CN215517666U - Novel efficient environment-friendly aluminum electrolytic cell - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of aluminum smelting, in particular to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis cells, and improves and innovates in many aspects aiming at some larger defects and shortcomings of the traditional aluminum electrolysis cell. The utility model provides a novel efficient environment-friendly aluminum electrolytic cell, which comprises an electrolytic cell supporting beam, an anode box, an anode conductor, an aluminum electrolytic cell asphalt smoke purifying device, an electrolytic cell heat insulation cover plate and an electrolytic cell gas collection feeding box, wherein the electrolytic cell supporting beam, the anode box, the anode conductor, the aluminum electrolytic cell asphalt smoke purifying device, the electrolytic cell heat insulation cover plate and the electrolytic cell gas collection feeding box are arranged on an electrolytic cell edge plate. The novel high-efficiency environment-friendly aluminum electrolytic cell replaces a prebaked anode with a continuous self-baking small anode, heat, gas and dust generated in the electrolytic production process are sealed in a high-temperature small space, and the generated flue gas is subjected to in-cell purification treatment. The aluminum electrolysis production does not need to replace the anode and the related work, does not need to carry out heat preservation covering work on the electrolytic cell, and the like, is more environment-friendly in production, more stable and efficient, can reduce more than 50% of staff in the production line, and greatly reduces the production cost.

Description

Novel efficient environment-friendly aluminum electrolytic cell

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of aluminum smelting, in particular to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis cells.

Background

The aluminum smelting industry has not changed the process and principle of the industrial aluminum smelting since the Hall-Heroult aluminum oxide fused salt electrolysis aluminum smelting method was adopted in 1886, however, the main equipment for aluminum smelting by the cryolite-aluminum oxide fused salt electrolysis method, namely the aluminum electrolytic cell, has changed greatly in structural performance, the aluminum electrolytic cell has undergone six development stages, namely a small-sized prebaked anode electrolytic cell, a side conductive continuous self-baking anode electrolytic cell, an upper conductive continuous self-baking anode electrolytic cell, an edge processing high-capacity prebaked anode electrolytic cell, a middle linear blanking prebaked anode electrolytic cell and a middle point type blanking prebaked anode electrolytic cell, and the large or ultra-large prebaked anode electrolytic cell produced and operated in the aluminum electrolysis industry at present belongs to the middle point type blanking prebaked anode electrolytic cell. With the continuous development of science and technology, the energy cost is increased year by year, the environmental protection requirement is strict day by day, the labor cost is increased, and the aluminum electrolysis cell is continuously developed towards large-scale and automation. The 660KA prebaked anode electrolytic cell is the maximum capacity aluminum electrolytic cell which is put into production operation at present, and an aluminum electrolytic cell which has larger capacity, higher automation degree and more environmental protection can be put into production operation in the future.

Although the aluminum electrolysis cell has been continuously explored and applied by a plurality of scientific technologies for more than one hundred years, the structural performance of the aluminum electrolysis cell is greatly improved, and the aluminum electrolysis production is more and more efficient and environment-friendly. However, the overall structural performance of the aluminum electrolytic cell, whether the existing large prebaked anode electrolytic cell or the former self-baked anode electrolytic cell, still has some major defects and shortcomings, which are still not solved effectively.

