CN215579071U - SIW horn antenna loaded by adopting near-zero metamaterial - Google Patents
SIW horn antenna loaded by adopting near-zero metamaterial Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a SIW (substrate integrated waveguide) horn antenna loaded by adopting a near-zero metamaterial, which comprises a dielectric substrate, a semi-open SIW horn antenna and a near-zero super surface, wherein the dielectric substrate is provided with a plurality of semi-open SIW horn antennas; the medium substrate is a rectangular plate and is provided with a symmetry axis X parallel to the long edge of the medium substrate; the SIW horn antenna comprises an SIW upper-layer metal wall, an SIW lower-layer metal wall, a horn-shaped metal through hole array and a feed source; the near-zero super surface comprises a periodic metal array structure with 3 columns and N rows which are symmetrical about a symmetry axis X; the 1 st column of periodic metal array is adjacent to the opening end of the splayed through hole array; the upper metal wall of the SIW covers the first two rows of periodic metal arrays; the SIW lower metal wall covers the entire periodic metal array structure. According to the utility model, the periodic metal array structure which is periodically arranged is arranged at the flared end of the SIW horn antenna to form the surface of the near-zero metamaterial, so that the near-zero metamaterial has good radiation performance such as broadband and high gain.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a SIW horn antenna, in particular to a SIW horn antenna loaded by adopting a near-zero metamaterial.
Background
A feedhorn is one of the most classical, most widely used antennas in the microwave antenna family. The directional amplifier has the obvious advantages of strong directivity, simple structure, large power capacity and the like.
However, the traditional horn antenna reaches the millimeter wave frequency band, and is difficult to integrate with a planar circuit due to the size and the dimension, so that the application of the horn antenna in the millimeter wave field is limited.
The SIW horn antenna integrates the advantages of the microstrip and the metal waveguide by periodically etching the metallized through holes on the printed circuit board, can realize the transmission characteristic of the traditional rectangular waveguide, and has the advantages of low profile, low insertion loss, low cost, easiness in processing, easiness in planar integration and the like, and the advantages are particularly obvious in millimeter wave and terahertz wave bands. But there is still much room for improvement in performance, such as impedance bandwidth and gain.
The SIW horn antenna is designed by adopting the near-zero metamaterial units with the periodic structures according to a certain rule, can effectively widen the impedance bandwidth of the SIW horn antenna, has a simple design method, is easy to process, has good antenna radiation performance, and can effectively meet the bandwidth requirement of an end-fire antenna in a modern communication system.
However, the aperture of the planar SIW horn antenna is very thin and the medium is embedded inside, so that the planar horn antenna generates serious impedance mismatch, and the planar horn antenna has low radiation efficiency due to most energy being reflected back. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a SIW horn antenna using near-zero metamaterial with simple structure and good performance, and having high academic value and practical significance.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a SIW horn antenna loaded with a near-zero metamaterial, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the SIW horn antenna loaded with the near-zero metamaterial forms a near-zero metamaterial surface by arranging a periodic metal array structure periodically arranged at an opening end of the SIW horn antenna, so that the SIW horn antenna has good radiation performance such as a wide frequency band and high gain.
In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that:
a SIW horn antenna loaded by adopting a near-zero metamaterial comprises a dielectric substrate, a semi-open SIW horn antenna and a near-zero super surface.
The dielectric substrate is a rectangular plate having a symmetry axis X parallel to the long side thereof.
The SIW horn antenna comprises an SIW upper-layer metal wall, an SIW lower-layer metal wall, a horn-shaped metal through hole array and a feed source.
The SIW upper layer metal wall and the SIW lower layer metal wall are respectively printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the medium substrate; wherein, the length of the SIW lower layer metal wall along the X direction is greater than that of the SIW upper layer metal wall along the X direction.
The horn-shaped metal through hole array is arranged in the dielectric substrate and is symmetrical about a symmetry axis X and comprises a parallel metal through hole array and a splayed through hole array; one end of the parallel metal through hole array is connected with the feed source, and the other end of the parallel metal through hole array is connected with the necking end of the splayed through hole array.
