CN114016086A - Exhaust-heat boiler formula aluminium cell structure - Google Patents

Abstract

A waste heat boiler type aluminum electrolytic cell structure is mainly applied to structural design and manufacture of a prebaked aluminum electrolytic cell and production of electrolytic aluminum. The method is characterized in that: on the basis of the unchanged structure of the cathode molten pool hearth and the conductive structure of the anode carbon block steel claw group of the existing aluminum electrolytic cell, the existing aluminum electrolytic cell is divided into a plurality of relatively independent anode operation spaces which are integrally communicated by using an inner side flue vertical baffle, a partition isolation steel plate, an outer side heat preservation furnace wall and an upper horizontal heat preservation cover plate according to the structural design principle of a waste heat boiler, can contain a plurality of anode carbon blocks and are relatively small in anode heat preservation operation partition bin space. And the negative pressure air output pipeline and the heat conduction pipeline device are arranged on the vertical baffle plate of the inner side flue and the partition isolation steel plate of the middle flue which is arranged in the improved aluminum electrolytic cell, so that heat dissipation energy smoke and dissipated heat energy in the aluminum electrolytic cell are absorbed and output to the waste heat utilization device of the aluminum electrolytic cell, and high-efficiency waste heat utilization is carried out.

Description

Exhaust-heat boiler formula aluminium cell structure

The technical field is as follows: a waste heat boiler type aluminum electrolytic cell structure is mainly applied to structural design and manufacture of a prebaked aluminum electrolytic cell and production of electrolytic aluminum.

Background art; the existing aluminum electrolysis bath main body structure is mainly constructed by a bottom molten pool structure, an upper anode conducting structure, an aluminum oxide feeding system device and a smoke discharging and dust removing system device, and is production technical equipment for converting aluminum oxide into aluminum liquid through electrolysis thermoelectrochemical reaction.

One of the structural characteristics of the existing aluminum electrolysis cell is as follows: the bottom of the aluminum electrolytic cell is an integral concave hearth molten pool structure, and an integral through anode operation space is formed between a horizontal fume shield plate and a cathode molten pool of a cell shell of the aluminum electrolytic cell structure; the anode carbon blocks configured in the aluminum electrolytic cell are consumable material parts in the electrolytic process, and the configuration number and the anode conductive area of the anode carbon blocks are matched with the cathode conductive area of the aluminum electrolytic cell. During the electrolysis production process, the anode carbon block needs to be replaced along with the consumption of the electrolysis process.

The electrolytic aluminum production process is a high energy consumption process, and the average alternating current power consumption of each ton of aluminum in the conventional electrolytic aluminum production process is about 13600 kwh. Only about 48% of the consumed electric energy participates in the thermoelectric chemical reaction, and the rest about 52% of the electric energy is converted into heat energy for maintaining the balance of the thermoelectric chemical reaction of the aluminum electrolytic cell and is emitted in the electrolytic process in a heat release mode. In the aluminum electrolysis process, in order to maintain heat balance, the idle power loss caused by heat dissipation is large, and the total electric energy utilization rate is low.

In the current electrolytic production process, the heat is released and the electric energy is converted from the consumption of electric energy. However, in the structural design and the electrolysis process of the existing aluminum electrolysis cell, the process and the device for converting the electric energy into the heat dissipation energy for maintaining the balance of the aluminum electric heating heat are not used. But the heat energy is dissipated and released disorderly to the air by adopting a disorderly dissipation mode; this not only wastes a lot of electric energy, but also pollutes the electrolytic plant environment. The electric energy wasted by heat dissipation undoubtedly increases the carbon emission in the production process of the aluminum electrolysis cell, wastes valuable energy consumption and power resources and increases the production and power cost of the electrolytic aluminum.

Calculated according to the structure of the existing aluminum electrolytic cell and the production process of the electrolytic aluminum, more than 50 percent of the energy dissipated by maintaining the thermal balance in the production process of the aluminum electrolytic cell is derived from the heat dissipation of the anode heat-preservation operation space between the electrolyte liquid layer in the hearth of the molten pool of the aluminum electrolytic cell and the horizontal smoke cover plate of the aluminum electrolytic cell. The heat dissipation modes mainly include the following modes: the disordered heat dissipation of the electrolysis heat smoke at the blanking fire hole and the heat dissipation of the heat preservation layer at the upper part of the anode carbon block are realized; thirdly, heat loss brought away by the anode scrap carbon blocks and covering material crusting in the process of changing the anode; and fourthly, heat loss and the like brought away by the heat conduction of the electrolyte liquid layer. The total energy consumption of heat dissipation is reduced to the energy consumption of each ton of aluminum liquid, which is equivalent to about 3000kwh of electricity consumption wasted by each ton of aluminum.

China is a big electrolytic aluminum production country, the output of the electrolytic aluminum production country is about 4000 ten thousand tons, and the comprehensive direct current power consumption of the produced aluminum ingot is calculated to be about 13500 kwh. The energy consumption of heat loss of electrolysis is about 6800kwh, wherein 50% of the energy consumption of heat loss comes from the heat loss of the pole changing operation space between the cathode molten pool tank shell of the aluminum electrolysis cell and the horizontal fume hood plate of the aluminum electrolysis cell structure, namely the heat lost by the heat balance between the upper part of the electrolyte liquid layer of the aluminum electrolysis cell and the anode carbon block, and if the electrolysis waste heat is recycled, huge economic benefits of energy conservation, emission reduction and carbon reduction can be generated.

