CN209745007U - Continuous aluminum alloy centralized melting furnace - Google Patents
Continuous aluminum alloy centralized melting furnace Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN209745007U CN209745007U CN201920498125.XU CN201920498125U CN209745007U CN 209745007 U CN209745007 U CN 209745007U CN 201920498125 U CN201920498125 U CN 201920498125U CN 209745007 U CN209745007 U CN 209745007U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- furnace
- layer
- melting
- heat
- insulating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]
Landscapes
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides a melting furnace is concentrated to continuous type aluminum alloy, includes furnace body, feeding tower and automatic material conveying device, the furnace body comprises melting chamber stove, heat preservation chamber stove and the hot water outlet that communicates in proper order, and melting chamber stove and heat preservation chamber stove side top all are equipped with the gas direct flame nozzle, and the inside hearth that is equipped with of melting chamber stove, melting chamber stove upper portion pass through the bolt and be connected with feeding tower's bottom, and feeding tower upper portion passes through the bolt and is connected with collection petticoat pipe, and collection petticoat pipe top is connected with the chimney, automatic material conveying device sets up the assembly side that forms at furnace body and feeding tower, and automatic material conveying device includes metal crate, lifting machine and reinforced dolly, and the lifting machine sets up on metal crate, and the lifting machine comprises brake motor, worm gear speed reducer, sprocket and chain, and. The utility model discloses melting furnace ton aluminium energy consumption reduces to 65m natural gas for bearing, and the demand uses promptly, reduces latency, and the simple operation reduces personnel's demand simultaneously.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a smelting furnace equipment technical field especially relates to a melting furnace is concentrated to continuous type aluminum alloy.
Background
The aluminum alloy centralized melting furnace is a novel high-efficiency energy-saving aluminum melting furnace developed according to an aluminum alloy melting process, is mainly used for melting and heat preservation of aluminum ingots, and can well meet the aluminum melting process. At present, aluminum alloy is melted into aluminum liquid mainly by two methods: the first is a melting mode by using a burner and a crucible furnace, wherein compressed air and natural gas are mainly blown into the burner, and flame after combustion is sprayed on the outer wall of the crucible or directly sprayed on an aluminum ingot in the crucible, so that the aluminum ingot in the crucible is melted into aluminum liquid. This approach suffers from the following drawbacks: the combustion of natural gas is insufficient, and the emission does not reach the standard; low energy utilization rate, high energy consumption per ton of aluminum and low production efficiency. The second method is a method of using electric induction heating and crucible furnace melting, which uses eddy current heating formed by self-induction of the aluminum ingot in the crucible furnace to promote the aluminum ingot to be melted into aluminum liquid. This approach suffers from the following disadvantages: the self-induction heating is fast, and the over-temperature easily causes the burning loss of aluminum components; the electric energy is adopted for heating, and the cost is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
For solving the aluminum alloy melting furnace among the prior art and causing ton aluminium energy consumption height, natural gas burning insufficient, intensification to be difficult to control and the electric heating defect with high costs, the utility model provides a continuous type aluminum alloy concentrates melting furnace that can incessant continuous operation, keep warm effectual, gas burning is abundant, waste heat utilization rate is high and the energy consumption is low.
The utility model adopts the technical proposal that:
A continuous aluminum alloy centralized melting furnace comprises a furnace body, a feeding tower, an automatic feeding device, a smoke collecting hood and a chimney, wherein the furnace body comprises a melting chamber furnace, a heat preservation chamber furnace and a soup outlet which are sequentially communicated, the soup outlet is arranged at the lower side of the heat preservation chamber furnace, gas direct flame burners are arranged above the melting chamber furnace and the heat preservation chamber furnace, the gas direct flame burners above the heat preservation chamber furnace are slightly inclined towards the soup outlet, a hearth is arranged inside the melting chamber furnace, the gas direct flame burners above the melting chamber furnace are slightly inclined towards the surface of the hearth, the upper part of the melting chamber furnace is connected with the bottom of the feeding tower through bolts, the upper part of the feeding tower is connected with the smoke collecting hood through bolts, the chimney is connected above the smoke collecting hood, the automatic feeding device is arranged at the side of a combination body formed by the furnace body and the feeding tower, the automatic feeding device comprises a metal frame, a hoister and a feeding trolley, the elevator is arranged on the metal frame and comprises a brake motor, a worm and gear speed reducer, a chain wheel and a chain, wherein the brake motor and the worm and gear speed reducer are arranged on the lower portion of the metal frame, a safety protection cover is arranged on the brake motor and the worm and gear speed reducer, the chain wheel is arranged above the metal frame, the chain wheel is connected with a gear on the worm and gear speed reducer through the chain, and the feeding trolley is arranged on the side of the metal frame.
