CN118653434A - A stepped water discharge tunnel and energy dissipation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, in particular to a stepped water discharge tunnel and an energy dissipation method. The step type water draining tunnel comprises a tunnel body and an energy dissipation building, wherein the energy dissipation building comprises a plurality of energy dissipation steps which are continuously connected, each energy dissipation step comprises a first step surface and a first slope surface, and the first slope surface of the upper energy dissipation step is connected with the first step surface of the lower energy dissipation step to form a first flushing concave angle with an angle larger than 90 degrees. According to the invention, the multistage energy dissipation steps are utilized to gradually slow down when water passes through, and the first slope is utilized to guide the carried sediment and other particles, and the first flushing concave angle can prevent the sediment and other particles from permanently accumulating between two adjacent energy dissipation steps, so that the energy dissipation effect is met, the sediment is prevented from accumulating on the energy dissipation steps, the collision and abrasion degree of the sediment particles on the energy dissipation steps is reduced, the service life of a building is prolonged, and the maintenance cost is reduced.

Description

A stepped water discharge tunnel and energy dissipation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, in particular to a stepped water discharge tunnel and an energy dissipation method.

Background Art

In water conservancy projects, closed water channels are often built through mountains to convey water or discharge floodwater, which are called hydraulic tunnels. According to their different tasks, they can be divided into discharge tunnels and discharge tunnels. Discharge tunnels are used to release water from reservoirs for irrigation, power generation, and water supply; discharge tunnels are used to discharge part of the floodwater in coordination with the spillway, discharge tailwater from hydropower stations, empty the reservoir for maintenance of hub buildings or for war preparations, and discharge sand.

Most of the discharge tunnels adopt the diversion flow energy dissipation method, followed by the bottom flow energy dissipation method, and the energy dissipation pool is a common bottom flow energy dissipation structure. In order to increase the energy dissipation effect, the energy dissipation pool needs to have a certain length and a certain height of energy dissipation sill is often arranged at the tail to form a pool of a certain length and depth. However, for rivers with a lot of sediment, large particles of sediment are prone to permanent siltation at the energy dissipation sill and continuous collision and wear, which shortens the service life of the energy dissipation structure and increases the maintenance cost during the operation period. If the problems of energy dissipation and sand discharge are not solved, it will directly threaten the safety of the downstream riverbed and discharge structures. Therefore, in water conservancy and hydropower projects, reliable discharge and energy dissipation structures must be set up at the outlet of the discharge structure.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a stepped drainage tunnel and an energy dissipation method to solve the problem in the prior art that large particles of sediment are easily permanently deposited on the energy dissipation building and continuously collide and wear, causing the energy dissipation building to be destroyed, thereby resulting in low energy dissipation efficiency.

The present invention discloses a stepped water discharge tunnel, comprising a tunnel body and an energy dissipation building arranged in the tunnel body, wherein the energy dissipation building comprises a plurality of energy dissipation steps continuously connected along a water flow direction, wherein the energy dissipation step comprises a first step surface for dissipating energy of the water flow, and a first slope surface for diverting sediment along the water flow direction, wherein the first slope surface of the energy dissipation step of the upper level is connected with the first step surface of the energy dissipation step of the lower level to form a first scouring concave angle with an angle greater than 90°.

Optionally, the energy dissipation building also includes a base, which is laid obliquely along the direction of water flow to form a slope for diverting the water flow, and multiple energy dissipation steps are arranged on the base, and the first step surface of the energy dissipation step and the slope direction of the base are arranged at an angle, so that the first step surface of the energy dissipation step hinders the water flow to dissipate energy.

Optionally, the first step surface of the energy dissipation step is inclined along the water flow direction to form a slope for diverting sediment, and the first step surface and the first slope surface on the same energy dissipation step are connected to form a first transition convex angle.

Optionally, the side of the first slope surface is provided with a plurality of traffic steps continuously connected along the slope direction of the first slope surface, the uppermost traffic step is connected with the first step surface corresponding to the energy dissipation step, and the lowermost traffic step is connected with the first step surface of the next energy dissipation step, wherein the height of the vertical line connecting the plurality of traffic steps is the same as the height of the first slope surface in the vertical direction.

