CN216269857U

CN216269857U - Methanol reforming hydrogen production fuel cell electric ship capable of safely using hydrogen

Info

Publication number: CN216269857U
Application number: CN202122702730.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 洪正鹏; 李平; 商红岩; 林繁鑫
Original assignee: Beijing Dongfang Hongsheng New Energy Application Technology Research Institute Co ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Dongfang Hongsheng New Energy Application Technology Research Institute Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-11-06
Filing date: 2021-11-06
Publication date: 2022-04-12
Anticipated expiration: 2031-11-06

Abstract

The utility model discloses a safe hydrogen-using methanol reforming hydrogen production fuel cell electric ship.A fuel cabin is arranged on a ship body, a methanol water tank is arranged in the fuel cabin, a methanol reforming hydrogen production system, a fuel cell system, a solid hydrogen storage tank, a storage battery pack and a passive hydrogen elimination recombiner are arranged in a fuel power generation cabin, the methanol water tank is connected with the methanol reforming hydrogen production system, the fuel cell system is respectively connected with the methanol reforming hydrogen production system, the storage battery pack, a driving system and the solid hydrogen storage tank, and the passive hydrogen elimination recombiner is arranged on the wall and the top of the cabin on the periphery in the fuel power generation cabin. The methanol solution and the solid hydrogen storage tank are used for replacing the traditional high-pressure hydrogen storage tank to store hydrogen, so that the hydrogen storage quantity and the safety are improved, and the large electric ship is more suitable for long-distance and long-time running; the passive hydrogen elimination recombiner can eliminate potential safety hazards caused by hydrogen leakage, reduce the hydrogen concentration in the space of the power generation cabin to be lower than the safe concentration level by 4 percent, and realize no danger of ship running.

Description

Methanol reforming hydrogen production fuel cell electric ship capable of safely using hydrogen

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell electric ship for safely reforming hydrogen by using methanol to prepare hydrogen.

Background

At present, most ships use heavy oil (a heavy residual product separated from crude oil after gasoline, kerosene and diesel oil in the petroleum processing process) and LNG (liquefied natural gas) as fuel, so that not only are a large amount of petroleum resources consumed, but also emissions cause serious atmospheric pollution, and meanwhile, LNG filling is mainly divided into three types: the problems of low filling efficiency, low investment operation cost and poor maneuverability exist in different aspects of ship-ship filling, tanker-ship filling and shore station filling.

The ship is a second mobile home for crews, and domestic electricity is mostly from a diesel generator, and is also accompanied by air pollution and loud noise. The fully electric ship adopting a single storage battery or a composite energy source matched with wind and light energy has good environmental protection effect, but has the defects of troublesome charging and difficult electricity storage, and must depend on auxiliary energy sources such as shore power, solar energy and wind energy, and the most important problem is that the low efficiency of the existing storage battery and the low efficiency of a wind and light energy device causes the ship speed and the cruising power to be lower, thereby greatly influencing the practical application field of the electric ship and being difficult to compete with the traditional ship, and the fully electric ship is rarely applied to open water areas at present and is more difficult to be applied to ship long-distance transportation.

Chinese patent document CN 113386936 discloses a modular hydrogen energy ship electric transmission power system and method, which is provided with a methanol reforming hydrogen production module, a fuel cell module, a power motor module and a low-pressure adsorption hydrogen storage module, wherein methanol water reforming hydrogen production heating is adopted, the fuel cell module is used for generating power to drive the power motor to output, and the storage battery module provides supplementary power to satisfy the high-power of ship startup gas discharge. The low-pressure adsorption hydrogen storage module is used for providing hydrogen for the fuel cell module to generate power when the low-pressure adsorption hydrogen storage module is started, the storage battery is used for supplementing power, the low-pressure adsorption hydrogen storage module and the fuel cell module realize the driving of the ship, and the low-pressure adsorption hydrogen storage module is limited in hydrogen storage and is dangerous in a closed power generation cabin, so that the low-pressure adsorption hydrogen storage module is not suitable for long-time long-distance driving of a large ship.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides a methanol reforming hydrogen production fuel cell electric ship which safely uses hydrogen, and aims to solve the problems of high emission pollution, inconvenient filling of LNG power ships, high investment cost and pollution of the traditional heavy oil ships, and the defects of safe hydrogen for sailing, short endurance mileage and incapability of realizing long-distance and long-time operation when the traditional fuel cell drives the ships.

