CN216513394U - High-salt-content sludge cracking treatment device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a high-salt-content sludge cracking treatment device, which adopts slag material backflow to pretreat high-salt oil-content sludge, ensures the stability of a cracking heat transfer and discharging system, adopts cracked high-temperature slag material as backflow slag material, recovers waste heat, heats and softens oil sludge, and makes the sludge more easily and completely mixed with the slag material; meanwhile, the high-salt oily sludge is treated by the primary cracking machine and the secondary cracking machine, the primary cracking temperature is controlled below 500 ℃, the organic matter is completely cracked and carbonized, and meanwhile, the salt does not generate a molten state, so that the operation of a material discharge system is reduced; a secondary cracking process is added on the basis of primary evaporation cracking, a secondary cracking heating body is a high-temperature heat pipe with the temperature of 1000 ℃, a high-temperature thermal field is formed around the secondary cracking heating body, organic matters are cracked and react with steam in sludge to generate combustible substances, mainly hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and the like, and the combustible substances enter a combustor through separation and purification to realize harmlessness and provide energy for cracking equipment.

Description

High-salt-content sludge cracking treatment device

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of oily sludge treatment, and particularly relates to a high-salt-content sludge cracking treatment device.

Background

The high-salt oily sludge (hereinafter referred to as waste salt) is mainly produced in industrial production processes of pesticide intermediates, drug synthesis, petroleum refining, printing and dyeing and the like, and processes of solid-liquid separation, solution concentration crystallization, sewage treatment and the like, and has the characteristics of various types, complex components, numerous sources, high treatment cost, great environmental hazard and the like. In 2016, the national records of hazardous wastes officially list the residues of distillation and reaction, mother liquid wastes, waste liquid wastes from reactor and container cleaning, etc. in various production processes. In recent years, the production of waste salt in China is increasing continuously, and the annual production is estimated to exceed 500 million tons, wherein the pesticide accounts for 30 percent, the fine chemical industry accounts for 15 percent, the medicine accounts for 10 percent, and the others account for 45 percent. At present, waste salt is generally treated by means of centralized temporary storage of enterprise warehouses, but how to carry out thorough harmless recycling treatment and disposal becomes a practical problem to be solved urgently, and the method is widely concerned in various social circles.

The existing tail end treatment technology of waste salt mainly comprises landfill, incineration and harmless comprehensive utilization, wherein the landfill is to carry out sanitary landfill treatment on the waste salt after the waste salt is solidified by concrete and the like and then sent into a rigid landfill according to landfill technical specifications. The incineration is that the waste salt is heated to 1100 deg.C, the inorganic salt is melted and flowed into furnace bottom, and after cooling, it can be recovered, and the organic material can be volatilized and decomposed at high temp. Because the melting point interval of the waste salt has large fluctuation, adverse phenomena such as slag bonding, caking and the like are easy to occur in the incineration treatment process, and the process stability is influenced. Some coastal countries adopt waste salt harmless treatment and pour the waste salt into the ocean after pouring, but most areas in China do not have implementation conditions. Under the background, the harmless recycling comprehensive utilization of the waste salt becomes a necessary outlet of the waste salt, and the factor for restricting the large-scale recycling development is mainly the removal of organic matters in the waste salt.

In the traditional high-salt oily sludge treatment technology, a thermal desorption method has the advantages of obvious volume reduction effect, capability of recovering crude oil and solidifying heavy metal pollution and the like, but due to the technical problems of equipment structure and heating mode, at present, only high-salt oily sludge which is pretreated and contains high content of low-component oil substances, no or less heavy components, water and heavy metals can be treated, and the oil content of the treated oily sludge residue is high, and other modes are required for synergistic treatment.

