Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the utility model easy to understand, the utility model is further described with the specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: the grafting and cutting device 100 comprises a hanging frame 3, and a scion seedling clamping mechanism 1 and a cutting mechanism 2 which are arranged on the hanging frame 3; the scion seedling clamping mechanism 1 is arranged to be capable of clamping a row of plants (the scion seedlings 4 are clamped in the figure 1), and the scion seedling clamping mechanism 1 can lift relative to the hanging frame 3;
the cutting mechanism 2 comprises tool holders 21 respectively positioned at two opposite sides of the scion seedling clamping mechanism 1 and tools 22 arranged on the tool holders 21 at each side, the tools 22 are arranged to slide up and down along an inclined direction relative to the tool holders 21, and when the tools 22 at two sides slide down towards each other in an inclined manner, a row of plants positioned between the tools 22 at two sides can be cut.
The grafting and cutting device 100 can cut the scion to be grafted, and in the specific operation, the scion seedling clamping mechanism 1 is aligned to a row of scion seedlings 4 and lifted to a proper position to clamp the row of scion seedlings 4, then the cutters 22 on two sides slide downwards in an inclined mode to respectively cut from two opposite sides of the clamped scion seedlings 4, a row of scions clamped by the scion seedling clamping mechanism 1 is obtained, and the lower ends of the row of scions are formed into a V-shaped structure by the cutters on two sides.
When grafting the cut scion on a row of stocks, the grafting and cutting device 100 may be moved to above the stocks, the upper ends of the stocks are cut from both sides by using the cutters 22 of the grafting and cutting device, a V-shaped port is formed at the upper end of the stock, and then the scions held by the scion seedling holding mechanism 1 are placed on the V-shaped ports of each stock in a one-to-one correspondence.
The grafting and cutting device provided by the utility model can be used for V-shaped grafting of plants, the grafting and cutting device is adopted to cut the plants in batches during grafting, the grafting efficiency is effectively improved, the labor cost is reduced, the grafting and cutting device is suitable for large-scale grafting of seedlings in seedling raising factories, the contact between grafting personnel and the plants can be reduced by adopting the grafting and cutting device to cut the plants, the artificial pollution to plant cuts is avoided, and the grafting quality is effectively improved.
In one embodiment, the structure of the scion seedling clamping mechanism 1 is as shown in fig. 2, and the scion seedling clamping mechanism 1 comprises: a mounting frame (not shown) and a clamping assembly mounted on the mounting frame, the mounting frame being elevatably mounted on the suspension frame 3;
the clamping assembly comprises a first inner clamping plate 11 and a second inner clamping plate 12, wherein the first inner clamping plate 11 and the second inner clamping plate 12 are arranged to be capable of moving relatively to clamp plants and release the clamped plants;
the clamping assembly further comprises a first outer clamping plate 13 positioned on the outer side of the first inner clamping plate 11 and a second outer clamping plate 14 positioned on the outer side of the second inner clamping plate 12, a first spring 15 is arranged between the first outer clamping plate 13 and the first inner clamping plate 11, and a second spring 16 is arranged between the second outer clamping plate 14 and the second inner clamping plate 12;
the first outer clamping plate 13 is provided with a push rod 18, the push rod 18 movably penetrates through the first inner clamping plate 11, and when the first outer clamping plate 13 is pushed towards the direction of the first inner clamping plate 11, the push rod 18 can push the second inner clamping plate 12 to move away from the first inner clamping plate 11, so that the first inner clamping plate 11 and the second inner clamping plate 12 are opened to accommodate plants to be clamped or loosen the clamped plants; when the first outer clamping plate 13 is released, the first outer clamping plate 13 carries the push rod 18 away from the second inner clamping plate 12 under the action of the first spring 15, so that the second inner clamping plate 12 is closed with the first inner clamping plate 11 under the action of the second spring 16.
For convenient operation, preferably, the tip of first inner splint 11 and first outer splint 13 is provided with handle 19 respectively, and the handle 19 of gripping first inner splint 11 and first outer splint 13 tip makes push rod 18 can promote second inner splint 12 when first outer splint 13 and first inner splint 11 draw close together to second inner splint 12 opens with first inner splint 11, and when loosening handle 19, first outer splint 13 drives push rod 18 under the effect of first spring 15 and keeps away from second inner splint 12, thereby second inner splint 12 is closed with first inner splint 11 under the effect of second spring 16.
