CN216087821U - Land and water interlaced belt pollutant capturing and plant community reduction analog simulation device - Google Patents
Land and water interlaced belt pollutant capturing and plant community reduction analog simulation device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A simulation device for capturing pollutants in a water-land interlaced zone and reducing plant communities and an application thereof comprise the following steps: (1) the wave water tank required by the experiment is constructed, a wave pushing device is arranged at one end of the simulation device, and water conservancy disturbance of the water body is simulated through a wave pushing plate, so that the generated wave energy reaches the distance and height required by the simulated experiment. (2) The other end of the device is provided with a water-land staggered belt system of a simulation structure, the land slope substrate topography of the device is reformed to form a groove and a pit, and a novel land slope is constructed by combining porous materials. (3) Plants are planted on the shore slope substrate in a matching way to form a plant community. (4) The water quality of surface water bodies with different pollution degrees can be simulated, plants with good purification effect are screened, plant communities are optimized, and a land-water staggered belt system with high purification efficiency is constructed; the microbial agent can be added to research the action relationship between the microbial agent and the plants and promote the effect of the land and water interlaced belt system on removing nitrogen and phosphorus.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of surface water ecological restoration, and particularly relates to an amphibious cross-over belt pollutant trapping and phytocoenosium reduction analog simulation device
Background
At present, a considerable amount of surface water is lower than the III-class water standard, the concentration level of pollutants is high, the water ecosystem is disordered, the functional action is declined, and the construction of ecological civilization is restricted. According to data of 'Chinese ecological environment condition bulletin' in 2018, in 1935 water quality sections for monitoring national surface water, 29% of surface water bodies lower than the III-class water standard exist, and the phenomena of heavy metal and organic pollutant exceeding exist in some monitoring points. In 107 important lake eutrophication monitoring, 29 percent of lakes are in an eutrophication state and 61.7 percent of lakes are in a medium eutrophication state. If the surface water environment is not treated and protected, the surface water body deterioration speed can be accelerated under the influence of human factors, so the treatment situation of the surface water environment is still severe.
The land and water interlaced belt is also called as lakeside belt, is a junction for connecting a land system and a lake system, is a natural barrier for protecting the ecological environment of the surface water body, not only intercepts and filters external pollution sources, but also can purify the pollution sources in the water body to improve the water quality, and can effectively treat the water body. In the existing land and water staggered zone restoration construction and ecological protection exploration, an external pollution source and sand prevention slope protection are intercepted mainly by optimizing a structure of a land and water staggered zone plant community, establishing a wetland system, modifying a bank slope base and the like. The land slope structure of the land and water staggered belt mainly adopts traditional materials such as gravels and sand grains, is combined with a novel porous material to be applied to the land slope base recombination transformation, and is not applied to the actual land and water staggered belt by directly adopting engineering measures, a simulation device is not established to explore the functional effect of the land and water staggered belt, and the effect evaluation before the actual application is lacked.
Therefore, the land and water interlaced belt pollutant capturing and plant community reduction simulation device is designed by combining hydraulics, materials, ecology and the like on the basis of the original land and water interlaced belt, can be used for screening superior plants with high pollutant removal efficiency, optimizing plant communities and perfecting the purification function of the land and water interlaced belt system; researching the promoting effect of the microbial inoculum on the land and water interlaced belt body; the land and water staggered construction of different water areas can be simulated to improve the water body environment.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the problems, the utility model aims to design an amphibious cross-belt pollutant trapping and phytocoenosis reduction analog simulation device and application
The purpose of the utility model can be realized by the following technical scheme
A simulation device for capturing pollutants in an amphibious alternate zone and reducing plant communities and application thereof are mainly composed of a wave water tank structure system and a built amphibious alternate zone system. This analogue means one end is equipped with the wave pushing device, and the other end of device is equipped with the water and land staggered belt system of simulation structure, including simulation bank slope basement, sets up slot and flowerpot that porous material constitutes on the bank slope basement, and the ditch is filled the pocket parcel porous material layer, and the water intaking PVC pipe that sets up in the slot fills silicon-based porous ceramic material granule and soil mixture in the flowerpot to and plant the land and bank plant and the emergent aquatic plant constitutes the plant community.
The wave basin main part structure size according to the crisscross area of land and water, the actual size scope in surface water area and can effectively rationally satisfy the experiment demand and set for, this basin is the rectangle cell body of upper end open-ended, length is 15~25 m, the width is 3~ 6m, the degree of depth is 1~ 3m, the basin is built-in to be filled with the surface water of 0.5~1.5 m dark pollution. The wave pusher is positioned at a wide edge A of a wave water tank structure at a simulated surface water area, a wave pushing plate of the wave pusher is perpendicular to a long edge of the wave water tank structure and is parallel to the wide edge, the distance between the two sides of the long edge of the wave pushing plate and the two sides of the long edge of the wave water tank structure corresponding to the two sides of the long edge of the wave water tank structure is 5-10 cm respectively, the wave pushing plate faces the other wide edge B of the wave water tank structure, the wave period of the wave pusher generated by simulating water conservancy disturbance of a water body is 0.3-5 s, the working time is 6-12 h, the wave pusher is divided into 2-4 times of operation, 1-6 h is carried out every time, the interval between every two adjacent times of operation is 1-3 h, the wave of 5-30 cm generated at the wave pushing plate by simulating water conservancy disturbance of the water conservancy can move to the wide edge B, and the moving distance under the wave breaking factor reaches above a groove with the farthest land-water interface.
The land and water staggered belt system comprises a bank slope base, the bank slope base comprises a bank attached to the wide side B and a slope connected with the bank, and the bank slope base is formed by stacking matrix material cohesive soil and sand stones with the particle size of 0.5-3 cm according to the mass ratio of 1: 9-5: 5. Land formed by extending the wide side B of the wave water tank structure to one side of the wide side A of the bank is 3-6 m in length parallel to the wide side B, and the land above the water surface is provided with a gentle slope with the gradient of 5-10 degrees and is used as a land-bank plant belt area; the slope is formed by extending a contact point of a bank and the water surface to the side of the wide side A to the position below the water surface, the lowest point of the slope is in contact with the bottom of the wave water tank structure, the slope is 10-25 degrees, and the slope is used as an emergent aquatic plant zone area. Land plants are planted in land and bank plant zone areas, and aquatic plants are planted in emergent aquatic plant zone areas.