The adopted technical scheme is as follows:

a methanol reforming hydrogen production fuel cell electric ship for safely using hydrogen comprises a ship body, a central display console, a fuel power generation cabin and a driving system, wherein the fuel power generation cabin and the driving system are arranged on a bottom plate of the ship body; the central display console is respectively connected with the methanol water tank, the solid-state hydrogen storage tank, the methanol reforming hydrogen production system, the fuel cell system, the storage battery pack and the driving system through circuits.

Furthermore, a hydrogen content controller and a power controller which are electrically connected with the central display console are also arranged on the ship body, and the hydrogen content controller is respectively electrically connected with the methanol reforming hydrogen production system and stop valves on the solid hydrogen storage tank and is used for controlling the output quantity of hydrogen; the power controller is electrically connected with the storage battery pack, the fuel cell system and the driving system and is used for controlling the output of electric energy.

Further, at least 5 passive hydrogen elimination recombiners are arranged in the fuel power generation cabin and used for automatically reducing the hydrogen concentration in the fuel power generation cabin to be below a safe concentration level of 4%.

The central display console controls the methanol reforming hydrogen production system to start hydrogen production work by controlling the stop valve and the heater, and transmits hydrogen fuel to the fuel cell system through the discharge hole; the heater is used for heating the catalyst in the reaction kettle, and the evaporator is used for evaporating the methanol solution; the storage battery pack is electrically connected with the heater and the evaporator respectively.

Preferably, the battery pack is a nickel-metal hydride battery pack.

Further preferably, the storage battery pack, the fuel cell system and the methanol reforming hydrogen production system are sequentially stacked in the fuel power generation cabin from bottom to top, the solid hydrogen storage tank is arranged on one side of the fuel power generation cabin, which is far away from the driving system, and the methanol water tank is arranged close to the solid hydrogen storage tank.

The storage battery is characterized in that a solid hydrogen storage object and a heating part are arranged in the solid hydrogen storage tank, and the heating part is electrically connected with the storage battery.

Preferably, the driving system comprises a motor and a transmission, is arranged at the stern of the ship body, and is connected with the fuel cell system, the storage battery pack and the power controller.

The fuel cell system and the storage battery pack are electrically connected with various household electric equipment through a main switch, a DC-AC inverter and a plurality of branch switches, and each household electric equipment is correspondingly connected with one branch switch.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for driving a fuel cell electric ship that uses hydrogen safely by reforming methanol to produce hydrogen, the method comprising the steps of:

controlling a power supply of a storage battery pack to be started, and directly supplying electric energy to a driving system to enable a ship to sail;

the storage battery supplies electric energy to a heating part of the solid hydrogen storage tank and a heater of the methanol reforming hydrogen production system, and the solid hydrogen storage tank quickly releases hydrogen and supplies the hydrogen to the fuel cell system for power generation so as to drive the system to supply electric energy;

step three, after the methanol reforming hydrogen production system reaches a preset temperature, hydrogen-rich gas is generated and enters a fuel cell system to generate power for driving the system to generate electric energy;

and step four, automatically adjusting the quality of the hydrogen charging and discharging gas of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank and the charging and discharging power of the storage battery pack by the central display console according to the real-time state of the ship.

The technical scheme of the utility model has the following advantages:

A. the methanol solution and the solid hydrogen storage tank are used for replacing a traditional high-pressure hydrogen storage tank to store hydrogen, so that the safety is improved, and compared with the traditional hydrogen storage tank, the solid hydrogen storage in the solid hydrogen storage tank is safer, has larger hydrogen storage capacity, and is more suitable for large electric ships to run for a longer distance; meanwhile, the passive hydrogen elimination recombiner is arranged in the closed fuel power generation cabin, so that potential safety hazards caused by hydrogen leakage can be eliminated, the hydrogen concentration in the space of the fuel power generation cabin is reduced to be lower than the safe concentration level of 4%, compared with the traditional hydrogen fuel cell, the passive hydrogen elimination recombiner has one more layer of safety guarantee, and the independent application and no danger in the moving space for hydrogen manufacturing, storage, release and transmission are realized.

