CN215745446U - Centralized fly ash high-temperature melting vitrification utilization system - Google Patents
Centralized fly ash high-temperature melting vitrification utilization system Download PDFInfo
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- CN215745446U CN215745446U CN202121518443.1U CN202121518443U CN215745446U CN 215745446 U CN215745446 U CN 215745446U CN 202121518443 U CN202121518443 U CN 202121518443U CN 215745446 U CN215745446 U CN 215745446U
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a centralized fly ash high-temperature melting vitrification utilization system, which comprises a vortex combustion chamber, a burnout chamber, a hearth, a waste heat recovery system and a flue gas treatment system which are sequentially connected, wherein a feed inlet of the vortex combustion chamber is respectively connected with output ends of an oxygen generator, a fuel buffer tank, an additive buffer tank and a fly ash buffer tank, an input end of the fuel buffer tank is connected with a fuel storage tank, an input end of the additive buffer tank is connected with the additive storage tank, an input end of the fly ash buffer tank is connected with a sealed storage tank for intensively storing fly ash, and the flue gas treatment system is used for collecting secondary fly ash in flue gas and sending the secondary fly ash into a melting system again. The method solves the problems of complex treatment process, large fuel consumption, incomplete vitrification and poor economical efficiency in the high-temperature melting process of the incineration fly ash.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of high-temperature melting vitrification, in particular to a centralized fly ash high-temperature melting vitrification utilization system.
Background
At present, methods for treating a large amount of fly ash generated by a waste incineration boiler include cement solidification, chelating agent stabilization and the like, and secondary pollution is not easy to occur after treatment by the methods. The cement solidification chelating agent stabilizing technology is adopted, the leaching rate of a cement solidification body is high, the capacity of the cement solidification body is high, the fly ash volume is increased, pretreatment is needed or an additive is needed, the solidification of cement paste is possibly influenced, the cost is increased, the alkalinity of the cement enables ammonium ions to be changed into ammonia gas to be released, and when chemical sludge is treated, the mixture is difficult to discharge due to the generation of jelly.
The high-temperature melting method is an important path for harmlessly treating waste incineration which is recognized at present. In the melting and temperature rising process of the fly ash, a large amount of dioxin toxic organic matters contained in the fly ash are decomposed at high temperature and are thoroughly eliminated, and a large amount of heavy metals are encapsulated in a glass body with abnormally stable chemical properties after being cooled along with a melt, so that the harmless treatment of the fly ash is realized. Researches show that the energy consumption for treating the fly ash by adopting a high-temperature melting method is very high, so the fly ash treatment cost is very high, meanwhile, the high-temperature tail gas of a melting furnace cannot be directly discharged into the atmosphere due to the fact that the high-temperature tail gas contains a large amount of heavy metal and smoke dust, complex equipment for cooling, heavy metal removal, dust removal and the like is needed, the system is complex, and the cost of one-time investment and operation and maintenance is very high.
The high-temperature melting process system is difficult to be suitable for the centralized treatment of the fly ash with large volume, and has the problems of high equipment cost, complex system method and high operation cost, thereby limiting the large-scale application and popularization of the fly ash melting technology.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model mainly solves the technical problems that: the utility model aims to provide a centralized fly ash high-temperature melting vitrification utilization system to solve the problems of complex treatment process, high fuel consumption, incomplete vitrification and poor economy in the fly ash incineration high-temperature melting process. The system adopts a flying ash centralized treatment station type design, utilizes pure oxygen as combustion-supporting gas to melt flying ash, is compact and simple, combines intelligent control, and has high automation degree and good economical efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a centralized fly ash high-temperature melting vitrification utilization system, which comprises a vortex combustion chamber, a burnout chamber, a hearth, a waste heat recovery system and a flue gas treatment system which are sequentially connected, wherein a feed inlet of the vortex combustion chamber is respectively connected with output ends of an oxygen generator, a fuel buffer tank, an additive buffer tank and a fly ash buffer tank, an input end of the fuel buffer tank is connected with a fuel storage tank, an input end of the additive buffer tank is connected with the additive storage tank, an input end of the fly ash buffer tank is connected with a sealed storage tank for intensively storing fly ash, and the flue gas treatment system is used for collecting secondary fly ash in flue gas and sending the secondary fly ash into a melting system again.
