CN216247837U - Material combustion characteristic testing device under low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment - Google Patents
Material combustion characteristic testing device under low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN216247837U CN216247837U CN202121690482.XU CN202121690482U CN216247837U CN 216247837 U CN216247837 U CN 216247837U CN 202121690482 U CN202121690482 U CN 202121690482U CN 216247837 U CN216247837 U CN 216247837U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a device for testing the combustion characteristics of a material in a low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment, which comprises a low-pressure cabin, an ignition device, a weighing device, an oxygenation system, an exhaust system, a closed-loop pressure control system and an online smoke detection and analysis system, wherein the ignition device is arranged at the lower part of the low-pressure cabin; the closed-loop pressure control system is annularly sleeved at the bottom of the low-pressure cabin body and is connected with the oxygenation system, the low-pressure cabin body is respectively connected with the closed-loop pressure control system and the exhaust system, the weighing device is arranged in the low-pressure cabin body, the area above the weighing device is a reaction area, and the ignition device extends from the outside of the low-pressure cabin body to the inside reaction area through the ignition rod; the online smoke detection and analysis system is connected with the low-pressure cabin body; the device can be used for efficiently and accurately testing and analyzing the combustion characteristics of the material in the low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment, and can simulate the pressure at different altitudes.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of fire safety, in particular to a device for testing combustion characteristics of materials in a low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment.
Background
The population of the high plateau (more than 2438m) areas of China is more than 1300 ten thousand, and more than 60% of high plateau airports in China exist in the world, and the airports have about 800 ten thousand of aviation passenger flow quantity every year. The oxygen enrichment problem exists in places such as airport terminal buildings, passenger and staff rest rooms, hotels in high altitude areas, the oxygen deficiency problem in high altitude areas can be effectively solved by increasing the indoor oxygen concentration, but the material fire behavior is changed due to the fact that the oxygen concentration is too high in the low-pressure environment, and potential fire hazard is brought.
The mass loss rate, the smoke components and the smoke density are important parameters for representing the combustion characteristics of the material, the mass loss rate can reflect the fire intensity, the smoke density and the smoke components directly determine the escape and survival time of indoor personnel when a fire disaster occurs, for an indoor space, a small-scale fire disaster can cause the obvious reduction of oxygen concentration and the rapid rise of the concentrations of toxic gases such as CO, and the smoke components generated by the combustion of the material under different pressures and oxygen concentration environments are different, and the toxicity is also different.
A great deal of research on fire behaviors in high altitude and high altitude has been carried out at home and abroad, and fire behaviors such as oil pool fire, wood crib fire and carton fire under the low-pressure and low-oxygen environment in high altitude and high altitude are mastered to a certain extent:
the device for testing the combustion characteristics of the material under the low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment disclosed in the application number CN200910076141.0 comprises seven parts, namely a combustion chamber, a positioning mechanism, a gas distribution system, a gas flow circulation and concentration monitoring system, a vacuum pumping system, an ignition system and a data acquisition system. The method comprises the steps that a sample is installed on a sample holder and then is vacuumized in a sealing chamber through a vacuum system, each single high-purity gas is mixed in the sealing chamber through a mass flow meter and a flow control valve, the total pressure of the gas is displayed through a high-precision vacuum pressure gauge, when the total pressure of the gas and the requirements of gas components are met, a miniature air pump is started to mix the air flow in the sealing chamber, a laser light source is started to ignite the sample after the concentration of the gas components is stable, the combustion flame of the sample sequentially passes through two thermocouples, a thermocouple temperature change curve is obtained through A/D conversion and a data acquisition system, the time between the highest temperature points of the curves corresponding to the two thermocouples is taken as the combustion time of the sample between the two thermocouples at fixed distances, and therefore the combustion rate of the sample under the total pressure of the gas and the concentration of the gas components is obtained.
But the research on fire behaviors in the environment with high altitude, low pressure and high oxygen concentration is not effectively carried out, the existing experimental equipment such as the dynamic pressure temperature-changing experimental cabin has larger space and mainly researches the larger fire behaviors, and the more accurate research is carried out aiming at the small fire behaviors, so that the equipment has smaller volume and is easy to operate, the measured parameters are more accurate, the analysis on smoke components and smoke density is more accurate, and the safety guarantee is better provided for the fire emergency disposal.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide a device for testing the combustion characteristics of a material in a low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment, which solves the problem that the fire behavior in the high-altitude, low-pressure and high-oxygen concentration environment is not effectively and accurately researched in the prior art, and also solves the problems that in the prior art, experimental equipment such as a dynamic pressure temperature-changing experimental cabin has large space, is complex to operate, has errors in smoke measurement parameters, and cannot accurately judge the dangerousness of a material combustion product in the low-pressure and high-oxygen concentration environment.