On one hand, the existing large-scale prebaked anode aluminum electrolytic cell has the work of exchanging anodes in production, the prebaked anodes purchased from outsourcing or produced by carbon plants in the enterprise are assembled into an anode conducting set and then installed on the electrolytic cell, the anode scrap in the cell must be continuously replaced by newly assembled anodes in the production process, a plurality of anodes in the electrolytic cell have different thicknesses, the anode current is not uniformly distributed, and meanwhile, the anode scrap also needs manual and mechanical treatment; the second aspect has the defects that the electrolyte is dirty, the furnace sides and the extending legs are irregular and change frequently, the production cannot be stable and efficient for a long time, technical managers need to adjust process parameters continuously according to the bath conditions, and operators often perform manual operation to solve the problems. The main reason for this is that the anodes of the electrolytic cell, the space between the anodes (including the middle part of the cell), the anodes and the side and end of the electrolytic cell are insulated by sealing covers made of alumina and electrolyte mixture. Therefore, the local covering heat preservation layer is often burnt through, the solid electrolyte is melted, a large amount of aluminum oxide sinks into the local tank bottom for accumulation, and the situation also occurs in the pole changing process, so that carbon slag and aluminum oxide in the electrolyte are mixed, some local extending legs are increased, the furnace side is thickened, some local extending legs are shortened, the furnace side is thinned or even disappears, and the hearth of the electrolytic cell is not regular and stable. Meanwhile, hard blocks exist between the anodes, some clusters also float in the electrolyte liquid, a flow channel of the liquid electrolyte is not completely unblocked, and the electrolyte liquid contains alumina at each part. The technology for automatically extinguishing the anode effect is invented abroad in the last years, but the technology is not used in a plurality of enterprises, particularly domestic aluminum electrolysis enterprises, and the main reason is that the liquid electrolyte in an electrolytic cell is dirty. The third aspect has the defects that the upper part of the electrolytic cell is not sealed enough in production, the heat loss of the electrolytic cell is large, and part of smoke and dust are emitted in the production site environment. These are evident at pole changes, which are also present at ordinary times and can be found on the production site for a long time. For example: the groove control box and the air control cabinet in the factory building cannot be cleaned for a few days, and more dust can be stored. The main reason is that a plurality of feed openings and fire holes are arranged during production, and the gas collecting device is positioned outside the heat-insulating sealed space. Therefore, the flue gas dust comes out from the crust breaking feed opening, the fire hole and the like, is filled in a large space defined by the tank door cover and the upper facility of the electrolytic tank, and is collected into the gas collecting hood and the flue under the action of negative pressure. Therefore, because the slot door cover has a gap and needs to be opened in some work, part of flue gas dust is easily emitted to the field environment, and the heat of the electrolytic cell is also dissipated from the crust breaking feed opening, the fire hole and the loose alumina electrolyte covering material into a large space enclosed by the slot door cover and the facility on the upper part of the electrolytic cell. In the heat loss of the electrolytic cell, the upper part accounts for 55 percent, the side part accounts for 38 percent, the bottom part accounts for 7 percent, and most of heat is dissipated from the upper part.

The big defects and shortcomings of the prior self-baking anode aluminum electrolytic cell are mainly as follows: firstly, the generated asphalt smoke is not effectively purified, and the environment is seriously polluted; secondly, in large anode production, gas generated by electrolytic reaction is not discharged in time well, the electrolytic cell often generates pathological changes, the manual treatment is more, the economic and technical indexes are poorer, and the structure is not suitable for large scale; thirdly, alumina is used as a heat preservation material at the upper part of the electrolytic cell as in the prebaking cell, and the alumina is added by adopting edge pressing shell processing, so that the problems of hearth change and electrolyte dirtiness caused by the alumina are more serious than those of the prebaking anode cell; fourthly, the electrolytic cell is not well sealed, is worse than a pre-baking cell, and has serious fume and dust emission.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to provide a novel efficient environment-friendly aluminum electrolysis cell aiming at solving the defects and shortcomings of the aluminum electrolysis cell for a long time and providing an effective solution.

The technical scheme of the utility model is that an electrolytic bath supporting beam, an anode box, an electrolytic bath asphalt smoke purification device, an electrolytic bath heat insulation cover plate and an electrolytic bath gas collection feeding box are arranged on the existing aluminum electrolytic bath or a newly-built electrolytic bath, a small anode is arranged in the anode box, and an aluminum conductor is used for connecting the anode and an anode aluminum bus.

A novel high-efficiency environment-friendly aluminum cell is characterized in that an electrolytic cell supporting beam is arranged on an electrolytic cell edge plate and used for placing an anode box, an asphalt smoke purification device, a gas collection feeding box and a middle electrolytic cell heat insulation cover plate. The supporting beam can use high-temperature resistant reinforced concrete as a main body and can also use a thick steel plate as a main body. The high-temperature-resistant reinforced concrete-based electrolytic tank supporting beam is prepared by using high-aluminum refractory cement, coarse and fine aggregates and water, and then is cast in a die with a high-temperature calcium silicate plate and ceramic fireproof devices, wherein the top of the beam is provided with two L-shaped grooves, the depth of each groove is 5mm, the length of each groove is 2mm longer than that of an anode box, the width of each groove is 1mm larger than that of the steel plate of the anode box, and the high-temperature calcium silicate plate and the ceramic fireproof cloth are cast and adhered to the bottom and the side of a girder. The support beam can also be made of thick steel plates, high-temperature calcium silicate plates and ceramic fireproof cloth. The high-temperature calcium silicate board has a small heat conductivity coefficient of only 0.034W/m.K at normal temperature and only 0.1W/m.K at high temperature of 600 ℃, and can well reduce the heat conducted by high-temperature electrolyte to a high-temperature resistant reinforced concrete beam or a steel beam. The ceramic fireproof cloth is high-temperature resistant and stable, directly faces the high temperature of the liquid electrolyte, and protects the high-temperature calcium silicate board to be in good condition for a long time, so that the support beam on the high-temperature electrolyte liquid can keep stable for a long time. The support beam provides support for the anode box, the anode can be made to be the same size as the anode of the prebaked anode electrolytic cell, which is beneficial to timely discharge of anode bottom gas, and solves the problem that the conventional self-baked anode electrolytic cell cannot be large-sized, and the large prebaked anode electrolytic cell can be made to be large at present and later, and the novel efficient environment-friendly aluminum electrolytic cell can be made to be large.

