CN215941518U

CN215941518U - Flexible full-circumference locking turning and milling spindle

Info

Publication number: CN215941518U
Application number: CN202122295176.2U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邱岩; 李亚聪; 张伟; 于雯秋; 肖潇; 杨小娟; 王雪; 王天宇; 张翠青
Original assignee: SHENYANG MACHINE TOOL CO Ltd
Current assignee: SHENYANG MACHINE TOOL CO Ltd
Priority date: 2021-09-23
Filing date: 2021-09-23
Publication date: 2022-03-04
Anticipated expiration: 2031-09-23

Abstract

The utility model relates to a flexible full-circumference locking turning and milling spindle, and belongs to the technical field of numerical control machine tool functional parts. The structure of the motor comprises a spindle mandrel, a spindle sleeve, a motor stator and a motor rotor, wherein a sleeve gland and a front gland are respectively arranged at two ends of the spindle sleeve; the inner circumference of the front gland is provided with an annular oil groove, the surface of the front gland is covered with an annular elastic tensioning friction plate, the inner edge and the outer edge of the front gland are respectively and fixedly connected with the front gland in a full welding way, and a sealing cavity is formed by the front gland and the annular oil groove; an oil receiving nozzle of a liquid quick-change connector is arranged in the front gland through the pressure oil hole, an oil filling nozzle of the liquid quick-change connector is inserted in the oil receiving nozzle, an oil distribution connector is connected above the oil filling nozzle and connected with an external oil pipe, and a lifting control device is connected to the oil filling nozzle. The flexible full-circumference locking turning and milling main shaft ensures the milling and positioning reliability of the main shaft and ensures the high-rigidity turning performance of the main shaft while realizing high-efficiency turning and milling function switching and high-precision positioning.

Description

Flexible full-circumference locking turning and milling spindle

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a flexible full-circumference locking turning and milling spindle, and belongs to the technical field of numerical control machine tool functional parts.

Background

The main shaft is a core functional component of a machine tool, and the requirements on the main shaft of the machine tool are different in different industrial processing fields. Along with the development of the integration degree of the machine tool product process, higher requirements are put on the flexibility and the adaptability of the spindle part.

A high-grade numerical control machine tool represented by a turning and milling composite machining center is widely applied to the machining and manufacturing fields of aerospace, war industry, molds, new energy automobiles and the like. When a main shaft of the turning and milling combined machining center is in a turning state, the main shaft is required to have the function of driving a workpiece to rotate at a high speed; when the milling machine is in a milling state, the main shaft needs to be locked, so that the main shaft can keep high rigidity and static like a workbench; when a complex curved surface is processed, the main shaft needs to rotate at a low speed with high precision to participate in slow feeding interpolation. The turning and milling main shaft with high precision and high rigidity becomes a core component for determining the performance of the turning and milling composite machine tool.

At present, the turning and milling functions of the main shaft are switched into two main structures. One is end-toothed disc hydraulic pressure switching structure: an end-toothed disc structure is adopted at the front end of the main shaft (the front end of the main shaft refers to one end of the main shaft close to a workpiece or a cutter), and a toothed disc is lifted up or falls down through hydraulic power, so that locking and unlocking switching is realized. The structure has good locking rigidity, but the structure is relatively complex, the occupied space is large, the locking precision is influenced by the reverse clearance, the main shaft brake cannot realize arbitrary positioning, and the failure rate is high. The other type is a rear brake block braking loose structure: the brake is usually arranged at the rear end of the main shaft (the rear end of the main shaft refers to the end of the main shaft far away from a workpiece or a cutter), and consists of a sheet circular-ring-shaped brake pad and an oil pressure brake pump, the brake pump works through oil pressure, and the brake calipers are clamped on the front end face and the back end face of the brake pad, so that the turning and milling functions of the main shaft are converted. The structure is simple in design, does not affect the rigidity of the front end of the spindle, but has small locking area and is far away from a machining end, so that the positioning precision is not high during milling. And the rear bearing bears a large load in the working process, so that the bearing is easily damaged. Meanwhile, when the two structures are locked, due to the fact that the locking stroke is slightly long, when the spindle is frequently turned and milled, certain influence is caused on efficiency. In both structures, the main shaft is axially locked, so that collision noise is generated, and certain noise is generated during locking.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to solve the technical problem of providing a flexible full-circumference locking turning and milling main shaft, which ensures the milling and positioning reliability of the main shaft and the high-rigidity turning performance of the main shaft while realizing high-efficiency turning and milling function switching and high-precision positioning.