The bottom of the feeding tower is of a conical funnel structure.
The gas direct flame burner is electrically ignited, and flame is monitored by an ion sensor.
The furnace shells of the heat preservation chamber furnace, the melting chamber furnace and the feeding tower are composed of steel plates and non-deformation steel structures made of profile steel, and reinforcing ribs are welded on the steel plates of the furnace shells.
The furnace lining of the periphery of the gas direct flame burner of the melting chamber furnace, the furnace bed, the side wall, the furnace cover and the furnace door sequentially comprises three layers of the same materials, namely an imported high-strength mullite slag-resistant castable, a light high-alumina insulating brick and a nano microporous heat-insulating plate NPP from inside to outside, wherein the fourth layer and the fifth layer of the periphery of the gas direct flame burner and the furnace door are respectively high-grade heat-insulating ceramic fiber blankets, the fourth layer and the fifth layer of the furnace bed are respectively light-weight insulating bricks, the fourth layer and the fifth layer of the side wall are respectively a non-asbestos calcium silicate plate, a ceramic fiber light castable and a high-grade heat-insulating ceramic fiber blanket, and the fourth layer and the fifth layer of the furnace cover are respectively a non-asbestos calcium silicate plate and a high.
The furnace lining around the gas direct flame burner of the heat preservation chamber furnace and the side wall are sequentially made of three layers of same materials, namely an imported high-strength mullite slag-resistant castable, a light high-alumina insulating brick and a nano microporous insulating plate NPP from inside to outside, the furnace lining of the furnace top and the furnace door of the heat preservation chamber furnace are sequentially made of three layers of same materials, namely an imported light heat-resistant castable and a light high-alumina insulating brick nano microporous insulating plate NPP from inside to outside, wherein the fourth layer and the fifth layer around the gas direct flame burner are respectively high-grade heat-insulating ceramic fiber blankets, the fourth layer and the fifth layer of the side wall are respectively an asbestos-free calcium silicate plate, a ceramic fiber light castable and a high-grade heat-insulating ceramic fiber blanket, the fourth layer and the fifth layer of the furnace top are respectively an asbestos-free calcium silicate plate and a high-grade heat-insulating ceramic fiber blanket, and the fourth layer and the fifth.
The feeding tower furnace lining is composed of five insulating layers and heat insulating layers made of different materials, and the feeding tower is sequentially composed of an imported high-strength mullite slag-resistant castable, a light high-alumina insulating brick, a nano microporous heat-insulating plate NPP, an asbestos-free calcium silicon plate and a high-grade heat-insulating ceramic fiber blanket from inside to outside.
The outer part of the gas direct flame burner is connected with a gas pipeline, and the gas pipeline is connected with an air supply pipeline control valve and a detection safety device.
The utility model has the advantages that: the utility model can realize uninterrupted continuous work, and can discharge the aluminum liquid from the heat preservation chamber for use when the aluminum liquid is needed, thereby reducing the waiting time; the heat-insulating layer and the heat-insulating layer of the furnace body are optimized, and the temperature rise of the outer wall of the furnace body does not exceed 50 ℃ when the furnace body normally works; the structure of the feeding tower is optimized, the exhaust path of the tail gas generated by combustion in the melting chamber furnace can pass through an aluminum ingot newly added from the feeding tower, the waste heat is fully utilized, the temperature of the tail gas of a chimney is lower than 200 ℃, and the energy consumption of aluminum per ton is reduced to 65m natural gas through thin film strip production; simultaneously, the simple operation reduces personnel's demand.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line a-a of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-a heat preservation chamber furnace; 2-a feeding tower; 3-smoke collecting hood; 4-a chimney; 5-a safety shield; 6-braking the motor; 7-worm gear reducer; 8-a metal frame; 9-melting chamber furnace; 10-a chain; 11-a charging trolley; 12-an automatic feeding device; 13-a sprocket; 14-a hearth; 15-gas direct flame burner; 16-soup outlet.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