Preferably, the vortex combustion chamber is obliquely and fixedly arranged on the sidewall of the burnout chamber and communicated with the inner cavity of the burnout chamber, and the hearth is fixedly arranged at the top of the burnout chamber and communicated with the inner cavity of the burnout chamber; the feed inlet of the vortex combustion chamber comprises a first inlet arranged on the axial direction of the vortex combustion chamber and a grid-shaped second inlet arranged on the side wall of the vortex combustion chamber, and the tail part of the vortex combustion chamber is provided with a cone structure; the discharge gate of vortex combustion chamber is connected with one time row cinder notch, and one time row cinder notch other end is connected with the slagging pipe that sets up in the burnout chamber below, and slagging pipe below has arranged the sealed water-cooling scummer of correspondence.
It is further preferred that the oxygen generator and the fuel buffer tank are connected in parallel, premixed through the first delivery pipe and then respectively led to the first inlet and the second inlet, and the additive buffer tank and the fly ash buffer tank are connected in parallel, premixed through the second delivery pipe and then respectively led to the first inlet and the second inlet.
It is still further preferred that the slag discharge pipe is provided with a smoke extraction port, and the smoke extraction port is connected to the first conveying pipeline.
Still further preferably, the flue gas treatment system comprises a fly ash collecting device, a chilling deacidification tower and a denitration system which are connected in sequence, the fly ash collected by the fly ash collecting device is led to the second conveying pipeline, and the flue gas part treated by the fly ash collecting device is pumped to the first conveying pipeline.
Still further preferably, the fly ash collecting device further comprises a water washing device and a crystallization salt separating device, wherein the water washing device is connected between the fly ash collecting device and the second conveying pipeline, and the crystallization salt separating device is respectively connected with the sealed water-cooling slag remover and the water washing device.
Compared with the prior art, the centralized fly ash high-temperature melting vitrification utilization method has the following advantages:
1. the design of a fly ash melting centralized system is adopted, the system is compact and concise, intelligent control is combined, the automation degree of the system is high, and the economical efficiency is good.
2. Pure oxygen is used as combustion-supporting gas, so that nitrogen accounting for 79% of the volume ratio in air is prevented from being brought into a system, and on one hand, the pure oxygen improves the theoretical combustion temperature, so that fly ash is rapidly melted at high temperature; on the other hand, nitrogen is reduced, namely heat brought into a tail boiler by high-temperature flue gas is reduced, and compared with the same fused fly ash, the required fuel cost is saved.
3. Because pure oxygen is adopted for combustion supporting, no nitrogen is participated, the original generation amount of nitrogen oxides at high temperature is greatly reduced, and the tail part can basically realize low-nitrogen emission through denitration in the furnace.
4. High-temperature vortex combustion is adopted to form secondary reflux, so that the residence time of the fly ash at high temperature is prolonged, 100 percent of the fly ash is completely melted, the fly ash is completely vitrified under the action of a special additive, and the content of a vitreous body is more than 90 percent.
5. The flue gas desulfurization adopts a furnace top alkaline method for desulfurization, and has good removal effect on nitrogen oxides in the flue gas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the vortex combustor of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure in the direction a in fig. 2.
Reference numerals: 1-a vortex combustor; 2-a burnout chamber; 3-hearth; 4-a waste heat recovery system; 5-a fly ash trapping device; 6-chilling an acid removal tower; 7-a denitration system; 8-oxygen generator; 9-fuel buffer tank; 10-additive buffer tank; 11-a fly ash surge tank; 12-a flow controller; 13-primary slag discharge port; 14-a slag discharge pipe; 15-a suction port; 16-a first delivery conduit; 17-a second delivery duct; 18-a water washing device; 19-a crystallization salt separation device; 20-a sealed water-cooled slag separator; 21-a fuel storage tank; 22-additive storage tank; 23-sealing the storage tank; 24-a first inlet; 25-a second inlet; 26-pyramidal structure.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the present patent.
