CN216288975U - Conformal omnidirectional antenna of three frequencies - Google Patents
Conformal omnidirectional antenna of three frequencies Download PDFInfo
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- CN216288975U CN216288975U CN202122933029.3U CN202122933029U CN216288975U CN 216288975 U CN216288975 U CN 216288975U CN 202122933029 U CN202122933029 U CN 202122933029U CN 216288975 U CN216288975 U CN 216288975U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a three-frequency conformal omnidirectional antenna, and belongs to the technical field of antennas. The microstrip antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a microstrip feeder line and a radiation unit positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate; the radiating unit is characterized by comprising T-shaped branches, a first rectangular patch etched with a first U-shaped gap and a U-shaped branch etched with a second U-shaped gap which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the top of the rectangular patch is connected with the vertical section of the T-shaped branch; the bottom of the dielectric substrate is provided with a feed port; one end of the microstrip feeder line is connected with the bottom of the rectangle, and the other end of the microstrip feeder line is connected with the feed port; the opening of the U-shaped branch is upward; the lower surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a second rectangular patch, an electric field coupling resonator and a metal floor sequentially from top to bottom. The utility model is suitable for the unmanned aerial vehicle platform and has good horizontal plane omnidirectional radiation characteristic and low cross polarization characteristic.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a three-frequency conformal omnidirectional antenna.
Background
Many rotor unmanned aerial vehicle all communicates with ground control equipment through the monopole antenna of work at single frequency channel of placing in the unmanned aerial vehicle undercarriage, and present electromagnetic environment is complicated, and many rotor unmanned aerial vehicle receives electromagnetic interference easily, in case this communication signal receives the interference, may block the communication between ground control station and the unmanned aerial vehicle, endangers its flight safety. Work in three conformal omnidirectional antenna of three frequency channels of unmanned aerial vehicle communication has multifrequency and omnidirectional characteristic, can reduce that unmanned aerial vehicle receives communication link to disturb and lead to the unsafe risk of flight and guarantee unmanned aerial vehicle's communication quality, and it can be conformal on the unmanned aerial vehicle undercarriage, practices thrift the piggyback space on the unmanned aerial vehicle, consequently has the significance to its research.
A Compact Tri-Band Horizontally Polarized O published by Roc in 2019The mnirectional Antenna for UAV Applications discloses a knife-type horizontally polarized omnidirectional Antenna working in three frequency bands of unmanned aerial vehicle communication, a folding patch is loaded in a metal box with a vertical slot, the first-order and second-order resonance modes of the folding patch are utilized to work in the low-high frequency bands of the unmanned aerial vehicle communication, the slot mode excited by the folding patch generates a medium frequency band of the unmanned aerial vehicle communication, specifically, the medium frequency band can cover three frequency bands of 840MHz-847MHz, 1422MHz-1467MHz and 2270MHz-2531MHz, the three frequency bands have lower cross polarization, the gain change in the horizontal plane is respectively less than 2dB, 3dB and 5dB, the omni-directionality is poor, and the overall size is 0.32 lambda0×0.16λ0×0.08λ0(wherein, λ)0The free-space wavelength corresponding to the antenna at the center resonant frequency of the low frequency band), the size is too large. Therefore, the antenna can be improved in terms of the horizontal omnidirectional radiation characteristic and the degree of miniaturization.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above, the present invention provides a three-frequency conformal omnidirectional antenna. The multi-frequency conformal communication antenna has good horizontal plane omnidirectional radiation characteristic and smaller antenna size, is conformal to the unmanned aerial vehicle platform, and saves the carrying space on the unmanned aerial vehicle.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows:
a three-frequency conformal omnidirectional antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a microstrip feeder line and a radiation unit positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate; the radiation unit comprises T-shaped branches, a first rectangular patch and a U-shaped branch, wherein the T-shaped branches, the first rectangular patch and the U-shaped branch are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the top of the rectangular patch is connected with the vertical section of the T-shaped branch; a feed port is arranged at the bottom of the dielectric substrate; one end of the microstrip feeder line is connected with the bottom of the rectangle, and the other end of the microstrip feeder line is connected with the feed port; the opening of the U-shaped branch is upward;
the lower surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a second rectangular patch, an electric field coupling resonator and a metal floor sequentially from top to bottom; the electric field coupler is positioned on the back of the first rectangular patch; the metal floor is provided with a rectangular gap perpendicular to the microstrip feeder line, and the projection of the upper surface of the metal floor is tightly attached to the U-shaped branch.
Furthermore, the opening of the first U-shaped gap faces upwards, the horizontal section of the first U-shaped gap is tightly attached to the bottom edge of the first rectangular patch, and the vertical section of the first U-shaped gap is tightly attached to the side edge corresponding to the first rectangular patch.