The organic matter content of the residue after the treatment by the process is low, and the valuable salts can be recovered by washing and dissolving the salts in the residue with water and evaporating and crystallizing, so that the residue is changed into solid waste, and the aim of recycling is fulfilled.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

Aiming at the problems, the utility model provides a high-salt sludge cracking treatment device, which comprises: the device comprises a material distribution mechanism, a cracking mechanism, a separation mechanism and a purification mechanism, wherein the material distribution mechanism is connected with the cracking mechanism, the separation mechanism is communicated with the cracking mechanism, and the purification mechanism is communicated with the separation mechanism;

the cracking mechanism comprises a primary cracking machine, a secondary cracking machine and a radiation heating pipe, wherein the primary cracking machine is communicated with the secondary cracking machine, the radiation heating pipe is arranged in each of the primary cracking machine and the secondary cracking machine, a burner is arranged in each radiation heating pipe, and the part, which is not in contact with materials, in the cracking mechanism is cast by acid-base-resistant high-temperature casting materials;

the primary cracking machine is used for carrying out primary cracking on the high-salt oily sludge, cracking, evaporating and carbonizing organic matters in the high-salt oily sludge to form carbonized slag materials and form mixed steam;

and the secondary cracking machine is used for carrying out secondary cracking on the mixed steam formed after the primary cracking to obtain the combustible low-molecular substance.

Furthermore, a sludge propeller is arranged on one side of the primary cracking machine close to the distributing mechanism, and a slag discharger is arranged on one side opposite to the sludge propeller.

Further, be provided with the clean sprayer of pipeline on the second grade pyrolysis unit, the clean sprayer of pipeline with separating mechanism is linked together, separating mechanism includes: oil-gas-water purification separator and oil-water separator.

Further, oil gas water purification separator respectively with the clean sprayer of pipeline with oil water separator is linked together, oil water separator still through heat exchanger with oil gas water purification separator circulation intercommunication.

Further, the oil gas water purification separator separates out non-condensable gas and lets in purification mechanism, purification mechanism includes: the device comprises a first purification tank, a second purification tank and a pyrolysis gas constant-pressure storage cabinet;

and the non-condensed gas sequentially passes through the first purification tank and the second purification tank and enters the pyrolysis gas constant-pressure storage cabinet through the gas compressor.

Further, connect slag charge spiral and fin forced air cooling spiral on the ware of slagging tap, the ware of slagging tap passes through slag charge spiral is linked together with the preliminary treatment blender, the ware of slagging tap passes through fin forced air cooling screwed connection dry slag feed bin.

Further, the device also comprises a tearing machine, the high-salt oily sludge is treated by the tearing machine, the torn high-salt oily sludge and part of slag are mixed by the pretreatment mixer, and the mixed high-salt oily sludge enters the material distribution mechanism through a feeding screw.

Further, be provided with the VOC draught fan in the device, be provided with centrifugal blower on the fin air-cooled spiral, the VOC draught fan with centrifugal blower is linked together.

Further, VOC passes through the VOC induced draft fan, the centrifugal blower and the fin air-cooled spiral inlet burner in sequence.

Further, the pyrolysis gas constant-pressure storage cabinet is communicated with the combustor.

According to the high-salt sludge cracking treatment device, the high-salt oil-containing sludge is pretreated by adopting slag material backflow, so that the cracking heat transfer and discharging system stability is ensured, the backflow slag material adopts cracked high-temperature slag material, the waste heat is recovered, the oil sludge is heated and softened, and the sludge is easier to be completely mixed with the slag material; meanwhile, the high-salt oily sludge is treated by the primary cracking machine and the secondary cracking machine, the primary cracking temperature is controlled below 500 ℃, the organic matter is completely cracked and carbonized, and meanwhile, the salt does not generate a molten state, so that the operation of a material discharge system is reduced; a secondary cracking process is added on the basis of primary evaporation cracking, a secondary cracking heating body is a high-temperature heat pipe with the temperature of 1000 ℃, a high-temperature thermal field is formed around the secondary cracking heating body, organic matters are cracked and react with vapor in sludge to generate combustible substances, mainly hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and the like, and the combustible substances are separated and purified to enter a combustor to realize harmlessness and provide energy for cracking equipment; meanwhile, the organic matter content of the treated residue is low, and the salt in the residue can be dissolved through water washing, and the valuable salt can be recovered through evaporation and crystallization, so that the residue is changed into solid waste, and the purpose of resource utilization is achieved.

