CN216244310U - Fluidized bed incinerator for directly burning dewatered sludge and performing heat recovery - Google Patents
Fluidized bed incinerator for directly burning dewatered sludge and performing heat recovery Download PDFInfo
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- CN216244310U CN216244310U CN202122800109.1U CN202122800109U CN216244310U CN 216244310 U CN216244310 U CN 216244310U CN 202122800109 U CN202122800109 U CN 202122800109U CN 216244310 U CN216244310 U CN 216244310U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a fluidized bed incinerator for directly burning dewatered sludge and recovering heat, which comprises a hearth, a cyclone separator, a tail flue, a steam pocket and a fan, wherein a wind chamber and a wind distribution plate are sequentially arranged in the hearth from bottom to top; the side wall of the hearth is sequentially provided with a sludge feeding hole, a lower-row secondary air outlet and an upper-row secondary air outlet from bottom to top; a flue gas outlet of the cyclone separator is connected with an inlet of the tail flue, and a separated ash outlet of the cyclone separator is connected with an inlet of the material returning device; a high-temperature air preheater, a convection tube bundle, an economizer, a low-temperature air preheater and a flue gas outlet are sequentially arranged in the tail flue from top to bottom; the steam pocket is positioned outside the tail flue; the utility model not only optimizes the traditional sludge drying and incinerating process, saves the investment and the operation cost of a sludge drying system, but also fully recovers the waste heat in the sludge incinerating process, realizes the gradient high-efficiency utilization, and reduces the power consumption and the operation cost of the system, thereby having good economy and wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to sludge treatment and fluidized bed incineration technology, in particular to a fluidized bed incinerator for directly combusting dewatered sludge and recovering heat.
Background
The method has the advantages that the requirement for municipal sludge treatment is high, the comprehensive treatment technology is immature, a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed in the treatment process, the environmental protection problem which needs to be solved urgently is solved, and the method can realize the efficient large-scale incineration treatment of the municipal sludge by utilizing the advantages of wide fuel adaptability, low discharge of nitrogen oxides, easiness in realizing comprehensive utilization of ash and slag and the like of the fluidized bed incineration technology.
In the traditional sludge fluidized bed incineration treatment process, in order to ensure stable combustion of sludge, a drying device is generally required to be used for further reducing the water content after the sludge is dehydrated, the heat value of the sludge entering a furnace is improved, and the sludge is sent into a fluidized bed incinerator for incineration. The sludge drying system has the following problems: 1. the investment cost of the drying system is high (generally more than 2 times of that of the incineration device); 2. the drying system is complex, generally comprises a drying machine body, a sludge feeding and discharging device, a dried sludge cooling device, a dried tail gas dust removal and spray water removal device and the like, and has relatively high operation failure rate; 3. a special water treatment system is required to be configured for purifying the wastewater generated by the drying tail gas spraying and dewatering process; 4. the drying process is relatively thermally inefficient, resulting in reduced operating economics for the overall system. Because the water content of the dewatered sludge is higher and the heat value is lower, the high-temperature preheating of the primary air and the secondary air of the incinerator is an important measure for ensuring the stable combustion of the sludge and the standard reaching of the smoke temperature at the outlet of the hearth. The fan of the incinerator is directly driven by a steam turbine. In order to reduce the investment of a sludge incineration treatment system and improve the reliability and the economical efficiency of the system operation, the utility model provides the fluidized bed incinerator for directly burning the dewatered sludge and carrying out heat recovery.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the technical problem to be solved by the utility model is as follows: the utility model provides a fluidized bed incinerator that directly fires dehydration mud and carry out heat recovery, when practicing thrift sludge drying system investment cost, increased fluidized bed incinerator's job stabilization nature, improved fluidized bed incinerator's work efficiency.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the utility model adopts the following technical scheme: the embodiment provides a fluidized bed incinerator for directly burning dewatered sludge and performing heat recovery, which is characterized by comprising a hearth, a cyclone separator, a tail flue, a steam pocket and a fan, wherein an air chamber and an air distribution plate are sequentially arranged in the hearth from bottom to top; the side wall of the hearth is sequentially provided with a sludge feeding hole, a lower-row secondary air outlet and an upper-row secondary air outlet from bottom to top; the outlet of the hearth is connected with the inlet of the cyclone separator; a gas outlet of the cyclone separator is connected with an inlet of the tail flue, a separated ash outlet of the cyclone separator is connected with an inlet of a material returning device, and an outlet of the material returning device is connected with a returned ash inlet of the hearth; a high-temperature air preheater, a convection bank), an economizer, a low-temperature air preheater and a flue gas outlet are sequentially arranged in the tail flue from top to bottom; the steam pocket is positioned outside the tail flue; the tail flue is provided with a boiler water supply inlet, the boiler water supply inlet is connected with an inlet of an economizer, an outlet of the economizer is connected with a water inlet of a steam drum, a downcomer of the steam drum is connected with an inlet header of a convection tube bundle, an outlet header of the convection tube bundle is connected with a steam-water introducing pipe of the steam drum, and a saturated steam outlet of the steam drum is arranged at the top of the steam drum; the outlet of the fan is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature air preheater, the outlet of the low-temperature air preheater is connected with the inlet of the high-temperature air preheater, and the preheated high-temperature air in the high-temperature air preheater is sent into the hearth as primary air and secondary air through the air distribution plate, the lower secondary air outlet and the upper secondary air outlet.
