CN215562317U

CN215562317U - Flow guiding and energy dissipating facility with flow dividing port

Info

Publication number: CN215562317U
Application number: CN202121997315.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘亚坤; 岑嘉豪; 张栋; 杨姣; 张帝; 吴剑; 邓杨玉; 李卓越; 张志强
Original assignee: Dalian University of Technology
Current assignee: Dalian University of Technology
Priority date: 2021-08-24
Filing date: 2021-08-24
Publication date: 2022-01-18
Anticipated expiration: 2031-08-24

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of river-blocking buildings, and provides a diversion energy dissipation facility with a flow-dividing port. The utility model can perfectly solve the influence caused by different flow changes in the natural river channel: when the flow is small, the water flow does not need to be guided to a still water area, and can be directly discharged from the outflow permeable hole to the downstream, so that the pier body and the river channel cannot be damaged; when the flow rate is high, the main flow area is connected with the sea inundate by the outflow permeable hole, and the flow is dispersed into the branch flows in two directions for transportation and energy dissipation through the special flow dividing structure of the flow guiding pier; when the flow is overflowed, the water flows over the diversion piers which transversely divide the water flow and longitudinally diffuse the water flow at the same time, so that the complementary energy of the water flow can be greatly eliminated.

Description

Flow guiding and energy dissipating facility with flow dividing port

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of river-blocking buildings and provides a flow-guiding and energy-dissipating facility with a flow-dividing opening.

Background

In the prior art, methods for preventing river channel erosion damage are mainly divided into four types: set up water conservancy diversion energy dissipation facility, add energy dissipation scour protection facility, extension river course and control human factor, wherein water conservancy diversion energy dissipation facility's advantage lies in:

1) the energy dissipation is sufficient, the guiding of the water flow is easy to control, and the main flow area at the downstream of the river channel can be protected by an energy dissipation building;

2) the method has long history, mature technology, stable guidance and strong adaptability, and simultaneously can not generate ecological environment damage and influence the events of fish tracing and breeding and the like;

3) the method has good adaptability to the conditions with poor geological conditions;

4) the operation is reliable, the flow guiding and energy dissipating effects are good, the downstream flow state is stable, the surge is small, and the elutriation on the riverbed and the two banks is light;

5) the setting is flexible, and the construction and the remediation can be carried out in the later period if the flow state of the downstream water flow is found to be poor after the upstream engineering is built and operated.

The diversion energy dissipation facility has many advantages and self or environmental limitation, and the current diversion energy dissipation facility has the following defects in the actual engineering:

1) the application field is single, the method is always limited in river blocking projects with medium and small flows, and the river blocking energy dissipation effect on large-flow water flow is poor;

2) in order to form stable guiding, the diversion energy dissipation facilities are usually long and thick, so that the later-stage closure construction is difficult, the occupied river channel area is huge, and the additional investment cost is also huge.

3) Traditional water conservancy diversion energy dissipation facility does not attach attention to the reposition of redundant personnel enough, and nimble application river course width advantage is less, easily causes unnecessary energy dissipation wasting of resources.

The body type design of the diversion energy dissipation facility mainly comprises a diversion pier, a diversion grid, a spur dike, an inclined sill, a suspended grid and the like which are single or combined with a plurality of single or combined energy dissipaters, and the existing diversion pier has the obvious defects in practical application that:

1) the flow state at the lower stream of the diversion pier is disordered, the stress of the pier body is complex, the structural vibration is easy to cause, and the service life and the energy dissipation effect of the pier are influenced;

2) the front of the pier body is greatly pressed, the requirement on the strength of the pier body material is high, the construction cost is high, the diversion is maintained by the pier body material, and the material strength is greatly checked;

3) the pier body is complex and huge in size, and is not convenient for actual construction of projects.

In order to eliminate the excess energy of the downward flow before it reaches the sea and connect it with it, diversion piers are often installed to increase the energy-absorbing rate, adjust the flow state of the river and control the flow direction. Due to the influence of various factors such as environmental terrain limitation, only the downstream part of a part of river channels can be widened, so that the problems that: when the water head and the flow are large, the flow velocity of the main flow area is correspondingly increased, and the widened corner of the river channel widened at the downstream is too large, only a few of water flows flow through the widening area and cannot play the due role of the water flow, so that the strong scouring damage is caused to the main flow area at the downstream due to the too large flow velocity, and not only is the maintenance cost too high, but also the environment and surrounding buildings are damaged more seriously.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the utility model provides a novel flow guiding and energy dissipating facility with a flow dividing port, which is simple in design and stress, reasonable in structure and economical in manufacturing cost, so that the redundant mechanical energy of water flow is dissipated and killed under the conditions of the same water head and flow and no influence on the water passing rate, the flow speed is reduced, the scouring damage is prevented, and the later maintenance cost is reduced. The structure of the utility model has the functions of guiding water flow and dissipating energy, ensures that the discharged water flow smoothly enters the sea, improves the phenomena of disordered flow state and overlarge flow speed of the downstream water flow, utilizes the specific body characteristics, eliminates the residual energy through the outflow permeable holes arranged at equal intervals, and guides the water flow to the still water area through the diversion piers with gradually changed heights, thereby protecting the downstream riverbed and the bank slope.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the utility model is as follows:

