CN215929633U - Gasification combustion chamber and ignition device of pulverized coal boiler ignition oil gun - Google Patents
Gasification combustion chamber and ignition device of pulverized coal boiler ignition oil gun Download PDFInfo
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- CN215929633U CN215929633U CN202121100249.1U CN202121100249U CN215929633U CN 215929633 U CN215929633 U CN 215929633U CN 202121100249 U CN202121100249 U CN 202121100249U CN 215929633 U CN215929633 U CN 215929633U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a gasification combustion chamber and an ignition device of a pulverized coal boiler ignition oil gun, wherein the gasification combustion chamber is of a cylindrical structure and is arranged in a secondary air nozzle, the inlet end of the gasification combustion chamber is away from the edge of the inner side of a hearth by a certain distance, the inlet end of the gasification combustion chamber is also provided with a swirler, and an ignition rod and the oil gun of the ignition oil gun penetrate through the swirler and extend into the gasification combustion chamber. When the ignition oil gun burns, the gasification combustion chamber has a certain heat storage function; meanwhile, the gasification combustion chamber absorbs the early heat of the oil flame and heats the subsequent oil mist. Because the temperature in the gasification combustion chamber is higher, the oil mist is quickly gasified, the gasified fuel oil in a gaseous state, a molecular state and a particle state is fully contacted with air and is violently combusted, and the gasified combustion chamber enables the fuel oil to be more fully combusted. The gasification combustion chamber can avoid the influence on the operation of desulfurization, electrostatic dust collection and denitration SCR equipment, and improves the economic and environmental-friendly performance of the pulverized coal fired boiler.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the liquid fuel combustion technology, and particularly relates to a gasification combustion chamber for improving the ignition mode of a pulverized coal boiler and application thereof.
Background
Taking a pulverized coal boiler with tangential combustion at four corners commonly used in a power station as an example, in a multilayer secondary air nozzle, a plurality of layers of ignition oil guns are selected and arranged, two layers of ignition oil guns are generally arranged, and for a large pulverized coal boiler, three layers, four layers or more layers of ignition oil guns can be arranged. As shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic view of an existing ignition oil gun arrangement, a cyclone 5 ' is installed at an edge inside a secondary air nozzle 1 ' furnace, and when ignited, an ignition rod 3 ' and an oil gun 4 ' are pushed by an ignition rod pusher 6 ' and an oil gun pusher 7 ' to pass through the cyclone 5 ' and enter the furnace (position shown in the drawing), and an oil flame is burned in the furnace; when the cold furnace starts to ignite, a plurality of layers of ignition oil guns are generally put into use at the same time to heat the hearth, and once air pulverized coal is put into the hearth to burn when the temperature of the hearth is higher than the ignition temperature of the pulverized coal. After the pulverized coal flame is stably combusted, the oil gun is ignited to stop oil casting, the ignition rod 3 'and the oil gun 4' are drawn out of the hearth by the ignition rod propeller 6 'and the oil gun propeller 7', and the ignition rod 3 'and the oil gun 4' are returned to the secondary air box 2 'through the secondary air nozzle 1', so that the radiation roasting of the ignition rod 3 'and the oil gun 4' by high-temperature flame in the hearth is avoided, and the service lives of the ignition rod 3 'and the oil gun 4' are ensured. The heat (output) contributed by the burning of the ignition oil gun is generally designed to be about 30% of the rated load heat energy. Therefore, it is important to ensure sufficient combustion of the oil after its ignition.
