CN216435941U

CN216435941U - Fuel cell anode hydrogen circulation system

Info

Publication number: CN216435941U
Application number: CN202023080153.1U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李昌泉; 郝义国; 胡帅
Original assignee: Wuhan Grove Hydrogen Energy Automobile Co Ltd
Current assignee: Wuhan Grove Hydrogen Energy Automobile Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-18
Filing date: 2020-12-18
Publication date: 2022-05-03
Anticipated expiration: 2030-12-18

Abstract

The utility model provides a fuel cell anode hydrogen circulation system, which comprises a hydrogen tank, an ejector, a fuel cell and a buffer tank, wherein the hydrogen tank, the ejector, the fuel cell and the buffer tank are sequentially connected through a hydrogen pipe, a first electromagnetic valve is arranged on the hydrogen pipe between the hydrogen tank and the ejector, a hydrogen branch pipe is also arranged between the buffer tank and the ejector, and two ends of the hydrogen branch pipe are respectively connected with the buffer tank and the ejector, and the fuel cell anode hydrogen circulation system has the beneficial effects that: the ejector of the hydrogen circulation system can suck the hydrogen stored in the buffer tank and input the hydrogen into the fuel cell again, so that the waste of the hydrogen is reduced.

Description

Fuel cell anode hydrogen circulation system

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of fuel cell hydrogen energy automobiles, in particular to a fuel cell anode hydrogen circulation system.

Background

The fuel cell hydrogen energy automobile (hereinafter referred to as hydrogen energy automobile) has wide application prospect in the aspect of replacing an internal combustion engine due to the advantages of high efficiency, high energy density, no pollution emission and the like. The fuel cell system of the hydrogen energy automobile mainly comprises an anode hydrogen supply system, a cathode air supply system and a cooling system, wherein the anode hydrogen supply system is used for supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell of the hydrogen energy automobile so that the hydrogen reacts with oxygen in air supplied by the cathode air supply system in the fuel cell, the anode hydrogen supply system is vital to the normal operation of the fuel cell system, excessive hydrogen is usually input into the fuel cell by the anode hydrogen supply system during air supply, part of residual hydrogen carries water vapor generated in the reaction process when the excessive hydrogen is input by the anode hydrogen supply system, and the residual hydrogen generated in the reaction can cause the waste of hydrogen energy and reduce the utilization rate of the hydrogen energy automobile if the residual hydrogen is directly discharged, so that the hydrogen supply system which can repeatedly utilize the hydrogen discharged from the fuel cell is needed to reduce the waste of the hydrogen energy, the utilization rate of the hydrogen energy automobile to the hydrogen is improved.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In view of the above, the present invention provides a fuel cell anode hydrogen circulation system, which includes a hydrogen tank, an injector, a fuel cell and a buffer tank, wherein the hydrogen tank, the injector, the fuel cell and the buffer tank are sequentially connected through a hydrogen pipe, a first electromagnetic valve is disposed on the hydrogen pipe between the hydrogen tank and the injector, a hydrogen branch pipe is further disposed between the buffer tank and the injector, two ends of the hydrogen branch pipe are respectively connected to the buffer tank and the injector, the buffer tank is configured to temporarily store residual hydrogen from a reaction and liquid water formed by condensation of water vapor generated from the reaction, and the injector is configured to suck the hydrogen stored in the buffer tank and input the hydrogen into the fuel cell.

Further, the ejector comprises a suction chamber and a mixing chamber, a primary fluid inlet and a secondary fluid inlet are formed in the suction chamber, the primary fluid inlet and the mixing chamber are both connected with the hydrogen pipe, and the secondary fluid inlet is connected with the hydrogen branch pipe.

Furthermore, a first electromagnetic valve and a first flow sensor are arranged on a hydrogen pipe between the hydrogen tank and the ejector, and a second flow sensor is arranged on a hydrogen pipe between the ejector and the fuel cell.

Further, a resistance sensor is further arranged in the fuel cell, a second electromagnetic valve is arranged on the drain pipe, and the resistance sensor is used for detecting the internal resistance of the fuel cell so as to judge the humidity of the fuel cell.

Further, the hydrogen circulation system also comprises a controller, the controller is respectively connected with the first electromagnetic valve, the second electromagnetic valve, the first flow sensor and the second flow sensor through leads, and the controller is also connected with an accelerator pedal sensor of the hydrogen energy automobile through leads.

The fuel cell anode hydrogen circulation system has the beneficial effects that: the hydrogen circulating system can suck the hydrogen stored in the buffer tank through the ejector through the hydrogen branch pipe and input the hydrogen into the fuel cell again, so that the hydrogen which does not participate in the reaction in the fuel cell is fully utilized, and meanwhile, the humidity in the fuel cell is adjusted.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an anode hydrogen circulation system of a fuel cell according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a structural view of the ejector 4 in fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a graph showing the flow characteristics of the fluid in the ejector 4.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of pulse-type gas supply for controlling the anode hydrogen circulation system of a fuel cell according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a flow chart showing the flow of the supplied gas in a continuous manner in a control method of the anode hydrogen circulation system of the fuel cell.