The grooves are arranged in land and bank plant zone areas, land and bank slope surface topography of the land and bank plant zone areas is improved, the grooves with the same length as the wide sides B are dug in the direction parallel to the wide sides B, 1 groove is arranged at the interval of every 1-3 rows of flowerpots, and the total number is at least more than 2. The cross section of the groove perpendicular to the direction B of the wide side is in an inverted trapezoid shape, the width of the lower bottom side of the trapezoid is 40-60 cm, the width difference between the lower bottom side and the upper bottom surface of the trapezoid is 5-15 cm, and the depth of the trapezoid is 40-60 cm. And a layer of brick of silicon-based porous ceramic material is embedded and paved on the inner surface of the groove, the thickness of the brick is 4-8 cm, three layers of silicon-based porous ceramic material fillers respectively wrapped by mesh bags or cloth bags are filled in the groove, and the thickness of each layer is 6-10 cm.
The flowerpot is also used for modifying the surface topography of a bank slope of a land and bank plant belt area and an emergent water plant belt area, pits arranged in parallel with the wide side B of the wave water tank structure are arranged, the pits of the land and bank plant belt area are arranged in a mode of being from the water surface to the wide side B, 4-8 rows of pit rows are arranged, pits of the emergent water plant belt area are arranged in a mode of being from the water-land junction to the wide side A, 4-6 rows of pit rows are arranged, the upper edges of the pits of two sides of each row of pits close to the long side of the wave water tank structure are respectively attached to the long sides of two sides of the wave water tank, the upper edges of the pits of each row of pits are closely attached to each other in a reverse quadrangular frustum shape, the length and width of the lower bottom surface of a quadrangular frustum concave pit in the land and bank plant zone area are 40-50 cm by 15-25 cm, the length and width of the upper bottom surface are 38-48 cm by 10-20 cm, and the depth is 30-50 cm; the length and width of the lower bottom surface of a quadrangular frustum concave pit in the emergent aquatic plant zone area are 40-50 cm and 20-50 cm, and the length and width of the upper bottom surface are 38-48 cm and 16-48 cm; the depth of the brick is 30-50 cm, a layer of brick of silicon-based porous ceramic material is embedded and paved on the inner surface of the pit, the thickness of the brick is 2-5 cm, the brick is used as a flowerpot, and silicon-based porous ceramic material particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 3cm and soil mixture with the mass ratio of 1-9: 9-1 are filled in the flowerpot.
The grooves and the pit rows are perpendicular to the direction of the wide side B, and the distance between the upper edges of the adjacent grooves and the pit rows or between the adjacent pit rows and the pit rows is 0-5 cm.
The PVC pipes are three PVC pipes with the outer diameter of 110mm, are vertical to the bottom surface of the wave water tank structure and are vertically arranged in the groove, and are arranged in the direction parallel to the long edge of one side of the wave water tank structure from the wide edge B to the wide edge A, and are 0.5-2 m away from the long edge of the wave water tank structure, one PVC pipe is vertically arranged at intervals of 5cm, wherein the lower ends of the first and second PVC pipes are respectively deep into the junction of the first and second layers and the junction of the porous material layers wrapped by the mesh bags or the cloth bags, and the lower end of the third PVC pipe is deep into the junction of the porous material layers wrapped by the mesh bags or the cloth bags and the inner wall of the bottom of the groove; and a pipeline sealing cover with the outer diameter of 110mm is arranged at the lower end of each PVC pipe, and a drilled hole is arranged on the wall of the PVC pipe which is 0-4 cm away from the joint of the pipeline sealing cover and the PVC pipe so as to facilitate water to be collected into the pipe, so that water samples passing through different porous material layers wrapped by mesh bags or cloth bags are taken.
The land and shore plants comprise one or more than two of arbor plants, shrub plants and herbaceous plants, wherein the arbor plants comprise: one or more of weeping willow, Larix Gmelini, and Chinese white poplar; the shrub plants are: one or more of amorpha fruticosa, robinia pseudoacacia and paper mulberry; the herbaceous plants are as follows: one or more of ryegrass, lycoris radiata, cogongrass rhizome and Portulaca grandiflora. Herbaceous plant is planted and is being close to between the surface of water 0~ 2m regional flowerpot in, bush plant is planted and is being apart from between the surface of water 1~ 3m regional flowerpot in, arbor plant is apart from the surface of water 3m to wave water tank structure broadside B regional bank slope base on. Wherein the plant spacing of the arbor plant is 2 x 2m, and the plant spacing of the shrub plant and the herbaceous plant is 4-10 clusters/m2And (5) density planting. The aquatic plant is one or more than two of reed, canna indica and calamus, and is planted in the flowerpot with the water depth of 0-1 m and 4-10 clusters/m2And (5) density planting. In addition, the Portulaca grandiflora in the herbaceous plant is planted on the uppermost layer of the porous material layer wrapped by the mesh bag or the cloth bag in the groove.
The size of the structure, the slope of the bank slope substrate, the division of the land and water staggered belt area, the size of the porous material, the size of the groove, the size of the flowerpot and the like can be changed according to the actual lake and the requirement, and various adjustments can be made on the aspects of form and data details.