Novel high-efficient environmental protection aluminium cell, install the positive pole case on a supporting beam, quantity is tens supreme hundreds, for the open cuboid metal box in bottom, the material is steel or stainless steel, matches with prebaked anode size, highly about 1400mm, has the resistant high temperature cloth of one deck at the box inner wall, and its main function is to let the positive pole raw materials add the positive pole incasement calcination be qualified anode cone, and not glue with the box together, and the positive pole body can reciprocate for the positive pole case, ensures that production goes on smoothly. The steel plate at the top of the anode boxes is welded firmly, four anode conductive belts are arranged on the steel plate to enter the anode boxes and are connected with the anodes, the anode particle entering device is arranged on the outer wall of the upper part of the outer side of the box body, an anode particle distributing plate is arranged in the anode box, anode particles uniformly fall above the anode body, a circular hole is formed downwards, a screwed pipe joint is welded on the circular hole and is connected with an asphalt smoke purifying device, and asphalt smoke generated in production cannot leak. The anode box body is also provided with a pneumatic clamping device which consists of a cylinder and a clamping plate and is used when the bus is lifted. The self-baking bath is different from the prior self-baking bath, the self-baking bath generally only has 1 anode frame sleeve, is suspended above the high-temperature liquid electrolyte of the electrolytic bath by a steel wire rope, and can be uncovered and added with anode paste above the self-baking bath, the function is simpler, and the asphalt smoke generated in the production process directly leaks to the production site and the periphery.

A novel high-efficiency environment-friendly aluminum cell is produced by using a self-baking small anode. The anode is firstly baked outside the tank and placed in an anode box, the material for baking the anode outside the tank is the same as that in production, the raw material is anode particles, the anode particles are products obtained by mixing and kneading high-quality forged coke and asphalt, and an aluminum conductive belt unit is arranged in the anode. The aluminum conductor for connecting the anode and the anode aluminum bus is made of a thick aluminum plate and an aluminum soft belt, wherein the anode branch bus made of the thick aluminum plate is symmetrically welded or fastened on two sides of the anode aluminum bus by a screw, and the conductive belt unit is formed by welding an aluminum soft belt and aluminum blocks with 7-shaped ends, so that the conductive belt units can be connected in a buckling manner, and then the conductive belt unit at the top is buckled on the anode branch bus to form a complete aluminum conductor. When in production, current flows from the anode bus bar to the anode cone through the aluminum conductor, and the bottom palm of the anode cone is used as the anode of the electrolytic reaction to participate in the electrochemical reaction. In the production, the bottom of the anode is continuously consumed, the heat energy of the electrolyte and the resistance heat of the anode are combined, the anode particles on the anode are continuously melted into liquid paste, the solid anode body is finally sintered, and new anodes are continuously formed. The aluminum in the anode under the temperature equal line of 660 ℃ is melted into the groove because the temperature exceeds the melting point, 4 grooves with the same depth are arranged in the anode, and the high-temperature liquid electrolyte is arranged in the grooves, thereby being beneficial to the roasting of the anode and the removal of gas. The novel efficient environment-friendly aluminum electrolysis cell has no redundant aluminum oxide, hard blocks of materials and the like, electrolyte liquid flows well, the temperature of the cell is balanced and stable, each anode is uniformly roasted, the height and the performance of each anode are the same, and compared with the height difference of the anode of the existing large-scale pre-cell and the performance difference, the overall performance is better, and the current distribution of the anode is more uniform. Therefore, the anode in the cell does not need to be replaced by a new assembled anode outside the cell, and only anode particles need to be supplemented periodically, and the anode particles entering device at the upper part of the anode box side uniformly fall above the anode body through the anode particle distribution plate, so that the whole anode height is ensured. The method well solves the problems of pole changing of the large-scale prebaked anode aluminum electrolytic cell and uneven distribution of anode current at present, and reduces the interference influence of pole changing on the electrolytic cell, environmental pollution, a large amount of workload and the like. Meanwhile, because the contact pressure drop of iron carbon and aluminum iron of the original prebaked anode conductor is avoided, the pressure drop of the aluminum conductor is lower than that of the prebaked anode conductor, 4 grooves with the same depth are formed in the anode, gas can be better removed, and a lower polar distance can be kept during production. The self-baking small anode and the aluminum conductor of the novel high-environment-friendly aluminum electrolytic cell well replace the pre-baking anode, the aluminum guide rod and the like of the existing slot, the anode replacement work is not carried out any more in the production process, and the production is more stable, efficient and environment-friendly. Because the procedures of anode forming, roasting, assembling, anode scrap cleaning and the like are omitted, personnel in the production line are greatly reduced, and the reduction of the production line is more than 50 percent compared with the existing large-scale prebaking production. The self-baking cell is different from the previous self-baking cell, the self-baking cell generally only has one large anode, the raw material is anode paste, the metal iron bar and copper strip are connected with the anode and the anode bus, the procedures of adding paste, nailing the bar, pulling the bar, switching and the like are carried out, the work is dirty, bitter and dangerous, the quantity is large, the labor productivity is low, and the environment of the operation site is extremely poor.

