CN216106101U - Portable solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination distiller - Google Patents
Portable solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination distiller Download PDFInfo
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- CN216106101U CN216106101U CN202122722645.4U CN202122722645U CN216106101U CN 216106101 U CN216106101 U CN 216106101U CN 202122722645 U CN202122722645 U CN 202122722645U CN 216106101 U CN216106101 U CN 216106101U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a portable solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination distiller, which comprises a condensation structure, a photo-thermal conversion material, a water guide channel, a heat insulation layer, a seawater communicating layer and a fresh water collecting tank, wherein the condensation structure is provided with a plurality of solar photo-thermal conversion materials; the condensation structure is arranged to be a structure beneficial to the downward sliding of condensed water, a photothermal conversion material is arranged at the lower part of the condensation structure, a heat insulation layer is arranged at the lower part of the photothermal conversion material, and a through water guide channel is arranged on the heat insulation layer; the lower edge of the condensation structure is communicated with the upper part of the fresh water collecting tank at the periphery of the heat insulation layer; the bottom of the fresh water collecting tank is provided with a fresh water discharge hole, and the bottom of the fresh water collecting tank is provided with a seawater communicating hole penetrating through the fresh water collecting tank. The utility model has the beneficial effects that: the seawater desalination device is provided with the condensation structure which is beneficial to the downward sliding of the condensed water, the condensation structure is communicated with the conical fresh water collecting tank, and the seawater communicating layer between the fresh water collecting tank and the heat insulating layer can meet the requirement of continuously drawing seawater, so that the seawater desalination device has a floatable property and realizes high-efficiency seawater desalination.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of seawater desalination and photothermal evaporation, in particular to a portable distiller for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination.
Background
The seawater desalination technology can effectively play a role of increasing water source, and is beneficial to solving the water resource bottleneck problem of sustainable development of islands and coastal economy and society. The existing seawater desalination plant mainly adopts reverse osmosis and low-temperature multi-effect distillation technology, but is difficult to comprehensively cover islands, offshore platforms, mudflats and remote towns and villages along the sea due to the problems of large-scale cost and long-distance water delivery cost caused by high energy consumption. The solar seawater desalination thermal method technology can utilize renewable solar photo-thermal resources in the regions to heat seawater, and fresh water is obtained by condensing and collecting the seawater after phase change evaporation. The solar distiller technology is the mainstream solar seawater desalination technology at present, and has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, simple maintenance and the like. Therefore, research and development of small distributed or portable solar seawater desalination equipment and system are expected to provide sufficient and cheap fresh water for life production, military, outdoor sports, field scientific investigation and exploration of residents in the areas, and the energy conservation, low carbon, economy and environmental protection of the seawater desalination technology are realized.
At present, the seawater desalination efficiency of the portable solar distiller is only 10-25%, and the performance of the portable solar distiller is doubled compared with the efficiency of a non-portable solar distiller. This is because the portable equipment needs to achieve not only solar conversion efficiency but also economical efficiency and portability of the equipment, including light weight, folding, and easy assembly, and thus cannot cope with the structure and material of the large-scale solar marine facility. Especially, the transparent condensing glass cover plate component in the large-scale solar energy sea-freshwater device has high price, high density and can not be folded, and is not suitable for being used as the condensing cover plate component of the portable device; and the heat insulation foam part in the equipment can reduce the effective illumination area if being applied to small-sized portable equipment, and has the defects of easy aging and corrosion and incapability of folding. In the traditional portable distiller research, an effective heat insulation component is abandoned, and non-negligible system-environment heat loss is brought; and light materials such as a high molecular film or organic glass are selected as the light-transmitting condensing part, but due to the hydrophobicity of the surface of the light-transmitting condensing part, water drops form fog-shaped liquid drops on the condensing surface, so that the light scattering rate is greatly increased, and the sunlight utilization rate is reduced. Therefore, in order to improve the seawater desalination efficiency of the portable solar still, the heat utilization and optical utilization performance of each part of the equipment needs to be improved on the basis of light weight, portability and easy folding.
The relevant documents are: novel and low cost designs of portable gaseous wells [ J ] published in detail 276,294-302(2011) by Wassouf P, Peska T, Singh R et al; solar-drive interface evaluation published in Nature Energy 3(12),1031-1041(2018), Tao P, Ni G, Song C, etc.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a portable solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination distiller.