The both ends of first inner splint 11 and first outer splint 13 are provided with handle 19 respectively, operate from both ends, can make the interval between first inner splint 11 and the second inner splint 12 unanimous in length direction, do benefit to the centre gripping plant.
In order to avoid the injury to the plants caused by the over-tight clamping of the first inner splint 11 and the second inner splint 12, a limiting part 17 is arranged between the first inner splint 11 and the second inner splint 12, and the limiting part 17 is arranged to limit the minimum distance between the first inner splint 11 and the second inner splint 12 when the inner splint is closed. The minimum distance between the first inner clamping plate 11 and the second inner clamping plate 12 is set to be not too tight for clamping the plant while the plant can be clamped, and the distance limited by the limiting part 17 can be specifically set according to the stem thickness of the clamped plant.
The stopper member 17 is a bolt fixed to one of the first inner clamp plate 11 and the second inner clamp plate 12, and a tip end of a bolt shaft of the bolt is disposed so as to abut against the other of the first inner clamp plate 11 and the second inner clamp plate 12 when the second inner clamp plate 12 is closed with the first inner clamp plate 11. As shown in fig. 2, a bolt serving as a stopper member 17 is mounted on the second inner clamp 12, and when the first inner clamp 11 and the second inner clamp 12 are closed, a bolt shaft of the bolt can abut against the first inner clamp 11 to restrict a gap between the first inner clamp 11 and the second inner clamp 12.
The sides of the first and second inner clamping plates 11 and 12 facing each other are provided with flexible cushioning portions 111, respectively, for contacting a plant to be clamped.
Specifically, a plurality of gaps are formed at intervals on the side surfaces of the first inner clamping plate 11 and the second inner clamping plate 12 facing each other, the gaps are preferably arc-shaped to fit with the stems of the plants, and the flexible buffer parts 111 are arranged on the gaps.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the scion seedling holding mechanism 1 capable of holding a row of plants is not limited to the above configuration, and other configurations are possible.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the cutting mechanism 2 includes a knife rest 21 and a knife 22 mounted on the knife rest 21, which are respectively located at two opposite sides of the scion seedling holding mechanism 1, a return spring 23 is disposed between the knife rest 21 and the knife 22, and after the knives 22 at two sides slide down to cut plants, the knife 22 can slide up to a preset position under the action of the return spring 23.
Specifically, a plurality of cutters 22 are arranged on the cutter frame 21 on each side, and a pair of cutters arranged opposite to each other on the two sides is used for cutting a plant; fig. 3 shows that the cutters 22 are provided with connecting holes 221, the connecting rod passes through the connecting holes 221 of the cutters 22 to connect the cutters together, wherein the connecting rod is provided with an operating handle 26 for driving the cutters to slide downwards integrally, and the cutters 22 can slide downwards relative to the tool rest 21 by holding the operating handle 26 with a hand and pressing downwards, it can be understood that the cutters 22 on each side are not limited to be provided in plurality, and each side can also be provided with a strip-shaped cutter capable of cutting a row of plants.
After the cutter 22 slides down to cut the plant, the operating handle 26 is released, and the cutter 22 slides up to a preset position by the return spring 23.
In the present embodiment, the tool holder 21 is provided with a first stopper 24, the tool 22 is provided with a second stopper 25, and the first stopper 24 and the second stopper 25 are configured to cooperate with each other to limit the sliding position of the tool 22. Wherein, the position of the first block 24 and the second block 25 is set as that when the cutter 22 slides down to the first block 24 and the second block 25, the blades of the cutters 22 at two sides just contact to complete the cutting of the scion seedling, but do not form mutual pressure to affect the cutting quality.
The first stopper 24 is arranged to be adjustable up and down in position on the knife rest 21, the second stopper 25 is arranged to be adjustable up and down in position on the cutter 22, and the positions of the first stopper 24 and the second stopper 25 and the angle between the knife rest 21 and the suspension bracket 3 can be adjusted according to the thickness of the stem of the plant to be cut.
The tool holder 21 is arranged to be adjustable in angle with the suspension frame 3, and specifically, the tool holder 21 can be rotatably connected to the suspension frame 3 through a rotating shaft and can be locked to the suspension frame 3 at a plurality of positions, and the angle of the tool holder 21 relative to the suspension frame 3 can be adjusted by adjusting the locking position of the tool holder 21 on the adjusting disk.
The utility model also provides a batch grafting device, as shown in fig. 4, the batch grafting device comprises the above grafting and cutting device 100, an operation frame 200 and a rootstock fixing clamp 300.