Additional features and advantages of the utility model will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the utility model. The objectives and other advantages of the utility model will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a high-salt-content sludge cracking treatment device in an embodiment of the utility model;

FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of portion A of the cracking mechanism of FIG. 1;

fig. 3 shows an enlarged view of a separating mechanism in a portion B of fig. 1.

In the figure, 1-high salt oil-containing sludge, 2-tearing machine, 3-pretreatment mixer, 4-feeding screw, 5-distributing mechanism, 6-sludge propeller, 7-primary cracking machine, 8-burner, 9-secondary cracking machine, 10-radiant heating pipe, 11-slag discharger, 12-pipeline cleaning ejector, 13-fin air cooling screw, 14-slag discharge screw, 15-dry slag bin, 16-centrifugal blower, 17-second purifying tank, 18-gas compressor, 19-cracking gas constant pressure storage cabinet, 20-first purifying tank, 21-recovered oil storage tank, 22-VOC induced draft fan, 23-oil gas water purification separator, 24-first circulating water pump, 25-oil-water separator, 26-heat exchanger, 27-cooling tower, 28-second circulating water pump.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The chemical properties of the high-salt oily sludge organic matters are not essentially different from those of common oily sludge organic matters, and only the salt content is different. Due to the fact that the salt content is high, physical changes of corrosivity of hot cracking process equipment and salt content in an ultrahigh temperature state are caused, the corrosion resistance of the equipment is optimized, corrosion-resistant materials are selected, the cracking temperature is controlled, the design process is optimized, cracking treatment of high-salt oil-containing sludge is achieved on the basis of the existing oil sludge cracking equipment, and the high-salt oil-containing sludge is treated from the perspective of an oil-containing sludge treatment device regardless of the fact that the technology and practical engineering application are completely feasible.

Because the organic matter of the high-salt oil-containing sludge is complex in composition, is solid under the low-temperature condition, is liquid under the condition of 100 ℃, is easy to flow in the cracking process, is easy to hang and coke into blocks when being contacted with equipment, and influences the cracking heat transfer and the stability of a discharging system, the problem can be effectively solved by adopting slag material backflow or slag ash doping according to experiments, the backflow slag material adopts high-temperature slag material after cracking, thereby not only recovering waste heat, but also heating and softening the oil sludge, and leading the sludge to be easier to be completely mixed with the slag material. The high-temperature slag and the sludge are mixed, wrapped and isolated, and cannot form a molten flow state in the heating process. The mixed material and the block-shaped material are uniformly crushed and enter a cracking device. In the embodiment of the utility model, the pretreatment mixer 3 is arranged to mix the high-salt oil-containing sludge and the slag charge.

The temperature of the first-level cracking is controlled to be below 500 ℃, the organic matters are completely cracked and carbonized, and meanwhile, salts do not generate a molten state, so that the operation of a material discharge system is reduced.

The high-salt oil-containing sludge organic matter has complexity, part of the high-salt oil-containing sludge organic matter contains toxic pathogenic substances, the organic matter is carbonized in the cracking process and is also subjected to an evaporation decomposition process, new pollution can be generated due to the fact that the part of the substances cannot be effectively removed and recovered, the high-salt oil-containing sludge cracking temperature is required to be below the melting point of salt, otherwise, a molten state can be formed in cracking equipment, the operation of the equipment is influenced, the temperature is generally controlled to be below 500 ℃, the organic matter cannot be completely decomposed and harmless under the temperature condition, particularly, the high-salt oil sludge generally contains a benzene ring structure and can be completely decomposed at 800 ℃, part of the organic matter has water solubility and the molecular structure is not completely destroyed, and in the subsequent treatment process, the organic matter is mixed with pipeline jet cleaning water to form pollutants, and enters a sewage treatment process to become a new pollution source. According to the particularity of the high-salt oil-containing sludge, a secondary cracking process is added on the basis of primary evaporation cracking, a secondary cracking heating body is a high-temperature heat pipe with the temperature of 1000 ℃, a high-temperature thermal field is formed around the secondary cracking heating body, organic matters are cracked and react with steam in the sludge to generate combustible substances, mainly hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and the like, and the combustible substances are separated and purified to enter a combustor to realize harmlessness and provide energy for cracking equipment.