The wave pushing device simulates waves generated by lake water conservancy disturbance for 0.3-5 s, the working time per day is 6-12 h, the operation is divided into 2-4 times, 1-6 h is carried out each time, and the interval between every two adjacent operations is 1-3 h; polluted surface water bodies can be simulated in the simulation device of the land-water cross belt system, and pollutants in the water environment comprise one or more than two of the following substances: TP concentration is 0.02-20 mg/L, TN concentration is 0.33-30 mg/L, COD concentration is 10-80 mg/L, chromium (Cr) concentration is 0.08-3.0 mg/L, copper (Cu) concentration is 0.10-10 mg/L, cadmium (Cd) concentration is 0.01-3.00 mg/L, lead (Pb) concentration is 0.05-3.00 mg/L, DDTs concentration is 0.002-5 mg/L, PCBs concentration is 0.004-5 mg/L;
and planting one or more than two of arbor plants, shrub plants, herbaceous plants and aquatic plants in the simulation device, and screening the plants which are suitable for surface water bodies in a pollutant concentration range and have one or more than two purification effects on N, P, COD, heavy metals (one or more than two of Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd and the like), organic pollutants (one or more than two of DDTs, PCBs, PAHs and the like); the change rate W of the biomass (plant dry weight) of the plant in 4-5 months of the experimental periodDMore than or equal to 40 percent of the plant growth vigor is used as a judgment basis, wherein the biomass of the same seedling with the same growth vigor of the same batch of plants is marked as D when the plant growth vigor is planted1And the biomass of the same plant after the test period is recorded as D2The biomass change rate WD ═ D2-D1)/D1When WD is more than or equal to 40%, the plant has a good purification effect, otherwise, the purification effect is not good; and simultaneously determining that the removal rate W of one or more pollutants in water N, P, COD, heavy metals (one or more of Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd and the like) and organic pollutants (one or more of DDTs, PCBs, PAHs and the like) is more than or equal to 50 percent, indicating that the formed amphibious staggered belt system has a better purification effect, otherwise, the net staggered belt systemThe effect is not good; wherein the concentration of water body pollutants before planting plants is respectively C1And respectively recording the concentrations of the water pollutants after the test period as C2The contaminant removal rate W ═ C2-C1)/C1。
The wave pushing plate simulates waves generated by water conservancy disturbance of a water body, the period is 0.3-5 s, the working time of the wave pushing device is 6-12 h every day, the wave pushing device operates for 2-4 times, each time is 3-6 h, and the interval between adjacent secondary operations is 1-3 h; adding different amounts of microbial agents into a water body or plant roots, researching the promoting effect of the microbial agents on nitrogen and phosphorus purification of land staggered zones, and determining the optimal adding amount of the microbial agents; the promoting effect and the optimal adding amount of the microbial agent are determined according to the nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate W of the land-water interlaced belt being more than or equal to 50%, wherein the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of the water body before the microbial agent is added are respectively marked as CP1、CN1And respectively recording the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body as C after the test periodP2、CN2Removal rate of nitrogen WN＝(CN2-CN1)/CN1Removal rate of phosphorus Wp＝(Cp2-CP1) /Cp1When W is more than or equal to 50 percent, the added microbial agent has a good promoting effect on nitrogen and phosphorus removal of the whole amphibious staggered system, otherwise, the promoting effect is not good.
The utility model has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. can simulate different polluted surface water bodies, one or more than two of arbor plants, shrub plants, herbaceous plants and aquatic plants are planted in the simulation device, and the device is used for screening the water bodies which are suitable for the concentration range of pollutants and has high-efficiency purification effect. In addition, the promotion effect of adding the microbial agent on the purification of the eutrophic water body in the water-land interlaced zone under the simulated condition can be researched.
2. According to the utility model, the novel porous material is adopted to mould the surface layer of the bank slope substrate, a new surface infiltration system is formed by combining the original bank slope substrate, pollutants are better adsorbed and accumulated, and the grooves are arranged to prolong the hydraulic retention time and promote the retention and purification of water pollutants.
3. According to the utility model, an amphibious cross-over belt system is constructed to form a surface percolation-phytocoenosis-microbial community system of a porous material and an original bank slope base, and different wave heights and the like generated by simulating actual water body hydraulic disturbance through a wave pushing device are utilized, so that polluted water bodies are intercepted, adsorbed and absorbed under the action of the surface percolation system, plants and microbes. Through continuous hydraulic disturbance circulation and system action, pollutants such as COD, TP, TN, heavy metal (Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb) organic pollutants (DDTs, PCBs, PAHs) and the like in a water body are purified and reduced continuously, the removal rate of the pollutants in the whole experiment period reaches more than 50%, and the water quality is continuously improved.
4. The simulation system can change the set parameters of the simulation device system according to the hydrogeology, meteorological data and other data of different land and water interlaced belts, can simulate the purification effect of the different land and water interlaced belts on pollutants in the water body, and provides a reference foundation for actual construction and application of the land and water interlaced belts to control surface water bodies. Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an amphibious cross-belt pollutant trapping and phytocoenosium reduction simulation device according to the utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 in section at the location of 1-1' according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view 2-2' of the apparatus of FIG. 1 in cross-section according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 in a cross-sectional view taken at the 3-3' position of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view 4-4' sectional view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 according to the present invention;
in the figure: a wave pushing device, a wave pushing plate, a water tank structure, a bank slope base, a groove, a flowerpot, a mesh cloth bag wrapped with porous material filler, soil mixed with porous material, a PVC pipe, a nail, a Populus tomentosa,
-the plant of amorpha fruticosa,
-Portulaca oleracea L.var.grandiflora (Ma.) Makino,
-ryegrass;
-at least one of a plurality of canna,
-water quality monitoring points.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, the following detailed descriptions are provided by specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the claims is not limited thereto.
The preparation of the silicon-based porous ceramic material is derived from the following patent numbers: 202110235005.2, a method for preparing porous functional material for self-crystallization construction of adsorption sites.