The suspension frame 3 of the grafting and cutting device 100 is suspended on the operation frame 200 in a liftable manner and can move transversely relative to the operation frame 200 to a position above the stock fixing clamp 300. Wherein, a first guide rail 201 is arranged above the operation frame 200, and the suspension frame 3 of the grafting and cutting device 100 moves transversely along the first guide rail 201.
The batch grafting apparatus further comprises a rootstock tray 500 for carrying at least one row of rootstocks 5 and a scion seedling tray 400 for carrying at least one row of scion seedlings 4.
A second guide rail 202 is provided below the handling frame 200, and the stock tray 500 and the scion seedling tray 400 can move along the second guide rail 202.
The stock fixing clamp 300 is arranged to be capable of clamping a row of stocks 5, the stock fixing clamp 300 is mounted on the operation frame 200 and can be lifted relative to the operation frame 200, fig. 1 shows that the operation frame 200 is provided with a support frame 204, and the mounting frame of the stock fixing clamp 300 is mounted on the support frame 204 in a lifting manner. The stock fixture 300 may have the same structure as the scion seedling fixture 1.
When the anvil plate 500 moves along the second guide rail 202 so that one row of the rootstocks 5 corresponds to the rootstock fixing jig 300, the rootstock fixing jig 300 descends and holds the corresponding row of the rootstocks 5.
When the scion seedling tray 400 moves along the second guide rail 202 so that one row of scion seedlings 4 corresponds to the scion seedling clamping mechanism 1, the cutter 22 of the grafting and cutting device 100 clamps and cuts the corresponding row of scion seedlings 4 to obtain scions to be grafted. Then the grafting and cutting device 100 moves to a position above the stock fixing clamp 300 along the first guide rail 201, so that the scion clamped by the scion seedling clamping mechanism 1 corresponds to the stock clamped by the stock fixing clamp 300 below, the suspension bracket 3 can be stopped by the stopping component 203 arranged on the operation bracket 200, the grafting and cutting device 100 is limited at a preset position above the stock fixing clamp 300, then the grafting and cutting device 100 adopts the cutter 22 to cut the corresponding row of stocks 5, a V-shaped interface is formed at the upper end of each stock 5, and the scion seedling clamping mechanism 1 inserts the clamped scion into the V-shaped interface formed at the upper end of each stock 5.
A specific process for grafting plants using the batch grafting device provided by the present invention will be described below according to an embodiment with reference to fig. 4 and 5.
1. Adjusting and sowing: the scion seedlings 4 on the scion seedling tray 400 and the rootstocks 5 on the rootstock tray 500 are positioned and sown by using a precision positioning seeder, so that the plant spacing is ensured to be consistent. Wherein, the stock 5 can be sown for 3-5 days in advance, so that the stem of the stock 5 is roughly thicker than that of the scion seedling 4 when being grafted.
2. Equipment debugging:
(1) seedling tray position calibration: marking the optimal parking positions of the anvil plate 500 and the scion seedling plate 400 on the operation frame 200;
(2) debugging the stock fixing clamp 300 (the structure of the stock fixing clamp 300 is the same as that of the scion seedling fixing clamp 1): adjusting a limiting part 17 of the rootstock fixing clamp 300 according to the stem thickness of the rootstock 5, so that the distance between the first inner splint 11 and the second inner splint 12 of the rootstock fixing clamp 300 in a closed state accords with the stem thickness of the rootstock 5;
(3) debugging the grafting and cutting device 100: adjusting a limiting part 17 of the scion seedling clamping mechanism 1 according to the stem thickness of the scion seedlings 4, so that the distance between the first inner clamping plate 11 and the second inner clamping plate 12 in the closed state accords with the stem thickness of the scion seedlings 4, and adjusting the angle of a knife rest 21 of the cutting mechanism 2 relative to the hanging frame 3 and the position of a first blocking stop 24 or a second blocking stop 25 according to the stem thickness of the scion seedlings 4;
(4) the position of the stopping part 203 on the operation frame 200 is adjusted so that the scion clamped by the grafting and cutting device 100 when moving transversely to the position of the stopping part 203 is just above the rootstock 5 clamped by the rootstock fixing clamp 300.
3. Adjusting the position before grafting operation: adjusting the rootstock fixing clamp 300 to a position higher than the rootstock 5 in the rootstock tray 500; the graft cutting device 100 is integrally adjusted to a position higher than the scion seedling 4 in the scion seedling tray 400.