Optionally, the traffic step includes a second step surface for dissipating energy of water flow, and a second slope surface for diverting sediment along the direction of water flow, the second slope surface of the previous level of the traffic step and the second step surface of the next level of the traffic step are connected to form a second scouring concave angle with an angle greater than 90°, and the second step surface and the second slope surface on the same traffic step are connected to form a second transition convex angle.

Optionally, the width of the first slope surface is smaller than the width of the first step surface, and the first slope surface is connected to the middle of the edge of the first step surface, a group of multiple traffic steps are arranged on both sides of the first slope surface, and the connecting line of the outer edges of the multiple traffic steps and the connecting line of the outer edges of the multiple first step surfaces are collinear.

Optionally, the energy dissipation building further comprises side walls arranged on both sides of the multiple energy dissipation steps, and the connecting line of the outer sides of the multiple energy dissipation steps is collinear with the side walls on the corresponding sides, so that a water flow energy dissipation area is formed between the two side walls.

Optionally, multiple rows of first energy dissipation components are arranged on the first slope surface, and the first energy dissipation components include multiple first energy dissipation steps arranged side by side. The first energy dissipation steps are triangular structures with one corner facing the upward water flow, and the first energy dissipation steps in two adjacent rows are staggered so that the side-by-side first energy dissipation steps can collide with and dissipate vortex energy of the water flow sliding along the first slope surface.

Optionally, multiple rows of second energy dissipation components are arranged on the first step surface, and the second energy dissipation components include multiple second energy dissipation steps arranged side by side. The second energy dissipation steps are hemispherical structures with their apexes facing the water flow above, and the second energy dissipation steps in two adjacent rows are staggered so that the side-by-side second energy dissipation steps can collide with and dissipate vortex energy of the water flow falling from the energy dissipation step of the previous level.

The present invention also discloses an energy dissipation method, which adopts the above-mentioned stepped drainage tunnel and comprises:

Arrange multiple energy dissipation steps in the discharge tunnel through which the water flow flows from upstream to downstream, dissipate energy of water flow in different forms by the continuously connected multiple energy dissipation steps, and flush the sediment flowing on the energy dissipation steps without dead angles based on the arrangement of the first flushing concave angles;

When the water flow falls from the first step surface of the energy dissipation step of the previous level to the first step surface of the energy dissipation step of the next level, the water flow is continuously energy-dissipated by the collision between the water flow and the first step surface;

When the water flows from the first slope surface of the previous energy dissipation step to the first step surface of the next energy dissipation step, the water flows form a transverse axis vortex on the first step surface to dissipate friction energy of the subsequent water flows.

Compared with the prior art, the step-type water discharge tunnel and energy dissipation method provided by the embodiment of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

A multi-stage energy dissipation step is arranged in the discharge tunnel through which the water flow flows from upstream to downstream. The first step surface of the energy dissipation step is used to collide and frictionally dissipate energy with the passing water flow, and the first slope surface of the energy dissipation step is used to divert the silt and other particles carried in the water flow. At the same time, based on the setting of the first slope surface, the first slope surface of the upper energy dissipation step and the first step surface of the lower energy dissipation step are connected to form a first scouring concave angle with an angle greater than 90°, which can prevent the permanent accumulation of silt and other particles between two adjacent energy dissipation steps, and is more conducive to sand discharge. Therefore, while satisfying the energy dissipation function, it prevents silt from accumulating on the energy dissipation step, reduces the collision and wear of silt particles on the energy dissipation step, thereby increasing the service life of the building and reducing maintenance costs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which:

FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a stepped drainage tunnel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy dissipation step and a traffic step combination provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG3 is a side view of a stepped drainage tunnel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the first energy dissipation ridge and the second energy dissipation ridge provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

The reference numerals in the figures are:

1. Energy dissipation step; 11. First step surface; 12. First slope surface; 13. First scouring concave angle; 14. First transition convex angle; 2. Base; 3. Traffic step; 31. Second step surface; 32. Second slope surface; 33. Second scouring concave angle; 34. Second transition convex angle; 4. Side wall; 5. First energy dissipation step; 6. Second energy dissipation step.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. Now, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.