a continuous aluminum alloy centralized melting furnace comprises a furnace body, a feeding tower 2, an automatic feeding device 12, a smoke collecting hood 3 and a chimney 4, wherein the furnace body is composed of a melting chamber furnace 9, a heat preservation chamber furnace 1 and a soup outlet 16 which are sequentially communicated, the soup outlet 16 is arranged at the lower part of the side of the heat preservation chamber furnace 1, gas direct flame burners 15 are arranged above the melting chamber furnace 9 and the heat preservation chamber furnace 1, the gas direct flame burners 15 above the heat preservation chamber furnace 1 are slightly inclined towards the direction of the soup outlet 16, a hearth 14 is arranged inside the melting chamber furnace 9, the gas direct flame burners 15 above the melting chamber furnace 9 are slightly inclined towards the surface of the hearth 14, the upper part of the melting chamber furnace 9 is connected with the bottom of the feeding tower 2 through bolts, the upper part of the feeding tower 2 is connected with the smoke collecting hood 3 through bolts, the chimney 4 is connected above the smoke collecting hood 3, the automatic feeding device 12 is arranged on a combination body formed by the feeding tower 2, automatic material conveying device 12 includes metal crate 8, lifting machine and reinforced dolly 11, the lifting machine sets up on metal crate 8, the lifting machine is by brake motor 6, worm gear speed reducer 7, sprocket 13 and chain 10 constitute, brake motor 6 and worm gear speed reducer 7 set up in metal crate 8 lower part, be equipped with safety protection casing 5 on brake motor 6 and the worm gear speed reducer 7, sprocket 13 sets up in metal crate 8 top, sprocket 13 passes through chain 10 with the gear on the worm gear speed reducer 7 and links to each other, reinforced dolly 11 sets up in metal crate 8 side.
The bottom of the feeding tower 2 is in a conical funnel structure.
The gas direct flame burner 15 be electric ignition, flame passes through the ion sensor control, 15 external connections of gas direct flame burner have the gas pipeline, the gas pipeline is connected with air supply pipeline control valve and detection safety device.
The furnace shells of the heat preservation chamber furnace 1, the melting chamber furnace 9 and the feeding tower 2 are composed of steel plates and non-deformation steel structures made of profile steel, and reinforcing ribs are welded on the steel plates of the furnace shells.
The furnace lining of the periphery of a gas direct flame burner 15, a hearth 14, a side wall, a furnace cover and a furnace door of the melting chamber furnace 9 sequentially comprises three layers of same materials, namely an imported high-strength mullite slag-resistant castable, a light high-alumina insulating brick and a nano microporous heat-insulating plate NPP from inside to outside, wherein the periphery of the gas direct flame burner 15, the fourth layer and the fifth layer of the furnace door are high-grade heat-insulating ceramic fiber blankets, the fourth layer and the fifth layer of the hearth 14 are light insulating bricks, the fourth layer and the fifth layer of the side wall are respectively a non-asbestos calcium silicate plate, a ceramic fiber light castable and a high-grade heat-insulating ceramic fiber blanket, and the fourth layer and the fifth layer of the furnace cover are respectively a non-asbestos calcium silicate plate and a high-grade heat-insulating ceramic fiber.
The furnace lining around the gas direct flame burner 15 of the heat preservation chamber furnace 1 and the furnace lining on the side wall are sequentially made of three layers of the same materials, namely an imported high-strength mullite slag-resistant castable, a light high-alumina insulating brick and a nano microporous insulating plate NPP from inside to outside, the furnace lining on the furnace top and the furnace door of the heat preservation chamber furnace 1 are sequentially made of three layers of the same materials, namely an imported light heat-resistant castable and a light high-alumina insulating brick nano microporous insulating plate NPP from inside to outside, wherein the fourth layer and the fifth layer around the gas direct flame burner 15 are respectively high-grade heat-insulating ceramic fiber blankets, the fourth layer and the fifth layer on the side wall are respectively an asbestos-free calcium silicate plate, a ceramic fiber light castable and a high-grade heat-insulating ceramic fiber blanket, the fourth layer and the fifth layer on the furnace top are respectively an asbestos-free calcium silicate plate and a high-grade heat-insulating ceramic fiber blanket, and.
The furnace lining of the feeding tower 2 consists of five insulating layers and heat insulating layers made of different materials, and the feeding tower 2 consists of an imported high-strength mullite slag-resistant castable, a light high-alumina insulating brick, a nano microporous heat-insulating plate NPP, an asbestos-free calcium-silicon plate and a high-grade heat-insulating ceramic fiber blanket from inside to outside in sequence.