As a preferred example, the sludge feeding hole is provided with a material spreading air inlet.
As a preferable example, no heating surface is arranged in the furnace.
Preferably, the water content of the dewatered sludge is 50% to 60%.
As a preferred example, the high-temperature air preheater carries out secondary preheating on air, and the outlet of the high-temperature air preheater is respectively communicated with the air distribution plate through a primary air pipe and communicated with the lower-row secondary air inlet and the upper-row secondary air inlet through a secondary air main pipe.
As a preferred example, the low-temperature air preheater preheats air in a first stage, and an outlet of the low-temperature air preheater is connected with an inlet of the high-temperature air preheater.
Preferably, the high-temperature air preheater provides high-temperature airflow of more than 600 ℃ for the hearth.
Preferably, the system further comprises a steam turbine, and the saturated steam outlet is connected with a steam turbine cylinder.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the utility model has the following beneficial effects: the utility model improves the traditional sludge drying and incinerating process flow, and directly incinerates the dehydrated sludge, thereby saving the investment and operation cost of a sludge drying system; a heating surface is not arranged in the hearth, but a high-temperature air preheater is arranged in a vertical shaft of a tail flue, so that high-temperature preheated air at 600-700 ℃ or even higher is obtained, and stable combustion of sludge and standard reaching of the smoke temperature at the outlet of the hearth are ensured; saturated steam with a certain pressure is obtained through a steam-water system, a small-sized steam turbine is pushed, and then a fan of the fluidized bed incinerator is driven, so that electricity cost is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
the figure shows that: the device comprises an air chamber 1, an air distribution plate 2, a spreading air inlet 3, a sludge feeding hole 4, a lower-row secondary air outlet 5, an upper-row secondary air outlet 6, a hearth 7, a cyclone separator 8, a steam pocket 9, a tail flue 10, a high-temperature air preheater 11, a convection bank 12, an economizer 13, a low-temperature air preheater 14, a flue gas outlet 15, a boiler feed water inlet 16, a saturated steam outlet 17, a fan 18 and a return feeder 19.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the fluidized bed incinerator for directly burning dewatered sludge and performing heat recovery according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a hearth 7, a cyclone separator 8, a tail flue 10, a steam drum 9, and a fan 18, wherein a wind chamber 1 and a wind distribution plate 2 are sequentially arranged in the hearth 7 from bottom to top; the side wall of the hearth 7 is sequentially provided with a sludge feeding hole 4, a lower-row secondary air port 5 and an upper-row secondary air port 6 from bottom to top; the outlet of the hearth 7 is connected with the inlet of the cyclone separator 8; a gas outlet of the cyclone separator 8 is connected with an inlet of the tail flue 10, a separated ash outlet of the cyclone separator 8 is connected with an inlet of a material returning device 19, and an outlet of the material returning device 19 is connected with a returned ash inlet of the hearth 7; a high-temperature air preheater 11, a convection bank 12, an economizer 13, a low-temperature air preheater 14 and a flue gas outlet 15 are sequentially arranged in the tail flue 10 from top to bottom; the steam pocket 9 is positioned outside the tail flue 10; the tail flue 10 is provided with a boiler feed water inlet 16, the boiler feed water inlet 16 is connected with an inlet of an economizer 13, an outlet of the economizer 13 is connected with a water inlet of a steam drum 9, a downcomer of the steam drum 9 is connected with an inlet header of a convection tube bundle 12, an outlet header of the convection tube bundle 12 is connected with a steam-water inlet pipe of the steam drum 9, and a saturated steam outlet of the steam drum 9 is arranged at the top of the steam drum; the outlet of the fan is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature air preheater 14, the outlet of the low-temperature air preheater 14 is connected with the inlet of the high-temperature air preheater 11, and the preheated high-temperature air in the high-temperature air preheater 11 is sent into the hearth 7 through the air distribution plate 2, the lower secondary air outlet 5 and the upper secondary air outlet 6 as primary air and secondary air.