A preparation method of a porous functional material for self-crystallization construction of adsorption sites comprises the following steps:
(1) grinding: feeding the iron tailings into a planetary ball mill, grinding the iron tailings into powder, and screening out tailing powder with the particle size distribution range of 30-75 mu m;
(2) mixing materials: according to the mass ratio, tailing powder: shale: (50-70 parts of foaming agent and crystallization aid: 20-40: 4-12), weighing 100 parts of the raw materials, adding the raw materials into a ball milling tank, and uniformly mixing with deionized water;
(3) molding: uniformly filling the mixture into a mold, compacting the surface of the mold, and then putting the mold into an oven for drying and molding;
(4) firing: placing the dried green body into an electric kiln for firing at the firing temperature of 1130-1160 ℃ for 10-30 min, controlling the cooling rate and cooling to room temperature to prepare the porous functional material for self-crystallization construction of adsorption sites, wherein the firing process specifically comprises the following steps:
heating from room temperature to 600-650 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 30-50 min;
heating from 600-650 ℃ to 900-950 ℃ at a heating rate of 3-5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 60-90 min;
heating from 900-950 ℃ to 1130-1160 ℃ at a heating rate of 3-5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 min;
and reducing the temperature from the sintering temperature to 850-950 ℃ at a cooling rate of 15-25 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 70-100 min, and then reducing the temperature to room temperature at a rate of 5-10 ℃/min to obtain the porous functional material.
In the step (1), the iron tailings are high-silicon iron tailings, and the iron tailings comprise 65-71% of phase and mass percent of quartz, 21-26% of hempserite and 8-13% of halloysite; the iron tailings comprise components with the mass percentage of SiO2 70.48-81.39％，Al2O3 3.11-6.62％，CaO 3.08-3.81％，Fe2O3 7.60-13.99％， MgO 3.65-4.94％，K2O 0.74-1.16％，Na2O 0.23-0.43％，TiO2 0.10-0.16％，P2O50.15-0.23％， MnO 0.10-0.23％，SO3 0.01-0.05％。
In the step (1), the shale comprises SiO2 44.69-45.32％，Al2O314.18-15.12％，CaO 17.70-18.90％，Fe2O3 9.18-10.35％，MgO 7.54-8.61％，K2O 2.31-2.89％， TiO2 0.95-1.12％，Na2O 0.26-0.46％，P2O5 0.29-0.40％，MnO 0.21-0.31％，SO30.42-0.52％。
In the step (1), the grinding speed is 300-350 r/min, and the grinding time is 0.5-1 h.
In the step (2), the foaming agent is silicon carbide powder and/or calcium carbonate powder, and the crystallization assistant agent is iron oxide powder and/or calcium carbonate powder.
In the step (2), the foaming agent is silicon carbide powder and calcium carbonate powder, the crystallization assistant is iron oxide powder and calcium carbonate powder, and the foaming agent and the crystallization assistant are uniformly added in a proportion relationship that the silicon carbide powder: calcium carbonate powder: iron oxide powder is 1:2: 2.
In the step (2), mixing the following materials in percentage by weight: 1, (1.5-2) deionized water; the grinding speed is 300-350 r/min, and the mixing time is 3-5 min.
In the step (3), the temperature of the oven is 100-110 ℃, and the drying time is 3-5 h.
In the step (4), the pore diameter ranges of the prepared porous functional material are that phi is less than 1.0mm and accounts for 60%, phi 1.0-2.0 mm and 30%, and phi 2.0-2.5 mm and accounts for 10%; the porosity is 67.19-80.28%, wherein the ratio of the interconnected pores is 87.34-96.39%.
In the step (4), the prepared porous functional material is used for removing total phosphorus in wastewater, and the initial concentration of TP in the wastewater is 1.1-5.5mg/L, the pH value is 7.3-7.6, the TP removal rate is 50.1-69.3%, and the adsorption capacity is 0.387-0.715 mg/g.
Preparation of silicon-based porous ceramic Material used in the following examples (preparation example of silicon-based porous ceramic Material)
(1) Grinding: feeding the iron tailings into a planetary ball mill to be ground into powder, wherein the rotating speed of the ball mill is 350r/min, the ratio of raw materials to grinding balls is 1:2, the grinding time is 0.5h, the particle size of the tailings is mainly distributed in the range of 10-100 mu m and is less than 100 mu m, the percentage of the tailings is more than 80%, and after grinding, screening the tailings powder with the particle size distribution range of 30-75 mu m.
(2) Mixing materials: accurately weighing 70 parts of ground tailing powder, 20 parts of shale, 2 parts of silicon carbide, 4 parts of calcium carbonate and 4 parts of ferric oxide according to a proportion, mixing the mixture and deionized water according to a weight ratio of 1:1.5, adding the mixture into a ball milling tank, wherein the rotating speed of the ball mill is 350r/min, and the mixing time is 5 min;
(3) molding: uniformly filling the mixture into a mold, slightly compacting the surface of the mold, and drying and molding the mold in an oven at the temperature of 110 ℃ for 3 hours;
(4) firing: and putting the dried green body into an electric kiln for firing, gradually heating from room temperature to 650 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min in the heating process, preserving heat for 30min, gradually heating from 650 ℃ to 950 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 60min, gradually heating from 950 ℃ to 1160 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 20 min. And in the cooling process, the temperature is reduced from the sintering temperature to 900 ℃ at the cooling speed of 15 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 90min, the crystal precipitation on the surface of the material is promoted, and then the temperature is reduced to the room temperature at the speed of 10 ℃/min, so that the porous functional material is prepared. The specific gravity of the obtained porous functional material is 0.5853, the aperture ranges from phi <1.0mm to 60%, phi 1.0-2.0 mm to 30% and phi 2.0-2.5 mm to 10%; the porosity is 79.74%, the through-hole ratio is 95.06%, the pore distribution is uniform, a clear and compact skeleton structure is formed, and small holes formed by wall breaking exist on the skeleton of the wall of the large hole.
Through observation and energy spectrum test under a scanning electron microscope on a probe sheet of a sample, the formed hematite and spodumene crystals have the highest degree of self-formation and large area ratio, and have promotion effect on the adsorption effect of low-concentration TP as an adsorption site.