The present invention discloses a stepped drainage tunnel, as shown in FIG1 and FIG2, comprising a tunnel body and an energy dissipation structure arranged in the tunnel body. The energy dissipation structure comprises a plurality of energy dissipation steps 1 connected continuously along the direction of water flow, and the energy dissipation step 1 comprises a first step surface 11 for dissipating energy of water flow, and a first slope surface 12 for diverting sediment along the direction of water flow. The first slope surface 12 of the upper energy dissipation step 1 is connected with the first step surface 11 of the lower energy dissipation step 1 to form a first scouring concave angle 13 with an angle greater than 90°.

Through the structure of the stepped discharge tunnel of this embodiment, the first step surface 11 of the energy dissipation step 1 is used to provide the water flow with opportunities for collision, shearing, aeration and friction, so that the energy in the water flow can be dissipated, and then the design of the multi-stage energy dissipation step 1 provides multiple energy dissipation stages, so that the water flow can gradually slow down when passing through the tunnel, reducing the transfer of energy. The speed and impact force of the water flow are effectively reduced to achieve the purpose of energy dissipation. On this basis, the first slope surface 12 of the energy dissipation step 1 is used. When the water flow encounters the first slope surface 12, the direction of the water flow will change along the first slope surface 12, and the change in the direction of the water flow will cause the turbulence of the water flow to increase. The turbulence will increase the friction and mixing of the water flow with the surrounding medium, thereby further consuming the energy of the water flow to achieve the effect of secondary energy dissipation. In addition, the first slope surface 12 of the upper energy dissipation step 1 and the first step surface 11 of the lower energy dissipation step 1 are connected to form a first scouring concave angle 13 with an angle greater than 90°, which can prevent the formation of silt accumulation concave angles between two adjacent energy dissipation steps 1, so that the silt carried in the water flow can pass smoothly, reducing the stagnation and accumulation of silt, so as to avoid the collision and wear of the energy dissipation step 1 by the accumulated silt, improve the sand discharge effect, increase the service life of the energy dissipation building, reduce maintenance costs, and prevent the influence of long-term siltation on the tunnel performance. That is, the energy dissipation step 1 of the present invention does not need to be provided with various high tail sills to form an energy dissipation pool, while satisfying the energy dissipation function, it prevents silt from accumulating on the energy dissipation step 1, so the step-type water discharge tunnel of the present invention can be applied to water conservancy and hydropower engineering fields such as dam flood discharge, hydropower station water diversion and irrigation channels.

Preferably, the slope of the first slope surface 12 is a 1:1 slope, that is, the vertical height and horizontal distance of the first slope surface 12 are equal, so as to form a gentler slope, avoid generating a water flow with a large flow rate, which is beneficial to the stability and energy dissipation of the water flow, and reduce the scouring and erosion of the first slope surface 12 and the next energy dissipation step 1 by the water flow.

Furthermore, in combination with what is shown in FIG3 , the energy dissipation structure also includes a base 2. The base 2 is laid obliquely along the direction of the water flow to form a slope for diverting the water flow as a whole. The multiple energy dissipation steps 1 are all arranged on the base 2, and the first step surface 11 of the energy dissipation step 1 and the slope direction of the base 2 are arranged at an angle so that the first step surface 11 of the energy dissipation step 1 hinders the water flow to dissipate energy. Through the structure of the stepped drainage tunnel of this embodiment, the base 2 is used to provide a stable supporting foundation for the multiple energy dissipation steps 1, so that the multiple energy dissipation steps 1 can withstand the impact and pressure of the water flow, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of the entire energy dissipation system. At the same time, the first step surface 11 of the energy dissipation step 1 and the slope direction of the base 2 are arranged at an angle, so that the first step surface 11 of the energy dissipation step 1 forms an angle with the water flow direction, so that the first step surface 11 hinders the water flow to dissipate energy, that is, the water flow flowing through the first step surface 11 on the energy dissipation step 1 can form a transverse axis vortex on the first step surface 11 at this time, and shear and rub with the water body normally discharged from above to achieve the energy dissipation effect, so that a complete energy dissipation system can be formed through the combination of the base 2 and the multi-stage energy dissipation step 1, thereby further improving the energy dissipation efficiency through different energy dissipation mechanisms, such as resistance, turbulence, collision, etc.

