CN215855938U - Quick system charcoal device of small-size straw field head - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a small-sized straw field head rapid charcoal making device, relates to the technical field of biomass recycling, and solves the technical problem of low resource utilization rate in the straw carbonization process; after the gasification gas is combusted, organic wastewater containing potassium is generated after filtering and dedusting and can be used as fertilizer for returning to the field. Meanwhile, heat generated by combustion of the gasified gas is supplied by the detachable heat exchanger according to needs. The device collects breakage, gasification, burning, heat supply in an organic whole, has stopped the waste of energy when making charcoal still field fast with the straw, and the waste water of production returns the field as fertilizer. The device simple structure, reliable and stable, convenient operation can realize fast carbon production in order to improve soil to accomplish waste water utilization, realized the high-efficient straw of handling of zero release, have the prospect of popularization and application.

Description

Quick system charcoal device of small-size straw field head

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of biomass recycling, in particular to a small-sized straw field head rapid charcoal making device.

Background

The straws refer to the stem and leaf parts left after the crops such as rice, wheat, corn and the like are threshed, 29 hundred million tons of crop straws are produced all over the world at present every year, and more than 7 hundred million tons of straws can be produced every year in China. Before industrialization, straws are often used as feed and domestic fuel, and ash after combustion is used as fertilizer for returning to fields; due to popularization of coal, electricity and natural gas and abundance of various industrial products, the demand of rural areas on straws is greatly reduced, the treatment of a large amount of straws becomes a serious problem, and farmers still burn the straws directly in the fields in many places to cause serious environmental pollution problems and waste of renewable resources.

The crop straw is an organic matter, which is composed of combustible matter, inorganic matter and water, and mainly contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, a small amount of nitrogen, a small amount of sulfur and other elements. The straw has the characteristics of high yield and scattered producing areas, and the transportation cost caused by centralized treatment is a great obstacle, so the straw is returned to the field and utilized as a convenient and efficient treatment mode. The traditional straw returning method is that the straws are directly applied to soil or are piled up and decomposed, the period is long, and the efficiency is low. The carbonization treatment of the crop straws for preparing the charcoal and returning the charcoal to the field is another efficient way for fully utilizing the agricultural wastes as biomass raw materials. The charcoal is a good soil conditioner, can solve soil hardening, enables the soil to be loose and breathable, and enhances the water and fertilizer retention; it is a good antidote, and can reduce the harm of residual pesticide. The method can effectively improve the soil by returning the straw carbon to the field, and is an economic, environment-friendly and efficient straw utilization mode.

The existing straw carbonization equipment generally carbonizes the straws in a high-temperature environment, adopts a closed stove type, needs a closed carbonization chamber for carbonization after primary feeding, discharges materials after carbonization, cannot work continuously, and has low carbon production efficiency; secondly, in the discharging and re-feeding processes, the heat loss is large, the economical efficiency is poor, in addition, in the carbonization process, because the straws are in a relatively closed environment, combustible gas generated by the decomposition of the straws cannot be utilized, the great waste is caused, and the resources in the whole straw carbonization process are not utilized to the maximum extent.

Therefore, the design of a small-sized straw field head rapid charcoal making device to rapidly carbonize and return the straws to the field on site and efficiently utilize resources generated in the carbonization process is an urgent problem to be solved.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The application provides a quick system charcoal device of small-size straw field head, its technical purpose realizes that the straw is quick carbomorphism is returned to the field on the spot to the resource that produces among the high-efficient utilization carbonization process.