As shown in figures 1-3, all fly ash burned by incinerators in the administrative region of a certain province and city will be sent to the fly ash centralized treatment station of the present invention, in which pure oxygen is made by an oxygen generator 8, fly ash is stored by a sealed storage tank 23, additives are stored by an additive storage tank 22, fuel is stored by a fuel storage tank 21, and the additives, fuel, stored fly ash and the made pure oxygen are pneumatically transported to the fly ash high temperature melting vitrification utilization system of the present invention, which adopts the principle of high temperature vortex combustion.
The system of high temperature melting vitrification of this embodiment is including the vortex combustion chamber 1, burn out room 2, furnace 3, waste heat recovery system 4 and the flue gas processing system that connect gradually, and vortex combustion chamber 1 is used for receiving additive, fuel, pure oxygen and the fly ash of inputing and concentrating the storage, and the flue gas processing system is arranged in the secondary fly ash of entrapment flue gas and sends into melting system and purification flue gas discharge to reach standard. Wherein, the oxygenerator 8 is connected to the feed inlet of vortex combustion chamber 1 through first pipeline 16 after parallelly connected with fuel buffer tank 9 to dispose flow controller 12, through the proportion of control fuel and pure oxygen, can realize fuel high temperature burning and the weak reductive atmosphere in vortex combustion chamber 1. The additive buffer tank 10 and the fly ash buffer tank 11 are connected in parallel and then connected to the feed inlet of the vortex combustor 1 through a second conveying pipeline 17, and are provided with a flow controller 12. The additive component comprises SiO2Crushed glass slagAnd CaF2The melting temperature of the fly ash can be effectively reduced, and the vitrification degree is high. Wherein the first and second transfer ducts 16, 17 are branched off to a first inlet 24 and a second inlet 25 on the side wall, respectively, by means of a star-shaped feed valve.
The vortex combustion chamber 1 is obliquely and fixedly arranged on the side wall of the burnout chamber 2 and communicated with the inner cavity of the burnout chamber, and the hearth 3 is fixedly arranged at the top of the burnout chamber 2 and communicated with the inner cavity of the burnout chamber; the vortex combustion chamber 1 is cylindrical, the feed inlet of the vortex combustion chamber 1 comprises a first inlet 24 arranged on the axial direction of the vortex combustion chamber and a grid-shaped second inlet 25 arranged on the side wall of the vortex combustion chamber, and the tail part of the vortex combustion chamber 1 is provided with a cone structure 26. Because the second inlet 25 is arranged in a grid shape and is provided with a plurality of grid openings, the output ends of the fly ash, the fuel, the air and the additive can be reasonably arranged on different grid openings respectively, so as to achieve better high-temperature melting effect.
The method is characterized in that vortex combustion is realized by adding fuel and additive and high-temperature combustion-supporting pure oxygen in a vortex combustion chamber 1 to form extremely high temperature, the central temperature can reach at least 1800-1900 ℃, the fly ash entering the vortex combustion chamber 1 is melted completely instantly, the fly ash in the vortex combustion chamber 1 moves to the tail end of the vortex combustion along a spiral line along the direction of a cylinder wall from the inlet end of the combustion chamber under the carrying of high-speed rotating airflow, and the fly ash undergoes secondary backflow along the direction of a central line again under the action of a cone structure specially designed at the tail part, so that the residence time of the fly ash in the high-temperature combustion chamber is greatly improved, the melting rate of the outlet fly ash is controlled, and 100% melting of the fly ash can be guaranteed.