Furthermore, the horizontal section of the second U-shaped gap is positioned on the horizontal section of the U-shaped branch, and the vertical section of the second U-shaped gap is positioned on the vertical section of the corresponding U-shaped branch; the overlapped part of the microstrip feeder line and the U-shaped branch section is provided with a hollow part forming a second U-shaped gap.
Furthermore, the horizontal section of the T-shaped branch is bent downwards and is not in contact with the first rectangular patch.
Further, the electric field coupler comprises a rectangular ring and a T-shaped metal strip positioned in the rectangular ring; the vertical sections of the two T-shaped metal strips are respectively connected with the top edge and the bottom edge of the rectangular ring, the horizontal sections of the two T-shaped metal strips are parallel to the top edge of the rectangular ring, and the two horizontal sections are opposite.
The utility model adopts the technical scheme to produce the beneficial effects that:
the utility model realizes the multi-frequency characteristic by a multi-branch method and a multi-gap method, can work in three frequency bands of unmanned aerial vehicle communication, realizes the miniaturization of an antenna by bending branches, etching gaps and adding an electric field coupling resonator structure, is suitable for an unmanned aerial vehicle platform, and has good horizontal plane omnidirectional radiation characteristic and low cross polarization characteristic.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic bottom view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a rear view of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a simulation result of reflection coefficients in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a xoy plane radiation pattern at a low band center resonance frequency of 842MHz in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a xoy plane radiation pattern at a center resonance frequency 1437MHz of the middle band in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is an xoy plane radiation pattern at a high-band center resonance frequency of 2425MHz in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
The utility model provides a three-frequency conformal omnidirectional antenna, and aims to realize a multi-frequency conformal communication antenna which works in three frequency bands for unmanned aerial vehicle communication, has good horizontal plane omnidirectional radiation characteristics and a small antenna size, is conformal to an unmanned aerial vehicle platform, and saves the carrying space on an unmanned aerial vehicle.
The technical scheme adopted by the utility model comprises a dielectric substrate 1, a microstrip feeder 2, a feed port 3, a radiation unit 4, an electric field coupling resonator 5 positioned on the back of the dielectric substrate, a metal floor 6 positioned on the back of the dielectric substrate and a rectangular patch 7:
the microstrip feeder 2 is positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate and has the whole length of L2Width of W2And one end is connected to the feed port 3.
The feed port 3 is positioned at the front end of the dielectric substrate and feeds power to the radiation unit through the microstrip feed line 2.
The radiating unit 4 comprises a rectangular patch 41 etched with a U-shaped gap 44, a U-shaped branch 42 with a U-shaped gap 45 and a bent T-shaped branch 43 on the feeder line, the rectangular patch 41 is connected with the other end of the feeder line, and the T-shaped branch 43 is connected with the top end part of the rectangular patch 41.
The electric field coupling resonator 5 is located right below the rectangular patch 41, and comprises a rectangular ring 51 and two oppositely-placed T-shaped metal strips 52 located right in the middle of the rectangular ring, wherein the vertical parts of the T-shaped metal strips are connected with the inner part of the rectangular ring.
The metal floor 6 is etched with a rectangular slit 61.
The rectangular patch 7 is positioned on the top of the lower surface of the dielectric substrate.
The dielectric substrate 1 has an overall length L, a width W and a height h.
The length of the radiating unit 4 and the rectangular patch 41 is L3Width of W3And is connected to a feed port 3 through a microstrip feed line 2 to generate resonance. On which a vertical segment is etched with a length Ls1The length of the horizontal segment is Ls2Width of Ws1The U-shaped slot 44 increases the effective path of the antenna surface current, the resonance frequency generated by the rectangular patch 41 moves to a low frequency, and a new current loop is introduced, so that a new resonance point can be introduced into the U-shaped slot 44. The vertical length of the U-shaped branch 42 is L4The length of the horizontal segment is LeWidth of W4The vertical section of the U-shaped slit 45 etched thereon has a length L5The length of the horizontal segment is LeWidth of W5. The branch is located on the microstrip feeder line, so that the extension of a current path is realized, the resonance frequency point generated by the rectangular patch 41 is further reduced, and the U-shaped branch 42 can generate a new resonance frequency point due to the introduction of the additional branch. The length of the portion of the added bent T-shaped branch 43 connected to the top of the rectangular patch 41 is Lt1Width of Wt1The length of the bent horizontal section is Lt2The length of the vertical segment is Lt3Width of WtThe introduction of the T-shaped branch 43 prolongs the current path, so that the low-frequency resonant frequency is reduced, a new degree of freedom is provided for tuning the low-frequency resonant frequency, and the frequency point can be independently adjusted. In order to not increase the whole size of the antenna, bending treatment is carried out, so that a current loop on the surface of the antenna is changed, and an additional frequency point is generated.