The adsorption condition of the porous functional material to the total phosphorus in the sewage is tested by the same method,
when the initial concentration of TP is 3.2mg/L, the pH value is 7.51, the removal rate of the TP by static adsorption for 4h is 69.3 percent, and the adsorption quantity is 0.443 mg/g;
when the initial concentration of TP was 5.4mg/L, the pH was 7.52, the removal rate by static adsorption for 4 hours was 66.2%, and the adsorption amount was 0.715 mg/g.
Example 1
Fig. 1-5 show an amphibious cross-belt pollutant trapping and plant community reduction simulation device. The device system simulates a lake basin as a water-land staggered zone in a certain area of the Yunnan pond, and the parameters of the simulation device are reduced and simulated according to data such as hydrogeology and the like of the Yunnan pond to meet the scope of the claims so as to meet the requirements of a simulation device system and experiments.
The wave water channel structure of the whole simulation device is a rectangular groove body with an opening at the upper end, and the volume of the groove body is 20 x 4 x 2m3And is filled with eutrophic lake water of 1m depth. A wave pushing device is arranged outside the wide edge A at one end of the wave water channel structure for simulating the lake water area, and a wave pushing plate in the wide edge AThe wave pushing device is connected. Push away ripples board two with wave basin structure third long limit perpendicular, push away two sides that the long limit of ripples board is long apart from wave basin structure third long limit and be 5cm respectively, towards another broadside B of wave basin structure third, set up required parameter through pushing away the ripples ware (r): the wave period is 0.3-5 s, the working time per day is 9h, the operation is divided into 3 times, each time is 3h, the interval between every two adjacent times is 2h, the wave height of 5-30 cm is generated, and the waves reach the position above the uppermost groove of the simulated land and water staggered belt under the wave breaking factor.
Constructing a novel land and water staggered belt system on a wave water tank structure III and a wide side B, and stacking matrix material cohesive soil and 0.5-3 cm of sand according to a mass ratio of 5:2 to form a bank slope base IV, wherein the bank slope base IV comprises a bank attached to the wide side B and a slope connected with the bank, the bank is pointed to the wide side A by the wave water tank structure III, the length of the bank is 4m, and the part above the water surface is provided with a gentle slope with the slope of 8 degrees and serves as a land and bank plant belt area; the slope is formed by extending the contact point of the bank and the water surface to one side of the wide side A, the lowest point of the slope is in contact with the bottom of the wave water tank structure, the slope is 15 degrees, and the slope is used as an emergent aquatic plant zone area. Land plants are planted in land and bank plant zone areas, and aquatic plants are planted in emergent aquatic plant zone areas.
And (3) modifying land bank plant zone bank slope surface topography, digging grooves (v) with the same length as the wide edge (B) along the direction parallel to the wide edge (B), and arranging 1 groove (v) at the interval between every 2 rows of flowerpots (c). The cross section of the groove vertical to the direction B of the wide edge is inverted trapezoid, the width of the lower bottom edge of the trapezoid is 50cm, the width difference between the lower bottom edge and the upper bottom surface of the trapezoid is 10cm, the depth of the groove is 45cm, a layer of brick of silicon-based porous ceramic material is embedded and paved on the inner surface of the groove, the thickness of the brick is 5cm, three layers of porous material layers (c) of silicon-based porous ceramic material filler respectively wrapped by a mesh bag or a cloth bag are filled inside the groove, and the thickness of each layer is 10 cm. Wherein, 3 PVC pipes with the external diameter of 110mm are arranged in the second groove (c), and are arranged along the long edge parallel to one side of the wave water tank structure (c) from the wide edge B to the wide edge A at the position of 0.5m away from the long edge of the wave water tank structure (c). A PVC pipe ninthly is erected every 5cm, wherein the lower ends of a first PVC pipe and a second PVC pipe extend into the junction of the porous material layers wrapped by the mesh bags or the cloth bags of the first layer and the second layer, and the lower ends of the second PVC pipe and the third PVC pipe ninthly extend into the junction of the porous material layers wrapped by the mesh bags or the cloth bags of the third layer and the bottom inner wall of the groove; and a pipeline sealing cover with the outer diameter of 110mm is arranged at the lower end of each PVC pipe, and a drilled hole is formed in the PVC pipe wall 0-4 cm away from the junction of the pipeline sealing cover and the PVC pipe so as to facilitate water collection into the pipe, so that a water sample with a porous material layer wrapped by a mesh bag or a cloth bag is taken.
The land plant belt area and the emergent water plant belt area are subjected to surface topography transformation, pits arranged in parallel with a wave water channel structure third wide side B are arranged, the pits of the land plant belt area are arranged in a mode from the water surface to the wide side B, 6 rows of pit rows are arranged, pits of the emergent water plant belt area are arranged in a mode from the water-land junction to the wide side A, 4 rows of pit rows are arranged, pits at two sides of each row of pits close to the long side of the wave water channel structure third long side are respectively connected with long sides at two sides of the wave water channel structure third wide side, 1 groove is arranged at every 2 rows of pits of the land plant belt area, the pits are connected with the pits, small pits in each row of pits are closely arranged and are of an inverted quadrangular frustum shape, the length and width of the quadrangular frustum surface are 50cm and 20cm, the length and width of the upper bottom surface are 40cm and 10cm, the depth is 30cm, and a layer of silicon-based porous bricks are laid on the inner surfaces of pits, the brick block is 2cm thick and serves as a flowerpot; the pit rows in the emergent aquatic plant zone area are arranged at a spacing of 1cm, the upper edges of the small pits in each row of pits are closely attached and arranged in an inverted quadrangular frustum shape, the length and the width of the lower bottom surface of the quadrangular frustum are 50cm by 50cm, and the length and the width of the upper bottom surface are 46cm by 46 cm; the depth is 50cm, a layer of brick of silicon-based porous ceramic material is embedded and paved on the inner surface of the pit, the thickness of the brick is 2cm, and the brick is used as a flowerpot; and the interior of the flower pot is filled with silicon-based porous ceramic material particles with the mass ratio of 2:3 and the particle size of less than or equal to 3cm and a soil mixture.