However, so far, in the electrolytic aluminum industry, a set of mature and feasible technology for recycling the heat dissipation energy of the anode carbon block pole-changing and heat-preserving operation space between the cathode molten pool tank shell of the aluminum electrolytic tank and the horizontal fume hood plate of the aluminum electrolytic tank structure does not exist. Therefore, a great deal of heat dissipation energy is wasted in the production process of the electrolytic aluminum. The main reasons for this are as follows:

firstly, in the existing aluminum cell structure configuration, in the whole through pole-changing heat-insulating operation space, the thermal energy generated by electrolyte liquid and anode carbon blocks in the molten pool of the aluminum cell is not matched with the heat dissipation utilization device after the heat balance condition of the aluminum electrolysis production process is met, and the heat dissipation utilization device is randomly and freely discharged.

Secondly, in the anode operation space of the existing aluminum electrolytic cell, the heat dissipation and heat conduction modes thereof are mutually interfered, and the anode operation space is not only influenced by the technical condition change of a heat balance area, namely the interference of the air displacement change of a fire hole at a feed opening, but also influenced by the interference of an electrode changing operation mode; the heat dissipation of the aluminum electrolytic cell is always in a relatively disordered state, and the temperature for heat discharge and heat recovery from the inside to the outside of the electrolytic cell is lower and the waste heat utilization efficiency of the aluminum electrolytic cell is lower due to the fact that the thickness of the integral covering material layer on the upper part of the anode carbon block is larger and the heat dissipation area is larger. Therefore, the utilization of the electrolysis waste heat of the aluminum electrolysis cell and the development of the device are still in a technical development stage.

The invention content is as follows: in order to improve the electric energy utilization efficiency of the aluminum electrolysis cell, reduce the energy consumption loss of heat dissipation of the aluminum electrolysis cell and reduce the energy consumption cost of electrolytic aluminum, the structural design idea of the waste heat boiler type aluminum electrolysis cell is to innovatively improve the anode carbon block operation space structure between the upper part of the furnace shell of the molten pool furnace tank of the aluminum electrolysis cell and the horizontal smoke cover plate and the aluminum electrolysis process according to the structural design principle of the waste heat boiler on the basis that the cathode molten pool furnace tank structure and the anode carbon block steel claw group conducting structure of the existing aluminum electrolysis cell are basically unchanged. The upper anode section of the aluminum electrolytic cell is of a waste heat boiler structure, and the lower cathode chamber of the aluminum electrolytic cell is of an aluminum electrolytic bath structure.

According to the technical route, the waste heat boiler type aluminum electrolytic cell structure is characterized in that: along the length direction of the aluminum electrolytic cell, a flue vertical baffle (3), a partition steel clapboard (4), an outer side heat preservation furnace wall (5) and an upper horizontal heat preservation cover plate (6) are used for partitioning and constructing a plurality of relatively independent carbon block operation spaces which are communicated with the whole space between a horizontal smoke cover plate (8) at the upper part of a cathode molten pool hearth of the existing aluminum electrolytic cell and a molten pool hearth (13) of the electrolytic cell, can contain a plurality of anode carbon blocks (2) and are relatively small in the space of an anode heat preservation operation partition bin (1).

According to the technical scheme, the structure of the waste heat boiler type aluminum electrolytic cell is characterized in that: in the electrolytic aluminum production process, an anode carbon block steel claw group consisting of an anode carbon block (2), an anode steel claw (10) and an aluminum guide rod (9) can move linearly up and down under the restraint of an anode operation partition bin (1) inner wall, namely an inner side flue vertical baffle plate (3), a partition steel partition plate (4) and an outer side heat preservation furnace wall (5), under the drive of an anode large bus (7); and the bottom of the anode carbon block (2) is inserted into the electrolyte layer (11) to participate in the thermoelectric chemical reaction of the electrolytic aluminum.

According to the innovative technical scheme, the waste heat boiler type aluminum electrolytic cell structure is characterized in that: after the anode operation space of the aluminum electrolysis cell is divided into a plurality of relatively small anode operation separation bins (1), in order to ensure the realization of the heat dissipation and the smoke discharging and dust removing functions of the electrolysis smoke in the hearth of the molten pool of the aluminum electrolysis cell and improve the waste heat utilization efficiency, the smoke discharging and dust removing system device of the aluminum electrolysis cell body is formed by a built-in middle flue (17), a negative pressure air output pipeline (18), a middle seam fire pressing wall (19) and other parts.

According to the technical scheme, the waste heat boiler type aluminum electrolytic cell structure is characterized in that: the built-in middle flue (17) of the aluminum cell is a channel for discharging flue gas generated by an electrolyte liquid layer in the electrolytic process in a hearth of a molten pool of the aluminum cell to the outside of the aluminum cell in a scattering and overflowing manner. The built-in middle flue (17) is composed of two flue vertical baffles (3) welded at the lower part of a horizontal flue cover plate (8). The upper parts of the two flue vertical baffles (3) are connected with a horizontal flue cover plate (8) by welding pieces, and the outer sides of the two flue vertical baffles are connected with the partition steel partition plates (4) by welding; the cross section of the groove is in a next open rectangular groove space structure. According to the technical scheme, the waste heat boiler type aluminum electrolytic cell structure is characterized in that: a negative pressure air output pipeline (18) is arranged at the upper part of the built-in middle flue (17); the negative pressure air output pipe (18) is connected with a smoke and dust removing pipeline (18) outside the aluminum electrolysis cell or a pipeline of a steam-water heat exchanger (34) on the waste heat utilization system device (20). In order to adjust and control the temperature and flow of heat loss of electrolysis flue gas in an electrolysis bath hearth (12) of the aluminum electrolysis cell and adjust the heat balance of a process system in the aluminum electrolysis cell, a metering control device such as a flow control valve (21) and a temperature sensor (22) is arranged on a negative pressure air output pipeline (18).