In the fluidized bed incinerator with the structure, the dewatered sludge with the water content of 50-60% is directly combusted in the fluidized bed incinerator, the generated flue gas is separated by the cyclone separator 8 and enters the tail flue 10 to exchange heat with heat exchange surfaces such as the high-temperature air preheater 11, the convection tube bundle 12, the economizer 13, the low-temperature air preheater 14 and the like, and finally the flue gas is sent into a conventional flue gas treatment device at the exhaust gas temperature of 180-200 ℃ to be discharged. The preheated air with the temperature of 600-700 ℃ is sent back to the hearth to participate in combustion so as to ensure that the temperature of the dense-phase region is more than 850 ℃ and the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the hearth is more than 850 ℃, thereby meeting the requirements of stable combustion and environmental protection. High-temperature preheated air is respectively fed into the hearth through the air distribution plate 2 and the secondary air nozzle. Boiler feed water sequentially flows through the coal economizer 13, the steam pocket 9, the convection bank 12 and the steam pocket 9, is subjected to steam-water separation, and is finally sent into the small-sized steam turbine to do work in a state of saturated steam under the pressure of 1.3MPa, so that mechanical energy is directly provided for a fan of the incinerator, and waste heat generated in the sludge treatment process is fully treated. The specific process of recycling is as follows: boiler feed water flows through the economizer 13, obtains tail flue gas waste heat, is heated, enters a natural circulation loop formed by a steam pocket, a downcomer, an ascending pipe (convection bank) and the steam pocket, drives fluid to flow by utilizing density difference, and obtains flue gas middle temperature section waste heat in the convection bank 12. Steam-water mixture obtained by heating the medium-temperature flue gas returns to the steam drum 9 for steam-water separation, and the obtained steam with certain quality is sent into a small-sized steam turbine cylinder to push blades to do work, so that mechanical energy is directly provided for a fan of the incinerator. The utility model discloses an electricity saving cost realizes producing oneself from usefulness, possesses better economic nature and wide application prospect.
As a preferred example, the sludge feeding port 4 is provided with a seeding air inlet 3. Support is provided for the combustion of the dewatered sludge.
As a preferable example, no heating surface is provided in the furnace 7. A high-temperature air preheater 11 is arranged in a tail shaft flue and used for preheating air at high temperature of the incinerator and generating saturated steam with certain pressure to drive a small-sized steam turbine to drive a fan 18 of the incinerator. The hearth 7 is not provided with a heating surface to ensure that the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the hearth of the incinerator reaches above 850 ℃ specified by the national standard.
Preferably, the water content of the dewatered sludge is 50% to 60%. The sludge heat drying system with high investment and operation cost in the traditional sludge drying and incineration treatment process is cancelled, the dewatered sludge is fed into the hearth 7 through the sludge feeding hole 4 to be combusted, the generated flue gas enters the cyclone separator 8 through the upper part of the hearth 7 to be separated from most fine particles, and saturated steam with certain pressure is generated to push the small steam turbine to drive the primary fan 18 of the incinerator, so that the waste heat utilization grade is improved, the power consumption of the system is reduced, and the economical efficiency of the system is further improved.
As a preferred example, the high-temperature air preheater 11 performs secondary preheating on air, and the outlet of the high-temperature air preheater 11 is respectively communicated with the air distribution plate 2 through a primary air pipe and communicated with the lower-row secondary air inlet 5 and the upper-row secondary air inlet 6 through a secondary air main pipe. The air preheated by the high-temperature air preheater 11 is fed into the hearth 7 to participate in the combustion process.
Preferably, the low-temperature air preheater 14 preheats the air in a first stage, and an outlet of the low-temperature air preheater 14 is connected to an inlet of the high-temperature air preheater 11. The low temperature air preheater 14 performs heat recovery and discharges through the flue gas outlet 15.
Preferably, the high temperature air preheater 11 provides a high temperature air flow of 600 ℃ or higher to the furnace 7. The efficient and stable combustion of the sludge and the temperature of the hearth and the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the hearth are ensured to meet the national environmental protection standard.
As a preferred example, the device also comprises a steam turbine, and the saturated steam outlet 17 is connected with a cylinder of the small-sized steam turbine and used for pushing the steam turbine to do work, directly providing mechanical energy for a fan of the incinerator and fully utilizing waste heat.