The utility model discloses during specific operation, the operation workman adds reinforced dolly 11 with aluminium ingot and foundry returns, then push into automatic material conveying device 12 with reinforced dolly 11, automatic material conveying device 12 drives reinforced dolly 11 upward movement, when moving to feeding tower 2 tower mouth, 11 upsets of reinforced dolly, pour aluminium ingot and foundry returns wherein into feeding tower 2, solid aluminium ingot and foundry returns can slide into in the melting chamber stove 9 of feeding tower 2 lower part, 15 works of gas direct flame nozzle, spun flame lets aluminium ingot and foundry returns melt, aluminium liquid after the melting flows into heat preservation chamber stove 1 storage from melting chamber stove 9.
While one embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. All the equivalent changes and improvements made according to the application scope of the present invention should still fall within the patent coverage of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A continuous aluminum alloy centralized melting furnace is characterized by comprising a furnace body, a feeding tower (2), an automatic feeding device (12), a smoke collecting hood (3) and a chimney (4), wherein the furnace body is composed of a melting chamber furnace (9), a heat preservation chamber furnace (1) and a soup outlet (16) which are sequentially communicated, the soup outlet (16) is arranged at the lower side of the heat preservation chamber furnace (1), gas direct flame burners (15) are arranged above the melting chamber furnace (9) and the heat preservation chamber furnace (1), the gas direct flame burners (15) above the heat preservation chamber furnace (1) are slightly inclined towards the direction of the soup outlet (16), a hearth (14) is arranged inside the melting chamber furnace (9), the gas direct flame burners (15) above the melting chamber furnace (9) are slightly inclined towards the surface direction of the hearth (14), the upper part of the melting chamber furnace (9) is connected with the bottom of the feeding tower (2) through bolts, the upper part of the feeding tower (2) is connected with the smoke collecting hood (3) through bolts, a chimney (4) is connected above the smoke collecting hood (3), the automatic feeding device (12) is arranged on the side of a combination body formed by the furnace body and the feeding tower (2), the automatic feeding device (12) comprises a metal frame (8), a lifter and a feeding trolley (11), the lifter is arranged on the metal frame (8), the lifter is composed of a brake motor (6), the novel feeding device comprises a worm and gear speed reducer (7), a chain wheel (13) and a chain (10), wherein a brake motor (6) and the worm and gear speed reducer (7) are arranged on the lower portion of a metal frame (8), a safety protection cover (5) is arranged on the brake motor (6) and the worm and gear speed reducer (7), the chain wheel (13) is arranged above the metal frame (8), the chain wheel (13) is connected with a gear on the worm and gear speed reducer (7) through the chain (10), and a feeding trolley (11) is arranged on the side of the metal frame (8).
2. The continuous aluminum alloy centralized melting furnace of claim 1, wherein the bottom of the feeding tower (2) is in a cone-shaped funnel structure.
3. The continuous aluminum alloy centralized melting furnace of claim 1, wherein the gas direct flame burner (15) is electrically ignited, the flame is monitored by an ion sensor, a gas pipeline is connected to the outside of the gas direct flame burner (15), and the gas pipeline is connected with an air supply pipeline control valve and a detection safety device.
4. The continuous aluminum alloy centralized melting furnace of claim 1, characterized in that the furnace shells of the holding chamber furnace (1), the melting chamber furnace (9) and the feeding tower (2) are made of steel plates and non-deformed steel structures made of section steel, and reinforcing ribs are welded on the steel plates of the furnace shells.
5. The continuous aluminum alloy centralized melting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the periphery of the gas direct flame burner (15), the hearth (14), the side walls, the furnace cover and the furnace lining of the furnace door of the melting chamber furnace (9) are sequentially formed by three layers of the same materials, namely an imported high-strength mullite slag-resistant castable, a light high-aluminum insulating brick and a nano microporous insulating plate NPP from inside to outside, wherein the periphery of the gas direct flame burner (15), the fourth layer and the fifth layer of the furnace door are respectively a high-grade insulating ceramic fiber blanket, the fourth layer and the fifth layer of the hearth (14) are respectively a light insulating brick, the fourth layer and the fifth layer of the side walls are respectively a non-asbestos calcium silicate plate, a ceramic fiber light castable and a high-grade insulating ceramic fiber blanket, and the fourth layer and the fifth layer of the furnace cover are respectively a non-asbestos calcium silicate plate and a high-grade insulating ceramic fiber blanket.