Meanwhile, the device also adopts the following mode aiming at the corrosion problem generated in the cracking process of the high-salt oil-containing sludge:

adding a part of lime into the acid sludge for neutralization treatment;

the part of the cracking equipment, which is not in contact with the materials, is cast by acid and alkali resistant high-temperature casting materials;

the part in the equipment, which is in contact with the material, moves by adopting a ceramic and high-temperature alloy composite material, so that the high-temperature wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the equipment are improved;

the heating part is made of alloy material and is sprayed with amorphous material.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a high-salt-content sludge cracking treatment device in an embodiment of the utility model, and in fig. 1, the device comprises: a material distribution mechanism, a cracking mechanism (A in figure 1), a separation mechanism (B in figure 1) and a purification mechanism;

wherein, fig. 2 shows an enlarged view of a part a of the cracking mechanism in fig. 1, the cracking mechanism comprises a primary cracking machine 7, a secondary cracking machine 9 and a radiant heating pipe 10, the primary cracking machine 7 is communicated with the secondary cracking machine 9, the radiant heating pipe 10 is arranged in both the primary cracking machine 7 and the secondary cracking machine 9 of 9, and a burner 8 is arranged in the radiant heating pipe 10; one side of the first-level cracking machine 7 close to the distributing mechanism is provided with a sludge propeller 6, and the side opposite to the sludge propeller 6 is provided with a slag discharger 11. The slag discharger 11 is connected with a slag screw 14 and a fin air cooling screw 13, the slag discharger 11 is communicated with the pretreatment mixer 3 through the slag screw 14, and the slag discharger 11 is connected with a dry slag bin 15 through the fin air cooling screw 13; the high-salt oily sludge is sequentially treated by a tearing machine 2, the torn high-salt oily sludge and part of slag are mixed by a pretreatment mixer 3, and the mixed high-salt oily sludge enters a material distribution mechanism through a feeding screw 4.

Specifically, high-salt oily sludge 1 is crushed into sludge blocks with the diameter less than 30mm by a tearing machine 2 and enters a sludge pretreatment mixer 3, the sludge and return slag are uniformly mixed in the pretreatment mixer 3 and then are conveyed to a distributing mechanism 5 by a feeding screw 4, oily sludge oil is uniformly conveyed to a first-stage cracking machine 7 by the distributing mechanism 5, and a sludge propeller 6 pushes the sludge to advance and continuously renews the surface. Natural gas is combusted through a combustor 8 to heat a radiation heating pipe 10, the radiation heating pipe 10 generates radiation heat to carry out radiation heating on oil sludge, the temperature of a cracking machine 7 is controlled below 500 ℃, organic matters in the oil sludge are cracked, evaporated and carbonized to form carbonized slag, and the purpose of harmlessness of the organic matters is achieved. Organic matters and water in the oil sludge are cracked and evaporated in the primary cracking machine 7 to form mixed steam, the mixed steam enters the secondary cracking machine 9 to be further heated for cracking reaction, and the mixed steam is decomposed into combustible low-molecular substances under the action of a thermal field around the radiant heating pipe 10, so that energy recovery is facilitated.

Specifically, carbonized slag is separated out of a primary cracking machine 7 through a slag discharger 11, part of the slag flows back to the pretreatment mixer 3 through a heat-insulating slag screw 14 to be mixed with newly-entered high-salt oily sludge, and part of the carbonized slag enters a dry slag bin 15 after being cooled through a fin air-cooling screw 13.