A periodic metal array structure with 3 columns and N rows which are symmetrical about a symmetry axis X is arranged on the dielectric substrate positioned at the tail part of the opening end of the splayed through hole array; the periodic metal array structure is respectively a 1 st column periodic metal array, a 2 nd column periodic metal array and a 3 rd column periodic metal array along the X direction; wherein N is more than or equal to 3; the 1 st column of periodic metal array is adjacent to the opening end of the splayed through hole array;
the upper metal wall of the SIW covers the 1 st column periodic metal array and the 2 nd column periodic metal array; the SIW lower metal wall covers the entire periodic metal array structure.
The periodic metal array structure, the SIW upper-layer metal wall positioned right above the 1 st column of periodic metal array and the 2 nd column of periodic metal array and the SIW lower-layer metal wall positioned right below the periodic metal array structure jointly form a near-zero super surface with the dielectric constant close to zero.
The total height of the periodic metal array structure in the direction vertical to the X direction is smaller than the opening width of the splayed through hole array.
N=5。
The distance from the periodic metal array in the 3 rd row to the edge of the tail end of the dielectric substrate is x2, the distance from the periodic metal array in the 1 st row to the flared end of the splayed through hole array is delta, and x2 is more than delta.
x2=2mm，delta=1.6mm。
The field angle of the SIW horn antenna is a =22.5 deg.
The length of a dielectric substrate loaded with the SIW horn antenna is sub _ l =30.13m, and the width of the dielectric substrate is sub _ w =44.8 mm; the pitch of the parallel metal through hole array is wsiw =10 mm, the length of the parallel metal through hole array is A =8.4mm, and the length of the splayed metal through hole array is B =23.52 mm; the diameter of the metal through holes in the horn-shaped metal through hole array is d =0.5 mm.
The pitch of the periodic metal array structures in the X direction is ax =4.63mm, and the pitch of the periodic metal array structures perpendicular to the X direction is ay =6.8 mm; the radius of the metal through hole in the periodic metal array structure is rr =0.0985 mm.
The utility model has the following beneficial effects:
1. the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenient processing and manufacturing, lower cost and easier integration.
2. The utility model utilizes the special electromagnetic property of the near-zero metamaterial to ensure that the planar horn antenna has good radiation performance such as broadband and high gain.
3. In the working frequency band range of the antenna, the gain is higher than 8dB, the impedance bandwidth covers the frequency band of 15.94-23.41GHz, and the relative bandwidth is about 38%. In addition, the antenna has very stable far-field radiation characteristics in the whole frequency range.
4. The SIW end-fire antenna designed by the utility model fully considers the characteristic requirements of the missile-borne end-fire antenna, is miniaturized, has light weight, favorable common performance and high integration capability, has certain gain and wide frequency band, and is easy to design into missile-borne antennas in different forms.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a side view of a SIW horn antenna of the present invention employing near-zero metamaterial loading.
Fig. 2 shows a top view of the SIW horn antenna of the present invention with near-zero metamaterial loading.
Fig. 3 shows a dimension diagram of the SIW horn antenna with near-zero metamaterial loading according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 4 shows a reflection coefficient plot of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows the gain curve of the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows E-plane patterns of the present invention at 15.60GHz, 17.02GHz, 18.80GHz, 20.08GHz and 21.80GHz, respectively.
The figure shows that:
10. a dielectric substrate;
an SIW upper metal wall;
SIW lower metal wall;
40. a flared metal via array; 41. an array of parallel metal vias; 42. a splayed metal via array;
50. near zero super surface.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "left side", "right side", "upper part", "lower part", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and that "first", "second", etc., do not represent an important degree of the component parts, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The specific dimensions used in the present example are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, a SIW horn antenna using near-zero metamaterial loading includes a dielectric substrate 10, a semi-open SIW horn antenna and a near-zero super surface.
The dielectric substrate is a rectangular plate having a symmetry axis X parallel to the long side thereof.
The SIW horn antenna comprises an SIW upper metal wall 20, an SIW lower metal wall 30, a horn-shaped metal through hole array 40 and a feed source.