a diversion energy dissipation facility with a flow distribution port comprises a diversion pier main body 1 and a plurality of outflow permeable holes 2 with the same structure and size;

the diversion pier main body 1 consists of a top wall 11, a water-facing wall 12, a backwater wall 13, a bottom plate 14, a right wall 15 and a left wall 16; the left wall 16 is fixedly connected with a bank slope of a main flow area of the river channel, and the bottom plate 14 is fixedly connected with the river channel; smooth fillets are reasonably arranged at the joints of the top wall 11, the water-facing wall 12 and the backwater wall 13, so that the corners of the diversion piers are prevented from being damaged by water flow impact, the fillet radius A7 is determined according to the height of the effluent permeable hole 2, and the fillet radius A7 cannot be larger than the height of the effluent permeable hole 2; the width A5 of the diversion pier is determined according to the local water flow and the strength of the wall material; the length A4 of the diversion pier follows the principle of covering the widening area, is determined according to the distance and the included angle between the position of the left wall 16 and the widening area, and the included angle is not too large, so that the diversion pier main body 1 is difficult to play a role in diversion due to the too large included angle, and the pier material is also greatly challenged; the height of the diversion pier main body 1 is gradually reduced from the height H1 of the left wall to the height H2 of the right wall, so that the diversion pier main body not only gradually changes the diversion of the water in the main flow area to the static water area, but also reduces the manufacturing cost.

The outflow water-permeable holes 2 are urban door-hole type water-permeable holes and are equidistantly arranged at the bottom of the diversion pier main body 1, and the inlets and the outlets are respectively positioned on the water-facing wall 12 and the backwater wall 13; the axial line 21 of the outflow water-permeable hole inclines towards a plane along the water flow direction from the water-facing wall 12 to the backwater wall 13, the angle is an included angle alpha, namely the perpendicular 22 of the water-facing wall 12 and the backwater wall 13 and the axial line 21 of the outflow water-permeable hole are the included angle alpha, the included angle alpha is determined according to the arrangement angle of the main flow area water flow line and the main flow streamline direction of the diversion pier main body 1, the main flow area water flow line is parallel to the axial line 21 of the outflow water-permeable hole, and the distance A3 of the outflow water-permeable hole conforms to the length A4 of the diversion pier and is generally 5% -7% of the latter; the width A1 of the effluent permeable hole is determined according to the distance A3 of the effluent permeable hole, the height of the effluent permeable hole is determined according to the width A1 of the effluent permeable hole and the water passing rate of the diversion piers, the water passing rate is generally 0.5% -1%, and the radius A2 of the arc is generally 1-3 times of the height A6 of the main hole.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that:

1) the diversion pier body has simple design, easy engineering construction, economic cost and easy maintenance.

2) The force of the upstream face of the diversion pier body is simple, the pier body is attached to the river bank and the river channel, and the pier body structure is stable.

3) During the low discharge, rivers need not to be guided to still water district, can follow the hole of permeating water that effluences are direct to the low reaches emission, can not cause pier bodies and river course to destroy.

4) When large-traffic, when utilizing the permeable hole that outflows to link up mainstream district rivers and romantic, through the peculiar reposition of redundant personnel structure of water conservancy diversion mound, with the rivers dispersion for the tributary of two directions, one of them tributary flows according to former mainstream direction, another one tributary is followed the mainstream district and is distinguished the gradual change to the stagnant water and be transited, and then realize improving single wide flow, reduce the velocity of flow, promote the good transport of rivers, guide rivers steadily to let out, make rivers evenly spread gradually and unlikely backward flow that takes place, swirl or crossing current, in order to avoid rivers to wash stagnant water district riverbed, bank slope, ensure hydraulic engineering's safe operation.