Fig. 3 shows an enlarged view of a separating mechanism B in fig. 1, in fig. 3, a pipe cleaning injector 12 is arranged on the secondary cracking machine 9, the pipe cleaning injector 12 is communicated with the separating mechanism, and the separating mechanism comprises: an oil-gas-water purification separator 23 and an oil-water separator 25; the oil-gas-water purification separator 23 is respectively communicated with the pipeline cleaning ejector 12 and the oil-water separator 25, and the oil-water separator 25 is also communicated with the oil-gas-water purification separator 23 in a circulating way through a heat exchanger 26.

Specifically, mixed steam in the secondary cracking machine 9 is led out through the pipeline cleaning ejector 12, cooled and cleaned under the action of circulating water, and then enters the oil-gas water purification separator 23 to perform oil-gas-liquid two-phase separation. And under the action of the first circulating water pump 24, part of the separated oil-water liquid substance circulates to the pipeline cleaning injector 12, and part of the oil-water liquid substance enters the oil-water separator 25 to be subjected to oil-water separation. The separated oil enters a recovered oil storage tank 21 for storage. The separated water enters a sewage treatment plant for treatment, and the separated water enters an oil-gas-water purification separator 23 for recycling after being cooled by a heat exchanger 26. The heat-exchange water of the heat exchanger 26 is cooled by a cooling tower 27 and then is recycled under the action of a second circulating water pump 28.

In fig. 1, the oil-gas-water purification separator 23 separates non-condensed gas and is communicated with a purification mechanism, and the purification mechanism comprises: a first purification tank 20, a second purification tank 17 and a pyrolysis gas constant-pressure storage cabinet 19; the non-condensed gas sequentially passes through the first purification tank 20 and the second purification tank 17 and enters the pyrolysis gas constant pressure storage cabinet 19 through the gas compressor 18, the pyrolysis gas constant pressure storage cabinet 19 is communicated with the combustor 8, and the pyrolysis gas constant pressure storage cabinet 19 is communicated with the combustor 8.

Specifically, the non-condensed gas separated by the oil-gas-water purification separator 23 is purified by the secondary purification tank 17, then sent to the pyrolysis gas constant pressure storage cabinet 19 by the gas compressor 18, and then mixed with natural gas after purification, and finally discharged after reaching the standard after being combusted in the combustor 8.

Specifically, a VOC induced draft fan 22 (VOC: volatile organic compound) is arranged in the device, a centrifugal blower 16 is arranged on the fin air-cooled screw 13, the VOC induced draft fan 22 is communicated with the centrifugal blower 16, and the VOC sequentially passes through the VOC induced draft fan 22, the centrifugal blower 16 and the fin air-cooled screw 13 and enters the burner 8.

Specifically, the VOC of the oil-water separator 25, the sludge pretreatment mixer 3 and the workshop are pumped by a VOC draught fan 22 and then sent to a centrifugal blower 16 of a combustor 8, and then sent to the combustor 8 for combustion by the centrifugal blower 16, wherein the combustion temperature reaches 1400 ℃, so that harmless treatment is realized; the centrifugal blower 16 pressurizes air and sends the air into the fin air-cooled screw 13 to cool the carbonized slag material, and the heated air is sent into the combustor 8 for use.