In the above figures: 1-a hydrogen tank, 2-a first electromagnetic valve, 3-a first flow sensor, 4-an ejector, 5-a controller, 6-an accelerator pedal sensor, 7-a second flow sensor, 8-a lead, 9-a fuel cell, 10-a buffer tank, 11-a second electromagnetic valve, 12-a hydrogen pipe, 13-a hydrogen branch pipe, 14-a drain pipe, 41-an intake chamber, 42-a mixing chamber, 43-a primary fluid inlet and 44-a secondary fluid inlet.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a fuel cell anode hydrogen circulation system includes a hydrogen tank 1, an ejector 4, a controller 5, a fuel cell 9, and a buffer tank 10.

Hydrogen tank 1, ejector 4, fuel cell 9 and buffer tank 10 link to each other in proper order through hydrogen pipe 12, be equipped with first solenoid valve 2 and first flow sensor 3 on the hydrogen pipe 13 between hydrogen tank 1 and the ejector 4, ejector 4 with be equipped with second flow sensor 7 between the fuel cell 9, buffer tank 10 with still be equipped with a hydrogen branch pipe 13 between the

ejector

4, 13 both ends of hydrogen branch pipe connect respectively with buffer tank 10 with on the ejector 4 to make the two intercommunication.

The hydrogen tank 1 is used for inputting hydrogen into the fuel cell 9 through a hydrogen pipe 12, the fuel cell 9 is also connected with a cathode air supply system for providing air, the hydrogen reacts with oxygen of the air provided by the cathode air supply system in the fuel cell 9 so as to provide electric energy for the hydrogen energy automobile, the hydrogen provided by the hydrogen tank 1 is excessive, the hydrogen which is not completely reacted in the fuel cell 9 carries water vapor generated by the reaction in the fuel cell to flow into the buffer tank 10, and the buffer tank 10 is used for temporarily storing residual hydrogen generated by the reaction and liquid water formed by condensation of the water vapor generated by the reaction.

The ejector 4 comprises an intake chamber 41 and a mixing chamber 42, a primary fluid inlet 43 and a secondary fluid inlet 44 are arranged on the intake chamber 41, the primary fluid inlet 43 and the mixing chamber 42 are both connected with the hydrogen pipe 12, the secondary fluid inlet 44 is connected with the hydrogen branch pipe 13, when the hydrogen pipe 12 introduces hydrogen into the primary fluid inlet, the ejector 4 sucks the hydrogen stored in the buffer tank 10 through the secondary fluid inlet 44, and the hydrogen flowing in from the primary fluid inlet 43 and the secondary fluid inlet 44 is mixed in the mixing chamber 42 and then is input into the fuel cell 9.

The buffer tank 10 is further connected with a drain pipe 14, the drain pipe 14 is provided with a second electromagnetic valve 11, the fuel cell 9 is further internally provided with a resistance sensor, and the resistance sensor is used for detecting the internal resistance of the fuel cell so as to judge the humidity of the fuel cell. The second electromagnetic valve 11 is used for discharging the liquid water in the buffer tank 10 in a periodically opening and closing manner.

The controller 5 is respectively connected with the first electromagnetic valve 2, the second electromagnetic valve 11, the first flow sensor 3 and the second flow sensor 7 through leads 8, the controller 5 is also connected with an accelerator pedal sensor 6 of the hydrogen energy automobile through a lead 8, the controller 5 is used for calculating the hydrogen flow Q required by the fuel cell 9 according to signals collected by the accelerator pedal sensor 6, and adjusting the switch and the opening of the first electromagnetic valve 2 according to flow information collected by the first flow sensor 3 and the second flow sensor 7, so that the hydrogen flow Q1 of the primary fluid inlet 43 is directly controlled, and the hydrogen flow Q2 entering the fuel cell 9 is indirectly controlled. The flow detected by the first flow sensor 3 is the hydrogen flow Q1 of the primary fluid inlet 43, and the flow detected by the second flow sensor 7 is the hydrogen flow Q2 entering the fuel cell 9.

In the hydrogen circulation system, when the load of the hydrogen energy automobile is too small, the hydrogen flow Q is required to be small, and the hydrogen flow Q1 of the primary fluid inlet is correspondingly small, but when the hydrogen flow Q1 of the primary fluid inlet is lower than a certain value, Q0(Q0 is the minimum primary fluid inlet flow rate at which the ejector 4 can suck the hydrogen stored in the buffer tank 10), the ejector 4 cannot suck the hydrogen stored in the buffer tank 10 from the secondary fluid inlet, so that the residual hydrogen stored in the buffer tank 10 cannot be utilized. The utility model discloses a control method of a fuel cell anode hydrogen circulation system, which is used for solving the problem that residual hydrogen stored in a buffer tank cannot be utilized when the load is too small.