The portable solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination distiller comprises a condensation structure, a photo-thermal conversion material, a water guide channel, a heat insulation layer, a seawater communication layer and a fresh water collecting tank; the condensation structure is arranged to be a structure beneficial to the downward sliding of condensed water, a photothermal conversion material is arranged at the lower part of the condensation structure, a heat insulation layer is arranged at the lower part of the photothermal conversion material, and a through water guide channel is arranged on the heat insulation layer; the lower edge of the condensation structure is communicated with the upper part of the fresh water collecting tank at the periphery of the heat insulation layer; the fresh water collecting tank and the bottom surface of the heat insulation layer enclose a seawater communicating layer, a fresh water discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the fresh water collecting tank, a seawater communicating hole penetrating through the bottom surface of the fresh water collecting tank is formed in the bottom surface of the fresh water collecting tank, and the seawater communicating layer is communicated with external seawater through the seawater communicating hole of the fresh water collecting tank.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the shape of the condensation structure can be an integrated hemispherical shape or a spherical cone shape according to the mechanical property of the material, and also can be an umbrella shape, a pyramid shape or a ridge shape of a framework film-coated structure; when the condensation structure is in an integrated hemispherical or spherical conical shape, the condensation structure adopts a PMMA plastic plate, a PC plastic plate, a PVC plastic plate or a PP plastic plate with the light transmittance of more than 90%; when the condensation structure is an umbrella-shaped, pyramid-shaped or ridge-shaped structure with a framework film covering structure, the film covering structure adopts a PET plastic film, a PE plastic film, a PVC plastic film, a PP plastic film or a PS plastic film; the thickness of the condensation structure is as thin as possible except for meeting the structural requirements, so that the thermal conductivity coefficient of the condensation structure is as large as possible, and the thickness is usually selected to be 0.1-3 mm; the inner surface of the condensation structure is coated with a layer of hydrophilic material, including but not limited to polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel, agarose gel, polyethylene glycol or polyacrylate, the thickness of which is usually selected to be 1-10 μm; the framework film-covered structure can be folded or disassembled and assembled, wherein the framework is as thin as possible under the condition of meeting the rigidity requirement, the shading area is reduced, and the diameter is usually selected to be 1-5 mm; the size of the projection dimension of the condensation structure is the size of the length and the width of the portable distiller, can be determined according to the actual seawater desalination requirement and portability, and is generally suitable for being used by a single person, and the diameter is selected to be 30-100 cm.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the photothermal conversion material comprises black dyed fiber cloth with the light absorption rate of more than or equal to 80 percent, carbon-based material deposition cloth, plasma deposition cloth or carbon-based material blending gel; the black dyed fiber cloth adopts single layer or multiple layers; the carbon-based material deposition cloth adopts activated carbon deposition cloth, graphene deposition cloth or carbon nano tube deposition cloth and the like; the plasma deposition cloth adopts nano gold plasma deposition cloth or nano silver plasma deposition cloth and the like. The photothermal conversion material passes through the heat insulation layer to be contacted with the seawater communication layer through the capillary action of the fiber cloth of the water guide channel, and draws and diffuses seawater.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: a heat insulation layer is arranged below the photothermal conversion material, the heat insulation layer is provided with a plurality of uniformly distributed penetrating water guide channels, and the water guide channels are filled with fiber cloth, absorbent paper, porous hydrogel or capillary tubes with strong water absorption capacity; the number of the water guide channels is more than or equal to 1/10 square centimeters, and the ratio of the total sectional area obtained by multiplying the number of the water guide channels by the sectional area of a single water guide channel to the sectional area of the evaporation surface where the photothermal conversion material is located ensures that the heat loss through the water guide channels is as small as possible and is usually selected to be 3-5%; the length of the water channel corresponds to the thickness of the heat insulating layer, and is usually selected to be 2-5 cm.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the heat insulation layer is made of polystyrene, polyurethane hydrophobic white foam or aerogel with the thermal conductivity coefficient less than or equal to 0.1W/(m.K); the thickness of the heat insulation layer needs to comprehensively consider the heat conductivity coefficient of the structure and the capillary technical capacity of the water guide channel, and is usually selected to be 2-5 cm; the heat insulation layer can be divided into a plurality of independent fan-shaped or square structures for assembly and disassembly.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the fresh water collecting tank is made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel or engineering plastics, the width of the fresh water collecting tank is as narrow as possible under the condition that fresh water collection is not influenced, so that the loss of an irradiation area is reduced, and the width of the tank is usually selected to be 5-20 mm; the fresh water collecting tank and the condensing structure are connected and sealed through the rubber ring and the clamping groove, so that steam is not leaked, and condensed water can smoothly fall into the fresh water collecting tank; the bottom of the fresh water collecting tank is conical, fresh water is collected to the middle and is led out and collected, and the gradient of the fresh water collecting tank is usually selected to be 10-30 degrees; the fresh water collecting tank can be divided into a plurality of independent fan-shaped or square structures for assembly and disassembly.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that:
1. the seawater desalination device is provided with the condensation structure which is beneficial to the downward sliding of the condensed water, the condensation structure is communicated with the conical fresh water collecting tank, and the seawater communicating layer between the fresh water collecting tank and the heat insulating layer can meet the requirement of continuously drawing seawater, so that the seawater desalination device has a floatable property and realizes high-efficiency seawater desalination.