The electric field coupling resonator 5 structure pairIn other words, the maximum size of the rectangular ring 51 is L _1 xW _1, the internal size thereof is L _2 xW _2, two T-shaped metal strips 52 are oppositely arranged in the middle of the rectangular ring 51 structure and are spaced at a certain interval, the length of the horizontal section of each T-shaped metal strip 52 is LgAnd width g1, the resonator may be equivalent to a parallel LC resonant tank, the strips on either side may be equivalent to inductors, and the opposing T-shaped strip 52 structure may be equivalent to capacitors. This structure is placed in the dielectric substrate lower surface, is equivalent to giving whole antenna structure parallel interlayer electric capacity for all resonance frequency points shift to the left, further realize the miniaturization of antenna, influence the crooked matching of the resonance frequency point that produces of minor matters simultaneously, reduce its resonance depth, reduce the influence to antenna operating frequency band. By coupling with the upper rectangular patch 41, the electric field coupling resonator 5 also generates a resonance frequency point which is close to the resonance frequency point generated by the U-shaped slit 44 etched on the rectangular patch 41 and can be combined into one frequency band.
The metal floor 6 is of a rectangular structure and has a length Lg1A rectangular slot 61 of width W etched therein, is located on the floor at a distance L from the feed port 3dWhere, length is LSWidth of WSFor improving antenna matching.
The rectangular patch 7 is placed at the uppermost end of the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, and the length of the rectangular patch along the width direction of the dielectric substrate is WrA length L along the longitudinal direction of the dielectric substraterFor improving the impedance matching of the antenna, especially in the low frequency band.
The following is a more specific example 1:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, a three-band conformal omnidirectional antenna applied to unmanned aerial vehicle communication includes a dielectric substrate 1, a microstrip feeder 2, a feed port 3, a radiation unit 4, an electric field coupling resonator 5 located on the back of the dielectric substrate, a metal floor 6 and a rectangular patch 7.
The dielectric substrate 1 is a cuboid F4B with a relative dielectric constant of 2.65 and a loss tangent of 0.003, and has a length of 76mm, a width of 19mm, a thickness of 0.5mm and an overall dimension of 0.21 lambda0×0.05λ0×0.001λ0(wherein, λ)0Is an antenna atThe corresponding free space wavelength at the center resonant frequency of the lower band).
The length of the microstrip feeder line 2 is 33.2mm, and the width is 2 mm.
Referring to fig. 3, the radiating element 4, rectangular patch 41 with a length of 36mm and a width of 13mm, is connected to the feed port 3 through the microstrip feed line 2. The vertical section of the U-shaped slot 44 etched on the U-shaped slot is 32mm in length, the horizontal section is 11.5mm in length and 1mm in width, and the total length of the U-shaped slot is slightly smaller than half of the wavelength of the waveguide corresponding to the central resonance frequency of the communication intermediate frequency band of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The U-shaped branch 42 has a vertical length of 17.5mm, a horizontal length of 17.6mm and a width of 1.25mm, and the U-shaped slit 45 etched thereon has a vertical length of 14mm, a horizontal length of 17.6mm and a width of 0.37mm, and the length thereof is about a half-wavelength physical length at a resonance frequency point of a high frequency. The length of the part, connected with the top of the rectangular patch 41, of the added bent T-shaped branch 43 is 4mm, the width of the part is 3mm, the length of the bent horizontal segment is 17.5mm, the length of the vertical segment is 42mm, and the width of the vertical segment is 1mm, the T-shaped branch 43 is used for providing new freedom degree for tuning of low-frequency resonance frequency, and moving low-frequency resonance frequency points while not changing other frequency points so that the low-frequency resonance frequency points fall in 840 MHz.
Referring to fig. 4, the rectangular ring 51 of the electric field coupling resonator 5 has an outer edge length of 25mm and a width of 17mm, and an inner edge length of 20.1mm and a width of 11.8 mm. Two T-shaped metal strips 52 are oppositely arranged in the middle of the rectangular ring 51 structure, and the horizontal section of the T-shaped metal strips is 9mm in length and 1mm in width.
Referring to fig. 4, the metal floor 6 has a rectangular structure with a length of 10.2mm and a width of 19mm, and a rectangular slit 61 etched therein is located on the floor at a distance of 4.3mm from the feed port 3, and has a length of 9.2mm and a width of 1.2 mm.