In order to solve the above problems, the specific technical scheme of the utility model is as follows: a flexible full-circumference locking turning and milling spindle is characterized in that a spindle mandrel arranged in the center is coaxially connected with a spindle sleeve through a bearing, a motor stator and a motor rotor are arranged in an annular cavity between the spindle mandrel and the spindle sleeve, sleeve glands and front glands are respectively arranged at two ends of the spindle sleeve, and the inner circumference of the front gland is in clearance fit with the outer circumference of the spindle mandrel; the inner circumference of the front gland is provided with an annular oil groove, the surface of the annular oil groove is covered with an annular elastic tensioning friction plate, the inner edge and the outer edge of the elastic tensioning friction plate are respectively and fixedly connected with the front gland in a full welding way, and a sealing cavity is formed by the elastic tensioning friction plate and the annular oil groove; the outer circumference of the front gland is provided with a pressure oil hole, the pressure oil hole is communicated with the annular oil groove, an oil receiving nozzle of a liquid quick-change connector is arranged in the pressure oil hole, an oil filling nozzle of the liquid quick-change connector is inserted in the oil receiving nozzle, an oil distribution connector is connected above the oil filling nozzle and is connected with an external oil pipe, a lifting control device is arranged outside the main shaft sleeve, and the upper end of the oil filling nozzle is connected with the lifting control device.

The lifting control device comprises an oil seat and a feeding cylinder, wherein the oil injection nozzle is arranged on the oil seat, a piston rod of the feeding cylinder fixedly connected with the outside is vertically downward, and the piston rod of the feeding cylinder is connected with the oil seat.

The annular oil grooves are arranged in parallel on the inner circumferential surface of the front gland, and the pressure oil hole is communicated with one of the annular oil grooves.

The outer end face of the front gland is provided with a protective cover, the end face of the protective cover, which is contacted with the front gland, is provided with an annular gas groove, the inner circumference of the protective cover, which is close to the end of the front gland, is provided with a chamfer, a plurality of circumferentially and uniformly distributed gas flow grooves are arranged between the chamfer and the annular gas groove, and the gas flow grooves are distributed along the radial direction and communicated with the annular gas groove and the space where the chamfer is located; the front gland is provided with an axial air passing hole I, the main shaft sleeve is provided with a radial air passing hole II, an air passage of the air passing hole II is communicated with the annular air groove through the air passing hole I, and the upper end of the air passing hole II is connected with the pneumatic connector.

The flexible full-circumference locking turning and milling spindle adopts a structure that the front end cover is provided with an oil groove and an elastic tensioning friction plate, and can be switched intermittently and continuously by supplying oil through a liquid quick-change connector. Intermittent oil supply avoids the influence of pressure fluctuation of an oil pressure pipeline on locking force, so that the spindle can provide high and stable locking and positioning accuracy during milling; when flexible continuous oil supply is carried out, the locking and unlocking actions can be quickly responded due to the small amount of used tensioning oil, and the efficient main shaft turning and milling switching beat is ensured.

The protective cover adopts annular air groove and airflow groove structure, makes gas form the circulation air seal structure, makes the main shaft realize effectual protection at abominable processing environment, improves the main shaft life-span.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a turn-milling spindle.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the quick-change coupler insertion.

Fig. 3 is a partial enlarged drawing of the quick-change connector.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the quick-change coupler connected with other parts.