Furthermore, the first step surface 11 of the energy dissipation step 1 is inclined along the direction of the water flow to form a slope for further diverting the silt, and the first step surface 11 and the first slope surface 12 on the same energy dissipation step 1 are connected to form a first transition convex angle 14. Through the structure of the stepped water discharge tunnel of this embodiment, the first step surface 11 of the energy dissipation step 1 is inclined along the direction of the water flow to form a slope for diverting the silt, so that the silt can pass smoothly to reduce the stagnation and accumulation of the silt. At the same time, the first transition convex angle 14 at the junction of the first step surface 11 and the first slope surface 12 can cause turbulence of the water flow and increase the turbulence of the water flow. Based on the existence of turbulence, the contact area between the water flow and the air can be increased, which is conducive to the dissipation of energy in the water flow through friction, collision, etc. between water and air. Thereby, the residual energy of the water flow can be effectively reduced, the speed and impact force of the downstream water flow can be reduced, and the energy dissipation effect can be improved.

Preferably, in order to prevent the first step surface 11 of the energy dissipation step 1 from accelerating the water flow and affecting the energy dissipation effect, the first step surface 11 of the energy dissipation step 1 is slightly inclined, that is, the slope of the first step surface 11 is preferably 3% to 5%. Assuming that the slope of the first step surface 11 is preferably a% between 3% and 5%, the slope of a% means that when the distance of 100 units is advanced in the horizontal direction, the height of the vertical direction rises or falls by a units.

Further, looking back at Figure 1, the side of the first slope surface 12 is provided with a multi-level traffic step 3 that is continuously connected along the slope direction of the first slope surface 12, the uppermost traffic step 3 is connected to the first step surface 11 of the corresponding energy dissipation step 1, and the lowermost traffic step 3 is connected to the first step surface 11 of the next energy dissipation step 1, wherein the height of the vertical line connecting the multi-level traffic steps 3 is the same as the height of the first slope surface 12 in the vertical direction. Through the structure of the stepped drainage tunnel of this embodiment, based on the need for the energy dissipation step 1 to hinder the upper water flow and form a vortex for energy dissipation, it is necessary to ensure that there is a large height between the first step surface 11 of the upper energy dissipation step 1 and the first step surface 11 of the next energy dissipation step 1, so as to meet the first step surface 11 to collide with and dissipate energy on the upper water flow. At this time, when the height of the two adjacent energy dissipation steps 1 is relatively high, such as 1m or even 2m high, the span of the upper and lower energy dissipation steps 1 is relatively large, which is inconvenient for personnel to enter the cave for maintenance. Therefore, by utilizing the setting of multi-level traffic steps 3, a continuous and stable passage is provided on the side of the first slope surface 12, and the height of the vertical line connecting the multi-level traffic steps 3 is made the same as the height of the vertical line of the first slope surface 12, ensuring a smaller span between two adjacent traffic steps 3, so as to facilitate maintenance personnel to safely and smoothly go up and down the energy dissipation steps 1.

Preferably, the first slope surface 12 has a vertical height of 0.66 m, that is, the height between the first step surface 11 of the upper energy dissipation step 1 and the first step surface 11 of the lower energy dissipation step 1 is 0.66 m. The height of each traffic step 3 is 0.22 m, which is convenient for personnel to enter the cave for maintenance.

Furthermore, the traffic step 3 includes a second step surface 31 for dissipating energy of the water flow, and a second slope surface 32 for diverting silt along the direction of the water flow. The second slope surface 32 of the upper traffic step 3 and the second step surface 31 of the lower traffic step 3 are connected to form a second scouring concave angle 33 with an angle greater than 90°, and the second step surface 31 and the second slope surface 32 on the same traffic step 3 are connected to form a second transition convex angle 34. Through the structure of the stepped drainage tunnel of this embodiment, the second step surface 31 is used to dissipate energy of the water flow, reduce the speed and energy of the water flow, and reduce the impact of the water flow on the traffic step 3 and the surrounding structures. The second slope surface 32 is also used to help guide the silt to the downstream area, prevent the silt from accumulating near the traffic step 3, and reduce the problems of blockage and poor water flow. Therefore, on the basis of the energy dissipation step 1, the structure of the traffic step 3 is similar to that of the energy dissipation step 1. When the water flows from upstream to downstream, the traffic step 3 is used to simultaneously form a facility for dissipating the energy of the water flow. That is, when the water flow dissipates energy on each level of the energy dissipation step 1, the multi-level traffic steps 3 perform multiple secondary energy dissipations on the water flow on the side of the energy dissipation step 1 to reduce the collision and scouring of the water flow on the buildings on the side of the energy dissipation step 1, thereby extending the service life of the energy dissipation building and helping to protect the stability of related structures such as fill or slope protection around the energy dissipation building.