The scheme is realized as follows:
a device for testing the combustion characteristics of materials in a low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment comprises a low-pressure cabin, an ignition device, a weighing device, an oxygenation system, an exhaust system, a closed-loop pressure control system and an online smoke detection and analysis system; the closed-loop pressure control system is annularly sleeved at the bottom of the low-pressure cabin body and is connected with the oxygenation system, the low-pressure cabin body is respectively connected with the closed-loop pressure control system and the exhaust system, the weighing device is arranged in the low-pressure cabin body, the area above the weighing device is a reaction area, and the ignition device extends from the outside of the low-pressure cabin body to the inside reaction area through the ignition rod; the on-line smoke detection and analysis system is connected with the low-pressure cabin body.
Based on the mechanism of the device for testing the combustion characteristics of the material in the low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment, the on-line smoke detection and analysis system comprises a detection assembly, a collection assembly and an analysis assembly; the detection assembly is used for measuring the combustion temperature of the target material and comprises at least two thermocouples which are uniformly arranged at intervals in the vertical direction of the bearing plane of the target material.
Based on the mechanism of the device for testing the combustion characteristics of the material in the low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment, the measuring end of the thermocouple is collinear with the center of the plane where the target material bearing object is located.
Based on the mechanism of the device for testing the combustion characteristics of the materials in the low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment, the low-pressure cabin is internally provided with the mounting plate, all the thermocouples are detachably connected with the mounting plate, and all the thermocouples are arranged in the same vertical plane; the mounting plate is fixedly connected with the low-pressure cabin body.
Based on above-mentioned mechanism of material combustion characteristic testing arrangement under low pressure oxygen boosting environment, collect the subassembly and collect cover, function pipeline section and frequency conversion fan for the flue gas, the flue gas is collected and is covered and be provided with the open end, the open end matches with the top position of the low pressure cabin body, and the cover is collected with low pressure cabin body sealing connection to the flue gas, the frequency conversion fan passes through the function pipeline section and collects the cover with the flue gas and is connected.
Based on the mechanism of the device for testing the combustion characteristics of the material in the low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment, the oxygenation system comprises an oxygen tank, a pressure gauge, an adjusting valve and a flowmeter; the pressure gauge, the regulating valve and the flow meter are respectively arranged on an air outlet main pipeline of the oxygen tank, the air outlet main pipeline of the oxygen pipe is communicated with the closed-loop pressure control system, and oxygen is supplied to the low-pressure cabin body through the closed-loop pressure control system.
Based on the mechanism of the device for testing the combustion characteristics of the material in the low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment, the closed-loop pressure control system comprises an annular pipeline, a branch pipeline and a branch pipeline regulating valve; the annular loop is sleeved at the lower end part of the low-pressure cabin body and is respectively communicated with each surface of the low-pressure cabin body through a branch pipeline, the branch pipeline regulating and controlling valve is arranged on the branch pipeline, and the annular pipeline is communicated with the oxygenation system.
Based on the mechanism of the device for testing the combustion characteristics of the materials in the low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment, the exhaust system comprises the pressure sensor and the exhaust module, the pressure sensor is used for measuring the air pressure condition in the low-pressure cabin, and then the exhaust module is used for exhausting and decompressing the low-pressure cabin according to the target pressure.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:
1. the device can efficiently and accurately test and analyze the combustion characteristics of the material in a low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment, can simulate the pressure (100-10 kpa) of different altitudes (0-15000 m), and can accurately adjust the condition of oxygen supply, so that various data of the target material can be accurately measured and calculated, parameters such as mass loss rate, smoke density and smoke components of the target material after combustion can be measured, the combustion characteristics of the reaction material in multiple angles can be effectively aimed at researching the smoke generated by small-size fire combustion, and the smoke can be more accurately collected and analyzed.
2. The platform is easy to build, the test system is simple, the experiment is easy to carry out, and the device is suitable for measuring solid combustible materials made of different materials.