The main source of the air distribution in the vortex combustion chamber 1 is that the oxygen generator 8 provides pure oxygen, and the pure oxygen reduces about 79% of nitrogen in volume ratio compared with air, so that no nitrogen participates in reaction in the pure oxygen, on one hand, the theoretical combustion temperature in the vortex combustion chamber 1 is improved, the theoretical combustion temperature reaches more than 2000 ℃, and the melting of materials at high temperature is facilitated; on the other hand, the flue gas amount generated by fuel combustion in the system is greatly reduced, the heat brought into the boiler body by high-temperature flue gas is greatly reduced, the fuel amount can be saved by about 30-40% when the unit fly ash treatment amount is melted, and the original generation amount of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas is obviously reduced by more than 90% because no nitrogen participates in the reaction at high temperature.
The molten ash flies to the wall of the combustion chamber under the action of rotating centrifugal force and is captured by the wall of the combustion chamber to form a layer of slag film, a certain inclination angle is arranged through the combustion chamber, a high-temperature liquid film gradually flows downwards under the left and right sides of the rotational flow and gravity and flows out of the combustion chamber through a tail end primary slag discharge port 13, the other end of the primary slag discharge port 13 is connected with a slag discharge pipe 14 arranged below the burnout chamber 2, and a sealed water-cooling slag remover is correspondingly arranged below the slag discharge pipe 14.
Combustion smoke in the vortex combustion chamber 1 is led out from an outlet at the tail part of the vortex combustion chamber 1 and then enters the burnout chamber 2, the high-temperature smoke is slightly downwards rushed and then upwards folded out, and a downward outlet faces to a secondary leading-out port of high-temperature slag, so that the purpose of keeping the temperature of a secondary slag melting port by using the high temperature of the high-temperature smoke is realized, and the secondary slag port is prevented from being blocked due to slag cooling to influence the operation of the device. The flame in the burnout chamber 2 can reach extension, and the untrapped molten droplets and the unburnt carbon-containing particles contained in the high-speed airflow have enough residence time and extension space in the burnout chamber 2, so that the unburnt particles and combustible gas in the fuel are completely converted, and meanwhile, when the folded combustion flue gas ascends, the folded combustion flue gas meets a slag condensing pipe at the top of the burnout chamber 2, and the purposes of cooling and condensing residual slag particles in the flue gas are realized. The temperature of the outlet of the burnout chamber 2 is controlled within 1200-1300 ℃.
The treatment capacity of the fly ash is large in the centralized treatment station, the treatment capacity of each treatment station per day is at least more than 100 tons/day, the vortex combustion chamber 1 is a core device for high-temperature melting of the fly ash, and a plurality of vortex combustion furnace heads are arranged on a boiler body of a high-temperature melting furnace of the treatment station, so that the fly ash melting load of the treatment station can be effectively adjusted. The vortex combustion chamber 1 can adopt the opposite-impact arrangement of two side walls, and the flue gas at the outlet of the combustion chamber controls the aggregation of melts in the fly ash through the impact flow in the burnout chamber 2, so that the capture of fly ash droplets in the high-temperature flue gas is enhanced. When the plurality of vortex combustion chambers 1 are arranged, the vortex combustion chambers can be arranged along the tangential direction of the furnace body.
The dust-containing flue gas after preliminary cooling goes upward to enter a hearth 3, the flue gas in the furnace is further cooled, an SNCR spray gun (not shown in the figure) is arranged in the hearth 3, and the nitrogen oxide in the flue gas in the furnace is removed by spraying liquid ammonia or urea into the furnace, so that the additional burden of removing the nitrogen oxide is not increased for the subsequent process.
The cooled flue gas is then led out of the hearth 3 and enters a tail waste heat recovery system 4 (a waste heat boiler, a dust remover and an air preheater), the cooled flue gas is sent into a tail flue gas treatment facility of an incineration system according to the characteristics of fly ash materials, and due to pure oxygen combustion, no nitrogen exists in the flue gas, the flue gas volume is extremely low, the flue gas treatment capacity is small, and the environmental protection investment of denitrification, desulfurization, dust removal and activated carbon injection is greatly reduced.