The bricks, mesh bags or cloth bags of the silica-based porous ceramic material wrapped with the silica-based porous ceramic material filler laid in example 1 are all from the silica-based porous ceramic material prepared in the preparation example of the silica-based porous ceramic material (patent No. 202110235005.2, a preparation method of porous functional material for self-crystallization construction of adsorption sites).
Planting terrestrial plants including arbor plants, shrub plants and herbaceous plants in the land plant zone, wherein the arbor plant is in the area of the Taurus nobilis (R); the shrub plant is amorpha fruticosa
The herbaceous plants are as follows: lolium perenne
Herba Portulacae
Lolium perenne
Planting the purslane in a flowerpot in an area between 0 and 1.3m close to the water surface
The uppermost layer of porous material layer (c) wrapped by mesh bag or cloth bag planted in the groove (c) is amorpha fruticosa
Planted in the flowerpot (C) between 1.8-3.1 m from the water surface, and planted on the bank slope base in the region between 3.1m from the water surface to the wave water tank structure and the wide side B. Wherein the plant spacing of arbor plant is 2 x 2m, and the plant spacing of shrub plant and herbaceous plant is 4/m2And (5) density planting. Planting canna in emergent aquatic plant area
Flower pot for planting aquatic plant in water depth of 0-0.5 m2And (5) density planting.
Periodically monitoring the water quality at a water quality monitoring point in a simulation period (5-9 months)
Monitoring water quality indexes, wherein the variation rate of Chinese white poplar plants is 48%, the variation rate of amorpha fruticosa plants is 54%, the variation rate of ryegrass plants is 56%, the variation rate of portulaca grandiflora plants is 46%, and the variation rate of canna plants is 63% within 5 months of operation, the plants have good purification effects, can be used for land-water staggered plant community optimization combination, and are convenient for purifying nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in a water body, in addition, the TP content is reduced to 0.23mg/L from 0.65mg/L, and the removal rate reaches 63%;
in addition, TN and COD indexes are monitored, wherein TN content is reduced to 3.22mg/L from 11.50mg/L, and the removal rate reaches 72.00%; the COD content is reduced from 50.00mg/L to 16.00mg/L, and the removal rate reaches 68 percent. From the whole view, the purification system has better action effect in the operation period and is beneficial to improving the quality of the lake water.
Example 2
According to the wave water tanks described in example 1, the same specification (shape and size) as that of example 1 was set, the types and the number of plants were planted as in example 1, and the number of the wave water tanks was three. Selecting Biwofeng Biotech Co., Ltd
The adding amount of the water purifying microbial inoculum is set to be 0.05 percent, 0.1 percent and 0.2 percent of the volume of the treated water, the water purifying microbial inoculum is respectively added into the water bodies of the three simulation devices, and the water quality monitoring points are regularly arranged in the simulation period (5-9 months)
Monitoring the water quality index, and measuring the biomass of the plant.
After the device runs for 5 months, the plant quantity change rates of the populus tomentosa, the amorpha fruticosa, the ryegrass, the portulaca grandiflora and the canna in the device added with the microbial inoculum are obviously increased compared with the plant biomass change rate of the device without the microbial inoculum in the embodiment 1, wherein when the added amount of the microbial inoculum is 0.1%, the plant quantity change rate of the populus tomentosa is increased by 4%, the plant quantity change rate of the amorpha fruticosa is increased by 7%, the plant quantity change rate of the ryegrass is 6%, the plant quantity change rate of the portulaca grandiflora is 2% and the plant quantity change rate of the canna is 10%; when the adding amount of the microbial inoculum is 0.05%, the variation rate of the populus tomentosa plant amount is increased by 2%, the variation rate of the amorpha fruticosa plant amount is increased by 5%, the variation rate of the ryegrass amount is 5%, the variation rate of the portulaca oleracea plant amount is 1%, and the variation rate of the canna plant amount is 7%; when the adding amount of the microbial inoculum is 0.2%, the variation rate of the populus tomentosa plant amount is increased by 1%, the variation rate of the amorpha fruticosa plant amount is increased by 5%, the variation rate of the ryegrass amount is 4%, the variation rate of the portulaca oleracea plant amount is 1%, and the variation rate of the canna plant amount is 7%; and the promotion effects of different adding amounts are ranked to be 0.1% to 0.05% to 0.2%, which shows that the EM microbial inoculum is beneficial to promoting the absorption of plants on nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants. In addition, when the adding amount of the microbial inoculum is 0.1 percent, the TP content is reduced from 0.65mg/L to 0.19mg/L, the removal rate reaches 71 percent, the TN content is reduced from 11.5mg/L to 2.30mg/L, the removal rate reaches 80 percent, the COD content is reduced from 50.00mg/L to 12.50mg/L, and the removal rate reaches 75 percent; when the adding amount of the microbial inoculum is 0.05 percent, the TP content is reduced from 0.65mg/L to 0.21mg/L, the removal rate reaches 68 percent, the TN content is reduced from 11.5mg/L to 2.53mg/L, the removal rate reaches 78 percent, the COD content is reduced from 50.00mg/L to 14.00mg/L, and the removal rate reaches 72 percent; when the adding amount of the microbial inoculum is 0.2 percent, the TP content is reduced from 0.65mg/L to 0.23mg/L, the removal rate reaches 65 percent, the TN content is reduced from 11.5mg/L to 3.00mg/L, the removal rate reaches 74 percent, the COD content is reduced from 50.00mg/L to 15.00mg/L, and the removal rate reaches 70 percent; and the addition amount of the nitrogen and phosphorus removal agent is 0.1 percent, so that the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect is optimal. In the whole view, the addition of the microbial inoculum is favorable for promoting the operation of the land and water staggered system, the relation between the microbial inoculum addition and the treated water volume can be determined under the simulation system, and the determination of the optimal addition is favorable for promoting the land and water staggered zone to improve the water quality of the lake water.