According to the technical scheme: a waste heat boiler type aluminum electrolytic cell structure is characterized in that: a middle seam fire pressing wall (19) is arranged at the lower opening position in the middle of the two flue vertical baffles (3) of the built-in middle flue (17) of the aluminum electrolytic cell. The middle seam fire wall (19) is used for replacing a covering material crust layer at the upper part of an electrolyte liquid layer (11) at the middle seam of two opposite-top anode carbon blocks (2) in the original aluminum electrolytic cell. Therefore, the maintenance workload of the 'fire hole' at the covering material knot shell of the aluminum electrolytic cell can be reduced, the phenomena of hammer head long package and feed hole fire hole blockage are avoided, and the production raw material aluminum oxide powder of electrolytic aluminum can be completely added into the electrolyte liquid layer (11) according to set technical parameters so as to meet the requirement of material balance of the aluminum electrolysis chemical reaction. And the purposes of inhibiting or adjusting the discharge amount of flue gas heat loss of an electrolyte liquid layer (11) in an electrolytic bath (12) and adjusting and controlling the thermal balance of an electrolyte liquid layer thermal-electrochemical system in the aluminum electrolytic bath furnace wall (19) by using the height-adjustable middle seam fire pressing wall (19) can be realized.

According to the technical scheme, the waste heat boiler type aluminum electrolytic cell structure is characterized in that: in order to improve the waste heat utilization efficiency of the aluminum electrolytic cell, a heat conduction pipeline (33) is arranged on the flue vertical baffle (3) and the partition steel partition plate (4). In the production process of the aluminum electrolytic cell, the metal material structural parts can be utilized, the aluminum electrolytic cell has the characteristic of high heat conductivity, and the heat loss energy of electrolysis in the aluminum electrolytic cell is conducted and output to a waste heat utilization device of the aluminum electrolytic cell through liquid and vapor heat conduction conveying media filled in the heat conduction pipeline, so that the high-efficiency waste heat utilization is carried out. The section of the heat conducting pipeline (33) is rectangular or circular; the heat-conducting conveying medium in the heat-conducting pipeline (33) is water or water vapor. A plurality of heat conducting pipeline (33) system devices can be arranged on one aluminum electrolytic cell. The heat conducting pipeline (33) devices on a plurality of aluminum electrolysis cells can also be connected in series or in parallel to be integrally configured.

According to the technical scheme, the waste heat boiler type aluminum electrolytic cell structure is characterized in that: a flow control valve, a thermometer or a pressure gauge are arranged on a heat conducting pipeline (33) arranged outside the electrolytic cell, so that the amount of waste heat energy output by a heat conducting medium in the heat conducting pipeline (33) can be adjusted and controlled according to the requirement of the internal heat balance technical condition of the aluminum electrolytic cell.

According to the technical scheme, the waste heat boiler type aluminum electrolytic cell structure is characterized in that: the aluminum cell waste heat utilization system device (20) is provided with two aluminum cell waste heat energy utilization system sources. One is heat energy which is generated by an electrolyte liquid layer in a hearth of a molten pool of the aluminum electrolytic cell and is released and overflowed by aluminum electrolytic flue gas absorbed and output by a built-in middle flue (17) and a negative pressure air output pipeline (18), and the other is heat energy which is absorbed and output by heat conducting medium water or vapor from a steel partition plate (4) and a metal heat conducting device of a side flue vertical baffle plate (3) in an anode operation compartment (1) of the aluminum electrolytic cell and a heat conducting pipeline (33).

According to the technical scheme, when the aluminum cell waste heat utilization system device is designed, heat energy dissipated from smoke heat generated by a non-electrolyte liquid layer in an aluminum cell and a heat-conducting medium from a metal heat-conducting material part of an anode operation separation bin (1) in the aluminum cell contain water or water vapor with certain heat energy, and secondary heating and pressurizing treatment is carried out in a smoke water heat exchanger (34) of the aluminum cell waste heat utilization device (20). Thereby obtaining the thermodynamic energy with higher temperature and higher heat value pressure and carrying out high-efficiency waste heat utilization. Or the temperature of the heat dissipation flue gas in the electrolytic bath is reduced and the flue gas is conveyed to a flue gas purification system device of the aluminum electrolytic bath for flue gas purification treatment. After the heat energy from the heat loss of the electrolysis flue gas in the aluminum electrolysis molten bath is absorbed and transmitted to the steam-water heat exchanger (34) by the built-in middle flue (17) and the negative pressure air output pipeline (18), the heat conducting medium in the steam-water heat exchanger (34) and in the heat conducting pipeline (33) can be subjected to secondary balanced heating, so that the heat energy with higher pressure level and heat value temperature can be obtained, and the high-efficiency waste heat utilization can be carried out.

In the production process of electrolytic aluminum, the novel aluminum electrolytic cell structure has the following technical advantages:

in the production process of electrolytic aluminum, a flue vertical baffle (3) and a partition steel baffle (4) of an anode operation partition bin (1), an outer side heat preservation furnace wall (5) and an upper horizontal heat preservation cover plate (6) are additionally arranged, so that the guide function of limiting the anode carbon block (2) to move up and down is realized; but also has the functions of blocking and limiting heat loss energy generated by the electrolyte liquid layer (11) and the anode carbon blocks (2) and performing disordered diffusion and unorganized discharge outside the aluminum electrolytic cell. Each relatively independent anode operation separation bin (1) can be regarded as a relatively independent closed anode heat preservation and insulation space. A plurality of relatively small anode heat-preservation operation separation bins (1) are used for replacing the existing integral through type anode heat-preservation operation interval. Its main benefit is: firstly, the conduction of hot air flow in the aluminum electrolytic cell can be limited, the heat loss and mutual interference of the aluminum electrolytic cell in the pole changing process are reduced, and the stability of the heat balance of the aluminum electrolytic cell is facilitated. Secondly, the characteristic of high heat conductivity of metal materials can be utilized, and the heat energy of the aluminum electrolytic cell can be efficiently absorbed and conducted for waste heat utilization.