And a causticizing system and an SNCR spray gun can be arranged in the system for spraying at the same time, wherein sodium carbonate sodium salt formed by sodium salt in the fly ash at high temperature and purchased calcium hydroxide are subjected to causticizing reaction to generate alkaline sodium hydroxide, and the sodium hydroxide is used for spraying flue gas at the top of the high-temperature melting furnace to remove sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides.
The flue gas treatment system comprises a fly ash trapping device 5, a chilling deacidification tower 6 and a denitration system 7, the trapped fly ash can be sent into the melting system again, the circulation is carried out, the system only has a solid waste outlet of vitrified slag at the bottom of the combustion furnace all the time, and therefore the purposes of zero pollution and zero landfill of solid waste, hazardous waste and the like are really achieved. The vitrified slag can be used as roadbed or building material resource.
And a washing device 18 is connected between the fly ash trapping device 5 and the second conveying pipeline 17, chloride, sulfate and nitrate obtained by secondary fly ash washing and chloride in water in a bottom slag pool are sent into a wastewater evaporation system together, as fly ash and slag are subjected to high-temperature treatment, solid materials and salt do not contain any organic matters and heavy metal substances, sewage is only saline wastewater, salt substances are crystallized, evaporated and recycled through a crystallization salt separation device 19, and meanwhile, the generated salt-free wastewater is recycled, so that the water consumption of the system is reduced.
The fuel buffer tank 9, the additive buffer tank 10 and the fly ash buffer tank 11 are arranged for buffering flow change caused by pneumatic transmission and ensuring the constancy of subsequent furnace entering measurement parameters.
The bottom of the fly ash melting furnace is provided with a sealed water-cooling slag remover 20 which can rapidly quench the slag to form a vitreous body. The slag discharge pipe 14 at the bottom of the fly ash melting furnace is provided with a smoke extraction port 15 connected to a first conveying pipeline 16, and the smoke extraction port has the main functions of extracting part of smoke flow in the hearth 3 to ensure the high temperature of the slag discharge port at the bottom of the melting furnace, simultaneously extracting part of water vapor generated by chilling at the lower part, mixing and then conveying the mixture into a combustion-supporting oxygen pipe or an inlet of a subsequent dust remover.
In order to make the process achieve the best working effect and meet the overall performance requirement of the process, the key in the design is to control the supply proportion of the fly ash, the fuel and the pure oxygen. In the vortex combustion chamber 1, in the feeding process of the first inlet 24, only mixed fuel and pure oxygen are introduced into the first inlet 24, the wind speed of the first inlet 24 (the wind speed is generated by pneumatic transmission of the fuel and the pure oxygen) is controlled to be more than 15-20 m/s, in the feeding process of the second inlet 25, the wind speed of the second inlet 25 (the wind speed is also generated by pneumatic transmission of the fuel and the pure oxygen) is controlled to be more than 120m/s, fly ash is injected from the secant direction through a grid port of the second inlet (the grid port is different from the fuel and the pure oxygen inlet), the introduction speed of the fly ash is controlled to be 40-60 m/s, and the feeding amount of the fly ash accounts for 100% of the total feeding amount of the fly ash. Temperature and pressure measuring points are also arranged in the process system, and gas component content sample collecting and detecting points are arranged in the flue so as to meet the control of the key factors.
The process is suitable for fly ash produced by various incineration processes, such as fly ash produced by a waste incineration boiler, fly ash produced by a waste liquid incinerator, fly ash of a coal-fired boiler, carbon-containing fly ash of a gasification furnace, fly ash produced by a heavy metal refining furnace, ore sand fine powder with the thickness of less than 0.1mm for producing glass and the like, and the fly ash can be sent to a high-temperature melting vitrification concentration station of the utility model to realize vitrification recycling treatment of the fly ash.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the utility model.