The utility model discloses a novel high-efficiency environment-friendly aluminum cell, which is provided with an electrolytic cell asphalt smoke purifying device, wherein the electrolytic cell asphalt smoke purifying device consists of pipelines with different pipe diameters, the number of main bodies of the electrolytic cell asphalt smoke purifying device is two, the pipelines are processed into pipelines with a plurality of return bend pipes by galvanized steel pipes, the return bend pipes are symmetrically and horizontally placed on a supporting beam, and asphalt smoke in the pipelines is fully heated before entering electrolyte. The upper part of the device is a component formed by connecting common steel pipes and hoses, one end of the component is connected with a screw joint on the edge heat insulation board, the other end of the component is communicated with a smoke exhaust hole on the upper part outside each anode box, and the lower part of the device extends into high-temperature electrolyte or the surface of the high-temperature electrolyte and is a high-temperature resistant silicon nitride combined silicon carbide pipe. The pipelines of each part of the asphalt smoke purifying device and the metal shell are connected by screw threads. The asphalt smoke generated on the upper part of the anode enters the asphalt purification device from the smoke exhaust hole on the upper part of each anode box, is fully preheated by a plurality of return-bent pipelines and lower pipelines which are long in the length of the asphalt purification device body, enters electrolyte liquid with high temperature of about 960 ℃, escapes the electrolyte liquid or directly enters the surface of the high-temperature electrolyte liquid in the middle of two rows of anodes, is fully cracked and cracked in the process, and is combusted by oxygen introduced from pipelines on the middle heat-insulating cover plate and the gas-collecting feeding box, so that the asphalt smoke is changed into harmless and environment-friendly gas. Therefore, the treatment problem of asphalt smoke is well solved in the electrolytic cell, the produced asphalt smoke is effectively purified, and the environmental protection requirement is met. This is not the case with previous self-baking cells.