Example 3
In addition, a wave water tank is arranged, compared with the wave water tank described in the embodiment 1, the only difference is that a flowerpot and a groove which are made of silicon-based porous ceramic materials are not arranged on the bank slope substrate in the wave water tank, all the bank slopes are formed by accumulating cohesive soil and sand according to the mass ratio of 5:2, and besides, the wave water tank is arranged according to the specification (shape and size) and the embodiment 1The wave water tanks are the same, the types, the quantities and the positions of the planted plants are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the plants are regularly arranged at water quality monitoring points in a simulation period (5-9 months)
Monitoring a water quality index;
in 5 months of operation, in a wave water tank without a silicon-based porous ceramic material, the variation rate of the populus tomentosa plant quantity is 43%, the variation rate of the amorpha fruticosa plant quantity is 46%, the variation rate of the ryegrass quantity is 47%, the variation rate of the portulaca grandiflora plant quantity is 41%, and the variation rate of the canna plant quantity is 53%; in addition, the TP content is reduced from 0.65mg/L to 0.29mg/L, and the removal rate reaches 55 percent; in addition, TN and COD indexes are monitored, wherein TN content is reduced to 4.6 mg/L from 11.5mg/L, and the removal rate reaches 60%; the COD content is reduced from 50mg/L to 21.5mg/L, and the removal rate reaches 57 percent.
Example 1 compared with example 3, in the condition that the flower pot and the groove made of the silicon-based porous ceramic material are arranged in the wave water tank in example 1, the plant quantity change rate is obviously increased, wherein the plant quantity change rate of the populus tomentosa is increased by 5%, the quantity change rate of the amorpha fruticosa is 8%, the quantity change rate of the ryegrass is 9%, the quantity change rate of the portulaca grandiflora is 5%, and the quantity change rate of the canna plant is 10%; the TP removal rate is increased by 10 percent, the TN removal rate is increased by 12 percent, and the COD removal rate is increased by 11 percent; on the whole, the flowerpot and the groove which are made of the silicon-based porous ceramic material are arranged in the wave water tank, so that the effect of the water-land staggered system is improved, a better effect is shown in the operation period, the growth of plants is promoted, the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus removal are improved, and the improvement of the quality of lake water is better facilitated.
Example 4
A specification (shape and size) is set to be the same as the wave water tank in the embodiment 1, the types, the quantity and the positions of the planted plants are the same as those in the embodiment 1, and the plants are regularly arranged at a water quality monitoring point in a simulation period (5-9 months)
Monitoring the concentrations of heavy metals Cr and Cu in the simulated water body and the concentration change of DDT;
within 5 months of operation, the variation rate of the Chinese white poplar plant quantity is 48%, the variation rate of the amorpha fruticosa plant quantity is 54%, the variation rate of the ryegrass plant quantity is 56%, the variation rate of the Portulaca grandiflora plant quantity is 46%, and the variation rate of the canna plant quantity is 63%; in addition, the Cr content is reduced to 1.41mg/L from 3.00mg/L, and the removal rate reaches 53 percent; the Cu content is reduced to 4.5mg/L from 10.00mg/L, and the removal rate reaches 55 percent; the content of DDTs is reduced from 2.65mg/L to 1.06mg/L, and the removal rate reaches 60 percent. From the whole view, the amphibious interlaced belt system has good purification effect on the removal of heavy metals Cr, Cu and organic pollutants DDTs in the operation period, and is beneficial to the reduction of the heavy metals and organic matters in the water body.
Claims (8)
1. A simulation and simulation device for pollutant capture and plant community reduction in an amphibious staggered belt is characterized by comprising a wave water tank structure, wherein the water tank structure is a rectangular tank body with an opening at the upper end, the length of the tank body is 15-25 m, the width of the tank body is 3-6 m, the depth of the tank body is 1-3 m, and water of a surface water body to be simulated with the depth of 0.5-1.5 m is filled in the water tank; the wave pushing device is arranged at the wide edge A at one side of a wave water channel structure at the simulated lake water area, the surface of one side (namely the surface facing the wide edge B at the other side of the wave water channel structure) of the wave pushing device in the simulated water area, which forms waves, of a wave pushing plate is vertical to the long edge of the wave water channel structure, the wide edge is parallel to the long edge, the distances from the two sides of the long edge of a rectangular wave pushing plate parallel to the wide edge of the wave water channel structure are respectively 5-10 cm, the surface of one side, which forms the waves, of the wave pushing plate faces the wide edge B at the other side of the wave water channel structure, and the wave pushing device can simulate water conservancy disturbance to generate waves, which move to the wide edge B, of wave height (the vertical distance from the wave crest to the horizontal plane) of the waves of the water body by 5-30 cm; an amphibious staggered belt system is arranged at a wide side B in the wave water tank structure, the amphibious staggered belt system comprises a bank slope base, the bank slope base comprises a bank close to the wide side B and a slope connected with the bank, and the bank slope base is formed by stacking matrix materials; the land extends from the wide side B of the wave water tank structure to one side of the wide side A to form land, the length of the land perpendicular to the wide side B is 3-6 m, the width of the land parallel to the wide side B is less than or equal to the length of the wide side B, and the land above the water surface is provided with a gentle slope with the gradient of 5-10 degrees and serves as a land plant belt area; the slope is formed by extending the contact position of the bank and the water surface to the side of the wide side A to the position below the water surface, the lowest point of the slope is in contact with the bottom of the groove, the slope is 10-25 degrees, and the slope is used as an emergent aquatic plant zone area; land plants are planted in land and bank plant zone areas, and aquatic plants are planted in emergent aquatic plant zone areas.
2. The analog simulation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the surface water body is a water body in nature on the earth's surface; such as water in one or more than two of oceans, rivers, lakes or reservoirs;
the land-water staggered belt is a staggered zone of water bodies and land, such as a water body and land area which is within 10-30 m close to the shore of an ocean, a river, a lake or a reservoir.
