line P3, and the second scribing line P2 longitudinally penetrates through the total second carrier transport layer 150, the total perovskite active layer 140 and the total first carrier transport layer 130; since the total metal layer 160 needs to cover (not fill) the inner side of the P2 scribe line, the metal layer 160 has a groove in the second scribe line P2 when viewed structurally, as shown in fig. 2.
Specifically, due to the processing of the first scribe line P1, the second scribe line P2, and the third scribe line P3, the structures of the total bottom transparent electrode 120, the total first carrier transport layer 130, the total perovskite active layer 140, the total second carrier transport layer 150, the total metal layer 160, and the total top transparent electrode 170 have corresponding changes.
Specifically, the overall first carrier transport layer 130 further includes a first filling structure filled in the first scribe line P1; the total metal layer 160 includes a second overlay structure overlying the inner wall of the second scribe line P2; the total top transparent electrode 170 includes a third filling structure filled in the second filling structure.
Specifically, fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of two adjacent perovskite solar cells in a perovskite solar cell module, which are designated as a first perovskite solar cell and a second perovskite solar cell for convenience of description, and is shown in conjunction with the schematic diagram of fig. 2.
Specifically, independent structures of the first perovskite solar cell and the second perovskite solar cell both belong to the implementation structure of the perovskite solar cell described in the first embodiment, on this basis, in order to ensure the processing convenience and the simplification of the structure of the perovskite solar cell module, the perovskite solar cell module of the embodiment of the present invention adopts an integrated structure, and the manner of utilizing the redesign of each layer structure in the perovskite solar cell to realize the electrical connection of any two adjacent perovskite solar cells in all the perovskite solar cells is as follows: the top transparent electrode of one perovskite solar cell is electrically connected with the bottom transparent electrode of the other perovskite solar cell.
Specifically, the first scribe line P1 is used to divide the total bottom transparent electrode 120 into independent electrodes (bottom transparent electrodes), and specifically, the bottom transparent electrode may be understood as a structure in which a microcircuit is disposed on a transparent carrier, and the bottom transparent electrode can only generate corresponding conductive power capability at a position where the microcircuit is disposed, so in the embodiment of the present invention, although in fig. 2, no conductive power capability is generated between the first carrier transmission layer of the first perovskite solar cell and the bottom transparent electrode on the second perovskite solar cell, the first scribe line P1 has a function of separating the bottom transparent electrode of the first perovskite solar cell and the bottom transparent electrode of the second perovskite solar cell.
Accordingly, due to the process, the material of the total first carrier transport layer 130 may be filled into the first scribe line P1.
Correspondingly, due to the relation of processing technology, the total perovskite active layer 140 and the total second carrier transmission layer 150 are sequentially processed on the top surface of the first carrier transmission layer, and correspondingly, in order to connect two adjacent perovskite solar cells in series, the total first carrier transmission layer 130, the total perovskite active layer 140 and the total second carrier transmission layer 150 are subjected to plane type integral penetration cutting by using a second scribed line P2; the third scribe line P3 is provided primarily to avoid shorting of the total metal layer 160 to the total bottom transparent electrode 110 of the adjacent cell and shorting of the total top transparent electrode 170 to the total bottom transparent electrode 110 of the adjacent cell.
Accordingly, the total metal layer 160 is processed on the total second carrier transport layer 150, and since the total metal layer 160 functions as an isolation and a conduction, the total metal layer 160 is substantially a structure covering the total second carrier transport layer 150, and due to the existence of the second scribe line P2, the total metal layer 160 covers the inner wall (including the inner side wall and the bottom surface) of the second scribe line P2 at the same time during the processing. Referring to fig. 2 of the drawings, the total metal layer 160 extends from the top surface of the second carrier transport layer of the first perovskite solar cell to the top surface of the bottom transparent electrode of the second perovskite solar cell (a conductive microcircuit is arranged at a position corresponding to the bottom transparent electrode of the second perovskite solar cell), that is, the function of communicating the top transparent electrode of the first perovskite solar cell with the bottom transparent electrode of the second perovskite solar cell is achieved, and the function of electrically connecting two adjacent perovskite solar cells in the perovskite solar cell assembly is achieved.
Accordingly, when the total top transparent electrode 170 is processed on the metal layer, due to the existence of the second scribe line P2, the material of the total top transparent electrode 170 is filled into the second scribe line P2 (surrounded by the total metal layer 160), and in order to separate each perovskite solar cell, the third scribe line P3 is provided in the embodiment of the present invention. The function of the third score line P3 is to separate the top transparent electrode, the metal layer, the second carrier transport layer, the perovskite active layer and the first carrier transport layer of two adjacent perovskite solar cells.
The first, second, and third scribe lines P1, P2, and P3 have a planar overall penetrating structure.
In particular embodiments, in order to provide a support carrier for the perovskite solar cell module, the perovskite solar cell module of the embodiments of the present invention further comprises a total substrate 110, and the total bottom transparent electrode 120 is disposed on the total substrate 110.
Example three: perovskite solar cell module processing method
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the utility model also provides a perovskite solar cell module processing method, which comprises the following steps:
s101: processing a total transparent bottom electrode on the total substrate;
specifically, the total bottom transparent electrode may be a glass or flexible PET substrate deposited with conductive FTO, ITO, or the like, and the distribution of the microcircuits on the total bottom transparent electrode needs to be implemented according to a preset structure.
S102: processing a plurality of first scribed lines on the total bottom transparent electrode;
the first scribed lines are of a plane type integral penetrating arrangement structure, and the total bottom transparent electrode is divided into a plurality of bottom transparent electrodes by the first scribed lines.