The technical purpose of the application is realized by the following technical scheme:

a small-sized straw field head rapid charcoal making device comprises a feeding module, an air supply module, a charcoal making module, a combustion module, a filtering module and a heat supply module;

the feeding module comprises a crusher; the gas supply module comprises a first fan and a gas supply pipeline, the gas supply pipeline comprises a gasification gas supply pipeline, a combustion gas supply pipeline and a cooling gas supply pipeline, and the first fan is connected with the gasification gas supply pipeline, the combustion gas supply pipeline and the cooling gas supply pipeline;

the charcoal making module comprises a chain furnace, a gasification chamber and a water spraying device, wherein the chain furnace is connected with the gasification chamber, and the water spraying device is arranged at the outlet of the chain furnace; the combustion module comprises a combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber is connected with the gasification chamber; the filtering module comprises a filter, a water film dust remover and a second fan, the filter is connected with the combustion chamber, and an inlet of the water film dust remover is connected with the second fan; the heat supply module comprises a heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger is connected with the filter and the second fan;

the crusher is connected with the chain furnace, and the gasification gas supply pipeline is positioned below the chain furnace and connected with the chain furnace; the combustion gas supply pipeline is positioned between the gasification chamber and the combustion chamber and is connected with the gasification chamber and the combustion chamber; the cooling gas supply pipeline is connected with an inlet of the second fan.

The beneficial effect of this application lies in: according to the small-sized straw field head rapid charcoal making device, crushed straws are poured into a chain furnace for gasification, and biochar generated by gasification is sprayed with water for cooling and then is directly returned to the field; after the gasification gas is combusted, organic wastewater containing potassium is generated after filtering and dedusting and can be used as fertilizer for returning to the field. Meanwhile, heat generated by combustion of the gasified gas is supplied by the detachable heat exchanger according to needs. The device collects breakage, gasification, burning, heat supply in an organic whole, has stopped the waste of energy when making charcoal still field fast with the straw, and the waste water of production returns the field as fertilizer. The device simple structure, reliable and stable, convenient operation can realize fast carbon production in order to improve soil to accomplish waste water utilization, realized the high-efficient straw of handling of zero release, have the prospect of popularization and application.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the apparatus of the present application;

in the figure: 1-a crusher; 2-chain furnace; 3-a gasification chamber; 4-a water spraying device; 5-a combustion chamber; 6-a filter; 7-a heat exchanger; 8-a first fan; 9-a second fan; 10-water dust scrubber; 11-a spraying device; 12-a gasification gas supply pipeline; 13-a combustion gas supply duct; and 14, cooling and supplying air pipelines.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the device according to the present application, and as shown in FIG. 1, the device includes a feeding module for crushing straws and feeding materials, a gas supply module for supplying gas for gasification, combustion and cooling, a char-making module for gasifying the straws and producing char, a combustion module for treating gasified gas, a filtering module for removing dust, and a heat supply module for supplying heat as required.

The feeding module comprises a crusher 1.

The air supply module comprises a first fan 8 and an air supply pipeline, the air supply pipeline comprises a gasification air supply pipeline 12, a combustion air supply pipeline 13 and a cooling air supply pipeline 14, and the flow of each pipeline can be adjusted as required. The first fan 8 is connected with a gasification gas supply pipeline 12, a combustion gas supply pipeline 13 and a cooling gas supply pipeline 14.

The charcoal making module comprises a chain furnace 2, a gasification chamber 3 and a water spraying device 4, wherein the chain furnace 2 is connected with the gasification chamber 3, and the water spraying device 4 is arranged at the outlet position of the chain furnace 2. The crusher 1 is also connected with the conveyor furnace 2.

The combustion module comprises a combustion chamber 5, and the combustion chamber 5 is connected with the gasification chamber 3; the filtration module comprises a filter 6, a water dust scrubber 10 and a second fan 9, the filter 6 is connected with the combustion chamber 5, and an inlet of the water dust scrubber 10 is connected with the second fan 9.

The heat supply module comprises a heat exchanger 7, and the heat exchanger 7 is connected with both the filter 6 and the second fan 9.