The controller 5 is also connected with the resistance sensor in a wireless mode, the resistance sensor is used for transmitting the humidity value in the fuel cell 9 to the controller 5, the controller 5 controls the second electromagnetic valve 11 to discharge liquid water in the buffer tank 10 in a periodic opening and closing mode, if the humidity in the fuel cell 9 is too high, the opening and closing period time of the second electromagnetic valve 11 is shortened, the humidity of hydrogen entering the fuel cell 9 from the buffer tank 10 is reduced, and therefore the humidity in the fuel cell 9 is reduced; if the humidity in the fuel cell 9 is too low, this prolongs the cycle time of opening and closing the second electromagnetic valve 11, so that the humidity of the hydrogen gas entering the fuel cell 9 from the buffer tank 10 is increased, thereby increasing the humidity in the fuel cell 9 and reducing the internal resistance thereof.

The utility model discloses a control method of a fuel cell anode hydrogen circulation system, which comprises the following steps:

(1) the controller calculates the required hydrogen flow Q of the fuel cell 9 according to the accelerator pedal sensor 6;

(2) comparing the Q and the Q0, if the Q is less than or equal to Q0, the controller 5 adopts a pulse form control method to adjust the Q2; if Q is greater than Q0, the controller 5 adjusts the Q2 size using a continuous-form control method.

The method for controlling the actual air supply flow Q2 by the controller 5 in a pulse form includes: the controller 5 controls the first electromagnetic valve 2 to be opened and closed in a pulse mode, so that the primary fluid inlet 43 supplies hydrogen to the ejector 4 in a pulse mode, the instantaneous flow rate of the hydrogen is greater than Q0, meanwhile, the second flow sensor 7 detects the size of the hydrogen flow Q2 entering the fuel cell 9 in real time, and gradually adjusts the interval time T of the hydrogen pulse supplied by the primary fluid inlet until Q2 reaches the hydrogen flow Q required by the fuel cell.

The method for the controller 5 to control the actual supply air flow Q2 in the form of continuous supply is as follows: the controller 5 controls the first battery valve to be opened and controls the opening degree of the first battery valve, so that the primary fluid inlet continuously conveys hydrogen to the ejector 4; meanwhile, the second flow sensor detects the actual air supply flow Q2 in real time; the controller 5 gradually adjusts the magnitude of the opening of the first cell valve to adjust the flow rate Q1 of the primary fluid inlet delivering hydrogen until Q2 reaches the hydrogen flow rate Q required by the fuel cell.

The fuel cell anode hydrogen circulation system has the beneficial effects that: the hydrogen circulation system can suck the hydrogen stored in the buffer tank 10 through the gas-hydrogen branch pipe 13 by the ejector and input the hydrogen into the fuel cell 9 again, so that the hydrogen which does not participate in the reaction in the fuel cell 9 is fully utilized, and the humidity in the fuel cell 9 is adjusted.

In this document, the terms front, back, upper and lower are used to define the components in the drawings and the positions of the components relative to each other, and are used for clarity and convenience of the technical solution. It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims.

The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the utility model, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. A fuel cell anode hydrogen circulation system, characterized by: including hydrogen gas jar, ejector, fuel cell and buffer tank, hydrogen gas jar, ejector, fuel cell and buffer tank link to each other in proper order through the hydrogen pipe, be equipped with first solenoid valve on the hydrogen pipe between hydrogen gas jar and the ejector, the buffer tank with still be equipped with a hydrogen branch pipe between the ejector, the hydrogen branch pipe both ends are connected respectively the buffer tank with the ejector, the buffer tank is used for temporary storage the liquid water that the steam condensation formed of the inside remaining hydrogen of reaction of fuel cell and reaction production, the ejector is arranged in inhaleing the hydrogen of storage in the buffer tank to import it to fuel cell.

2. A fuel cell anode hydrogen circulation system according to claim 1, wherein: the ejector comprises a suction chamber and a mixing chamber, a primary fluid inlet and a secondary fluid inlet are arranged on the suction chamber, the primary fluid inlet and the mixing chamber are both connected with a hydrogen pipe, and the secondary fluid inlet is connected with the hydrogen branch pipe.

3. A fuel cell anode hydrogen circulation system according to claim 2, wherein: a first electromagnetic valve and a first flow sensor are arranged on a hydrogen pipe between the hydrogen tank and the ejector, and a second flow sensor is arranged on a hydrogen pipe between the ejector and the fuel cell.

4. A fuel cell anode hydrogen circulation system according to claim 3, wherein: the fuel cell is also connected with a water discharge pipe.

5. A fuel cell anode hydrogen circulation system according to claim 4, wherein: the fuel cell is characterized in that a resistance sensor is further arranged in the fuel cell, a second electromagnetic valve is arranged on the drain pipe, and the resistance sensor is used for detecting the internal resistance of the fuel cell so as to judge the humidity of the fuel cell.

6. A fuel cell anode hydrogen circulation system according to claim 5, wherein: the hydrogen circulation system also comprises a controller, wherein the controller is respectively connected with the first electromagnetic valve, the second electromagnetic valve, the first flow sensor and the second flow sensor through leads, and the controller is also connected with an accelerator pedal sensor of the hydrogen energy automobile through a lead.