5) When the overflow occurs, the water flows over the diversion piers, and the later transversely shunts and longitudinally diffuses the water flow, so that the residual energy of the water flow is greatly eliminated, one part of the residual energy of the water flow is dissipated in the air, and the other part of the residual energy of the water flow is eliminated through the transverse diffusion and the severe turbulent fluctuation of the water flow after the water tongue falls into the sea, so that the kinetic energy of the downward water flow is dispersed while the downward water flow is smoothly guided into the downstream, the harm to the downstream riverbed and the bank slope is minimized, the downstream protection work is reduced, the great economic benefit is brought, and the damage to the living environment of downstream aquatic animals due to the severe turbulent fluctuation of the water flow is avoided.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional view of a diversion energy dissipation facility with a diversion port of the present invention;

figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 are front, bottom, rear and right views, respectively, of a diversion energy dissipater with diversion ports.

FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional perspective view of an outflow water-permeable hole.

In the figure: 1, a diversion pier main body; 2, flowing out of a permeable hole;

11, a top wall; 12 facing the water wall; 13 back water wall; 14 a base plate; 15 right wall; 16 left wall;

21 outflow water-permeable hole axis; 22 vertical lines;

h1 left wall height; h2 right wall height; a1 width of the water permeable hole; a2 arc radius; a3 flow-out water permeable hole distance; a4 diversion pier length; a5 diversion pier width; a6 main hole height; a7 fillet radius; the angle alpha.

Detailed Description

The following further describes a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings and technical solutions.

As shown in figure 1, the novel diversion energy dissipation facility with the diversion ports comprises a diversion pier body 1 and an outflow permeable hole 2.

As shown in fig. 2 to 5, the novel diversion energy dissipation facility with a diversion port of this embodiment includes a diversion pier main body 1 (including a top wall 11, a water-facing wall 12, a water-backing wall 13, a bottom plate 14, a right wall 15, and a left wall 16) and 15 outflow water permeable holes 2 (outflow water permeable hole axes 21, vertical lines 22) with the same structure. The left wall 16 is fixedly connected with a bank slope of a main flow area of the river channel, and the bottom plate 14 is fixedly connected with the river channel; smooth fillets are reasonably arranged at the joints of the top wall 11, the water-facing wall 12 and the backwater wall 13, so that the corners of the diversion piers are prevented from being damaged by water flow impact, and the fillet radius A7 is 0.2 m; the width A5 of the diversion pier is 1 m; the length A4 of the diversion pier is 48 m; the height of the diversion pier body 1 is gradually reduced from the left wall height H1 to the right wall height H2, and the left wall height H1 and the right wall height H2 are 1m and 0.5m respectively.

As shown in fig. 6, the effluent permeable holes 2 are city gate hole type permeable holes, are equidistantly arranged at the bottom of the diversion pier main body 1, and have inlets and outlets respectively located on the water-facing wall 12 and the backwater wall 13, the perpendicular 22 between the water-facing wall 12 and the backwater wall 13 of the diversion pier and the axis 21 of the effluent permeable hole form an included angle α of 30 °, the flow line of the main flow area is parallel to the axis 21 of the effluent permeable hole, and the distance a3 between the axes of adjacent effluent permeable holes is 3 m; the axis of each water permeable hole inclines from the upstream surface to the downstream surface of the guide wall body towards the plane along the water flow direction, and the angle is 30 degrees; the width A1 of the effluent permeable hole is 0.4m, the radius A2 of the circular arc is 0.2m, and the height A6 of the main hole is 0.1 m.

The working process of the combined example of the utility model is as follows:

during flood discharge, water flow is discharged downwards along a spillway, and before reaching a sea, the water flow is divided into 3 parts, namely a branch flow above a pier body, a branch flow in a hole and a branch flow guided to a still water area through a water facing wall 12 and a top wall 11 which are in the same direction as incoming flow and are combined with a diversion pier 1 and a water permeable hole 2. The water-facing wall 12 serves as a vertical surface and is beneficial to reducing impact stress of incoming flow and plays a role in eliminating surplus energy, the flow dividing structure between the diversion pier 1 and the outflow permeable hole 2 divides the downward drainage flow into 3 branches, wherein 1 branch is guided by the water-facing wall 12 and the top wall 11 to lift the flow to a downstream sea, the longitudinal space of the diversion pier 1 is effectively utilized, so that the energy dissipation in the air is obviously enhanced, part of energy is offset by potential energy in the process, and the surplus energy after falling is gradually eliminated by a wide river channel at the downstream; the energy of the 2 nd branch flow is directly dissipated through the outflow permeable hole 2 and then transversely diffused and eliminated in the downstream wide river channel; the 3 rd branch is guided to the still water area by the guide pier 1, so that the still water area generates a gradually-changed flowing water body, and the branch is swirled, rolled and diffused in the still water area, so that the single wide flow is reduced, and the complementary energy is eliminated. The 3 lower stream flows are respectively diffused in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction after passing through the diversion pier 1, so that the energy dissipation effect is greatly enhanced, the single width flow is reduced, the manufacturing cost is reduced, the downstream ecological environment is improved, the high-speed water energy is greatly weakened, the downstream riverbed, the bank slope, the building and the like are prevented from being damaged by scouring, and the problem of energy dissipation and impact prevention of the downstream river channel of the water discharge structure is effectively solved.