The novel high-efficiency environment-friendly aluminum cell is provided with a special electrolytic cell heat insulation cover plate and a gas collection blanking box, and seals high-temperature electrolyte and an anode in a small space with high temperature, thereby changing the method of covering, insulating and sealing with aluminum oxide for over a hundred years. The electrolytic cell heat insulation cover plate comprises a middle heat insulation cover plate and an edge heat insulation cover plate, and the middle heat insulation cover plate and the edge heat insulation cover plate are all composed of steel plates, high-temperature calcium silicate plates and ceramic fireproof cloth. The edge heat-insulating cover plates arranged on two large surfaces are provided with a threaded hole connected with an asphalt smoke pipe, the middle electrolytic tank is provided with two air inlet pipes made of high-temperature-resistant silicon nitride combined with a silicon carbide pipe or a corundum pipe, and the air pipes are used for introducing external oxygen to combust, crack and pyrolyze asphalt smoke and CO. The gas collection feeding box is composed of a box body, a feeding pipe with a screwed joint, a first-stage material distribution plate, a second-stage material distribution plate, a smoke absorbing pipe, a sealing steel plate, a high-temperature calcium silicate plate, ceramic fireproof cloth and two gas inlet pipes formed by connecting a steel pipe and a high-temperature-resistant silicon nitride combined silicon carbide pipe or a corundum pipe, wherein the gas inlet pipes are used for introducing external oxygen to combust CO and the like. The alumina electrolyte mixture has general sealing performance, gaps exist, and the alumina powder has high heat conductivity coefficient which is close to 10W/m.K, so that the sealing and heat-insulating effects on flue gas are not ideal. And the blanking hole and the fire hole are completely communicated with the large space formed by closing the slot door cover, so that the heat loss of the upper part is large and reaches 55 percent. The cover plate material has low heat conductivity coefficient, the heat conductivity coefficient of the high-temperature calcium silicate plate is only 0.034W/mK at normal temperature and is only about 0.1W/mK at high temperature of 600 ℃, the heat preservation effect is better than that of an alumina electrolyte mixture, the cover plate material is completely closed, the cover plate material is seamless, and only the blanking gas collecting box is used as an alumina and flue gas inlet and outlet, so that the heat dissipated from the upper part is little, and the saved partial heat can well bake a plurality of anodes in the cell and lay a foundation for reducing the cell voltage. The gas generated in the production process is sealed in a high-temperature small space and directly enters the gas collection blanking box, no leakage exists, and the environment around the tank and the factory building is greatly improved. During production, the alumina that comes from the constant volume unloading falls downwards, and the flue gas that the electrolysis production produced advances the box upward movement, and both meet, harmful gas such as HF in the flue gas is by alumina adsorption, and the flue gas is handled the back through the outer clean system of factory building again, and the exhaust flue gas is more environmental protection. The alumina uniformly falls into electrolyte with larger area after passing through two stages of material distributing plates of the gas-collecting blanking box, and the alumina entering electrolyte with unit area is reduced by more than ten times compared with the existing tank without generating precipitation instead of falling into electrolyte liquid at a crust breaking blanking hole in a centralized way like the existing tank. The whole high-temperature electrolyte is clean and smooth, no redundant alumina is deposited in the electrolytic cell after the electrolytic cell is started, a hearth and extending legs of the electrolytic cell are naturally formed, and the hearth is regular and stable. Because the electrolyte is clean and smooth, the cracked and cracked asphalt smoke and co are subjected to oxidation reaction in the interval to release heat, stirring of the electrolyte in the interval is increased, the alumina is quickly dissolved and diffused in the whole cell, the concentration of the alumina in the electrolyte in the whole cell and the temperature of the electrolyte are relatively balanced and stable, the electrolyte can well wet the anode and uniformly roast the anode, the anode current is uniformly distributed, the production is more stable, and the electrolysis efficiency can be greatly improved. The problems of dirty electrolyte, irregular and stable hearth and insufficient electrolyte liquid flow of the current large prebaked anode cell and all the previous electrolytic cells including a self-baking cell are solved, and the problems of large heat dissipation at the upper part of the electrolytic cell and smoke dust emission to pollute the production site environment are solved.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that: the process saves a large amount of investment of procedures such as prebaked anode and anode scrap cleaning, a large amount of stations such as anode assembly and the like do not exist, the production is safer, the production site and the periphery are cleaner and more environment-friendly, a front-line production personnel is greatly reduced, the production technical and economic indexes such as current efficiency and the like are obviously improved, and the production cost of an enterprise can be reduced by about 1200 yuan/TAL.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel efficient environment-friendly aluminum electrolysis cell, FIG. 2 is a front view of a girder of the electrolysis cell, FIG. 3 is a side view of a self-baking small anode, FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a cross section of the bottom of the self-baking small anode, FIG. 5 is a side view of an anode branch bus, FIG. 6 is a side view of a conductive belt unit, FIG. 7 is a top view of a main body of an asphalt purification device of the electrolysis cell, FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of a side heat-insulating cover plate of the electrolysis cell, FIG. 9 is a front view of the heat-insulating cover plate in the electrolysis cell, and FIG. 10 is a side view of a gas-collecting discharge box of the electrolysis cell.

In the figure 1, 1-aluminum liquid 2-high temperature electrolyte liquid 10-extending leg 3-electrolytic cell supporting beam 41-anode box 42-isolating cloth 43-metal box 44-isolating cloth inlet 45-anode particle distribution plate 46-anode particle inlet device 47-pneumatic clamping device 51-anode cone 52-liquid anode paste 53-anode particle 54-anode groove 61-anode branch bus 62-aluminum conductive belt unit 71-asphalt smoke purification device main body 72-asphalt smoke lower pipe 73-asphalt smoke upper pipe 81-electrolytic cell edge heat insulation cover plate 82-electrolytic cell middle heat insulation cover plate 9-electrolytic cell gas collection feeding box.

Detailed Description

The novel efficient environment-friendly aluminum electrolysis cell effectively overcomes the defects and shortcomings of the existing aluminum electrolysis cell, and is beneficial to understanding the structure and production operation of the novel efficient environment-friendly aluminum electrolysis cell, which is described in the following by combining with the attached drawings and the embodiment.

Before production, an N/2+1 supporting beam (3) is well installed and fixed on an edge plate of an electrolytic cell, an electrolytic cell asphalt smoke purifying device main body (71) is installed on the supporting beam (3) and a lower smoke pipe (73) is connected, a middle heat-insulation cover plate (82) and a gas-collection feeding box (9) are placed in the center of the supporting beam (3), a discharging opening joint (92) of the gas-collection feeding box is connected with an alumina feeding box, and a smoke absorption pipe (96) joint is connected with an electrolytic cell smoke-supporting pipe. Then all the anode boxes (4) are arranged on the supporting beam, the small anodes which are cast and roasted outside the tank are hoisted into the anode boxes, and the small anodes are hoisted on the anode aluminum bus by aluminum conductors (6). After the electrolytic cell is started, an edge heat insulation cover plate (81) is covered, and an upper asphalt smoke pipe (72) of the asphalt smoke purifying device is well connected with an asphalt smoke purifying device main body (71) and an anode box smoke vent.