According to the high-salt sludge cracking treatment device, the high-salt oil-containing sludge is pretreated by adopting slag material backflow, so that the cracking heat transfer and discharging system stability is ensured, the backflow slag material adopts cracked high-temperature slag material, the waste heat is recovered, the oil sludge is heated and softened, and the sludge is easier to be completely mixed with the slag material; meanwhile, the first-stage cracking temperature is controlled below 500 ℃ through the first-stage cracking machine and the second-stage cracking machine, the organic matters are completely cracked and carbonized, and meanwhile, salts do not generate a molten state, so that the operation of a material discharge system is reduced; a secondary cracking process is added on the basis of primary evaporation cracking, a secondary cracking heating body is a high-temperature heat pipe with the temperature of 1000 ℃, a high-temperature thermal field is formed around the secondary cracking heating body, organic matters are cracked and react with steam in sludge to generate combustible substances, mainly hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and the like, and the combustible substances enter a combustor through separation and purification to realize harmlessness and provide energy for cracking equipment.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a high salt sludge pyrolysis treatment device, its characterized in that, the device includes: the device comprises a material distribution mechanism, a cracking mechanism, a separation mechanism and a purification mechanism, wherein the material distribution mechanism is connected with the cracking mechanism, the separation mechanism is communicated with the cracking mechanism, and the purification mechanism is communicated with the separation mechanism;

the cracking mechanism comprises a primary cracking machine, a secondary cracking machine and a radiation heating pipe, wherein the primary cracking machine is communicated with the secondary cracking machine, the radiation heating pipe is arranged in each of the primary cracking machine and the secondary cracking machine, a burner is arranged in each radiation heating pipe, and the part, which is not in contact with materials, in the cracking mechanism is cast by acid-base-resistant high-temperature casting materials;

the primary cracking machine is used for carrying out primary cracking on the high-salt oily sludge, cracking, evaporating and carbonizing organic matters in the high-salt oily sludge to form carbonized slag materials and form mixed steam;

and the secondary cracking machine is used for carrying out secondary cracking on the mixed steam formed after the primary cracking to obtain the combustible low-molecular substance.

2. The device for cracking and treating the sludge with high salt content according to claim 1, wherein a sludge propeller is arranged on one side of the primary cracking machine close to the distributing mechanism, and a slag discharger is arranged on the side opposite to the sludge propeller.

3. The high-salt-content sludge pyrolysis treatment device according to claim 1, wherein a pipe cleaning ejector is arranged on the secondary cracking machine, the pipe cleaning ejector is communicated with the separation mechanism, and the separation mechanism comprises: oil-gas-water purification separator and oil-water separator.

4. The high-salt-content sludge pyrolysis treatment device according to claim 3, wherein the oil-gas water purification separator is respectively communicated with the pipeline cleaning injector and the oil-water separator, and the oil-water separator is also in circulating communication with the oil-gas water purification separator through a heat exchanger.

5. The high-salinity sludge pyrolysis treatment device according to claim 4, wherein the oil-gas water purification separator separates out non-condensed gas and feeds the non-condensed gas into the purification mechanism, and the purification mechanism comprises: the device comprises a first purification tank, a second purification tank and a pyrolysis gas constant-pressure storage cabinet;

and the non-condensed gas sequentially passes through the first purification tank and the second purification tank and enters the pyrolysis gas constant-pressure storage cabinet through the gas compressor.

6. The device for cracking and treating the sludge with high salt content according to claim 2, wherein the slag discharger is connected with a slag screw and a fin air-cooling screw, the slag discharger is communicated with the pretreatment mixer through the slag screw, and the slag discharger is connected with a dry slag bin through the fin air-cooling screw.

7. The device for cracking and treating the sludge with high salt content according to claim 6, further comprising a tearing machine, wherein the sludge with high salt content is treated by the tearing machine, the torn sludge with high salt content and part of slag are mixed by the pretreatment mixer, and the mixed sludge with high salt content enters the distributing mechanism through a feeding screw.

8. The device for cracking and treating sludge with high salt content according to claim 6, wherein a VOC induced draft fan is arranged in the device, a centrifugal blower is arranged on the fin air-cooled spiral, and the VOC induced draft fan is communicated with the centrifugal blower.

9. The device for cracking and treating sludge with high salt content according to claim 8, wherein VOC enters the combustor through the VOC induced draft fan, the centrifugal blower and the fin air-cooled screw in sequence.

10. The device for sludge pyrolysis treatment with high salt content as claimed in claim 5, wherein the pyrolysis gas constant pressure storage cabinet is communicated with the burner.

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