The experimental research shows that the water level in the reservoir is 107.40m, and the flow rate reaches 268.16m³In/s, the same water was measured according to the design of this exampleUnder the position and the flow, the original design scheme, namely the diversion-free energy dissipation facility and the recommended scheme, namely the water head and the flow rate for placing the diversion energy dissipation facility are listed in table 1, the water flow of the upstream section of the embodiment is divided into three parts, namely a left part, a middle part and a right part, according to the width of the water flow, the downstream section of the embodiment is divided into a main flow area and a static water area, wherein the three parts of the main flow area correspond to the three parts of the upstream section, the two parts of the static water area are newly added parts, each part is tested with one flow rate and one water head, and the total flow rate and the flow rate are 16 groups of water heads.

TABLE 1 waterhead and velocity meter for two types of arrangement of diversion energy dissipation facilities

The results show that the novel flow-guiding energy-dissipating facility with the flow-dividing ports redistributes water flow, the water head and the flow velocity of a main flow area are reduced, and the flow, the water head and the flow velocity of a still water area are increased; meanwhile, the longitudinal and transverse diffusion effects of the 3 branches are good, the water flow turbulence and the water surface fluctuation in the still water area are severe, the fluctuation range of the water flow near the downstream sea inundation of the diversion energy dissipation facility is small, and the energy dissipation effect is remarkable.

The novel flow guiding and energy dissipating facility can be used for flow distribution and energy dissipation between the tail end of a tailrace and a downstream sea backlog, can effectively solve the problem of connection between a water discharge structure and the water surface of a natural river channel, can redistribute the flow velocity, reduce the flow velocity of a main flow area, improve the flow state of downstream water flow, prevent downstream scouring damage of the main flow area, ensure the safety of hydraulic engineering facilities such as the water discharge structure, a gabion, a slope protection and the like, realize gradual transition from the main flow area to a still water area, and simultaneously can avoid ecological and environmental damages caused by torrent shock waves generated by severe turbulence amplitude and overlarge flow velocity of the downstream water flow.

Claims

1. The diversion energy dissipation facility with the flow distribution port is characterized by comprising a diversion pier main body (1) and a plurality of outflow permeable holes (2) with the same structure and size;

the diversion pier main body (1) consists of a top wall (11), a water-facing wall (12), a backwater wall (13), a bottom plate (14), a right wall (15) and a left wall (16); the left wall (16) is fixedly connected with a bank slope of a main flow area of the river channel, and the bottom plate (14) is fixedly connected with the river channel; smooth fillets are arranged at the joints of the top wall (11), the water-facing wall (12) and the backwater wall (13), the fillet radius (A7) is determined according to the height of the effluent permeable hole (2), and the fillet radius (A7) is not more than the height of the effluent permeable hole (2); the width (A5) of the diversion pier is determined according to the local water flow and the strength of the wall material; the length (A4) of the diversion pier follows the principle of covering the widened area and is determined according to the distance and the included angle between the arrangement position of the left wall (16) and the widened area; the height of the diversion pier main body (1) is gradually reduced from the height of a left wall (H1) to the height of a right wall (H2);

the outflow water-permeable holes (2) are urban door-hole type water-permeable holes and are equidistantly arranged at the bottom of the diversion pier main body (1), and the inlets and the outlets are respectively positioned on the water-facing wall (12) and the backwater wall (13); the outflow water permeable hole axis (21) inclines towards the plane along the water flow direction from the water facing wall (12) to the backwater wall (13), the angle is an included angle (alpha), namely, the perpendicular line (22) of the water facing wall (12) and the backwater wall (13) and the outflow water permeable hole axis (21) are the included angle (alpha), the included angle (alpha) is determined according to the arrangement angle of the diversion pier main body (1) and the direction of the main flow streamline, the main flow area water flow streamline is parallel to the outflow water permeable hole axis (21), and the outflow water permeable hole interval (A3) is 5% -7% of the diversion pier length (A4); the width (A1) of the effluent permeable holes is determined according to the distance (A3) of the effluent permeable holes, the height of the effluent permeable holes is determined according to the width (A1) of the effluent permeable holes and the water passing rate of the diversion piers, the water passing rate is 0.5% -1%, and the radius (A2) of the arc is 1-3 times of the height (A6) of the main hole.