Referring to fig. 4, the rectangular patch 7 is placed on the uppermost end of the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, and has a length of 15.2mm along the width direction of the dielectric substrate and a length of 7mm along the length direction of the dielectric substrate.
Through simulation experiments, the technical effects of the utility model are further explained:
simulation conditions and contents: the simulation uses commercial simulation software HFSS _ 19.0;
simulation 4, simulating the xoy plane radiation pattern at the high-band central resonance frequency in embodiment 1 of the present invention, and obtaining a result shown in fig. 8;
and (3) simulation result analysis:
referring to fig. 5, in embodiment 1, the utility model realizes triple-frequency operation, and covers three frequency bands for unmanned aerial vehicle communication, where the specific frequency band ranges are: 827MHz-852MHz, 1385MHz-1466MHz and 2383MHz-2741MHz, and has good impedance matching characteristic.
Referring to fig. 6, in example 1, the xoy-plane omnidirectional radiation characteristic at the central resonance frequency 842MHz in the low frequency band is good, the out-of-roundness is 0.01dB, and the cross polarization level is below-40 dB.
Referring to fig. 7, in example 1, the xoy-plane omnidirectional radiation characteristic at 1437MHz of the central resonance frequency of the intermediate frequency band is good, the out-of-roundness is 0.08dB, and the cross polarization level is below-25 dB.
Referring to fig. 8, in example 1, the utility model has good xoy-plane omnidirectional radiation characteristics at a high-band central resonance frequency of 2425MHz, the out-of-roundness is 0.8dB, and the cross polarization level is below-25 dB.
The simulation results show that the three-frequency-band-based three-plane-based three-direction antenna achieves three-frequency work, covers three frequency bands of unmanned aerial vehicle communication, has good horizontal plane omnidirectional radiation characteristics in the working frequency bands, has gain changes of horizontal plane directional diagrams smaller than 1dB, and has lower cross polarization characteristics.
Claims (5)
1. A three-frequency conformal omnidirectional antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a microstrip feeder line and a radiation unit positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate; the radiation unit is characterized by comprising T-shaped branches, a first rectangular patch etched with a first U-shaped gap and a U-shaped branch etched with a second U-shaped gap which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the top of the rectangular patch is connected with the vertical section of the T-shaped branch; a feed port is arranged at the bottom of the dielectric substrate; one end of the microstrip feeder line is connected with the bottom of the rectangle, and the other end of the microstrip feeder line is connected with the feed port; the opening of the U-shaped branch is upward;
the lower surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a second rectangular patch, an electric field coupling resonator and a metal floor sequentially from top to bottom; the electric field coupler is positioned on the back of the first rectangular patch; the metal floor is provided with a rectangular gap perpendicular to the microstrip feeder line, and the projection of the upper surface of the metal floor is tightly attached to the U-shaped branch.
2. The conformal omnidirectional antenna of claim 1, wherein the first U-shaped slot has an upward opening, a horizontal segment of the first U-shaped slot is attached to a bottom edge of the first rectangular patch, and a vertical segment of the first U-shaped slot is attached to a side edge of the corresponding first rectangular patch.
3. The tri-band conformal omnidirectional antenna defined in claim 1, wherein the horizontal segment of the second U-shaped slot is located on the horizontal segment of a U-shaped stub, and the vertical segment of the second U-shaped slot is located on the vertical segment of the corresponding U-shaped stub; the overlapped part of the microstrip feeder line and the U-shaped branch section is provided with a hollow part forming a second U-shaped gap.
4. The tri-band conformal omni directional antenna according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal segment of the T-shaped stub is bent downward without contacting the first rectangular patch.
5. The tri-band conformal omni directional antenna of claim 1, wherein the electric field coupler comprises a rectangular ring and a T-shaped metal strip inside the rectangular ring; the vertical sections of the two T-shaped metal strips are respectively connected with the top edge and the bottom edge of the rectangular ring, the horizontal sections of the two T-shaped metal strips are parallel to the top edge of the rectangular ring, and the two horizontal sections are opposite.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202122933029.3U CN216288975U (en) | 2021-11-26 | 2021-11-26 | Conformal omnidirectional antenna of three frequencies |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202122933029.3U CN216288975U (en) | 2021-11-26 | 2021-11-26 | Conformal omnidirectional antenna of three frequencies |
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| CN216288975U true CN216288975U (en) | 2022-04-12 |
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| CN202122933029.3U Active CN216288975U (en) | 2021-11-26 | 2021-11-26 | Conformal omnidirectional antenna of three frequencies |
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- 2021-11-26 CN CN202122933029.3U patent/CN216288975U/en active Active
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