The utility model is specially provided with an electrolytic cell heat insulation cover plate (8) which comprises a middle heat insulation cover plate (82) and an edge heat insulation cover plate (81), wherein the appearance structure of the edge heat insulation cover plate (81) is different due to different electrolytic cell positions, and figure 8 is a structure diagram of the most main edge heat insulation cover plate and is provided with a threaded hole connected with an asphalt smoke pipe. The edge heat-insulating cover plate (81) consists of a steel plate (811), a high-temperature calcium silicate plate (812) and a ceramic fireproof cloth (813). The heat insulation cover plate (82) of the middle electrolytic tank consists of a steel plate (821), a high-temperature calcium silicate plate (822), a ceramic fireproof cloth (823) and two air pipes (824) made of high-temperature-resistant silicon nitride combined with a silicon carbide pipe or a corundum pipe, wherein the air pipes are used for introducing external oxygen to combust, crack and split asphalt smoke and CO. Before production, a middle heat-insulation cover plate (82) and a gas-collecting feeding box (9) are placed in the center of the support beam (3), and after the electrolytic bath is started, an edge heat-insulation cover plate (81) is covered. During production, the generated heat, gas and dust are completely sealed in a sealed chamber formed by the electrolytic tank heat insulation cover plate (8), the electrolytic tank supporting beam (3), the anode box (4), the anode (5), the electrolytic tank edge plate (1) and the like, the upper part of the sealed chamber space is a little higher than the top position of the asphalt smoke purification device main body, and the bottom is a high-temperature electrolyte liquid level. Therefore, the flue gas of the electrolytic cell does not escape through the feed opening, the fire hole and the alumina covering material as the original electrolytic cell, spreads and fills the large space surrounded by the cell door cover and the upper facilities of the electrolytic cell, is collected into the gas collecting hood under the action of negative pressure, and directly enters the gas collecting feed box in the sealed chamber. The heat conductivity coefficient of the material of the heat-insulating cover plate of the electrolytic cell is far lower than that of aluminum oxide, and the structure is compact and airtight, so that the heat loss of the electrolytic cell and the leakage of smoke and dust are greatly reduced, and the environment of a site and a factory building is greatly improved.

The utility model is specially provided with an aluminum electrolytic cell asphalt smoke purification device (7) which consists of an asphalt purification device main body (71), an upper asphalt smoke pipe (72) and a lower asphalt smoke pipe (73). The asphalt purification device main body (71) is a pipeline which is processed by galvanized steel pipes and provided with a plurality of return bends and is symmetrically and horizontally placed on a supporting beam, an upper asphalt smoke pipe (72) of the device is a component which is formed by connecting common steel pipes and hoses, a lower asphalt smoke pipe (43) of the device is a high-temperature-resistant silicon nitride combined silicon carbide pipe, and all the pipelines and the metal shell of the asphalt smoke purification device are connected by screw threads. The method is characterized in that a lower asphalt smoke pipe (73) is connected to an installation supporting beam (3) of an asphalt smoke purifying device main body (71) before production, an edge heat-insulation cover plate (81) is covered after an electrolytic cell is started, and an upper smoke pipe (72) of the asphalt smoke purifying device is connected with the asphalt smoke purifying device main body (71) and an anode box smoke exhaust hole through the edge heat-insulation cover plate (81) and a threaded connector on an anode box. In the production process, the asphalt smoke generated at the upper part of the anode enters an upper smoke pipe (72) of the asphalt smoke purification device from a smoke exhaust hole at the upper part of each anode box and enters an asphalt purification device main body (71), the asphalt purification device main body is sealed in a high-temperature sealed space and is formed by a plurality of long bent pipelines, so that the smoke can be fully preheated, then directly enters the surface of high-temperature electrolyte liquid or the electrolyte liquid with high temperature of about 960 ℃ from the lower smoke pipe (73), and then escapes the electrolyte liquid, and the obtained electrolyte liquid is fully cracked and cracked, and the asphalt smoke is burnt by oxygen introduced from an upper air pipe (824) of a middle heat-insulating cover plate on the electrolyte surface between two rows of anodes, so that the asphalt smoke is changed into harmless and environment-friendly gas. The method well solves the problem of asphalt smoke treatment, and the asphalt smoke generated in the production process is timely and effectively purified in the electrolytic bath, thereby meeting the requirement of environmental protection.