Description of the drawings: the structure of the waste heat boiler type aluminum electrolysis cell and the characteristics of the electrolytic aluminum production process are clearer through the drawings and the description of the specific embodiment mode.

FIG. 1: is a partial front view of a waste heat boiler type aluminum electrolytic cell structure.

FIG. 2: is a top view of fig. 1.

FIG. 3: is a side view of fig. 1.

FIG. 4: is a front view of the outer side heat preservation furnace wall (5) of the waste heat boiler type aluminum electrolytic cell structure.

FIG. 5: is a side view of fig. 4.

FIG. 6: is a front view of an upper heat-insulating cover plate (6) of a waste heat boiler type aluminum electrolytic cell structure.

FIG. 7: is a side view of fig. 6.

FIG. 8: the invention discloses a configuration schematic diagram of a heat conducting pipeline and a flue gas discharge pipeline of a waste heat boiler type aluminum electrolytic cell structure.

FIG. 9: is a side view of fig. 8.

FIG. 10: are schematic views of partial structures of embodiments 2, 3 and 4 of the present invention.

FIG. 11: is a side view of fig. 10.

FIG. 12: is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the partition bin type pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell.

FIG. 13: is a side view of fig. 12.

FIG. 14: the invention relates to a pipeline configuration diagram of a system device of a heat conduction pipeline (33) with a waste heat boiler type aluminum electrolytic cell structure.

The figures show that: an anode operation separation bin (1), an anode carbon block (2), an inner side flue vertical baffle plate (3), a partition steel clapboard (4), an outer side heat preservation furnace wall (5), an upper heat preservation cover plate (6), an anode large bus (7), a horizontal smoke cover plate (8), an aluminum guide rod (9), an anode steel claw (10), an electrolyte liquid layer (11), an electrolysis molten pool furnace chamber (12), a tank shell (13), a shaping heat preservation brick layer (14), a furnace door locking device (15), a horizontal insulation connecting piece (16), a built-in middle flue (17), a negative pressure air output pipeline (18), a middle seam fire pressing wall (19), a waste heat utilization system device (20), a flow control valve (21), a thermometer (22), a steel shell sleeve (23), a shaping refractory brick bottom block (24), a lifting connecting rod (25), a lifting driving device (26), an upper support truss (27), a flue gas discharge overflow hole (28), The device comprises an aluminum oxide feeding hole (29), an aluminum oxide constant-volume feeder (30), a dredging device (31), a horizontal maintenance cover plate (32), a heat conducting pipeline (33), a flue gas water heat exchanger (34), a smoke discharging and dust removing system pipeline (35), a flue gas purification system device (36), an aluminum oxide material guiding pipe (37), a small box fixture (38), an aluminum liquid layer (39), a cathode carbon block steel bar group (40) and a heat conducting pipeline loop (41).

The specific implementation mode is as follows: the technical features of the specific structure of the present invention can be seen from the following examples.

In the embodiment 1, the structural characteristics of the anode operation separation bin (2) are mainly expressed as follows: as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3. On the basis of the unchanged structure of the electrolytic bath hearth (12) of the existing aluminum electrolytic cell, an anode heat-insulating operation interval between the horizontal smoke cover plate (8) of the existing aluminum electrolytic cell and the shell (13) of the electrolytic bath hearth (12) of the existing aluminum electrolytic cell is divided into a plurality of relatively small anode operation divided bins (1) capable of accommodating a plurality of anode carbon blocks for operation by a plurality of inner side flue vertical baffles (3), divided steel partition plates (4), outer side heat-insulating furnace walls (5) and horizontal heat-insulating cover plates (6). As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3.

The anode heat-preservation operation separation bin (1) has the following specific structural characteristics: along the central line of the length direction of the anode large bus (7) on the A surface and the B surface of the aluminum electrolytic cell, two inner side flue vertical baffles (3) which are bilaterally symmetrical are respectively welded on the bottom of the horizontal fume shield plate (8) of the aluminum electrolytic cell to be used as two built-in middle flues (17) of the aluminum electrolytic cell. A plurality of partition steel partition plates (4) are welded on the outer side of an inner side flue vertical baffle plate (3) on the side surface of an internal middle flue (17), and two long anode operation sections on two large side surfaces of an aluminum electrolysis cell are respectively constructed into a plurality of anode operation partition bins which can contain a plurality of anode carbon blocks and are relatively small. Then, a heat insulation partition wall (5) at the outer end part of the upper anode carbon block (2) is arranged outside two partition steel partition plates (4) adjacent to each other at the left and the right of each anode operation partition bin; a horizontal heat-insulating cover plate (6) used for insulating the upper part of the anode carbon block is arranged between the upper horizontal fume shield plate (8) of the partition bin (1) and the heat-insulating partition wall (5) at the outer end part. The bottom of the side flue vertical baffle plate (3) and the partition steel clapboard (4) is higher than the height of an electrolyte layer in a molten pool of the aluminum electrolytic cell or the height of the upper surface of a shell of the aluminum electrolytic cell. So as to prevent the fluoride electrolyte solution from corroding the side flue vertical baffle plate (3) and the partition steel clapboard (4).

In the aluminum electrolytic cell, a steel structural member flue vertical baffle (3) and a partition steel clapboard (4) are adopted, and the purpose of welding and constructing the anode operation partition bin (1) is to limit the mutual flowing of hot air in the aluminum electrolytic cell and carry out high-efficiency ordered output on heat dissipation in the electrolytic cell to the outside of the electrolytic cell. The absorption and output can be carried out to the outside of the electrolytic cell through the flue vertical baffle (3), the partition steel clapboard (4) and the heat-conducting medium transmission pipeline (33).