3. The simulation device of claim 1, wherein when the land and water plant zone and the emergent plant zone are planted, the surface topography of the bank slope is modified; the land and bank plant belt area is provided with grooves parallel to the wide side B of the wave water channel structure and pits arranged in the direction parallel to the wide side, the pits of the land and bank plant belt area are arranged in the direction from the water surface to the wide side B, pit rows are arranged at intervals of one groove width, 4-8 rows of pit rows are arranged, 1 groove is arranged at intervals of every 1-3 rows of pit rows, and at least more than 2 grooves are arranged; the pits of the emergent aquatic plant belt area are arranged in a mode that 4-6 rows of pit rows are arranged from the water-land junction to the wide edge A; and the distance between the adjacent grooves and the pit rows or between the adjacent pit rows and the upper edge of the pit rows in the direction perpendicular to the wide edge B is 0-5 cm.
4. The simulation device according to claim 3, wherein the pit rows are formed by digging a row of pits in the land and shore plant belt region and the emergent water plant belt region in a direction parallel to the wide side B relative to the base of the bank slope, the upper edges of the pits at two sides of each row of pits close to the long side of the wave water channel structure are respectively attached to the long sides of two sides of the wave water channel, the upper edges of the adjacent pits in each row of pits are closely attached, the pits are in the shape of an inverted quadrangular frustum, the length and the width of the lower bottom surface of the quadrangular frustum pit in the land and shore plant belt region are 40-50 cm, 10-20 cm and 30-50 cm; the length and width of the lower bottom surface of a quadrangular frustum concave pit in the emergent aquatic plant zone area are 40-50 cm and 20-50 cm, the length and width of the upper bottom surface are 38-48 cm and 16-48 cm, and the depth is 30-50 cm; embedding and laying a layer of bricks made of silicon-based porous ceramic materials on the inner surface of the pit, wherein the thickness of the laid bricks is 2-5 cm, and the pit is filled with silicon-based porous ceramic material particles and a soil mixture to serve as a flowerpot; the grooves are formed by digging grooves with the same length as the wide sides B in the direction parallel to the wide sides B on the bank slope base in land and bank plant belt areas, the section of each groove perpendicular to the wide sides B is in an inverted trapezoid shape, the width of the lower bottom edge of each trapezoid is 40-60 cm, the width difference between the lower bottom edge and the upper bottom surface is 5-15 cm, and the depth is 40-60 cm; the brick of the silicon-based porous ceramic material is laid on the inner surface of the groove in an embedded mode, the thickness of the laid brick is 4-8 cm, three layers of the silicon-based porous ceramic material filler are filled in the groove, and the thickness of each layer is 6-10 cm.
5. The simulation device according to claim 4, wherein 3 PVC pipes with an outer diameter of 110mm are vertically arranged in a second groove nearest to a water-land interface and are arranged in a direction parallel to a long side of the wave water channel structure from a wide side B to a wide side A, the distance from the long side of the wave water channel structure is 0.5-2 m, and one PVC pipe is vertically arranged at intervals of 5cm, wherein the lower ends of the first and second PVC pipes respectively extend into the junctions of the first and second layers and the mesh bag or cloth bag-wrapped porous material layers, and the lower end of the third PVC pipe extends into the junctions of the mesh bag or cloth bag-wrapped porous material layers and the inner wall of the groove bottom; and a pipeline sealing cover with the outer diameter of 110mm is arranged at the lower end of each PVC pipe, and a drilled hole is arranged on the wall of the PVC pipe which is 0-4 cm away from the joint of the pipeline sealing cover and the PVC pipe so as to facilitate water to be collected into the pipe, so that water samples passing through different mesh bags or cloth bags wrapped porous material layers are taken.
6. The simulation apparatus of claim 4, wherein the silica-based porous ceramic material is prepared from iron tailings of northeast university, has high air permeability and adsorptivity, and is provided with patent number 202110235005.2.
7. The simulation device of claim 1, wherein the wave pusher is a horizontal wave generator, a harbor basin wave generating system of Tianjin Auling Industrial Automation technology, Inc.
8. The simulation apparatus according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the land and shore plants comprise one or more of arbor plants, shrub plants and herbaceous plants; wherein the arbor plant: one or more of weeping willow, Larix Gmelini, and Chinese white poplar; shrub plants: one or more of amorpha fruticosa, robinia pseudoacacia and paper mulberry; herbaceous plants: one or more of ryegrass, lycoris radiata, cogongrass rhizome and portulaca grandiflora; herbaceous plants are planted in flowerpots in an area which is 0-2 m close to the water surface, shrub plants are planted in the flowerpots in an area which is 1-3 m away from the water surface, and arbor plants are planted on the bank slope substrate in an area which is 3m away from the water surface and is between the wide side B of the wave water tank structure; wherein the plant spacing of the arbor plant is 1.5-3.0 x 1.5-3.0 m, and the plant spacing of the shrub plant and the herbaceous plant is 4-10 clusters/m2Planting in density; the aquatic plant is one or more than two of reed, canna indica and calamus, and is planted in the flowerpot with the water depth of 0-1 m and 4-10 clusters/m2Planting in density; in addition, Portulaca grandiflora in the herbaceous plant is planted on the uppermost layer of the porous material layer wrapped by the mesh bag or the cloth bag in the groove.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112913513A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-08 | 云南大学 | Simulated simulation device for pollutant capture and plant community reduction of land and water interlaced belt and application |
| CN117630338A (en) * | 2024-01-25 | 2024-03-01 | 云南大学 | Surface and underground coupled amphibious staggered zone pollutant transportation simulation device and method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112913513A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-08 | 云南大学 | Simulated simulation device for pollutant capture and plant community reduction of land and water interlaced belt and application |
| CN117630338A (en) * | 2024-01-25 | 2024-03-01 | 云南大学 | Surface and underground coupled amphibious staggered zone pollutant transportation simulation device and method |
| CN117630338B (en) * | 2024-01-25 | 2024-04-09 | 云南大学 | Surface and underground coupled amphibious staggered zone pollutant transportation simulation device and method |
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