3. This scheme is provided with closed loop pressure control system to evenly distribute the air inlet of branch pipeline and the low pressure cabin body intercommunication among the closed loop pressure control system 4 sides at the low pressure cabin body bottom plate, the maximize reduced the influence of oxygen suppliment disturbance to the experimental result, promoted experimental data's accuracy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall side view configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the closed loop pressure control system of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a low pressure chamber; 2. an ignition device; 3. a weighing device; 4. an oxygenation system; 5. a closed loop pressure control system; 6. a thermocouple; 7. mounting a plate; 8. a flue gas collection hood; 9. a functional pipe section; 10. a variable frequency fan; 41. an oxygen tank; 42. a pressure gauge; 43. adjusting a valve; 44. a flow meter; 45. a main gas outlet pipeline; 51. a loop circuit; 52. a branch pipeline; 53. a branch line regulating valve; 54. a three-way valve; 71. an illuminating lamp; 72. a temperature paperless recorder; 73. an ignition rod; 74. an analysis component; 75. a tray; 76. a target material; 77. a copper calorimeter; 78. a differential pressure gauge.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships illustrated in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Further, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
Example 1
The utility model provides a technical scheme that:
referring to fig. 1-2, a device for testing combustion characteristics of a material in a low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment comprises a low-pressure cabin 1, a ignition device 2, a weighing device 3, an oxygenation system 4, an exhaust system, a closed-loop pressure control system 5 and an online flue gas detection and analysis system; the closed-loop pressure control system 5 is annularly sleeved at the bottom of the low-pressure cabin body 1, the closed-loop pressure control system 5 is connected with the oxygenation system 4, the low-pressure cabin body 1 is respectively connected with the closed-loop pressure control system 5 and the exhaust system, oxygen is input into the low-pressure cabin body 1 through the closed-loop pressure control system 5, and gas in the low-pressure cabin body 1 is exhausted through the exhaust system, so that the constant pressure in the low-pressure cabin body 1 is ensured;
weighing device 3 sets up in the low pressure cabin body 1, and weighing device 3's top region is reaction area, ignition 2 passes through ignition rod 73 and extends to in the inside reaction area by the low pressure cabin body 1 outside, ignites target material 76 through ignition 2, guarantees that the safety of experiment is high-efficient to go on, ignition rod 73 and low pressure cabin body 1 sealing connection guarantee the gas tightness in the low pressure cabin body 1 to guarantee that the experiment is stable high-efficiently gone on under accurate numerical value.
The on-line flue gas detection and analysis system is connected with the low-pressure cabin body 1, and the flue gas generated after the combustion of the target material 76 is collected, detected and analyzed by the on-line flue gas detection and analysis system of the low-pressure cabin body 1.
The on-line flue gas detection and analysis system comprises a detection assembly, a collection assembly and an analysis assembly 74; the detection assembly is used for measuring the combustion temperature of the target material 76, and comprises at least two thermocouples 6, wherein the thermocouples 6 are uniformly arranged at intervals in the vertical direction of the bearing plane of the target material 76.
In the embodiment, the thermocouple 6 is a K-type thermocouple 6, the temperature of the target material 76 under the conditions of the target pressure and the target oxygen concentration is directly measured through the K-type thermocouple 6, and the temperature signal is converted into a thermal electromotive force signal which is converted into the temperature of the measured medium through an electric instrument;
in the scheme, 8 thermocouples 6 are arranged, the measuring ends of the thermocouples 6 are collinear with the center of the plane of the target material 76 receiver, so that the K-type thermocouples 6 are vertically arranged along the center of the flame, and the 8 thermocouples 6 are arranged at the same interval.
The length of each thermocouple 6 is 50cm, a mounting plate 7 is arranged in the low-pressure cabin body 1, all the thermocouples 6 are detachably connected with the mounting plate 7, and all the thermocouples 6 are arranged in the same vertical plane; the mounting plate 7 is fixedly connected with the low-pressure cabin body 1, so that the stability of all the thermocouples 6 in operation can be ensured.
In the scheme, the thermocouple 6 is in threaded connection with the mounting plate 7, so that the thermocouple 6 is convenient to replace and maintain.
The thermocouple 6 at the lowest stage in all the thermocouples 6 is flush with the upper surface of the target material 76, the distance between every two adjacent thermocouples 6 is 10cm, and the time difference corresponding to the highest temperature of the two thermocouples 6 is selected as the burning time of the material between the two thermocouples 6 at a fixed distance by measuring the temperature change of the thermocouples 6.