B. The solid hydrogen storage tank is arranged in the fuel power generation cabin, and when the ship is started, the solid hydrogen storage tank can be heated through the storage battery pack, so that part of hydrogen in the solid hydrogen storage tank is quickly released into the fuel power generation system, and the power supply to the driving system is quickly realized, so that the power generation interval time of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greatly shortened, and the quick start navigation of the large-tonnage ship is realized.

C. The utility model controls the hydrogen content discharge of the solid hydrogen storage tank and the methanol reforming hydrogen production system through the hydrogen content controller, ensures the instantaneous loading and unloading of the ship, avoids pressure fluctuation caused by intermittent hydrogen discharge of a fuel cell system, automatically adjusts the quality of the hydrogen charging and discharging of the solid hydrogen storage tank and the charging and discharging power of the storage battery pack by the central display console according to the real-time navigation state of the ship under the coordination control of the power controller, and can realize intelligent distribution of electric energy on the premise of meeting the driving power consumption.

D. According to the utility model, the space of the ship is reasonably designed, the fuel cabin and the power generation cabin are separately divided, the space is fully utilized, the hydrogen association system is arranged in the same cabin, and the hydrogen eliminator is uniformly arranged, so that the implementation and supervision of safety measures are more convenient.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings which are needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive labor to those skilled in the art.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an overall structure of an electric ship provided by the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen production and control structure of a ship provided by the utility model.

The labels in the figure are as follows:

1, a ship body; 2-central display console; 3-a fuel power generation cabin; 4-drive system

5-a fuel compartment; 6-methanol water tank; a 7-methanol reforming hydrogen production system; 8-fuel cell system

9-a solid hydrogen storage tank; 10-a battery pack; 20-passive hydrogen elimination recombiner; 30-Hydrogen content controller

40-a power controller; 50-main switch; a 60-DC-AC inverter; 70-division switch

80-domestic electric equipment; 90-cab and living area; 100-loading zone.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; the connection can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the utility model provides a fuel cell electric ship for safely reforming hydrogen with methanol to produce hydrogen, comprising an electric ship body 1, a cab and living area 90, a fuel power generation cabin 3 and a fuel cabin 5, wherein the cab and living area 90, the fuel power generation cabin 3, the fuel cabin 10 and a loading area 100 are respectively independent from the inside of the ship body 1; a plurality of domestic electric equipment 80 and a central display console 2 are arranged in a cab and a living area 90 of a ship body 1, a methanol water tank 6 is arranged in a fuel cabin 5, a methanol reforming hydrogen production system 7, a fuel cell system 8, a solid hydrogen storage tank 9, a storage battery pack 10 and a passive hydrogen elimination recombiner 20 are arranged in a fuel power generation cabin 3, a loading area 100 is responsible for freight transportation or passenger transportation, and a driving system 4 (namely an electric propulsion device) is arranged at the stern part and used for pushing an electric ship to sail. The methanol water tank 6 is connected with the methanol reforming hydrogen production system 7 to provide raw materials for hydrogen production, the fuel cell system 8 is respectively connected with the methanol reforming hydrogen production system 7, the storage battery 10, the driving system 4 and the solid hydrogen storage tank 9, and the passive hydrogen elimination recombiner 20 is arranged on the wall and the top of the cabin around the fuel power generation cabin 3; the central display console 2 is respectively connected with the methanol water tank 6, the solid hydrogen storage tank 9, the methanol reforming hydrogen production system 7, the fuel cell system 8, the storage battery 10 and the driving system 4 through circuits.