For a long time, such conventional oil guns have had a number of disadvantages in performance: the oil is atomized by generally adopting a high-pressure jet mechanical atomization technology, the Solter Mean Diameter (SMD) of oil drops is about 120 mu m, the atomization quality is unstable, and when the atomization quality is reduced, the combustion efficiency is reduced; the system has high pressure requirement, long-term maintenance of a circulating state, high energy consumption, easy damage of equipment and high maintenance workload; when the air distribution of the ignition oil gun is insufficient and the oil atomization effect is poor, the oil is incompletely combusted, and the heat loss is high; in the ignition process, oil atomization is poor, flame is generally not bright enough, and sometimes the flame temperature is below 1100 ℃, so that a large amount of black smoke is entrained by the flame front; in severe cases, even the cold ash bucket and the water wall pipe have flowing fuel oil, which is also the root cause that the chimney emits black smoke and the electric dust collector can not be put into the boiler when the boiler is ignited in a cold state; meanwhile, the oil of the ignition oil gun is not completely combusted due to the factors, and unburnt oil drops and carbonized particles in the flue gas influence the normal operation of the denitration SCR equipment, so that the phenomena of catalyst blockage and inactivation are generated, and further stable denitration is influenced; furthermore, unburned oil droplets and carbonized particles also affect the desulfurization effect of limestone in the desulfurization tower.
Therefore, in order to avoid incomplete combustion of the oil gun, it is necessary to improve the performance and combustion manner of the oil gun for ignition and sufficient combustion of the fuel.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Aiming at the long-standing problems in the prior art, the first purpose of the utility model is to provide a gasification combustion chamber of a pulverized coal boiler ignition oil gun, so as to solve the problem that the conventional ignition oil gun causes incomplete combustion of oil due to various factors, and the ignition oil gun realizes an ideal ignition combustion effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the gasification combustion chamber is as follows:
the utility model provides a pulverized coal boiler ignition oil gun's gasification combustion chamber, this gasification combustion chamber are the tubular structure, install inside the overgrate air spout, one section distance in the border of gasification combustion chamber entry end apart from the furnace inboard, the swirler is still installed to the gasification combustion chamber entry end, and ignition rod and the oil gun of ignition oil gun pass the swirler stretches into in the gasification combustion chamber.
Further, the gasification combustor comprises: the flame-proof device comprises a hollow flame-proof cover, an outer barrel sleeved on the outer side of the flame-proof cover, and an annular airflow channel formed between the flame-proof cover and the outer barrel; the flame shield is fixedly connected with the outer cylinder at the outlet end of the gasification combustion chamber; at the inlet end of the gasification combustion chamber, the flame shield and the outer cylinder are fixed through a plurality of support rib plates; and a plurality of air holes are formed in the circumferential direction of the flame isolating cover.
Furthermore, a plurality of air holes in the flame isolating cover are arranged in a staggered mode in the circumferential direction, and the diameter of each air hole is 2 mm-12 mm.
Further, the inner diameter of the flame-proof hood is gradually increased from the middle part of the gasification combustion chamber to the outlet end.
Further, the swirler is fixed in the flame shield.
Further, the flame shield and the outer cylinder are made of heat-resistant steel.
Furthermore, the edge of the outlet end of the gasification combustion chamber is flush with the edge of the inner side of the secondary air nozzle hearth.
Further, the gasification combustion chamber is connected with a secondary air box provided with the secondary air nozzle.
Furthermore, the gasification combustion chamber is connected with an external fixed pipe seat arranged on the outer wall plate of the secondary air box through the swirler, the oil gun sleeve, the ignition rod sleeve and the peephole sleeve.
The gasification combustion chamber of the utility model can bring the following technical effects:
according to the gasification combustion chamber of the pulverized coal boiler ignition oil gun, when the ignition oil gun burns, secondary air flows into the gasification combustion chamber from the cyclone to participate in the burning, and a certain amount of heat is generated in the gasification combustion chamber, so that the gasification combustion chamber has a certain heat storage function; meanwhile, the gasification combustion chamber absorbs the early heat of the oil flame and heats the subsequent oil mist. Because the temperature in the gasification combustion chamber is higher, the oil mist is quickly gasified, and the gasified fuel oil in a gaseous state, a molecular state and a particle state is fully contacted with air and is violently combusted, the gasification combustion chamber has a very obvious combustion strengthening effect on oil flame, so that the fuel oil is more fully combusted. The gasification combustion chamber can avoid the influence on the operation of desulfurization, electrostatic dust collection and denitration SCR equipment, and improves the economic and environmental-friendly performance of the pulverized coal fired boiler.