Furthermore, the width of the first slope surface 12 is smaller than the width of the first step surface 11, and the first slope surface 12 is connected to the middle of the edge of the first step surface 11. A group of multi-level traffic steps 3 are respectively arranged on both sides of the first slope surface 12, and the connecting line of the outer sides of the multi-level traffic steps 3 and the connecting line of the outer sides of the multi-level first step surface 11 are collinear. Through the structure of the stepped drainage tunnel of this embodiment, a group of multi-level traffic steps 3 are respectively arranged on both sides of the first slope surface 12. When the water flow dissipates energy on each energy dissipation step 1, the multi-level traffic steps 3 simultaneously perform multiple secondary energy dissipation on the water flow on both sides of the energy dissipation step 1, so as to reduce the collision and scouring of the water flow on the buildings on both sides of the energy dissipation step 1, thereby extending the service life of the energy dissipation building.

Further, looking back at Figure 2, the energy dissipation building also includes side walls 4 arranged on both sides of the multi-level energy dissipation steps 1, and the connecting line of the outer sides of the multi-level energy dissipation steps 1 and the corresponding side walls 4 are collinear, so that a water flow energy dissipation area is formed between the two side walls 4. Through the structure of the stepped water discharge tunnel of this embodiment, the setting of the two side walls 4 can guide the water flow to flow along the water flow energy dissipation area, that is, guide the water flow to gradually consume energy through the multiple energy dissipation steps 1, and reduce the impact of the water flow on the building and the surrounding environment. Combined with the setting of the above-mentioned multi-level traffic steps 3, the collision and scouring of the water flow on the two side walls 4 can be reduced, which helps to protect the stability of the structure of the two side walls 4.

Further, as shown in FIG4 , a plurality of rows of first energy dissipation components are arranged on the first slope surface 12, and the first energy dissipation components include a plurality of first energy dissipation ridges 5 arranged side by side. The first energy dissipation ridge 5 is a triangular structure with one corner facing the water flow above, and the first energy dissipation ridges 5 of two adjacent rows are arranged in a staggered manner, so that the side-by-side first energy dissipation ridges 5 collide with and dissipate energy of the water flow sliding along the first slope surface 12. Through the structure of the stepped water discharge tunnel of this embodiment, when the water flow is a large flow, the first energy dissipation ridge 5 is a triangular structure with one corner facing the water flow above, so that the two sides of the top angle of the first energy dissipation ridge 5 are used to collide with and dissipate energy of the water flow, and to divert the sediment flowing through to avoid sediment accumulation at the first energy dissipation ridge 5. Furthermore, the contact and collision opportunities between the water flow and the first energy dissipation ridge 5 are increased by using a plurality of rows of first energy dissipation components, so as to improve the energy dissipation effect. In addition, by staggering the first energy dissipation ridges 5 in two adjacent rows, water flow at different positions on the first slope surface 12 can be affected by the energy dissipation effect of the first energy dissipation ridges 5, thereby avoiding the concentration of water flow in certain areas, thereby reducing local scouring and stress concentration, and increasing the uniformity and comprehensiveness of energy dissipation.

Furthermore, multiple rows of second energy dissipation components are arranged on the first step surface 11, and the second energy dissipation components include multiple second energy dissipation steps 6 arranged side by side. The second energy dissipation step 6 is a hemispherical structure with its apex facing the water flow above, and the second energy dissipation steps 6 in two adjacent rows are arranged in a staggered manner, so that the side-by-side second energy dissipation steps 6 collide with and dissipate energy of the water flow falling from the upper energy dissipation step 1. Through the structure of the stepped water discharge tunnel of this embodiment, when the water flow is a small flow rate, and the form is a falling flow falling from the first step surface 11 of the upper energy dissipation step 1, the second energy dissipation step 6 is used as a hemispherical structure with its apex facing the water flow above, so that the hemispherical surface of the second energy dissipation step 6 is used to collide with the falling water flow above and generate a vortex to dissipate energy, and the smooth outer surface of the second energy dissipation step 6 will not have concave corners for sedimentation, and then the contact and collision opportunities between the water flow and the second energy dissipation step 6 are increased through multiple rows of second energy dissipation components, so as to improve the energy dissipation effect. In addition, the second energy dissipation ridge 6 can also perform secondary collision and energy dissipation on the water flow along the first slope surface 12. Therefore, the second energy dissipation ridges 6 in two adjacent rows are arranged in a staggered manner, so that the sliding water flow at different positions of the first step surface 11 can be subjected to the secondary energy dissipation effect of the second energy dissipation ridge 6, thereby avoiding the sliding water flow from concentrating in certain areas, thereby reducing local scouring and stress concentration, and improving the efficiency and comprehensiveness of energy dissipation.