Fig. 5 is a schematic connection diagram of the elastic tension friction plate.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the connection of the protecting cover.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of an air groove on an inner end face of a protective cover.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, in a flexible full-circumference locking turn-milling spindle, a spindle mandrel 7 arranged at the center is coaxially connected with a spindle sleeve 8 through a bearing, a motor stator 26 and a motor rotor 25 are arranged in an annular cavity between the spindle mandrel 7 and the spindle sleeve 8, a sleeve gland 20 and a front gland 18 are respectively arranged at two ends of the spindle sleeve 8, and the inner circumference of the front gland 18 is in clearance fit with the outer circumference of the spindle mandrel 7; the inner circumference of the front gland 18 is provided with a plurality of annular oil grooves 50, the surface of the annular oil groove 50 is covered with an annular elastic tension friction sheet 51, the inner edge and the outer edge of the elastic tension friction sheet 51 are respectively and fixedly connected with the front gland 18 in a full-welding manner, and a sealed cavity is formed with the annular oil groove 50 to serve as an oil pressure locking working area; preferably, a plurality of annular oil grooves (50) are arranged in parallel on the inner circumferential surface of the front gland (18), and the pressure oil hole (52) is communicated with one annular oil groove (50); the outer circumference of the front gland 18 is provided with a pressure oil hole 52, the pressure oil hole 52 is communicated with one of the annular oil grooves 50, an oil receiving nozzle 45 of a liquid quick-change connector is arranged in the pressure oil hole 52, an oil filling nozzle 46 of the liquid quick-change connector is inserted in the oil receiving nozzle 45, an oil distribution connector 47 is connected above the oil filling nozzle 46, the oil distribution connector 47 is connected with an external oil pipe, a lifting control device is arranged outside the spindle sleeve 8, and the upper end of the oil filling nozzle 46 is connected with the lifting control device. The pressure oil entering the annular oil groove enters the locking working area, the elastic tension friction plate 51 is subjected to plastic expansion deformation by injecting certain pressure oil and is tightly held on the cylindrical surface at the front end of the spindle mandrel, and after the oil pressure is removed, the elastic tension friction plate 51 is restored to the original state, the spindle mandrel 7 is loosened, and the spindle locking and loosening switching is completed. The advantage of circumferential encircling locking is obvious: the locking area is large, the locking is synchronous by taking the circumferential radial direction as a main shaft, the locking area is a whole contact cylindrical surface, and the action area is large, so that a large locking force can be provided under the same locking pressure. The full-circumference encircling locking is adopted, collision noise is avoided when an end-toothed disc or a brake pad is locked, rotation balance is achieved to the maximum extent, and low noise and low vibration are achieved.

The quick-change liquid connector adopts a quick-change connector of France historical Dolbel, the type of the quick-change liquid connector is of the STAEUBLI-SPC-06 series, the quick-change connector oil injection nozzle 46 is driven by the feeding cylinder 49 to be inserted and butted with the oil receiving nozzle 45, and pressure oil can smoothly pass through the hydraulic quick-change connector and enter a working position. When the pressure oil enables the tension friction plate to tightly hold the spindle, the feeding cylinder 49 retracts, the oil injection nozzle 46 is separated from the oil receiving nozzle 45, the pressure oil is kept constant by means of the high-pressure sealing function of the oil receiving nozzle 45, and the spindle is in a high-stability milling state. When the spindle is required to have the function of driving a workpiece to rotate at a high speed, the feeding cylinder 49 extends out to finish the insertion action again, the oil injection nozzle 46 does not apply pressure at the moment, pressure oil in a locking working area returns to the hydraulic station by means of the deformation elastic force of the tension friction plate, the spindle brake is loosened, and the circulation action is intermittent oil supply. The other mode is continuous oil supply, the feeding cylinder 49 ensures that the oil injection nozzle 46 and the oil receiving nozzle 45 do not move backwards after being inserted and butted, and the control end valve group on the hydraulic station is used for adjusting oil pressure conversion to realize the switching of locking and unlocking of the main shaft. The structure and the logic realize the intermittent and continuous flexible switching of locking oil supply. Intermittent oil supply avoids the influence of pressure fluctuation of an oil pressure pipeline on locking force, so that the spindle provides high and stable locking and positioning precision during milling; when oil is continuously supplied, the tightening oil quantity of the tightening friction plate is small, the locking and loosening actions can be quickly responded, and the efficient main shaft turning and milling switching beat is ensured. The hydraulic quick-change connector oil filling nozzle 46 and the oil receiving nozzle 45 can perform leak-free plugging and unplugging actions millions of times, and the highest working pressure of the hydraulic quick-change connector oil filling nozzle can completely meet the use requirements of products.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the lifting control device includes an oil seat 48 and a feeding cylinder 49, wherein the oil nozzle 46 is disposed on the oil seat 48, a piston rod of the feeding cylinder 49 fixedly connected with the outside is directed downward, and a piston rod of the feeding cylinder 49 is connected with the oil seat 48. The insertion and extraction of the oil nozzle 46 and the oil distribution joint 47 is performed by the feed operation of the feed cylinder 49.