In the preferred technical scheme of the utility model, one part of secondary air flows into the flame shield from the cyclone to participate in combustion, the other part of secondary air flows into the annular airflow channel between the outer cylinder and the flame shield and enters the flame shield through the air holes arranged on the flame shield, and the part of secondary air forms a wall-attached film-shaped airflow in the flame shield under the impact of the secondary air flow passing through the cyclone, so that the flame shield has good cooling effect and is protected from being burnt out by high-temperature flame. Moreover, the flame shield has a certain heat storage function and absorbs the combustion heat in the earlier stage of oil flame, so that the flame shield can heat the oil mist subsequently entering the flame shield; meanwhile, before the airflow passing through the air holes in the flame barrier cover just flows out of the air holes and is impacted into a wall-attached film-shaped airflow by secondary air airflow passing through the cyclone, micro backflow standing vortexes are formed at the roots of the air holes, and the micro backflow standing vortexes can roll up high-temperature flue gas burnt by oil flames to form a high-temperature field, so that the heating effect of oil mist entering the flame barrier cover subsequently can be enhanced, and the effect of stably heating the subsequent oil mist is achieved. Therefore, under the heat storage and heating action of the flame isolating cover, the gasification combustion chamber has a higher temperature field, oil mist can be instantly gasified, and fuel oil which is in a gaseous state, a molecular state and a particle state after gasification is fully contacted with air and violently combusted, so that the combustion strengthening action of the gasification combustion chamber on oil flame is further enhanced.
The second purpose of the utility model is to provide an ignition device of a pulverized coal boiler, which is used for solving the problem of incomplete combustion of fuel oil caused by the existing ignition device and realizing ideal ignition combustion effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the ignition device is as follows:
an ignition device of a pulverized coal boiler comprises the gasification combustion chamber, a swirler and an ignition oil gun; the ignition oil gun comprises an ignition rod and an oil gun.
The ignition device of the utility model applies the gasification combustion chamber of the utility model, changes the combustion mode of the ignition oil gun, changes the ignition mode of the pulverized coal boiler, and has the technical effect of the gasification combustion chamber of the utility model.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art ignition oil gun;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a gasification combustion chamber of a pulverized coal fired boiler ignition oil gun according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an exemplary pulverized coal fired boiler firing oil lance gasification combustor application of the present invention;
in the figure:
1-a gasification combustion chamber; 1-outer cylinder; 1-2-flame-proof cover; 1-3-supporting rib plate; 2-secondary air nozzle; 3, a swirler; 4-ignition oil gun; 4-1-oil gun; 4-2-an ignition rod; 4-3-oil gun sleeve; 4-a squib rod sleeve; 5, a secondary air box; 6-external fixed tube seat.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the examples of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described examples are only a part of examples of the present invention, and not all examples. All other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art based on examples in the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention without making creative efforts.
As shown in fig. 2-3, the present invention provides a gasification combustion chamber of a pulverized coal fired boiler ignition oil gun, the gasification combustion chamber 1 is a cylindrical structure and is installed inside a secondary air nozzle 2, the inlet end of the gasification combustion chamber 1 is arranged at a distance from the edge of the inner side of the furnace of the secondary air nozzle 2, the inlet end of the gasification combustion chamber 1 is also installed with a cyclone 3, and an ignition rod 4-2 and an oil gun 4-1 of an ignition oil gun 4 penetrate through the cyclone and extend into the gasification combustion chamber 1.