The side heat preservation furnace wall (5) arranged at the outer side part of the anode operation separation bin (1) is made of a steel shell (5-1) and a heat preservation and insulation refractory material (5-2) in a combined structure as shown in figure 4 and figure 5. The heat-insulating refractory material (5-2) can be made of inorganic heat-insulating refractory materials such as heat-insulating bricks, calcium silicate boards, rock wool fiber boards and the like; a hanging cross beam (5-3) and a hoisting hanging ring (5-4) are arranged on the upper part of the side heat-preserving furnace wall (5), and a locking device (5-5) is arranged outside the side heat-preserving furnace wall (5). When in use, the ends of the hanging beams (5-3) are hung and attached to the partition steel clapboards (4) at the two sides. And the side heat preservation furnace wall (5) is tightly pressed at the end part of the partition steel clapboard (4) by a locking device (5-5).

A horizontal heat-preservation cover plate (6) arranged at the upper part of the anode operation separation bin (1) is formed by combining a steel shell (6-1) and heat-insulation filling materials (6-2) as shown in figure 6 and figure 7; the heat insulation filling material (6-2) can be made of light heat insulation bricks, calcium silicate boards, rock wool fiber boards and other materials.

As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, in order to prevent the anode current of the aluminum electrolytic cell structure, a short circuit is introduced into the cathode structure, and the bottom of the steel partition plate (4) is partitioned by the partition bin (1) in the upper part of the aluminum electrolytic cell. And a horizontal insulating connecting piece (16) is arranged between the cell shell (13) of the lower melting pool structure of the aluminum electrolytic cell and the horizontal edge plate.

After the integrally-communicated anode heat-insulating operation space is divided into a plurality of anode heat-insulating operation separation bins (1) with smaller space structures at the upper part of the conventional aluminum electrolytic cell, the aluminum electrolytic cell pole-changing operation process can be carried out according to the following procedures.

Step 1: when the anode scrap in a certain anode operation compartment (1) on the aluminum electrolytic cell needs to be replaced, firstly, a horizontal heat-insulating cover plate (6) at the upper part of the anode heat-insulating operation compartment (1) is taken out; is placed on another adjacent anode heat-preservation operation separation bin (1). Then, the locking device of the side heat-preserving furnace wall (5) is loosened, and the side heat-preserving furnace wall (5) is hung and moved aside by a crown block.

And a step 2: after a small box clamp of an aluminum guide rod (9) at the upper part of the residual anode carbon block steel claw group is loosened by a multifunctional crown block, the residual anode carbon block steel claw group and a shaping heat-insulating covering layer (14) constructed at the upper part of the residual anode carbon block (2) are taken out from an aluminum electrolytic bath and placed on a residual anode replacement platform temporarily.

And 3, moving the shaped heat-insulating layer (14) at the upper part of the anode scrap carbon block (2) to the upper part of the steel claw group of the new anode carbon block (2) by using a multifunctional crown block, adjusting and fixing, and forming the shaped heat-insulating layer at the upper part of the new anode carbon block (2).

Step 4; and (3) hoisting the steel claw group of the new anode carbon block (2) to the anode heat-preservation operation separation bin (1) at the original anode scrap position by using a multifunctional crown block, and inserting the bottom palm of the anode carbon block (2) into the set depth of the electrolyte liquid layer (11). And then, fixing the aluminum guide rod (9) and the anode carbon block steel claw group on the anode bus bar (7) by using a small box clamp.

Step 5: a multifunctional crown block is used for hoisting and moving a side heat-insulating furnace wall (5) to the side of the anode operation separation bin (1), and a locking device (15) is used for fixing the side heat-insulating furnace wall at the end part of the anode carbon block (2); then, a horizontal heat-insulating cover plate (6) is placed on the upper part of the anode heat-insulating operation separation bin (1) and forms horizontal cross-penetrating type sealing clearance fit with an aluminum guide rod (9).

After the pole changing operation procedure is completed, the working condition state of the anode carbon block (2) in the anode heat insulation operation separation bin (1) is as follows: the outer end surface of the anode carbon block (2) is attached to the inner side wall of the steel shell of the outer side heat-insulating furnace wall (5), one side surface of part of the anode carbon block (2) is attached to the side wall of the partition vertical partition plate (4), and the inner end surface of the anode carbon block (2) is attached to the side wall of the flue vertical baffle plate (3); a shaping insulating layer (14) is arranged at the upper part of the anode carbon block (2), and a horizontal fume hood plate (8) and a horizontal insulating cover plate (6) are arranged at the upper part of the shaping insulating layer (14); the bottom of the anode carbon block (2) participates in the thermoelectric chemical reaction in the electrolyte liquid layer (11). The four side surfaces of the anode carbon block (2) are in sliding clearance fit with the joint gaps between the side plate walls of the anode operation separation bin (1), and the anode carbon block (2) can move up and down under the drive of the anode large bus (7).

After an integral anode operation heat preservation operation space of the existing aluminum electrolytic cell structure is transformed into a plurality of anode heat preservation operation separation bins (1) which are relatively independently sealed, a horizontal heat preservation cover plate (6) and a shaping heat preservation layer (14) are adopted to preserve heat at the upper part of an anode carbon block (2); as for the heat preservation and anode replacement operation of the anode carbon block (2), the following optimized technical effects can be achieved:

firstly, the loose covering material of the aluminum cell anode carbon block (2) can be eliminated, the maintenance workload of the electrolyte shell surface at the edge of the aluminum cell is reduced, the heat insulation effect of the aluminum anode carbon block (2) is improved, and the electric conductivity of the green anode carbon block (2) is improved; secondly, the operation of opening side seams and the operation of fishing slag blocks are not needed during the pole changing operation, the heat loss of the aluminum electrolytic cell and the anode carbon block (2) is reduced, and the overall heat balance technical condition of the aluminum electrolytic cell is optimized; thirdly, the peripheral matching processes of electrolytic production such as anode scrap cleaning, covering material crusting and crushing and the like in the electrolytic aluminum production process system and the configuration of related technical equipment can be cancelled or reduced, and the production cost of electrolytic aluminum is greatly reduced.