The gasification air supply pipeline 12 is positioned below the chain furnace 2 and connected with the chain furnace 2 to supply air required by gasification; the combustion air supply pipeline 13 is positioned between the gasification chamber 3 and the combustion chamber 5, is connected with both the gasification chamber 3 and the combustion chamber 5, and supplies air required by combustion; the cooling gas supply pipeline 14 is connected with an inlet of the second fan 9 and is mixed with flue gas to cool to 150 +/-20 ℃.

Specifically, the chain furnace 2 of the charcoal making module is used for receiving crushed straws and carrying out gasification reaction in a gasification chamber 3, wherein the gasification temperature is 600 +/-50 ℃; the gasified gas and the combustion gas are mixed and then enter a combustion chamber 5; the biochar falls down from the outlet of the chain furnace 2, and can be directly returned to the field after being sprayed with water for cooling.

The combustion module is used for treating gasified gas, the combustion temperature in the combustion chamber 5 is 850 +/-50 ℃, and the tail gas pipeline is connected with the high-temperature ceramic filter 6 of the filtering module.

The high-temperature ceramic filter 6 of the filtering module is used for filtering high-temperature combustion gas generation, the filtered gas is introduced into the detachable heat exchanger 7, mixed with cooling gas and cooled to a target temperature range, then introduced into the water film dust collector 10 by the second fan 9, and the potassium-containing organic wastewater is produced after dust removal and is introduced into the field spraying device 11 to be returned to the field as fertilizer.

The heat supply module is detachable heat exchanger 7 for retrieve the burning heat production, look local demand heat supply, and do not influence the system normal operating after dismantling.

To sum up, the device of this application can realize that the quick system charcoal of straw is returned the field, concentrates system charcoal and can bring great cost of transportation, and traditional straw is returned the field and is had cycle length, inefficiency etc. shortcoming, and this application has realized the quick system charcoal of field and the maximize utilization of resource.

The device simple structure, operation are reliable and stable, are fit for the field and handle the straw on the spot, and the practicality is stronger.

The device can better utilize the heat energy that the gas combustion produced, adds detachable heat exchanger in the device, realizes the heat supply according to local real-time demand.

The device carbonizes and returns the straws to the field, thereby realizing the purpose of improving the soil; meanwhile, the waste water after gasification, gas generation, combustion and filtration contains plant ash, can be sprayed to farmlands to serve as organic fertilizer, and plays a positive role in the quality of land and the yield of crops.

The foregoing is an exemplary embodiment of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (3)

1. A small-sized straw field head rapid charcoal making device is characterized by comprising a feeding module, an air supply module, a charcoal making module, a combustion module, a filtering module and a heat supply module;

the feeding module comprises a crusher; the gas supply module comprises a first fan and a gas supply pipeline, the gas supply pipeline comprises a gasification gas supply pipeline, a combustion gas supply pipeline and a cooling gas supply pipeline, and the first fan is connected with the gasification gas supply pipeline, the combustion gas supply pipeline and the cooling gas supply pipeline;

the charcoal making module comprises a chain furnace, a gasification chamber and a water spraying device, wherein the chain furnace is connected with the gasification chamber, and the water spraying device is arranged at the outlet of the chain furnace; the combustion module comprises a combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber is connected with the gasification chamber; the filtering module comprises a filter, a water film dust remover and a second fan, the filter is connected with the combustion chamber, and an inlet of the water film dust remover is connected with the second fan; the heat supply module comprises a heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger is connected with the filter and the second fan;

the crusher is connected with the chain furnace, and the gasification gas supply pipeline is positioned below the chain furnace and connected with the chain furnace; the combustion gas supply pipeline is positioned between the gasification chamber and the combustion chamber and is connected with the gasification chamber and the combustion chamber; the cooling gas supply pipeline is connected with an inlet of the second fan.

2. The char-making apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a spraying device is connected to an outlet of said water dust scrubber.

3. The char-making apparatus of claim 1, wherein the filter is a high temperature ceramic filter and the heat exchanger is a removable heat exchanger.

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