In the gasification combustion chamber of the ignition oil gun of the pulverized coal boiler, when the ignition oil gun 4 burns, secondary air flows into the gasification combustion chamber 1 from the cyclone 3 to participate in the combustion, and certain heat is generated in the gasification combustion chamber 1, so that the gasification combustion chamber 1 has a certain heat storage function; at the same time, the gasification combustion chamber 1 absorbs the early heat of the oil flame and heats the subsequent oil mist. Because the temperature in the gasification combustion chamber 1 is higher, the oil mist is quickly gasified, and the gasified fuel oil in a gaseous state, a molecular state and a particle state is fully contacted with air and is violently combusted, the gasification combustion chamber 1 has a very obvious combustion strengthening effect on oil flame, so that the fuel oil is more fully combusted. The gasification combustion chamber can avoid the influence on the operation of desulfurization, electrostatic dust collection and denitration SCR equipment, and improves the economic and environmental-friendly performance of the pulverized coal fired boiler.
It should be noted that the inlet end of the gasification combustion chamber 1 is disposed at a distance at the edge of the inner side of the furnace of the secondary air nozzle 2, so as to ensure that the cyclone 3 enters the secondary air nozzle 2, and only the head of the oil gun 4-1 and the ignition rod 4-2 penetrates out of the cyclone 3 for a small distance, as shown in fig. 2-3. Therefore, when the boiler operates normally, the high-temperature flame in the hearth cannot influence the oil gun 4-1 and the ignition rod 4-2, and an oil gun propeller and an ignition rod propeller in the conventional ignition structure are not required to be installed, so that the cost is saved, and the operation is convenient.
In the present example, the gasification combustion chamber 1 comprises: the flame-proof device comprises a hollow flame-proof cover 1-2, an outer barrel 1-1 sleeved outside the flame-proof cover 1-2, and an annular airflow channel formed between the flame-proof cover 1-2 and the outer barrel 1-1; at the outlet end of the gasification combustion chamber, a flame-proof cover 1-2 is fixedly connected with an outer cylinder 1-1; at the inlet end of the gasification combustion chamber, a flame shield 1-2 and an outer cylinder 1-1 are fixed through a plurality of supporting rib plates 1-3, specifically, the outer cylinder 1-1 and an isolation shield 1-2 can be fixed through 3-4 supporting rib plates 1-3, and meanwhile, secondary air can enter an annular airflow channel through the intervals between different supporting rib plates 1-3; a plurality of air holes are formed in the circumferential direction of the isolation cover 1-2.
Preferably, the plurality of air holes are circumferentially staggered, and the diameter of each air hole is 2-12 mm.
The ventilation holes of this example are distributed throughout the insulating cover 1-2. The plurality of air holes are circumferentially staggered, the number of the holes, the diameter of the holes and the distance between the holes can be calculated and determined by a person skilled in the art according to the characteristics of the used fuel and the air quantity required by combustion.
The outlet end, the flame shield 1-2 and the outer cylinder 1-1 can be connected by welding; the air holes formed in the circumferential direction of the isolation cover 1-2 are small holes which are far smaller than the inner diameter of any position of the isolation cover 1-2.