The collecting assembly comprises a smoke collecting cover 8, a functional pipe section 9 and a variable frequency fan 10, wherein an opening end is arranged on the smoke collecting cover 8, the opening end is matched with the top of the low-pressure cabin body 1, the smoke collecting cover 8 is hermetically connected with the low-pressure cabin body 1, and the variable frequency fan 10 is connected with the smoke collecting cover 8 through the functional pipe section 9; the functional pipe section comprises a copper calorimeter 77 and a differential pressure gauge 78, wherein the copper calorimeter is used for measuring temperature change in the heat functional pipe section and measuring pressure change in the functional pipe section; the functional pipe section is also provided with a flow stabilizing net.
The flue gas generated after combustion of the target material 76 in the low pressure chamber 1 is collected by the flue gas collection hood 8 and is transferred to the analysis module 74 through the flue gas collection hood 8.
The pressure and temperature data of the flue gas are detected through the functional pipe section 9, and the flow of the flue gas is accelerated through the variable frequency fan 10, so that the analysis process can be rapidly carried out.
The analysis component 74 is an austrian madur flue gas analyzer which monitors changes in gas composition and combustion product gas content during passage through the austrian madur flue gas analyzer.
The oxygenation system 4 comprises an oxygen tank 41, a pressure gauge 42, a regulating valve 43 and a flow meter 44; the pressure gauge 42, the regulating valve 43 and the flow meter 44 are respectively arranged on an air outlet main pipeline 45 of the oxygen tank 41, the air outlet main pipeline 45 of the oxygen pipe is communicated with the closed-loop pressure control system 5, and oxygen is supplied to the low-pressure cabin body 1 through the closed-loop pressure control system 5.
Based on the above structure, the oxygen pipes are used for providing oxygen for the low pressure chamber 1, the pressure detector is used for detecting the value of the oxygen pressure on the gas outlet main pipe 45, the regulating valve 43 is used for controlling the total oxygen supply amount and the transient of the combustion chamber, and the flow meter 44 is used for detecting the total oxygen supply amount and the transient of the gas outlet main pipe 45;
in practice, the pressure of the oxygen tank 41 is adjusted to 0.25-0.4 MPa, the oxygen control output is stabilized to 0.2MPa by the adjusting valve 43, and the total oxygen supply amount and the instantaneous oxygen supply amount are set to 10L/min by observing the change of the flow meter 44, so that the whole oxygen consumption can be saved.
The closed-loop pressure control system 5 comprises a ring pipeline 51, a branch pipeline 52 and a branch pipeline regulating valve 53; the annular loop is sleeved at the lower end part of the low-pressure cabin body 1 and is respectively communicated with each surface of the low-pressure cabin body 1 through a branch pipeline 52, the branch pipeline regulating valve 53 is arranged on the branch pipeline 52, and the annular pipeline 51 is communicated with the oxygenation system 4;
based on the structure, the oxygen supply is carried out on the annular pipeline 51 through the oxygen charging system 4, the regulating valve 43 of each branch pipeline 52 regulates the opening and closing size of the branch pipeline 52 where the branch pipeline 52 is located, the branch pipeline 52 is connected with the annular pipeline 51 through the three-way valve 54, and because the air inlets of the branch pipeline 52 communicated with the low-pressure cabin body 1 are uniformly distributed on the 4 sides of the bottom plate of the low-pressure cabin body 1, the influence of oxygen supply disturbance on an experimental result is reduced to the maximum extent, and the accuracy of experimental data is improved.
The annular pipeline is 8mm in diameter and is used for uniformly supplying oxygen.
The exhaust system comprises a pressure sensor and an exhaust module, the pressure sensor is used for measuring the air pressure condition in the low-pressure cabin body 1, and then the exhaust module is used for exhausting and decompressing the low-pressure cabin body 1 according to the target pressure, so that the pressure in the low-pressure cabin body 1 can be effectively adjusted; and the constant exhaust pressure within 1Mpa/H of the exhaust module.
The exhaust module in this scheme is the common subassembly of prior art (like the subassembly of air discharge fan, etc.), and this scheme is misaligned and is improved, so do not give unnecessary details again.
The ignition device 2 is a portable direct current plasma igniter with the size of 295mm multiplied by 205mm multiplied by 210mm, the output high voltage is 10KV, the ignition device is ignited by an ignition rod 73, and the ignition energy is more than 30J.
The size of the low-pressure cabin body 1 is 1m multiplied by 1m, and the low-pressure cabin can simulate the pressure (100 kpa-10 kpa) of different altitudes (0-15000 m).