As described above, the stepped spillway tunnel of the present invention has been tested by hydraulic model tests and can take into account energy dissipation, sand passing and traffic, and has beneficial effects that non-stepped spillway tunnels and traditional stepped spillway tunnels do not have. For details, see the spillway tunnel test data comparison table.

Comparison table of flood discharge tunnel test data

It can be seen from the comparison table of test data of the flood discharge tunnel that the step-type water discharge tunnel of the present invention has a high energy dissipation rate, which can reduce the energy release at the outlet of the flood discharge tunnel, reduce the impact of water flow on downstream structures and the environment, and thus reduce potential harm and damage. At the same time, there is no sediment accumulation at the first scouring concave corner 13 of the energy dissipation step 1 after the sand passes, and the amount of sediment carried into this place during the sand passing is less than that of the traditional steps; there are also multi-level traffic steps 3, each with a vertical height of 0.22m, which is convenient for personnel to enter the tunnel for maintenance.

The present invention also discloses an energy dissipation method, which adopts the stepped water discharge tunnel of the above embodiment, comprising:

A multi-stage energy dissipation step 1 is arranged in the discharge tunnel for the water flow to flow from upstream to downstream. The continuously connected multi-stage energy dissipation step 1 dissipates energy of water flow in different forms, and the silt flowing on the energy dissipation step 1 is flushed without dead angles based on the arrangement of the first flushing concave angle 13.

When the water flow is small, the water flow falls from the first step surface 11 of the upper energy dissipation step 1 to the first step surface 11 of the lower energy dissipation step 1, and the water flow is continuously dissipated through the collision between the water flow and the first step surface 11;

When the water flow is large, the water flows along the first slope surface 12 of the upper energy dissipation step 1 to the first step surface 11 of the lower energy dissipation step 1, and a transverse axis vortex is formed on the first step surface 11 by the water flow. The water flow above the transverse axis vortex is a slip flow, so that the transverse axis vortex and the upper slip water flow undergo shear friction to dissipate energy.

The stepped discharge tunnel and energy dissipation method of the embodiment of the present invention arranges a multi-stage energy dissipation step 1 through which the water supply flow flows from upstream to downstream in the discharge tunnel, and utilizes the cooperation of the first step surface 11 and the first slope surface 12 of the energy dissipation step 1 to perform collision and shear friction energy dissipation on the passing water flow of different forms, and the slightly inclined first step surface 11 and the first slope surface 12 with a certain slope are used to flush the silt and other particles in the water flow, and the first flushing concave angle 13 with an angle greater than 90° can prevent the concave angle where silt and other particles are permanently deposited between two adjacent energy dissipation steps 1, thereby preventing the silt from being deposited on the energy dissipation step 1 while satisfying the energy dissipation function, thereby reducing the collision and wear degree of the silt particles on the energy dissipation step 1. In addition, by respectively setting the multi-level traffic steps 3 on both sides of the first slope surface 12, an up and down passage with a smaller span is provided to facilitate maintenance personnel to safely and smoothly go up and down the energy dissipation step 1, and when discharging water, in conjunction with the energy dissipation effect of the energy dissipation step 1, the water flow on the side of the energy dissipation step 1 is subjected to multiple secondary energy dissipation to reduce the collision and scouring of the water flow on the buildings on the side of the energy dissipation step 1, thereby extending the service life of the energy dissipation building, and helping to protect the stability of related structures such as fill or slope protection around the energy dissipation building, thereby reducing maintenance costs.