Compared with the prior art, the fluidized bed incinerator for directly burning the dewatered sludge and performing heat recovery realizes waste heat recovery, improves sludge incineration economy, optimizes the flow of the sludge treatment process on the whole and saves investment and operation cost.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are intended to further illustrate the principles of the utility model, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, which is also intended to be covered by the appended claims. The scope of the utility model is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A fluidized bed incinerator for directly burning dewatered sludge and performing heat recovery is characterized by comprising a hearth (7), a cyclone separator (8), a tail flue (10), a steam drum (9) and a fan (18); an air chamber (1) and an air distribution plate (2) are sequentially arranged in the hearth (7) from bottom to top; the side wall of the hearth (7) is sequentially provided with a sludge feeding hole (4), a lower secondary air outlet (5) and an upper secondary air outlet (6) from bottom to top; the outlet of the hearth (7) is connected with the inlet of the cyclone separator (8); a flue gas outlet of the cyclone separator (8) is connected with an inlet of the tail flue (10), a separated ash outlet of the cyclone separator (8) is connected with an inlet of a material returning device (19), and an outlet of the material returning device (19) is connected with a material returning ash inlet of the hearth (7); a high-temperature air preheater (11), a convection bank (12), an economizer (13), a low-temperature air preheater (14) and a flue gas outlet (15) are sequentially arranged in the tail flue (10) from top to bottom; the steam pocket (9) is positioned outside the tail flue (10); the tail flue (10) is provided with a boiler water supply inlet (16), the boiler water supply inlet (16) is connected with an inlet of an economizer (13), an outlet of the economizer (13) is connected with a water inlet of a steam pocket (9), a downcomer of the steam pocket (9) is connected with an inlet header of a convection bank (12), an outlet header of the convection bank (12) is connected with a steam-water introducing pipe of the steam pocket (9), and a saturated steam outlet of the steam pocket (9) is arranged at the top of the steam pocket; the outlet of the fan (18) is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature air preheater (14), the outlet of the low-temperature air preheater (14) is connected with the inlet of the high-temperature air preheater (11), and the preheated high-temperature air in the high-temperature air preheater (11) is sent into the hearth (7) as primary air and secondary air through the air distribution plate (2), the lower secondary air outlet (5) and the upper secondary air outlet (6).
2. A fluidized bed incinerator for direct combustion of dewatered sludge for heat recovery according to claim 1 wherein said sludge feed inlet (4) is provided with a feed air inlet (3).
3. A fluidized-bed incinerator for direct combustion of dewatered sludge and heat recovery according to claim 1 wherein said furnace chamber (7) is free of heating surfaces.
4. The fluidized-bed incinerator for direct combustion of dewatered sludge for heat recovery according to claim 1, wherein said dewatered sludge has a water content of 50% to 60%.
5. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the high temperature air preheater (11) performs secondary preheating of air, and the outlet of the high temperature air preheater (11) is connected to the air distribution plate (2) through the primary air duct and to the lower secondary air outlet (5) and the upper secondary air outlet (6) through the secondary air header, respectively.
6. A fluidized-bed incinerator for direct combustion of dewatered sludge with heat recovery according to claim 1 wherein said low temperature air preheater (14) preheats air primarily and the outlet of low temperature air preheater (14) is connected to the inlet of high temperature air preheater.
7. A fluidized-bed incinerator for direct combustion of dewatered sludge for heat recovery according to claim 1 wherein said high temperature air preheater (11) provides high temperature air stream above 600 ℃ to the furnace chamber (7).
8. A fluidized bed incinerator for direct combustion of dewatered sludge for heat recovery according to claim 1 further comprising a small steam turbine, saturated steam outlet (17) connected to steam turbine cylinder.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202122800109.1U CN216244310U (en) | 2021-11-16 | 2021-11-16 | Fluidized bed incinerator for directly burning dewatered sludge and performing heat recovery |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202122800109.1U CN216244310U (en) | 2021-11-16 | 2021-11-16 | Fluidized bed incinerator for directly burning dewatered sludge and performing heat recovery |
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| CN216244310U true CN216244310U (en) | 2022-04-08 |
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| CN202122800109.1U Active CN216244310U (en) | 2021-11-16 | 2021-11-16 | Fluidized bed incinerator for directly burning dewatered sludge and performing heat recovery |
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- 2021-11-16 CN CN202122800109.1U patent/CN216244310U/en active Active
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