The utility model is specially provided with a gas collection feeding box, which consists of a box body (91), a feeding pipe (92) with a screw joint, a first-stage material distributing plate (93), a second-stage material distributing plate (94), a smoke absorbing pipe (95), a sealing steel plate (96), a high-temperature calcium silicate plate (97), a ceramic fireproof cloth (98) and two gas inlet pipes (99) which are formed by connecting a steel pipe and a high-temperature-resistant silicon nitride combined silicon carbide pipe or a corundum pipe, wherein the gas inlet pipes are used for introducing external oxygen to burn CO and the like. Before the delivery, the gas collection feeding box body which is provided with the smoke absorbing pipe, the first-level material distributing plate, the second-level material distributing plate, the high-temperature calcium silicate plate and the ceramic fireproof cloth is provided with the air inlet pipe and is arranged on the girder, the gas collection feeding box body is tightly attached to the adjacent middle heat insulation cover plate without a gap, the top positive inlet pipe (92) is continuously connected with the discharging port of the alumina material box, the smoke absorbing pipe (95) with the threaded joint at the upper part of the side of the box body is communicated with the smoke supporting pipe of the electrolytic bath, and the smoke supporting pipe is communicated with the smoke pipe of a factory building. During production, materials from the alumina feed box enter the feed pipe and then pass through the two stages of blanking distributing plates to uniformly fall downwards. The alumina meets the smoke on the way, adsorbs harmful components such as HF in the smoke and falls into the electrolyte liquid level. Because the electrolyte is clean and smooth, the stirring of the electrolyte is accelerated in the interval because the cracked asphalt smoke and co are combusted and released heat, the alumina is quickly dissolved and diffused to the whole cell, the concentration of the alumina in the electrolyte of the whole cell is uniform and stable, the cell temperature is more balanced, furnace bottom precipitation is not generated, the electrolyte can better wet the anode and the roasted anode, and the electrolysis efficiency can also be improved. In the later stage of starting the electrolytic cell, after the furnace and the extending legs of the electrolytic cell are naturally formed, the chamber of the whole cell is also regular and stable. Compared with the crust breaking blanking system installed in the original prebaked anode electrolytic cell, the crust breaking part is not used, the blanking system part is reserved, the capacity of the constant volume blanking device is reduced (0.5 kg or less), the alumina feeding is close to the continuous blanking state, and the control is simplified. In the production process, the flue gas flows upwards and is mixed with the alumina moving downwards, harmful components such as HF and the like in the flue gas are adsorbed to form environment-friendly flue gas, the flue gas enters the branch smoke pipe of the electrolytic cell from the smoke suction pipe of the box body and is then discharged to the atmosphere through the purification system outside the factory building, and the discharged flue gas is more environment-friendly than the prior large-scale pre-baking tank.

In the production process of the novel efficient environment-friendly aluminum electrolytic cell, a plurality of anodes (5) participating in electrolytic reaction are consumed in the reaction, and meanwhile, under the heating of high temperature of electrolyte and internal resistance heat, one part of an anode grain solid layer (53) is melted and changed into liquid paste (52), one part of the liquid paste is sintered into an anode cone (51), and new anodes are continuously formed. The consumption speed of the anode is about 2cm every day, the anode can be consumed once a day, the formation of an anode cone (51) and other reaction processes are not influenced, and the production is stable. For convenient and fast adding anode particles, an anode feeding device is arranged and comprises an anode feeding box and a plurality of feeding cylinders, the capacity of the feeding box is about 2 tons (can be larger), the lower end of the feeding box is connected with the plurality of feeding cylinders, and the capacity of the feeding cylinders is the adding amount of the anode particles required by production of each anode box every day. When the electrolytic cell needs to add anode particles, the overhead travelling crane lifts the anode feeding device filled with the anode particles to the cell, the charging barrel is communicated with the feeding devices (46) on the anode boxes on the cell, and the anode particles are added into the anode boxes. An automatic anode particle feeding system can also be developed and established.

In the production of the novel high-efficiency environment-friendly aluminum electrolytic cell, the bus lifting work is required as in the existing large-scale prebaked cell. Pneumatic clamping devices (47) are arranged on the anode box, and the pneumatic clamping devices consist of air cylinders and clamping plates and are fixed in front of and behind the conductive belt unit (62). When the bus bar is lifted, the corresponding air cylinders are commanded to control the action of the air control boxes to push the two corresponding longer conductive belt units (62) on each anode box to a clamping plate for clamping, the other two groups of conductive belt units are taken down from the anode branch bus bar (61), the two conductive units are connected respectively and then installed on the anode branch bus bar, then the anode bus bar is lifted to the corresponding position, the clamp is loosened, and the operation is completed. A busbar lifting jig device similar to the existing slotted busbar lifting frame can also be provided to perform the busbar lifting operation.