It should be understood that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. For those skilled in the art, the technical solutions described in the above embodiments can be modified, or some of the technical features therein can be replaced by equivalents; and all these modifications and replacements should fall within the protection scope of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A stepped drainage tunnel, characterized in that: the stepped drainage tunnel comprises a tunnel body and an energy dissipation building arranged in the tunnel body, the energy dissipation building comprises a plurality of energy dissipation steps continuously connected along the direction of water flow, the energy dissipation step comprises a first step surface for dissipating energy of the water flow, and a first slope surface for diverting sediment along the direction of water flow, the first slope surface of the energy dissipation step of the upper level and the first step surface of the energy dissipation step of the lower level are connected to form a first scouring concave angle with an angle greater than 90°. 2. The stepped drainage tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the energy dissipation structure also includes a base, the base is laid obliquely along the direction of water flow to form a slope for diverting water flow, multiple levels of energy dissipation steps are arranged on the base, and the first step surface of the energy dissipation step and the slope direction of the base are arranged at an angle, so that the first step surface of the energy dissipation step hinders the water flow for energy dissipation. 3. The stepped drainage tunnel according to claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that the first step surface of the energy dissipation step is inclined along the water flow direction to form a slope for diverting sediment, and the first step surface and the first slope surface on the same energy dissipation step are connected to form a first transition convex angle. 4. The stepped drainage tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: a plurality of traffic steps continuously connected along the slope direction of the first slope surface are arranged on the side of the first slope surface, the uppermost traffic step is connected with the first step surface corresponding to the energy dissipation step, and the lowermost traffic step is connected with the first step surface of the next energy dissipation step, wherein the height of the vertical line connecting the plurality of traffic steps is the same as the height of the first slope surface in the vertical direction. 5. The stepped drainage tunnel according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the traffic step includes a second step surface for dissipating energy of the water flow, and a second slope surface for diverting sediment along the direction of the water flow, the second slope surface of the upper level of the traffic step and the second step surface of the lower level of the traffic step are connected to form a second scouring concave angle with an angle greater than 90°, and the second step surface and the second slope surface on the same traffic step are connected to form a second transition convex angle. 6. The stepped drainage tunnel according to claim 4 or 5 is characterized in that: the width of the first slope surface is smaller than the width of the first step surface, and the first slope surface is connected to the middle of the edge of the first step surface, and a group of multiple levels of traffic steps are respectively arranged on both sides of the first slope surface, and the connecting line of the outer sides of the multiple levels of the traffic steps and the connecting line of the outer sides of the multiple levels of the first step surfaces are collinear. 7. The stepped drainage tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the energy dissipation structure also includes side walls arranged on both sides of the multiple energy dissipation steps, and the connecting line of the outer sides of the multiple energy dissipation steps and the side walls on the corresponding sides are collinear, so that a water flow energy dissipation area is formed between the two side walls. 8. The stepped drainage tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: multiple rows of first energy dissipation components are arranged on the first slope surface, and the first energy dissipation components include multiple first energy dissipation steps arranged side by side, and the first energy dissipation steps are triangular structures with one corner facing the upward water flow, and the first energy dissipation steps in two adjacent rows are staggered so that the side-by-side first energy dissipation steps can collide and vortex to dissipate energy of the water flow sliding along the first slope surface. 9. The stepped drainage tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: multiple rows of second energy dissipation components are arranged on the first step surface, and the second energy dissipation components include multiple second energy dissipation steps arranged side by side, and the second energy dissipation steps are hemispherical structures with their apexes facing the water flow above, and the second energy dissipation steps in two adjacent rows are staggered so that the side-by-side second energy dissipation steps can collide and vortex to dissipate energy of the water flow falling from the energy dissipation step of the upper level. 10. An energy dissipation method, using the stepped drainage tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the energy dissipation method comprises: Arrange multiple energy dissipation steps in the discharge tunnel through which the water flow flows from upstream to downstream, dissipate energy of water flow in different forms by the continuously connected multiple energy dissipation steps, and flush the sediment flowing on the energy dissipation steps without dead angles based on the arrangement of the first flushing concave angles; When the water flow falls from the first step surface of the energy dissipation step of the previous level to the first step surface of the energy dissipation step of the next level, the water flow is continuously energy-dissipated by the collision between the water flow and the first step surface; When the water flows from the first slope surface of the previous energy dissipation step to the first step surface of the next energy dissipation step, the water flows on the first step surface to form a transverse axis vortex to dissipate the subsequent water flow by shear friction.