2. The utility model provides a detachable and assembled portable distiller made of light materials, which adopts an interface evaporation structure consisting of a photothermal conversion material, a water guide channel, a heat insulation layer and a seawater communication layer, so that seawater is continuously drawn to a heating interface to continuously carry out the photothermal evaporation process on one hand, and the heat loss in the evaporation process is greatly reduced on the other hand, thereby improving the evaporation temperature and efficiency.
3. The utility model adopts the condensation structure with the inner surface modified by hydrophilicity, and can effectively reduce the scattering of condensed fog-shaped liquid drops to sunlight, thereby improving the optical utilization rate of solar energy and improving the efficiency of solar seawater desalination.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a portable solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination distiller;
fig. 2 is a seawater desalination schematic diagram of the portable solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination distiller.
Description of reference numerals: condensation structure 1, light and heat conversion material 2, water guide channel 3, insulating layer 4, sea water communicating layer 5, fresh water collecting vat 6.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. The following examples are set forth merely to aid in the understanding of the utility model. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Example one
The embodiment of the application provides a portable solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination distiller, which heats and evaporates a thin liquid layer at an interface, and uses a water absorption core in a water guide channel to continuously absorb seawater to the heating interface, so that a photo-thermal evaporation process is continuously carried out, the heat loss in the evaporation process is greatly reduced, and the evaporation temperature and the heat utilization rate are improved; the condensation structure with the surface modified by hydrophilicity can effectively reduce the scattering of the vaporific liquid drops on the cover plate to sunlight, thereby improving the solar optical utilization rate and further improving the solar seawater desalination efficiency.
The portable solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination distiller comprises a condensation structure 1, a photo-thermal conversion material 2, a water guide channel 3, a heat insulation layer 4, a seawater communicating layer 5 and a fresh water collecting tank 6; the condensation structure 1 is a structure beneficial to the downward sliding of condensed water, a photothermal conversion material 2 is arranged at the lower part of the condensation structure 1, a heat insulation layer 4 is arranged at the lower part of the photothermal conversion material 2, and a through water guide channel 3 is arranged on the heat insulation layer 4; the lower part of the edge of the condensation structure 1 is communicated with the upper part of a fresh water collecting tank 6 at the periphery of the heat insulation layer 4; the bottom surfaces of the fresh water collecting tank 6 and the heat insulating layer 4 are enclosed to form a seawater communicating layer 5, a fresh water discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the fresh water collecting tank 6, a through seawater communicating hole is formed in the bottom surface of the fresh water collecting tank 6, and the seawater communicating layer 5 is communicated with external seawater through the seawater communicating hole of the fresh water collecting tank 6.
The condensation structure is as follows: the semi-spherical acrylic organic glass with the light transmittance of more than 95 percent has the thickness of 2mm and the diameter of 30 cm; the inner surface is coated with a layer of hydrophilic polyacrylate material with a thickness of 1 μm.
The photothermal conversion material is: multilayer black dyed fiber cotton gauze with a diameter of 27.4cm, the light absorption rate in the solar spectrum range being 93%; the lower part of the partial area of the photothermal conversion material draws seawater through a water guide channel.
The water guide channel is as follows: 24 water guide channels are led into a heat insulation layer with the diameter of 27.4cm in a centrosymmetric mode at equal intervals to vertically penetrate through the heat insulation layer, the diameter of each water guide channel is 10mm, the distance between the water guide channels is 5cm, the length of each water guide channel is 2cm, and the ratio of the total sectional area of the water guide channels to the sectional area of an evaporation surface where the photothermal material is located is 3.2%; the water-absorbing fiber paper with stronger water-absorbing capacity is filled in each pore channel.
The heat insulation layer is: the 3D printing polylactic acid PLA plastic material with the internal filling rate of 5 percent has the thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.03W/m.K and the thickness of 2 cm.
The fresh water collecting tank is as follows: the printing ink comprises a corrosion-resistant 3D printing polylactic acid (PLA) plastic material, wherein the width of the PLA plastic material is 10 mm; fresh water collecting tank upper portion is connected with the condensation structure, connects through rubber circle and draw-in groove and seals, and fresh water collecting tank bottom is the taper shape, and the slope is 10.