The first scribe line may be processed by laser scribing.
S103: processing a total first carrier transmission layer on the total bottom transparent electrode;
specifically, the total first carrier transport layer may be prepared by spin coating, vacuum evaporation or magnetron sputtering, and the processing material of the total first carrier transport layer may be the material of the first carrier transport layer described above; specifically, the total first carrier transport layer needs to fill the first scribe line, and the top surface of the total first carrier transport layer needs to be kept in a plane.
S104: processing a total perovskite active layer on the total first carrier transmission layer;
specifically, the total perovskite active layer can be prepared by methods such as spin coating, spray coating, ink jet, coating, blade coating, screen printing and the like, and the preparation material can be the perovskite active layer material.
S105: processing a total second carrier transmission layer on the total perovskite active layer;
specifically, the total second carrier transport layer may be prepared by spin coating, vacuum evaporation or magnetron sputtering, and the processing material of the total second carrier transport layer may be the second carrier transport layer material described above.
S106: processing a plurality of second scribed lines on the total second carrier transmission layer, the total perovskite active layer and the total first carrier transmission layer;
specifically, the second scribed line is arranged in a plane type and integrally penetrated mode, and the second scribed line can be machined by means of laser scribing and the like.
S107: processing a total metal layer on the total second carrier transmission layer;
specifically, the total metal layer can be prepared by a vacuum evaporation or magnetron sputtering method, and if the structure of the total metal layer is a nanowire structure or a nanodot structure, the total metal layer can be prepared by a solution method; specifically, due to the limitation of the forming process, the total metal layer is only covered with a layer of very thin structure in the corresponding area, and correspondingly, the inner wall of the second scribe line is covered with the material of the total metal layer.
S108: processing a total top transparent electrode on the total metal layer;
specifically, since the total top transparent electrode is located at the top, it is not suitable to directly use the structure of the total bottom transparent electrode, therefore, the total top transparent electrode can be prepared by magnetron sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, vacuum reactive evaporation or pulsed laser deposition. Due to the existence of the metal layer, the processing of the total top transparent electrode does not influence the structure below the metal layer.
S109: and processing a plurality of third scribed lines on the total top transparent electrode, the total metal layer, the total second carrier transmission layer, the total perovskite active layer and the total first carrier transmission layer.
Specifically, the third scribe line is integrally arranged in a penetrating manner in a planar manner, and separates the total top transparent electrode, the total metal layer, the total second carrier transmission layer, the total perovskite active layer and the total first carrier transmission layer into independent structures, namely separates the top transparent electrode, the metal layer, the second carrier transmission layer, the perovskite active layer and the first carrier transmission layer of two adjacent perovskite solar cells, so as to avoid short circuit.
By integrating the three embodiments, the embodiment of the utility model provides the perovskite solar cell, and the characteristic that the metal material has better contact compatibility with the top transparent electrode and the second carrier transport layer respectively is utilized through the arrangement of the metal layer, so that the contact resistance between the top transparent electrode and the second carrier transport layer is reduced, the energy loss caused by the contact resistance is reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell is improved. Meanwhile, the top transparent electrode is processed after the metal layer is arranged, so that the second carrier transmission layer and the perovskite active layer below the metal layer can be prevented from being damaged by processing the top transparent electrode, and the production yield and the service life of the product are ensured; the embodiment of the utility model also provides a perovskite solar cell module, wherein the electrical connection structure of the perovskite solar cell in the perovskite solar cell module can be integrally manufactured in the preparation process, and the perovskite solar cell module has a more compact structure by combining the characteristics of the processing sequence of each layer structure in the perovskite solar cell; the embodiment of the utility model also provides a perovskite solar cell module processing method, which combines the forming sequence and the forming process characteristics of the more hierarchical structure of the perovskite solar cell module to produce the perovskite solar cell module meeting the structural requirements and has good processing convenience.
The above embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, and the principle and the implementation manner of the present invention should be described herein by using specific embodiments, and the above description of the embodiments is only used to help understanding the method of the present invention and the core idea thereof; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The perovskite solar cell is characterized by comprising a bottom transparent electrode, a first carrier transmission layer, a perovskite active layer, a second carrier transmission layer, a metal layer and a top transparent electrode which are sequentially stacked;
one of the first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer is an electron transport layer, and the other of the first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer is a hole transport layer.
2. The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the top transparent electrode has a thickness in a range of [20nm,300nm ].
3. The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the metallic layer ranges from (0nm,10 nm).
4. The perovskite solar cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metal layer is a conductive nanowire structure or a conductive nanodot structure.
5. The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first carrier transport layer ranges from [5nm,50nm ].
6. The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the second carrier transport layer ranges from [5nm,50nm ].
7. The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the perovskite active layer is in a range of [100nm,1000nm ].
8. The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the bottom transparent electrode is in a range of [30nm,300nm ].
9. The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the bottom transparent electrode is a conductive glass and/or the top transparent electrode is a conductive glass.
10. A perovskite solar cell module comprising two or more perovskite solar cells according to any one of claims 1 to 9;
all the perovskite solar cells are arranged in sequence;
any two adjacent perovskite solar cells in all the perovskite solar cells are electrically connected;
the electrical connection mode of any two adjacent perovskite solar cells in all the perovskite solar cells is as follows: the top transparent electrode of one perovskite solar cell is electrically connected with the bottom transparent electrode of the other perovskite solar cell.
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