The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, and it is to be understood that the embodiments described are merely some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and that certain details of the embodiments are not to be interpreted as limitations of the present invention, except as defined in the appended claims. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort, also belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. Novel high-efficient environmental protection aluminium cell, including the electrolysis trough cell body, superstructure, characterized by has still included the electrolysis trough supporting beam that sets up on the groove edge board of electrolysis trough cell body, the anode box of installation on a supporting beam, at the positive pole of anode box, connect the aluminium electric conductor of positive pole and positive pole aluminium generating line, electrolysis trough pitch cigarette purifier, electrolysis trough thermal-insulated heat preservation apron, electrolysis trough gas collection feed box.

2. The novel efficient environment-friendly aluminum electrolysis cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein N/2+1 cell supporting beams are fixedly installed on the cell shell edge plates, N is the number of anode boxes of one cell, the supporting beams are structurally composed of high-temperature-resistant reinforced concrete or thick steel plates, high-temperature calcium silicate plates and ceramic fireproof cloth, two L-shaped grooves are formed in the tops of the beams, the depth of each groove is 5mm, the length of each groove is 2mm longer than that of each anode box, and the width of each groove is 1mm larger than that of each anode box steel plate.

3. The new high efficiency environmental protection aluminum reduction cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anode box installed on the supporting beam of the electrolytic cell is a cuboid with an open bottom, made of steel or stainless steel, and the top steel plate of the anode box is welded firmly, the steel plate is provided with four seams for the anode conductive belt to enter into the box, and is connected with the anode, the upper outer wall of the outer side of the box side part is provided with an anode particle entering device, an anode particle distributing plate is arranged in the box side part, a circular hole is arranged downwards and a screwed pipe joint is welded on the upper outer wall of the box side part, and is connected with the asphalt smoke purifying device, and a metal box and an isolating cloth inlet for containing the isolating cloth are arranged downwards, and the isolating cloth is tightly attached to the inner wall of the box body, in addition, a pneumatic clamping device is arranged on the anode box body and consists of a cylinder and a clamping plate.

4. The new high efficiency environmental protection aluminum reduction cell according to claim 1, wherein the anode is located in the anode box and connected with the anode aluminum bus bar by the aluminum conductor, and 4 grooves are arranged in the anode and do not disappear along with the production.

5. The new high efficiency environmental protection aluminum reduction cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrical conductor connecting the anode and the anode aluminum bus is made of thick aluminum plate and aluminum soft belt, wherein the anode bus made of thick aluminum plate is welded symmetrically or fastened on both sides of the anode aluminum bus by screw, the conductive belt unit is formed by welding aluminum soft belt and aluminum block with 7-shaped ends, thus the conductive belt units can be connected by buckling, then the uppermost conductive belt unit is buckled on the anode bus to form a complete electrical conductor.

6. The new high efficiency environmental protection aluminum reduction cell according to claim 1, wherein the provided electrobath pitch fume purification device is composed of two pipes with different pipe diameters, the main body of the device is two, the pipe is processed into a pipe with a plurality of return bends by a steel pipe, the pipe is symmetrically and horizontally placed on a supporting beam, the upper part of the device is a component connected by a common steel pipe and a hose, one end of the device is connected with a screw joint on the edge heat insulation board, one end of the device is communicated with the smoke exhaust hole on the upper part outside each anode box, the lower part of the device extends into the high temperature electrolyte or the surface, the device is a high temperature resistant silicon nitride combined silicon carbide pipe, and the pipelines of each part of the pitch fume purification device and the metal shell are connected by screw joints.

7. The new high efficiency environmental protection aluminum reduction cell according to claim 1, wherein the electrolytic cell thermal insulation cover plate is specially provided, the electrolytic cell thermal insulation cover plate is divided into an electrolytic cell middle cover plate and an electrolytic cell edge cover plate, the thermal insulation cover plate is composed of a thin steel plate, a high temperature calcium silicate plate and a ceramic fire-proof cloth, the electrolytic cell edge cover plate has a threaded hole connected with an asphalt smoke tube, and the middle cover plate is provided with two high temperature resistant silicon nitride combined silicon carbide tubes or corundum tubes.

8. The new high efficiency environmental protection aluminum reduction cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, it is specially provided with a gas collection feeding box which is installed on the supporting beam and connects the smoke exhaust branch pipe and the alumina feed box, it is composed of a box body, a feeding pipe with screw joint, a first class material distributing plate, a second class material distributing plate, a smoke absorbing pipe, a sealing steel plate, a high temperature calcium silicate plate, a ceramic fire-proof cloth and two air inlet pipes which are connected by a steel pipe and a high temperature resistant silicon nitride combined with a silicon carbide pipe or a corundum pipe, a hole is welded on the top center of the box body and connected with the screw joint, the smoke exhaust pipe is connected with the electrolysis cell smoke supporting pipe, the smoke supporting pipe is connected with the smoke pipe of the factory building.

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