Example 2, this example mainly describes the general structural features of the aluminum electrolysis cell smoke evacuation and dust removal system apparatus: on the structure of the existing aluminum electrolysis cell, after an upper anode heat preservation operation separation bin (1) is additionally arranged, the improved structure innovation can be carried out on the smoke discharging and dust removing system device of the original aluminum electrolysis cell, and the smoke discharging and dust removing system device after the innovation is mainly constructed by a built-in middle flue (17), a negative pressure air output pipeline (18), a middle seam fire pressing wall (19) and other parts. And fig. 10 and 11. The suction inlet of the negative pressure air output pipeline (18) is connected with the built-in middle flue (17), and the air outlet of the negative pressure air output pipeline (18) is connected with the pipeline of the steam-water heat exchanger (34) of the waste heat utilization system device (20). As shown in fig. 8, fig. 9, fig. 12 and fig. 13, a flow control valve (21), a remote flow control valve (22) and a temperature sensor equivalent device are arranged on the negative pressure wind output pipeline (18) so as to automatically adjust and control the temperature and the flow of the heat dissipation of the flue gas in the hearth (12) of the electrolytic bath of the aluminum electrolysis cell and adjust the heat balance of the aluminum electrolysis production process system.

Embodiment 3, this embodiment mainly describes the structural features of the built-in intermediate flue (17) of the aluminum electrolytic cell: as shown in figures 3, 11 and 13, a space position between the bottom (8) of the horizontal fume shield plate and the vertical baffle plate (3) of the two inner side flues along the length direction of the aluminum electrolytic cell is a built-in smoke-discharging and dust-removing negative pressure channel of the aluminum electrolytic cell, which is called a built-in middle flue (17) for short. The built-in middle flue (17) is formed by combining two flue vertical baffles (3) which are vertical to the horizontal flue cover plate (8) downwards. The upper parts of the two flue vertical baffles (3) are structurally connected with a horizontal flue cover plate (8), and the outer sides of the two flue vertical baffles are structurally connected with a partition steel partition plate (4); a discharge channel with the cross section in the shape of a rectangular groove with a lower opening is formed and used as the interior of the aluminum electrolytic cell, and the electrolyte liquid layer (11) dissipates heat outwards and overflows. The upper part of the built-in middle flue (17) is connected with a negative pressure air output pipeline (18), and hot flue gas and dust in the molten pool of the aluminum electrolytic cell are absorbed and input into a pipeline of a flue gas purification system device or a heat exchanger (34) of an aluminum electrolytic cell waste heat utilization system device (20) by using negative pressure air generated by a draught fan during working.

Example 4, this example mainly describes the structural features of the aluminum cell center seam fire wall (19): as shown in the figures 3, 11, 12 and 13, a middle seam fire suppression wall (19) is arranged at the lower part of the built-in middle flue (17) and at the upper part of the electrolyte liquid (11) layer in the melting bath hearth of the aluminum electrolytic cell. The middle seam fire pressing wall (19) can be divided into a plurality of sections and is arranged on the structure of the aluminum electrolytic cell. An alumina feed channel (29) may be provided at the junction of the intermediate-seam-pressure-fire wall (19).

Because the working condition environment of the middle seam fire pressing wall (19) is a high-temperature area at the upper part of an electrolyte liquid layer (11) in a molten pool (19) of the aluminum electrolytic cell, the middle seam fire pressing wall (19) is formed by combining a steel shell sleeve (24) and a shaped refractory brick bottom block (25); the steel shell sleeve (24) is made of heat-resistant steel plates, and the shaped refractory brick bottom block (25) at the inner bottom is made of graphite materials which are resistant to high temperature, oxidation and electrolyte corrosion, or silicon nitride combined carbon and other refractory materials.

Because the centre joint is pressed fire wall (19) and is located the work of high temperature region, the probability that probably takes place to burn out is higher, in order to facilitate the change maintenance, can press on horizontal fume hood plate (8) of fire wall (19) left and right two flue vertical baffles (3) at the centre joint, set up horizontal access cover board (33), on horizontal fume hood plate (8) under its horizontal access cover board (33) with bolted connection fixed mounting. When the middle seam fire pressing wall (19) needs to be overhauled or installed, the bolts between the horizontal overhauling cover plate () and the horizontal smoke hood plate can be disassembled, and the opened space of the horizontal overhauling cover plate () can be used as an assembling and installing channel of the middle seam fire pressing wall (19). After the middle seam fire pressing wall (20) is overhauled and installed, the horizontal overhauling cover plate (32) is fastened on the horizontal fume hood plate (8) of the aluminum electrolytic cell by bolts.

The upper part of the middle seam fire pressing wall (19) is provided with a lifting connecting rod (26) and a lifting driving device (27), and the lifting driving device (27) is arranged on a supporting truss (28) at the upper part of the aluminum electrolytic cell. The rotary lifting driving device (27) can drive the middle seam fire pressing wall (19) through the lifting connecting pull rod (26), and the middle seam fire pressing wall moves up and down linearly under the constraint of the flue vertical baffle plates (3) at two sides of the inner middle flue (17), so that the height distance between the lower bottom surface of the middle seam fire pressing wall (19) and the upper surface of the electrolyte liquid layer (11) can be adjusted up and down.

And a flue gas discharge overflow hole (29) of the electrolyte liquid layer (11) is arranged on the middle seam fire pressing wall (19). The flue gas discharge overflow hole (29) and the gap between the middle seam fire pressing wall (19) and the two flue vertical baffles (3) are channels for electrolyzing heat dissipation flue gas of the electrolyte liquid layer (11) to overflow outwards and discharge the flue gas to be input into the upper negative pressure air output pipeline (18).