4. Positioning the seedling disk: the rootstock tray 500 carrying the rows of the rootstocks 5 and the scion seedling tray 400 carrying the rows of the scion seedlings 4 to be cut are slid to the optimal parking positions along the second guide rails 202 of the handling frame 200.
5. Stock fixation: knead handle 19 of stock mounting fixture 300, push rod 18 on the first outer splint 13 of stock mounting fixture 300 promotes the second inner splint 12 and keeps away from first inner splint 11, thereby stock mounting fixture 300 is in the state of opening, descend stock mounting fixture 300 to the suitable position of the one row of stock 5 of centre gripping, loosen handle 19, first outer splint 13 resets under the effect of first spring 15, the second inner splint 12 is closed with first inner splint 11 under the effect of second spring 16, the one row of stock 5 of centre gripping.
6. And (3) fixing scion seedlings: the graft cutting device 100 is slid along the first guide rail 201 of the handling frame 200 to above the scion seedling tray 400, aligning a row of scion seedlings 4 to be cut. Kneading the handle 19 of the scion seedling clamping mechanism 1, opening the first inner clamping plate 11 and the second inner clamping plate 12, descending the scion seedling clamping mechanism 1 to a proper position for clamping the scion seedlings 4, loosening the handle 19, closing the second inner clamping plate 12 and the first inner clamping plate 11 and fixing the scion seedlings 4.
7. Scion cutting: the two hands respectively hold the operating handles 26 of the grafting and cutting device 100 and press down, so that the cutter 22 cuts at the preset cutting position of the scion seedling 4 to obtain the scion to be grafted. The operating handle 26 is loosened, the cutter 22 is reset under the action of the reset spring 23, and then the scion seedling clamping mechanism 1 with the scion is lifted to a certain height.
8. Moving the scion: the grafting and cutting device 100 is raised to a certain height, and the grafting and cutting device 100 is moved to the upper side of the rootstock fixing jig 300 along the first guide rail 201, so that the gripped scion is directed to the row of rootstocks 5 gripped by the rootstock fixing jig 300.
9. Cutting the rootstock: the grafting and cutting device 100 is lowered to a certain position, the operating handle 26 is held by two hands respectively and pressed downwards, the cutter 22 is made to cut at the upper end of the stock 5, a V-shaped port is formed at the upper end of the stock 5, the operating handle 26 is loosened, and the cutter 22 is reset under the action of the reset spring 23.
10. Inserting the scions: the scion seedling clamping mechanism 1 is moved downwards to a certain position, and the scion is inserted into the V-shaped port of the stock 5. The handle 19 of the root stock fixing clamp 300 is kneaded, the first inner splint 11 and the second inner splint 12 of the root stock fixing clamp 300 are opened, the root stock fixing clamp 300 moves downwards, the handle 19 is loosened, the first inner splint 11 and the second inner splint 12 are closed, and the root stock is clamped at the lower position of the root stock 21 again.
11. Resetting the grafting and cutting device 100: kneading the handle 19 of the scion seedling clamping mechanism 1 to open the scion seedling clamping mechanism 1, lifting the grafting and cutting device 100 to a certain height, leaving the scion seedling clamping mechanism 1 from the scion, then loosening the handle 19, kneading the scion seedling clamping mechanism 1 to close, and moving the grafting and cutting device 100 to the position corresponding to the next row of scion seedlings of the scion seedling tray 400 along the first guide rail 201.
12. Fixing a grafting opening: along the arrangement direction of the rootstock 5, the disposable grafting clip clamps the grafting opening along the upper edges of the first inner splint 11 and the second inner splint 12 of the rootstock fixing clamp 300, and the scion is fixed on the rootstock 5.
13. The rootstock fixing clamp 300 resets: the handle 19 of the rootstock fixing clamp 300 is kneaded, the first inner splint 11 and the second inner splint 12 of the rootstock fixing clamp 300 are opened, the rootstock fixing clamp 300 is pushed up to be higher than the top of the grafted scion on the rootstock 5, the handle 19 is loosened, and the rootstock fixing clamp 300 is reset under the action of the spring.
14. And (3) seedling tray moving out: and moving the stock tray so that the stock fixing clamp 1 corresponds to the other row of stocks 51 of the stock tray 5, grafting the next row of stocks, and moving the stock tray 500 and the scion seedling tray 400 out of the operating frame 20 along the second guide rail 202 until the whole-tray grafting is completed.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the utility model and its advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the utility model is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the utility model being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.