Example two
The second embodiment of the application provides a seawater desalination method of a portable solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination distiller, which comprises the following steps: seawater enters the seawater communicating layer 5 through the seawater communicating hole, then passes through the heat insulating layer 4 through the water guide channel 3 to reach the photothermal conversion material 2, and is heated and evaporated by illumination; the steam is condensed into fresh water through heat exchange of the condensation structure 1, the fresh water slides down along the inner wall of the condensation structure 1 to enter a fresh water collecting tank 6 communicated with the condensation structure 1, and finally is discharged from a fresh water discharge hole, as shown in fig. 2.
EXAMPLE III
The operation example of the portable solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination distiller for solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination is as follows: a portable distiller device with the diameter of 30cm is characterized in that under the sunshine irradiation conditions that the environmental temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the equivalent standard sunshine hours are 5.7 hours in autumn sunny days in coastal cities in south China, the water yield of the distiller operating for 24 hours is 225mL, namely 3.8kg/m2Day, its solar seawater desalination efficiency is 45%.
The utility model adopts an interface evaporation structure, a light absorption material is arranged at the interface of seawater and air, a thin liquid layer at the interface is heated and evaporated, and a heat insulation layer at the bottom of the light absorption material is matched with a water absorption core, so that seawater is continuously absorbed to the heating interface to continuously carry out the photothermal evaporation process, and meanwhile, the heat loss in the evaporation process is greatly reduced, thereby improving the evaporation temperature and efficiency. The utility model adopts the condensation structure with the inner surface modified by hydrophilicity, which can effectively reduce the scattering of the fog-like liquid drops on the condensation structure to the sunlight, thereby improving the optical utilization efficiency of the solar energy. The utility model also has better portability and floatable property, can be applied to a portable solar distiller, and effectively improves the seawater desalination performance of equipment.
Claims (6)
1. A portable solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination distiller is characterized in that: the device comprises a condensation structure (1), a photothermal conversion material (2), a water guide channel (3), a heat insulation layer (4), a seawater communication layer (5) and a fresh water collecting tank (6); the condensation structure (1) is set to be a structure beneficial to the downward sliding of condensed water, the photothermal conversion material (2) is arranged at the lower part of the condensation structure (1), the heat insulation layer (4) is arranged at the lower part of the photothermal conversion material (2), and the heat insulation layer (4) is provided with a through water guide channel (3); the lower edge of the condensation structure (1) is communicated with the upper part of the fresh water collecting tank (6) at the periphery of the heat insulation layer (4); a seawater communicating layer (5) is enclosed by the bottom surfaces of the fresh water collecting tank (6) and the heat insulating layer (4), a fresh water discharging hole is arranged at the bottom of the fresh water collecting tank (6), and a seawater communicating hole penetrating through the bottom surface of the fresh water collecting tank (6) is arranged.
2. The portable solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination distiller of claim 1, characterized in that: the condensation structure (1) is in an integrated hemispherical shape or a spherical conical shape.
3. The portable solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination distiller of claim 1, characterized in that: the condensation structure (1) is in the shape of an umbrella, a pyramid or a ridge of a framework film-covered structure; the diameter of the framework film-covered structure is 1-5 mm.
4. The portable solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination distiller of claim 1, characterized in that: the inner surface of the condensation structure (1) is coated with a layer of hydrophilic material.
5. The portable solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination distiller of claim 1, characterized in that: the heat insulation layer (4) is provided with a plurality of uniformly distributed water guide channels (3) which penetrate through, and the water guide channels (3) are filled with fiber cloth, absorbent paper, porous hydrogel or capillary tubes; the ratio of the total sectional area obtained by multiplying the number of the water guide channels by the sectional area of a single water guide channel to the sectional area of the evaporation surface where the photothermal conversion material is located is 3-5%; the length of the water guide channel is consistent with the thickness of the heat insulation layer and is 2-5 cm.
6. The portable solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination distiller of claim 1, characterized in that: the width of the fresh water collecting tank (6) is 5-20 mm; the fresh water collecting tank (6) is connected and sealed with the condensing structure (1) through a rubber ring and a clamping groove; the bottom of the fresh water collecting tank (6) is conical, and the gradient of the bottom plate of the fresh water collecting tank (6) is 10-30 degrees.
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| CN202122722645.4U CN216106101U (en) | 2021-11-09 | 2021-11-09 | Portable solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination distiller |
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| CN202122722645.4U CN216106101U (en) | 2021-11-09 | 2021-11-09 | Portable solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination distiller |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114920313A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-19 | 石河子大学 | Sunflower-tracking heat-collecting corrugated paper-based solar interface water desalination device |
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2021
- 2021-11-09 CN CN202122722645.4U patent/CN216106101U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114920313A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-19 | 石河子大学 | Sunflower-tracking heat-collecting corrugated paper-based solar interface water desalination device |
| CN114920313B (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2023-08-25 | 石河子大学 | Sunflower tracking type heat collection corrugated paper-based solar energy interface water desalination device |
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