An alumina feeding hole (30) for inputting and discharging alumina powder to an electrolyte liquid layer (11) is arranged on the middle seam fire pressing wall (19), and the upper part of the alumina feeding hole (30) is connected with a discharging pipe hole of an alumina constant volume feeder (31).

In order to prevent the fluctuation of the electrolyte layer (11) and the sprayed electrolyte from blocking the alumina feeding hole (30), a dredging device (32) of the alumina feeding hole (30) can be arranged on the structure of the aluminum electrolytic cell. The dredging device can be configured by adopting the crust breaking cylinder device on the prior aluminum electrolytic cell.

The lifting driving device (27) is arranged above the middle seam fire pressing wall, as shown in fig. 10 and fig. 11, the lifting driving device (27) can enable the height distance between the lower bottom palm of the middle seam fire pressing wall (19) and the upper surface of the electrolyte liquid layer (11) to be adjusted at any time according to the change of the horizontal heights of the aluminum liquid layer and the electrolyte liquid layer (11) in the electrolytic bath (12). Thus, the seam-pressing fire wall (19) can be always kept at a relatively optimal height. When the requirement of stable heat balance process of the aluminum electrolytic cell is met, the shaped refractory brick material at the bottom of the middle seam fire pressing wall (19) can be prevented from being eroded and burned by electrolyte.

In the embodiment 5, the structural characteristics of the heat conducting pipeline (33) of the aluminum electrolytic cell structure are mainly described, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 11, and fig. 13, in order to obtain the heat dissipation energy in the aluminum electrolytic cell and utilize the waste heat, the heat conducting pipeline (33) is arranged on the flue vertical baffle (3) and the partition steel partition (4), and the heat conducting fluid in the heat conducting pipeline (33) is used for conducting and inputting the metal plate components such as the flue vertical baffle (3) and the partition steel partition (4) and the absorbed heat energy dissipated in the aluminum electrolytic cell into the aluminum electrolytic cell waste heat utilization device (20) through a pump station or an induced draft fan and the like in the production process of the electrolytic aluminum to utilize the waste heat. The purpose of arranging the flue vertical baffle (3), the partition steel partition plate and the heat conducting pipeline (33) on the aluminum electrolytic cell is to directly heat liquid or gaseous heat conducting media such as water, water vapor or hot air in the electrolytic cell by using the excellent performance of metal materials and arranging large-area heat conductors such as metal plates with high heat conductivity in the aluminum electrolytic cell to radiate heat energy for maintaining the balance of electrolytic heat. And then the waste water is recycled.

The heat conducting pipeline (33) is arranged on the flue vertical baffle (3) of the aluminum electrolytic cell anode heat preservation operation separation bin (1) and the partition steel partition plate (4), and the section of the heat conducting pipeline is rectangular or circular; is usually made of steel tubes for boilers; when the overall design is carried out, the structure of the aluminum electrolysis cell can be designed as a waste heat utilization boiler pipeline system.

The fluid heat-conducting medium in the heat-conducting pipeline can be water, water vapor, or nitrogen, hot air and the like; a plurality of heat conduction pipeline system devices can be configured on one aluminum electrolytic cell and are configured in an integrated design mode. The heat conducting pipelines (33) on several aluminum electrolysis cells can also be connected in series and then are intensively input into a waste heat utilization system of the aluminum electrolysis cells. Thereby obtaining heat energy with higher heat value and pressure grade to carry out high-efficiency waste heat utilization; thereby solving the problem of low waste heat efficiency of the existing aluminum electrolytic cell.

As shown in fig. 8 and 9, when designing the device of the waste heat utilization system of the aluminum electrolytic cell, the heat energy from the flue gas heat dissipation system in the bath hearth (12) of the electrolytic cell and the heat energy of the liquid or gaseous heat transfer medium system in the heat transfer pipeline can be secondarily heated and pressurized in the flue gas water heat exchanger (34) of the waste heat utilization device (20) of the aluminum electrolytic cell, so that a power heat source with higher heat value and pressure can be obtained, and the waste heat utilization with high efficiency can be carried out. Meanwhile, the heat dissipation flue gas with higher temperature in the electrolytic cell can be cooled by a flue gas water heat exchanger (34) so as to be conveyed to a flue gas purification system device (36) of the aluminum electrolytic cell for flue gas purification treatment.

Example 6, this example mainly describes the configuration characteristics of the aluminum electrolysis cell waste heat utilization system device, as shown in fig. 8, 9, 11, 13 and 14, the structure of the waste heat boiler type aluminum reduction cell of the invention, the heat energy of the waste heat utilization system device of the aluminum electrolysis cell is two sources, one is generated by an electrolyte liquid layer in a furnace chamber of a molten pool of the aluminum electrolysis cell, the heat energy dissipated by flue gas heat in the thermoelectric chemical reaction process of the aluminum electrolysis electrolyte liquid layer (11) absorbed and output by the negative pressure air output pipeline (18) is heat conduction components made of heat conduction metal materials, such as a flue vertical baffle plate (3), a partition steel baffle plate (4), a heat conduction pipeline (33) and the like from the inner side of the aluminum electrolysis cell anode operation partition bin (1), the heat energy which is output and is sourced from the anode operation separation bin (1) of the aluminum electrolytic cell is absorbed by the liquid or vapor heat-conducting medium.