The SIW upper layer metal wall and the SIW lower layer metal wall are respectively printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the medium substrate; wherein, the length of the SIW lower layer metal wall along the X direction is greater than that of the SIW upper layer metal wall along the X direction.
The horn-shaped metal through hole array is arranged in the dielectric substrate and is symmetrical about a symmetry axis X and comprises a parallel metal through hole array and a splayed through hole array.
One end of the parallel metal through hole array is connected with the feed source, and the other end of the parallel metal through hole array is connected with the necking end of the splayed through hole array.
And a periodic metal array structure with 3 columns and N rows which are symmetrical about a symmetry axis X is arranged on the dielectric substrate at the tail part of the flared end of the splayed through hole array, wherein N is more than or equal to 3, and preferably N = 5.
The periodic metal array structure is respectively a 1 st column periodic metal array, a 2 nd column periodic metal array and a 3 rd column periodic metal array along the X direction; wherein, the 1 st column periodic metal array is adjacent to the opening end of the splayed through hole array.
The upper metal wall of the SIW covers the 1 st column periodic metal array and the 2 nd column periodic metal array; the SIW lower metal wall covers the entire periodic metal array structure.
The total height of the periodic metal array structure in the direction perpendicular to the X direction is preferably slightly less than the opening width of the splayed through hole array.
The periodic metal array structure, the SIW upper-layer metal wall positioned right above the 1 st column of periodic metal array and the 2 nd column of periodic metal array and the SIW lower-layer metal wall positioned right below the periodic metal array structure jointly form a near-zero super surface with the dielectric constant close to zero.
The near-zero super surface can ensure that the gain is higher than 8dB in the working frequency range of the antenna, the impedance bandwidth covers the frequency range of 15.94-23.41GHz, and the relative bandwidth is about 38%. In addition, the antenna has very stable far-field radiation characteristics in the whole frequency range.
In order to model and study the behavior of the near-zero metamaterial-loaded SIW horn antenna, an ideal model of the near-zero metamaterial-loaded SIW horn antenna is first constructed using an ideal uniform constant dielectric constant. Namely, a metal plate with the same thickness as the SIW horn is loaded at the rear end of the flare opening. Through simulation, the antenna has good bandwidth characteristics. However, due to the limited size of the actual dielectric slab, only one kind of periodic line medium can be simulated, and infinite arrangement in an ideal model cannot be approached, so that in actual simulation, the bandwidth is narrowed, and the effect has a larger difference from the ideal model. In order to increase the uniformity of the near-zero metamaterial, a row of periodic metal arrays (namely 3 rd row of periodic metal arrays) is added outside the tail part of the metal wall on the upper layer of the SIW to exceed the metal wall covered by the upper layer, so that the reflection coefficient is changed.
The metal columns in the periodic metal array structure are used as constitutive parameters of the near-zero super surface, namely, the S parameters of the port network are used for extracting the parameters of the medium loaded with the periodic metal array structure. The impedance and refractive index of the effective medium can be calculated.
In this embodiment, the preferred design dimensions of the SIW horn antenna loaded with the near-zero metamaterial are as follows: the length of a dielectric substrate loaded with the SIW horn antenna is sub _ l =30.13m, and the width of the dielectric substrate is sub _ w =44.8 mm; the pitch of the parallel metal through hole array is wsiw =10 mm, the length of the parallel metal through hole array is A =8.4mm, and the length of the splayed metal through hole array is B =23.52 mm; the diameter of the metal through holes in the horn-shaped metal through hole array is d =0.5 mm.
The field angle of the SIW horn antenna is a =22.5deg, the distance from the periodic metal array in the 3 rd column to the edge of the tail end of the dielectric substrate is x2, and the distance from the periodic metal array in the 1 st column to the flared end of the splayed through hole array is delta, then x2 > delta, and more preferably x2=2mm, and delta =1.6 mm.
In addition, the pitch of the periodic metal array structure in the X direction is ax =4.63mm, and the pitch of the periodic metal array structure perpendicular to the X direction is ay =6.8 mm; the radius of the metal through hole in the periodic metal array structure is rr =0.0985 mm.