As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the outer end surface of the front gland 18 is provided with a protective cover 38, the end surface of the protective cover 38 contacting the front gland 18 is provided with an annular air groove 43, the inner circumference of the protective cover 38 near the end of the front gland 18 is provided with an inward chamfer, a plurality of circumferentially distributed air flow grooves 42 are arranged between the chamfer and the annular air groove 43, the air flow grooves 42 are distributed along the radial direction and are communicated with the space where the annular air groove 43 and the chamfer are located; an axial air passing hole I39 is formed in the front gland 18, a radial air passing hole II 40 is formed in the spindle sleeve 8, an air passage of the air passing hole II 40 is communicated with the annular air groove 43 through the air passing hole I39, and the upper end of the air passing hole II 40 is connected with the pneumatic connector 41. When gas with certain pressure enters the pneumatic connector 41, the gas flow is ensured to form an effective sealing gas flow ring on the front end part of the spindle mandrel 7, the problem of spindle failure caused by the fact that cutting fluid and dust enter the spindle to influence the bearing operation can be effectively prevented, and the service life of the spindle is prolonged.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a flexible full circumference locking turn-milling main shaft, main shaft dabber (7) that the center set up pass through bearing and main shaft sleeve (8) coaxial coupling, are equipped with motor stator (26) and electric motor rotor (25) in the annular chamber between main shaft dabber (7) and main shaft sleeve (8), set up sleeve gland (20) and preceding gland (18) respectively at main shaft sleeve (8) both ends, at its characterized in that: the inner circumference of the front gland (18) is in clearance fit with the outer circumference of the spindle mandrel (7); the inner circumference of the front gland (18) is provided with an annular oil groove (50), the surface of the annular oil groove (50) is covered with an annular elastic tension friction sheet (51), the inner edge and the outer edge of the elastic tension friction sheet (51) are respectively and fixedly connected with the front gland (18) in a full-welding manner, and a sealing cavity is formed by the elastic tension friction sheet and the annular oil groove (50); the outer circumference of the front gland (18) is provided with a pressure oil hole (52), the pressure oil hole (52) is communicated with an annular oil groove (50), an oil receiving nozzle (45) of a liquid quick-change connector is arranged in the pressure oil hole (52), an oil filling nozzle (46) of the liquid quick-change connector is inserted in the oil receiving nozzle (45), an oil distribution connector (47) is connected above the oil filling nozzle (46), the oil distribution connector (47) is connected with an external oil pipe, a lifting control device is arranged outside the spindle sleeve (8), and the upper end of the oil filling nozzle (46) is connected with the lifting control device.

2. The flexible full-circumference locking turn-milling spindle of claim 1, wherein: the lifting control device comprises an oil seat (48) and a feeding cylinder (49), wherein the oil injection nozzle (46) is arranged on the oil seat (48), a piston rod of the feeding cylinder (49) fixedly connected with the outside is vertically downward, and a piston rod of the feeding cylinder (49) is connected with the oil seat (48).

3. The flexible full-circumference locking turn-milling spindle of claim 1, wherein: the annular oil grooves (50) are arranged in parallel on the inner circumferential surface of the front gland (18), and the pressure oil hole (52) is communicated with one annular oil groove (50).

4. The flexible full-circumference locking turn-milling spindle of claim 1, wherein: the outer end face of the front gland (18) is provided with a protective cover (38), the end face of the protective cover (38) contacting with the front gland (18) is provided with an annular air groove (43), the inner circumference of the protective cover (38) close to the front gland (18) is provided with a chamfer, a plurality of airflow grooves (42) which are uniformly distributed circumferentially are arranged between the chamfer and the annular air groove (43), and the airflow grooves (42) are distributed along the radial direction and communicated with the annular air groove (43) and the space where the chamfer is located; an axial air passing hole I (39) is formed in the front gland (18), a radial air passing hole II (40) is formed in the spindle sleeve (8), an air passage of the air passing hole II (40) is communicated with the annular air groove (43) through the air passing hole I (39), and the upper end of the air passing hole II (40) is connected with the pneumatic connector (41).