Claims (10)

1. A waste heat boiler type aluminum electrolytic cell structure is characterized in that: in the length direction of the aluminum electrolytic cell, an inner side flue vertical baffle (3) and a partition isolation steel plate (4) are used for partitioning and constructing a plurality of relatively independent anode operation partition bins (1) which can contain a plurality of anode carbon blocks (2) and are relatively small; the smoke-discharging and dust-removing system device of the aluminum electrolytic cell body structure is formed by configuring and constructing a built-in middle flue (17), a negative pressure air output pipeline (18) and a middle seam fire pressing wall (19), wherein the negative pressure air output pipeline (18) is connected with a waste heat utilization system device (20) outside the aluminum electrolytic cell; a heat conducting pipeline (33) is arranged on a flue vertical baffle (3) and a partition steel clapboard (4) of a steel structure component for constructing an anode operation partition bin (1); the heat conducting pipeline (33) is connected with a waste heat utilization system device (20) of the aluminum electrolysis cell.

2. The exhaust-heat boiler type aluminum reduction cell structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: in order to limit the disordered discharge of hot air flow and fluoride salt gas in the aluminum electrolytic cell to the outside of the electrolytic cell, a side heat-preserving furnace wall (5) is arranged at the outer side part of the anode operation separation bin (1), and the side heat-preserving furnace wall (5) is formed by combining a steel shell (5-1) and a fireproof heat-preserving and insulating material (5-2); an upper heat-insulating cover plate is arranged at the upper part of the anode heat-insulating operation separation bin (1), and the heat-insulating cover plate is made by adopting a steel shell (6-1) and a fireproof heat-insulating material (6-2) in a combined structure.

3. The exhaust-heat boiler type aluminum reduction cell structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: in order to improve the waste heat utilization efficiency of the aluminum electrolytic cell, heat conducting pipelines (33) are arranged on the inner flue vertical baffle (3) and the partition steel partition plate (4); the heat-conducting conveying medium in the heat-conducting pipeline (33) is water or water vapor; the heat conducting pipeline (33) is connected with a flue gas water heat exchanger (34) connected with a waste heat utilization system device (20) of the aluminum electrolysis cell.

4. The exhaust-heat boiler type aluminum reduction cell structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the built-in middle flue (17) is formed by combining two flue vertical baffles (3) and welding the lower parts of the horizontal flue cover plates (8); the cross section of the flue is in a next open rectangular groove space structure, and a negative pressure air output pipeline (18) is arranged at the upper part of the built-in middle flue (17); the negative pressure air output pipe (18) is connected with a smoke and dust removal pipeline (18) outside the aluminum electrolysis cell or a smoke and water heat exchanger (34) on a waste heat utilization system device (20); a flow control valve (21), a temperature sensor (22) and a metering control device are arranged on the negative pressure air output pipeline (18).

5. The exhaust-heat boiler type aluminum reduction cell structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: a middle seam fire pressing wall (19) is arranged at the lower opening position in the middle of the two flue vertical baffles (3) of the built-in middle flue (17) of the aluminum electrolytic cell; the seam fire-pressing wall (19) can be adjusted up and down according to the height change of an electrolyte liquid layer in the aluminum electrolytic cell.

6. The exhaust-heat boiler type aluminum reduction cell structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: in order to improve the waste heat utilization efficiency of the aluminum electrolytic cell, heat conducting pipelines (33) are arranged on the flue vertical baffle (3) and the partition steel partition plate (4); the section of the heat conducting pipeline (33) is rectangular or circular; the heat-conducting conveying medium in the heat-conducting pipeline (33) is water or water vapor; a flow control valve, a thermometer or a pressure gauge are arranged on a heat conduction pipeline (33) arranged outside the electrolytic cell so as to adjust and control the waste heat energy output by the heat conduction medium in the heat conduction pipeline (33) according to the requirement of the internal heat balance technical condition of the aluminum electrolytic cell.

7. The exhaust-heat boiler type aluminum reduction cell structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the waste heat utilization system device (20) of the aluminum electrolysis cell is provided with two aluminum electrolysis cell waste heat energy utilization system sources; one is heat energy which is generated by an electrolyte liquid layer in a hearth of a molten pool of the aluminum electrolytic cell and is released and overflowed by aluminum electrolytic flue gas absorbed and output by a built-in middle flue (17) and a negative pressure air output pipeline (18), and the other is heat energy which is absorbed and output by heat conducting medium water or vapor from a steel partition plate (4) and a metal heat conducting device of a side flue vertical baffle plate (3) in an anode operation compartment (1) of the aluminum electrolytic cell and a heat conducting pipeline (33).

8. The exhaust-heat boiler type aluminum reduction cell structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the aluminum cell waste heat utilization system device is designed, the heat energy dissipated from the flue gas heat generated by the non-electrolyte liquid layer in the aluminum cell and the heat conducting medium from the metal heat conducting material part of the anode operation separation bin (1) in the aluminum cell contain water or water vapor with certain heat energy, and the secondary heating and pressurizing treatment is carried out in the flue gas water heat exchanger (34) of the aluminum cell waste heat utilization device (20). Thereby obtaining thermodynamic energy with higher temperature and higher heat value pressure and carrying out high-efficiency waste heat utilization; or the temperature of the heat dissipation flue gas in the electrolytic bath is reduced and the flue gas is conveyed to a flue gas purification system device of the aluminum electrolytic bath for flue gas purification treatment.

9. The exhaust-heat boiler type aluminum reduction cell structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: a plurality of heat conducting pipeline (33) devices can be arranged on a plurality of anode operation separation bins (1) of one aluminum electrolytic cell; the heat conducting pipeline (33) devices on a plurality of aluminum electrolysis cells can also be connected in series or in parallel to be integrally configured.

10. The exhaust-heat boiler type aluminum reduction cell structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the negative pressure air output pipelines (18) of a plurality of aluminum electrolysis cells can be connected in parallel outside the electrolysis cell, the heat of electrolysis hot flue gas generated by electrolyte liquid layers of the plurality of aluminum electrolysis cells is concentrated together, and the heat is transmitted to a flue gas water heat exchanger (34) of a waste heat utilization system device (20) of the aluminum electrolysis cell.

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