Claims (7)
1. A centralized fly ash high-temperature melting vitrification utilization system is characterized in that: including vortex combustion chamber (1) that connects gradually, burn out room (2), furnace (3), waste heat recovery system (4) and flue gas processing system, the feed inlet of vortex combustion chamber (1) respectively with oxygenerator (8), fuel buffer tank (9), the output of additive buffer tank (10) and flying dust buffer tank (11) is connected, the input and the fuel storage tank (21) of fuel buffer tank (9) are connected, the input and the additive storage tank (22) of additive buffer tank (10) are connected, the input and the sealed storage tank (23) that are used for concentrating to store the flying dust of flying dust buffer tank (11) are connected, flue gas processing system is arranged in the secondary flying dust of entrapment flue gas and sends into melting system once more with it.
2. The system for centralized fly ash high-temperature melting vitrification utilization according to claim 1, wherein: the vortex combustion chamber (1) is obliquely and fixedly arranged on the side wall of the burnout chamber (2) and communicated with the inner cavity of the burnout chamber, and the hearth (3) is fixedly arranged at the top of the burnout chamber (2) and communicated with the inner cavity of the burnout chamber; the feed inlet of the vortex combustion chamber (1) comprises a first inlet (24) arranged on the axial direction of the vortex combustion chamber and a grid-shaped second inlet (25) arranged on the side wall of the vortex combustion chamber, and the tail part of the vortex combustion chamber (1) is provided with a cone structure (26); a discharge hole of the vortex combustion chamber (1) is connected with a primary slag discharge hole (13), the other end of the primary slag discharge hole (13) is connected with a slag discharge pipe (14) arranged below the burnout chamber (2), and a sealed water-cooling slag remover (20) is correspondingly arranged below the slag discharge pipe (14).
3. The system for centralized fly ash high-temperature melting vitrification utilization according to claim 2, wherein: the oxygen generator (8) and the fuel buffer tank (9) are connected in parallel, premixed through a first conveying pipeline (16) and then respectively communicated with the first inlet (24) and the second inlet (25), and the additive buffer tank (10) and the fly ash buffer tank (11) are connected in parallel, premixed through a second conveying pipeline (17) and then respectively communicated with the first inlet (24) and the second inlet (25).
4. The system for centralized fly ash high temperature melting vitrification utilization according to claim 3, wherein: a smoke pumping hole (15) is formed in the slag discharging pipe (14), and the smoke pumping hole (15) is connected to the first conveying pipeline (16).
5. The system for centralized fly ash high temperature melting vitrification utilization according to claim 3, wherein: the flue gas treatment system comprises a fly ash trapping device (5), a chilling deacidification tower (6) and a denitration system (7) which are sequentially connected, fly ash trapped by the fly ash trapping device (5) is led to a second conveying pipeline (17), and the flue gas part treated by the fly ash trapping device (5) is pumped to a first conveying pipeline (16).
6. The system for centralized fly ash high temperature melting vitrification utilization according to claim 5, wherein: the fly ash collecting device is characterized by further comprising a water washing device (18) and a crystallization salt separating device (19), wherein the water washing device (18) is connected between the fly ash collecting device (5) and the second conveying pipeline (17), and the crystallization salt separating device (19) is respectively connected with the sealed water-cooling slag remover (20) and the water washing device (18).
7. The system for centralized fly ash high-temperature melting vitrification utilization according to claim 1, wherein: a spray gun is arranged in the hearth (3).
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| CN113477668A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-10-08 | 武汉武锅能源工程有限公司 | Centralized fly ash high-temperature melting vitrification utilization system and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113477668A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-10-08 | 武汉武锅能源工程有限公司 | Centralized fly ash high-temperature melting vitrification utilization system and method |
| CN113477668B (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2024-04-16 | 武汉武锅能源工程有限公司 | Centralized fly ash high-temperature melting vitrification utilization system and method |
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