With reference to fig. 4, 5 and 6, the return loss of the utility model is less than-10 dB in the range of 15.94-23.41GHz, the relative impedance bandwidth reaches 38%, and the gain at multiple frequency points in the range of 16-22GHz is greater than 8dB, which indicates that the antenna has good radiation performance such as broadband and high gain, and the design method is simple, more miniaturized and planar, is easy to integrate in a planar system, and can effectively meet the bandwidth requirement of an end-fire antenna in a modern communication system.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the details of the embodiments, and various equivalent modifications can be made within the technical spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A SIW horn antenna loaded by adopting a near-zero metamaterial is characterized in that: the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a semi-open SIW horn antenna and a near-zero super surface;
the medium substrate is a rectangular plate and is provided with a symmetry axis X parallel to the long edge of the medium substrate;
the SIW horn antenna comprises an SIW upper-layer metal wall, an SIW lower-layer metal wall, a horn-shaped metal through hole array and a feed source;
the SIW upper layer metal wall and the SIW lower layer metal wall are respectively printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the medium substrate; wherein, the length of the SIW lower layer metal wall along the X direction is greater than that of the SIW upper layer metal wall along the X direction;
the horn-shaped metal through hole array is arranged in the dielectric substrate and is symmetrical about a symmetry axis X and comprises a parallel metal through hole array and a splayed through hole array; one end of the parallel metal through hole array is connected with the feed source, and the other end of the parallel metal through hole array is connected with the necking end of the splayed through hole array;
a periodic metal array structure with 3 columns and N rows which are symmetrical about a symmetry axis X is arranged on the dielectric substrate positioned at the tail part of the opening end of the splayed through hole array; the periodic metal array structure is respectively a 1 st column periodic metal array, a 2 nd column periodic metal array and a 3 rd column periodic metal array along the X direction; wherein N is more than or equal to 3; the 1 st column of periodic metal array is adjacent to the opening end of the splayed through hole array;
the upper metal wall of the SIW covers the 1 st column periodic metal array and the 2 nd column periodic metal array; the SIW lower metal wall covers the whole periodic metal array structure;
the periodic metal array structure, the SIW upper-layer metal wall positioned right above the 1 st column of periodic metal array and the 2 nd column of periodic metal array and the SIW lower-layer metal wall positioned right below the periodic metal array structure jointly form a near-zero super surface with the dielectric constant close to zero.
2. The SIW horn antenna with near-zero metamaterial loading as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the total height of the periodic metal array structure in the direction vertical to the X direction is smaller than the opening width of the splayed through hole array.
3. The SIW horn antenna with near-zero metamaterial loading as claimed in claim 1, wherein: n = 5.
4. The SIW horn antenna with near-zero metamaterial loading as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the distance from the periodic metal array in the 3 rd row to the edge of the tail end of the dielectric substrate is x2, the distance from the periodic metal array in the 1 st row to the flared end of the splayed through hole array is delta, and x2 is more than delta.
5. The SIW feedhorn loaded with near-zero metamaterial according to claim 4, wherein: x2=2mm, delta =1.6 mm.
6. The SIW feedhorn loaded with near-zero metamaterial according to claim 5, wherein: the field angle of the SIW horn antenna is a =22.5 deg.
7. The SIW horn antenna with near-zero metamaterial loading as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the length of a dielectric substrate loaded with the SIW horn antenna is sub _ l =30.13m, and the width of the dielectric substrate is sub _ w =44.8 mm; the pitch of the parallel metal through hole array is wsiw =10 mm, the length of the parallel metal through hole array is A =8.4mm, and the length of the splayed metal through hole array is B =23.52 mm; the diameter of the metal through holes in the horn-shaped metal through hole array is d =0.5 mm.
8. The SIW horn antenna with near-zero metamaterial loading as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the pitch of the periodic metal array structures in the X direction is ax =4.63mm, and the pitch of the periodic metal array structures perpendicular to the X direction is ay =6.8 mm; the radius of the metal through hole in the periodic metal array structure is rr =0.0985 mm.
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| CN202121307640.9U CN215579071U (en) | 2021-06-11 | 2021-06-11 | SIW horn antenna loaded by adopting near-zero metamaterial |
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