A methanol capacity measuring instrument is arranged in the methanol water tank 6, is used for measuring and displaying the residual capacity of the methanol and has an alarm warning function, and the detecting instrument adopts the prior art; the hull 1 is also provided with a hydrogen content controller 30 and a power controller 40 which are electrically connected with the central display console 2, and the hydrogen content controller 30 is respectively electrically connected with the methanol reforming hydrogen production system 7 and the stop valves on the solid hydrogen storage tank 9 and is used for controlling the output quantity of hydrogen; the power controller 40 is electrically connected to the battery pack 10, the fuel cell system 8, and the drive system 4, and controls output of electric energy. The central display console 2 serves as a control system for the entire ship and is used for monitoring or controlling the methanol water tank 6, the solid hydrogen storage tank 9, the methanol reforming hydrogen production system 7, the fuel cell system 8, the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 10, the electric propulsion device, the power controller 40, the hydrogen content controller 30 and the main switch 50. The cab and the living area 100 are provided on the stern deck, and as can be seen from fig. 1, the electric propulsion device, the fuel power generation compartment 3, the fuel compartment 5, and the loading area 100 are provided below the cab and the living area 100 in this order from left to right. A storage battery pack 10 is arranged on a bottom board in the fuel power generation cabin 3, a fuel cell system 8 and a methanol reforming hydrogen production system 7 are sequentially arranged on the storage battery pack 10, a solid hydrogen storage tank 9 is arranged on the right side of the storage battery pack, and a methanol water tank 6 is arranged in a fuel cabin 5 on the left side of the solid hydrogen storage tank 9.

As hydrogen has the characteristics of flammability and explosiveness, and meanwhile, a methanol reforming hydrogen production system 7, a solid hydrogen storage tank 9 and a hydrogen transportation pipeline are assembled in the whole fuel power generation cabin 3, so that the leakage risk is avoided, the passive hydrogen elimination recombiner 20 is respectively arranged at the cabin wall and the cabin top of the fuel power generation cabin 3, the passive hydrogen elimination recombiner 20 can ensure that external energy is not needed during design basis accidents and serious accidents, the automatic starting can be realized, and the hydrogen concentration is reduced to be lower than the safe concentration level of 4 percent, wherein at least 5 devices can be arranged in the fuel power generation cabin 3 along the cabin wall and the cabin top of the fuel power generation cabin 3.

The passive hydrogen elimination recombiner consumes high-concentration hydrogen in the fuel power generation cabin 3 through controllable oxidation reaction, prevents the hydrogen concentration from reaching the deflagration limit, and controls the hydrogen volume concentration in the whole space of the fuel power generation cabin 3 to be less than 4 percent. The core component of the passive hydrogen elimination recombiner is a catalytic plate, the catalytic plate is made of stainless steel, a layer of alumina is wrapped outside the catalytic plate to be used as a catalyst carrier, and a catalyst (platinum/palladium) is adhered on the alumina. The main component of the catalyst is platinum, and palladium is mainly used for accelerating the initial speed of catalytic reaction at low temperature. The hydrogen is oxidized on the surface of the catalyst to be changed into water vapor, so that the concentration of the hydrogen in the whole cabin is in a safe state, and the running of the ship is not dangerous.

In order to better enable the passive hydrogen elimination recombiner 20 to have good hydrogen elimination capability, a plurality of ventilation openings are arranged outside the fuel power generation cabin 3, so that oxygen supply quantity required by the passive hydrogen elimination recombiner 20 can be ensured, the hydrogen elimination efficiency is ensured, and redundant heat generated in the power generation and hydrogen elimination processes of the fuel cell system 8 can be taken away by the ventilation openings.

The methanol reforming hydrogen production system 7 comprises a stop valve, an evaporator, a reaction kettle, a heater, a catalyst storage bottle and a discharge port, the central display console 2 controls the methanol reforming hydrogen production system 7 to start hydrogen production work by controlling the stop valve and the heater, and hydrogen fuel is conveyed to the fuel cell system 8 through the discharge port; the heater is used for heating the catalyst in the reaction kettle, and the evaporator is used for evaporating the methanol solution; the storage battery pack 10 is electrically connected with the heater and the evaporator respectively, and the methanol in the methanol water tank 6 is evaporated by heating to enter the methanol reforming hydrogen production system 7 and react with the catalyst in the reaction kettle to prepare the hydrogen. The fuel cell system 8 includes a fuel cell generator, a shutoff valve, and a cooling system, which are connected to the power controller 40, the methanol reforming hydrogen production system 7, and the drive system 4, and the fuel cell system 8 is a power generation device that directly converts chemical energy present in fuel and oxidant into electric energy by an electrochemical reaction without combustion to drive the drive system 4 to operate. The stop valve is arranged on a pipeline after hydrogen production of the methanol reforming hydrogen production system 7 and is in control connection with the power controller 40, and the opening of the stop valve is adjusted by the power controller 40 to convert the pressure and flow of the hydrogen produced by the methanol reforming hydrogen production system 7 into the pressure and flow required by the fuel cell generator. The above-mentioned methanol reforming hydrogen production system and the fuel cell system can adopt the prior art, and the detailed structure is not described herein.