When the oil gun 4-1 is burnt, a part of secondary air flows into the flame-proof cover 1-2 from the cyclone 3 to participate in the burning, the other part of secondary air flows into the annular air flow channel between the outer cylinder 1-1 and the flame-proof cover 1-2 and enters the flame-proof cover 1-2 through the air holes arranged on the flame-proof cover 1-2, the part of secondary air is impacted by the secondary air flow passing through the cyclone 3 to form wall-attached film-shaped air flow in the flame-proof cover, and the flame-proof cover 1-2 is well cooled to protect the flame-proof cover from being burnt out by high-temperature flame. Moreover, the flame barrier 1-2 has a certain heat storage function and absorbs the combustion heat in the earlier stage of oil flame, so that the flame barrier 1-2 can heat the oil mist which enters the flame barrier 1-2 subsequently; meanwhile, before the airflow passing through the air holes in the flame insulating cover 1-2 just flows out of the air holes and is impacted into a wall-attached film-shaped airflow by secondary air airflow passing through the cyclone 3, a micro backflow standing vortex is formed at the root parts of the air holes, and the micro backflow standing vortex can roll and absorb high-temperature flue gas burnt by oil flames to form a high-temperature field, can strengthen the heating effect of oil mist subsequently entering the flame insulating cover 1-2, and plays a role in stably heating the subsequent oil mist. Therefore, under the heat storage and heating action of the flame barrier 1-2, the gasification combustion chamber 1 has a higher temperature field, oil mist can be gasified instantly, and fuel oil in gaseous, molecular and particle states after gasification is in full contact with air and is combusted violently, so that the combustion strengthening action of the gasification combustion chamber 1 on oil flame in the example is further enhanced.
In this example, the inner diameter of the muffle 1-2 is gradually increased from the middle of the gasification combustion chamber 1 to the outlet end, so that the oil flame which is vigorously combusted after gasification can be sprayed into the furnace.
In this example, the material of the muffle 1-2 and the outer cylinder 1-1 is heat-resistant steel, specifically, it can be heat-resistant stainless steel containing high chromium, high nickel and high titanium, to prevent the muffle 1-2 and the outer cylinder 1-1 from being burned by high-temperature flame.
In this example, the edge of the outlet end of the gasification combustion chamber 1 is flush with the edge of the inner side of the furnace of the secondary air nozzle 2. The cyclone 3 is further ensured to be arranged inside the secondary air nozzle 2, so that a better gasification combustion effect is convenient to obtain, a better cooling condition of the gasification combustion chamber 1 is convenient to obtain, and long-term safe operation is ensured.
In this example, the gasification combustion chamber 1 is connected to a secondary wind box 5 provided with secondary wind jets 2. Specifically, the gasification combustion chamber 1 is connected with an external fixed pipe seat 6 arranged on an outer wall plate of a secondary air box 5 through a swirler 3, an oil gun sleeve 4-3, an ignition rod sleeve 4-4 and a peephole sleeve. The oil gun 4-1 and the ignition rod 4-2 are convenient to be drawn out for inspection and replacement.
During ignition, the role of the present exemplary gasification combustion chamber is:
when 4 ignitions of ignition oil gun, the wind in the secondary bellows 5 gets into furnace, forms tertiary air supply to oil flame: the primary airflow enters the flame shield 1-2 from the cyclone 3 at one end of the gasification combustion chamber 1, the secondary airflow enters the flame shield 1-2 from the annular gap between the combustion chamber outer cylinder 1-1 and the flame shield 1-2 through the air holes, and the tertiary airflow flows into the hearth from the outside of the gasification combustion chamber 1. The cooperation of the three-level airflow is beneficial to full and complete combustion of oil flame. The fuel oil is subjected to the process from atomization to instant gasification in the gasification combustion chamber 1, so that the ignition oil gun 4 can be quickly ignited, the gasified fuel oil is fully contacted with air to generate violent combustion, and the combustion is more violent after the flame is sprayed into a hearth.
The gasification combustion chamber 1 of the example is arranged in the secondary air nozzle 2, so that the combustion mode of the ignition oil gun 4 is changed, the oil can be ignited at a high speed and is easy to ignite; the combustion is very violent, the flow rate is higher, the jet is powerful, the flame rigidity is strong, the jet distance is far in the hearth, and the flame is longer; after the gasification combustion chamber of the example is installed, the flame temperature is greatly increased, the ignition oil gun 4 is ignited when the boiler is started in a cold state, and the flame can reach 1500-1800 ℃ instantly; the temperature of the whole flame is relatively uniform; the combustion is very sufficient, so that the oil flame has no black smoke phenomenon; the combustion flame is stable, the wind resistance is good, and the disturbance resistance is strong; the excellent combustion effect can avoid the influence on the operation of desulfurization, electrostatic dust collection and denitration SCR equipment, and improves the economic performance and the environmental performance of the pulverized coal fired boiler.