The weighing device 3 can be an electronic balance (Aohaus EX10202 precision balance), the accuracy of the weighing device is 0.01g, the measuring range value is 10200g, the mass loss of the material is measured by the electronic balance, and then the burning rate of the combustible material is calculated; a tray 75 may be provided on the electronic balance.
The low-pressure cabin body 1 is also externally provided with a temperature paperless recorder 72, the temperature paperless recorder 72 observes and displays flame smoke temperatures with different heights in real time, and an illuminating lamp 71 can be arranged inside the low-pressure cabin body 1, so that the experiment can be observed conveniently.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the utility model, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a material combustion characteristic testing arrangement under low pressure oxygen boosting environment which characterized in that: comprises a low-pressure cabin body, an ignition device, a weighing device, an oxygenation system, an exhaust system, a closed-loop pressure control system and an online smoke detection and analysis system; the closed-loop pressure control system is annularly sleeved at the bottom of the low-pressure cabin body and is connected with the oxygenation system, the low-pressure cabin body is respectively connected with the closed-loop pressure control system and the exhaust system, the weighing device is arranged in the low-pressure cabin body, the area above the weighing device is a reaction area, and the ignition device extends from the outside of the low-pressure cabin body to the inside reaction area through the ignition rod; the on-line smoke detection and analysis system is connected with the low-pressure cabin body.
2. The device for testing the combustion characteristics of the material in the low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment according to claim 1, wherein: the online smoke detection and analysis system comprises a detection component, a collection component and an analysis component; the detection assembly is used for measuring the combustion temperature of the target material and comprises at least two thermocouples which are uniformly arranged at intervals in the vertical direction of the bearing plane of the target material.
3. The device for testing the combustion characteristics of the material in the low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment according to claim 2, wherein: the measuring end of the thermocouple is collinear with the center of the plane of the target material receiver.
4. The device for testing the combustion characteristics of the material in the low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment according to claim 3, wherein: the low-pressure cabin body is internally provided with a mounting plate, all the thermocouples are detachably connected with the mounting plate, and all the thermocouples are arranged in the same vertical plane; the mounting plate is fixedly connected with the low-pressure cabin body.
5. The device for testing the combustion characteristics of materials in the low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment according to claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein: the collecting assembly is a smoke collecting cover, a functional pipe section and a variable frequency fan, the smoke collecting cover is provided with an opening end, the opening end is matched with the top position of the low-pressure cabin body, the smoke collecting cover is connected with the low-pressure cabin body in a sealing mode, and the variable frequency fan is connected with the smoke collecting cover through the functional pipe section.
6. The device for testing the combustion characteristics of materials in the low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment according to claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein: the oxygenation system comprises an oxygen tank, a pressure gauge, a regulating valve and a flowmeter; the pressure gauge, the regulating valve and the flow meter are respectively arranged on an air outlet main pipeline of the oxygen tank, the air outlet main pipeline of the oxygen pipe is communicated with the closed-loop pressure control system, and oxygen is supplied to the low-pressure cabin body through the closed-loop pressure control system.
7. The device for testing the combustion characteristics of the material in the low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment according to claim 6, wherein: the closed-loop pressure control system comprises an annular pipeline, a branch pipeline and a branch pipeline regulating valve; the annular loop is sleeved at the lower end part of the low-pressure cabin body and is respectively communicated with each surface of the low-pressure cabin body through a branch pipeline, the branch pipeline regulating and controlling valve is arranged on the branch pipeline, and the annular pipeline is communicated with the oxygenation system.
8. The device for testing the combustion characteristics of the material in the low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment according to claim 7, wherein: the exhaust system comprises a pressure sensor and an exhaust module, the pressure sensor is used for measuring the air pressure condition in the low-pressure cabin body, and then the exhaust module is used for exhausting and decompressing the low-pressure cabin body according to the target pressure.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202121690482.XU CN216247837U (en) | 2021-07-23 | 2021-07-23 | Material combustion characteristic testing device under low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202121690482.XU CN216247837U (en) | 2021-07-23 | 2021-07-23 | Material combustion characteristic testing device under low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment |
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| CN216247837U true CN216247837U (en) | 2022-04-08 |
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| CN202121690482.XU Active CN216247837U (en) | 2021-07-23 | 2021-07-23 | Material combustion characteristic testing device under low-pressure oxygen-enriched environment |
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