Preferably, the Fuel Cell system adopted by the utility model is a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) technology, which is the most mature technology in the world at present that can synthesize hydrogen and oxygen in the air into clean water and release electric energy, and the Fuel Cell has an energy conversion efficiency of more than 60%, and has good performances of high power density, low noise and the like. Through setting up solid-state hydrogen storage tank 9 and using the jar as buffering hydrogen, the convenience is made adjustment control in real time to fuel power generation ability, and has the advantage that the hydrogen storage capacity is big, has solved the high pollution of traditional boats and ships, noise and current electric ship continuation of the journey mileage short, the inconvenient problem of charging, guarantees that the normal drive of boats and ships under different navigation environment and daily consumer's operation is stable.

The solid hydrogen storage tank 9 adopted by the utility model can also be used for storing redundant low-pressure hydrogen, and comprises a storage member and a heating member, wherein the storage member is provided with a storage space for placing solid hydrogen storage materials and a heating member for heating the solid hydrogen storage materials, and the heating member is electrically connected with the storage battery. Because the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 3 has the advantage of short hydrogen discharge time, instantaneous loading and unloading of a large ship in different running environments can be ensured, and pressure fluctuation caused by intermittent hydrogen discharge of the fuel cell system 8 is avoided. Meanwhile, after the whole ship is shut down, hydrogen in the solid hydrogen storage tank 9 can enter the reaction chamber and cool the catalyst, so that the catalyst is prevented from being oxidized, and the consumption of the catalyst is reduced.

The storage battery pack 10 is preferably a nickel-metal hydride battery pack, is arranged at the bottom of the fuel power generation cabin 3, is connected with the power controller 40, the fuel cell system 8, the heating part of the solid hydrogen storage tank 9 and the electric propulsion device, and is responsible for heating the catalytic plate of the methanol reforming hydrogen production system 7 to a preset temperature in the early stage, heating the heating part of the solid hydrogen storage tank 9 to the hydrogen discharge start and driving the ship to run and supply domestic electricity, and redundant electric quantity after the fuel cell system 8 generates electricity is stored in the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 10.

The drive system (i.e., the electric propulsion device) includes an electric motor and a transmission, and the electric motor controls an alternating current motor or a permanent magnet motor in an SPWM or PWM manner. The speed changer adopts a stepless speed regulation device or a gear speed regulation device, has strong power, high efficiency and good working condition adaptability, and is more suitable for large-tonnage ships.

The cab and living area 90 includes a plurality of living electric devices 80, a DC-AC inverter 60, a sub switch 70, and a main switch 50; the main switch 50, the DC-AC inverter 60 and the equipment conversion sub-switch 70 are sequentially connected among the fuel cell system 8, the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 10 and the domestic electric equipment 80; the number of the branch switches 70 is the same as that of the domestic electric devices 80, and each domestic electric device 80 corresponds to one branch switch 70.

The specific driving method of the utility model is as follows:

when the electric ship is started, the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 10 supplies power to the driving system 4 to make the ship sail, simultaneously, the electric energy is supplied to a heating component of the solid hydrogen storage tank 9 and a heater of the methanol reforming hydrogen production system 7, firstly, the solid hydrogen storage tank 9 releases hydrogen, the central display control system starts the fuel cell system 8, preferentially consumes the hydrogen in the solid hydrogen storage tank, strives for time for the reaction kettle of the methanol reforming hydrogen production system 7 to reach the preset temperature, starts to generate hydrogen-rich gas after reaching the preset temperature and enters the fuel cell system 8, and then, the fuel cell system 8 starts to continuously work to generate power, the central display console automatically adjusts the quality of hydrogen charging and discharging of the solid hydrogen storage tank 9 and the charging and discharging power of the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 10 according to the real-time state of the ship, normal use of domestic electric equipment is guaranteed under the condition that the ship sails normally, and redundant electric energy generated by the fuel cell system 8 can be stored in the nickel-hydrogen battery pack 10. If hydrogen leaks from the fuel power generation cabin 3, the passive hydrogen elimination recombiner 20 can safely use hydrogen without external energy, so that the safety of hydrogen for ships is ensured.