The present example also provides an ignition device for a pulverized coal fired boiler, which corresponds to the application of the gasification burner 1 in the present example. The ignition device comprises a gasification combustion chamber 1, a swirler 3 and an ignition oil gun 4; the ignition oil gun 4 comprises an ignition rod 4-2 and an oil gun 4-1.
After the ignition device is applied to ignition, the oil combustion mode and the oil combustion state in the gasification combustion chamber are different from the conventional oil gun combustion for a long time: the traditional oil gun is used for burning atomized and micro-droplet oil, in particular to the burning of liquid oil droplets with the Sotel average diameter (SMD) of about 120 mu m; the ignition device of the utility model can burn fuel in gaseous state, molecular state and particle state.
Finally, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments taken to illustrate the principles of the present invention, which is not intended to be limiting. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, and these changes and modifications are to be considered as within the scope of the utility model.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a pulverized coal boiler ignition oil gun's gasification combustion chamber, its characterized in that, this gasification combustion chamber is the tubular structure, installs inside the overgrate air spout, one section distance in the border of gasification combustion chamber entry end apart from the furnace inboard, the swirler is still installed to gasification combustion chamber entry end, and ignition rod and the oil gun of ignition oil gun pass the swirler stretches into in the gasification combustion chamber.
2. The gasification combustor of claim 1, comprising: the flame-proof device comprises a hollow flame-proof cover, an outer barrel sleeved on the outer side of the flame-proof cover, and an annular airflow channel formed between the flame-proof cover and the outer barrel; the flame shield is fixedly connected with the outer cylinder at the outlet end of the gasification combustion chamber; at the inlet end of the gasification combustion chamber, the flame shield and the outer cylinder are fixed through a plurality of support rib plates; and a plurality of air holes are formed in the circumferential direction of the flame isolating cover.
3. The gasification combustion chamber as claimed in claim 2, wherein the plurality of air holes on the flame-proof cover are circumferentially staggered, and the diameter of the air holes is 2 mm-12 mm.
4. The gasification combustion chamber of claim 2 wherein the inner diameter of the muffle increases from the middle of the gasification combustion chamber to the outlet end.
5. The gasification combustor of claim 2, wherein the swirler is secured inside a muffle.
6. The gasification combustion chamber as claimed in claim 2, wherein the flame shroud and the outer cylinder are made of heat-resistant steel.
7. The gasification combustion chamber of claim 1 wherein the edge of the outlet end of the gasification combustion chamber is flush with the edge of the inside of the overfire air jet hearth.
8. The gasification combustion chamber of claim 1, wherein the gasification combustion chamber is connected to a secondary windbox in which the secondary air jets are located.
9. The gasification combustion chamber of claim 8, wherein the gasification combustion chamber is connected to an external fixed tube socket mounted on the secondary windbox outer wall panel through the swirler, oil lance sleeve, firing rod sleeve, and peephole sleeve.
10. An ignition device of a pulverized coal fired boiler, comprising a gasification combustion chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 9, a swirler, an ignition oil gun; the ignition oil gun comprises an ignition rod and an oil gun.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202121100249.1U CN215929633U (en) | 2021-05-21 | 2021-05-21 | Gasification combustion chamber and ignition device of pulverized coal boiler ignition oil gun |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202121100249.1U CN215929633U (en) | 2021-05-21 | 2021-05-21 | Gasification combustion chamber and ignition device of pulverized coal boiler ignition oil gun |
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| CN215929633U true CN215929633U (en) | 2022-03-01 |
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| CN202121100249.1U Active CN215929633U (en) | 2021-05-21 | 2021-05-21 | Gasification combustion chamber and ignition device of pulverized coal boiler ignition oil gun |
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