It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A safe hydrogen-using methanol reforming hydrogen production fuel cell electric ship comprises a ship body (1), a central display console (2), a fuel power generation cabin (3) and a driving system (4) which are arranged on a bottom plate of the ship body (1), and is characterized in that the ship body (1) is also provided with a fuel cabin (5), a methanol water tank (6) is arranged in the fuel cabin (5), the fuel power generation cabin (3) is internally provided with a methanol reforming hydrogen production system (7), a fuel cell system (8), a solid hydrogen storage tank (9), a storage battery (10) and a passive hydrogen elimination recombiner (20), the methanol water tank (6) is connected with the methanol reforming hydrogen production system (7), the fuel cell system (8) is respectively connected with the methanol reforming hydrogen production system (7), the storage battery (10), the driving system (4) and the solid hydrogen storage tank (9), the passive hydrogen elimination recombiner (20) is arranged on the wall and the top of the surrounding cabin in the fuel power generation cabin (3); the central display console (2) is respectively connected with the methanol water tank (6), the solid hydrogen storage tank (9), the methanol reforming hydrogen production system (7), the fuel cell system (8), the storage battery (10) and the driving system (4) through circuits.

2. The methanol reforming hydrogen production fuel cell electric ship using hydrogen safely as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ship body (1) is further provided with a hydrogen content controller (30) and a power controller (40) which are electrically connected with the central display console (2), and the hydrogen content controller (30) is respectively electrically connected with stop valves on the methanol reforming hydrogen production system (7) and the solid hydrogen storage tank (9) and is used for controlling the output quantity of hydrogen; the power controller (40) is electrically connected with the storage battery pack (10), the fuel cell system (8) and the driving system (4) and is used for controlling the output of electric energy.

3. The methanol reforming hydrogen production fuel cell electric ship for safely using hydrogen as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least 5 passive hydrogen recombiners (20) are provided in the fuel power generation compartment (3) for automatically reducing the hydrogen concentration in the fuel power generation compartment (3) to a level below a safe concentration of 4%.

4. The methanol reforming hydrogen production fuel cell electric ship using hydrogen safely as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the methanol reforming hydrogen production system (7) comprises a stop valve, an evaporator, a reaction kettle, a heater, a catalyst storage bottle and a discharge port, the central display console (2) controls the methanol reforming hydrogen production system (7) to start hydrogen production operation by controlling the stop valve and the heater, and delivers hydrogen fuel to the fuel cell system (8) through the discharge port; the heater is used for heating the catalyst in the reaction kettle, and the evaporator is used for evaporating the methanol solution; the storage battery pack (10) is electrically connected with the heater and the evaporator respectively.

5. The methanol reforming hydrogen production fuel cell electric ship using hydrogen safely as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the storage battery (10) is a nickel hydrogen cell storage battery.

6. The methanol reforming hydrogen production fuel cell electric ship using hydrogen safely as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the storage battery (10), the fuel cell system (8) and the methanol reforming hydrogen production system (7) are sequentially stacked in the fuel power generation cabin (3) from bottom to top, the solid hydrogen storage tank (9) is arranged on one side of the fuel power generation cabin (3) far away from the driving system (4), and the methanol water tank (6) is arranged close to the solid hydrogen storage tank (9).

7. The methanol reforming hydrogen production fuel cell electric ship using hydrogen safely as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the solid hydrogen storage tank (9) is provided with a solid hydrogen storage material and a heating component, and the heating component is electrically connected with the storage battery (10).

8. The methanol reforming hydrogen production fuel cell electric ship using hydrogen safely as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the driving system (4) comprises a motor and a speed changer, is arranged at the stern of the ship body (1), and is connected with the fuel cell system (8), the storage battery pack (10) and the power controller (40).

9. The methanol reforming hydrogen production fuel cell electric ship using hydrogen safely as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the fuel cell system (8) and the storage battery pack (10) are electrically connected with various household electric equipment (80) through a main switch (50), a DC-AC inverter (60) and a plurality of branch switches (70), and each household electric equipment (80) is correspondingly connected with one branch switch (70).