6. The continuous aluminum alloy centralized melting furnace according to claim 1, wherein furnace linings on the periphery and side wall of the gas direct flame burner (15) of the heat-preservation chamber furnace (1) are respectively made of three same materials, namely an imported high-strength mullite slag-resistant castable, a light high-alumina insulating brick and a nano-microporous heat-insulation plate NPP, from inside to outside, the furnace linings on the furnace top and the furnace door of the heat-preservation chamber furnace (1) are respectively made of three same materials, namely an imported light heat-resistant castable and a light high-alumina insulating brick nano-microporous heat-insulation plate NPP, from inside to outside, wherein the fourth layer and the fifth layer on the periphery of the gas direct flame burner (15) are respectively made of a high-grade heat-insulation ceramic fiber blanket, the fourth layer and the fifth layer on the side wall are respectively made of a silicon-calcium-free asbestos plate, a ceramic fiber light-weight castable and a high-grade heat-insulation ceramic fiber blanket, and the fourth layer and the, The fourth layer and the fifth layer of the furnace door are both high-grade heat-insulating ceramic fiber blankets.
7. The continuous aluminum alloy centralized melting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the furnace lining of the feeding tower (2) is composed of five insulating layers and heat insulating layers made of different materials, and the feeding tower (2) is composed of an imported high-strength mullite slag-resistant castable, a light high-aluminum insulating brick, a nano-microporous heat-insulating plate NPP, an asbestos-free calcium-silicon plate and a high-grade heat-insulating ceramic fiber blanket from inside to outside in sequence.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920498125.XU CN209745007U (en) | 2019-04-14 | 2019-04-14 | Continuous aluminum alloy centralized melting furnace |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920498125.XU CN209745007U (en) | 2019-04-14 | 2019-04-14 | Continuous aluminum alloy centralized melting furnace |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN209745007U true CN209745007U (en) | 2019-12-06 |
Family
ID=68720779
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920498125.XU Active CN209745007U (en) | 2019-04-14 | 2019-04-14 | Continuous aluminum alloy centralized melting furnace |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN209745007U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109990600A (en) * | 2019-04-14 | 2019-07-09 | 天津海特智能装备有限公司 | A kind of continuous aluminum alloy concentration melting furnace |
| CN115200369A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-10-18 | 衡阳凯新特种材料科技有限公司 | Auxiliary assembly for sintering silicon nitride ceramics |
-
2019
- 2019-04-14 CN CN201920498125.XU patent/CN209745007U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109990600A (en) * | 2019-04-14 | 2019-07-09 | 天津海特智能装备有限公司 | A kind of continuous aluminum alloy concentration melting furnace |
| CN115200369A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-10-18 | 衡阳凯新特种材料科技有限公司 | Auxiliary assembly for sintering silicon nitride ceramics |
| CN115200369B (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2023-09-19 | 衡阳凯新特种材料科技有限公司 | Auxiliary equipment for sintering silicon nitride ceramics |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US9188391B2 (en) | Vertical/horizontal convertible suspending reduction furnace | |
| CN209745007U (en) | Continuous aluminum alloy centralized melting furnace | |
| CN102284762B (en) | Horizontal no-muffle pushing rod type continuous brazing furnace | |
| CN201397032Y (en) | Continuous aluminum melting holding furnace | |
| CN108866270A (en) | A kind of steelmaking equipment | |
| CN109182644A (en) | Alloy material baking furnace system and operating method after a kind of rotation cloth converter | |
| CN208472142U (en) | A kind of steelmaking equipment | |
| CN102692129A (en) | Magnesium metal continuous production equipment and process method | |
| CN101418380B (en) | Nontank shaft type electric resistance furnace smelting magnesium apparatus and smelting magnesium method thereof | |
| CN106381403B (en) | A kind of joint smelting process of blister copper | |
| CN2804754Y (en) | Microwave smelting-furnace | |
| CN209877669U (en) | Industrial flue gas waste heat recovery device | |
| CN207655905U (en) | A kind of online apparatus for baking of hot-metal bottle | |
| CN206882775U (en) | It is a kind of from heat accumulating type Ladle Furnace Heating And Drying Equipments | |
| CN109990600A (en) | A kind of continuous aluminum alloy concentration melting furnace | |
| CN203687585U (en) | Vertical continuous aluminum smelting furnace | |
| CN201348431Y (en) | Vertical energy-saving rapid aluminum melting furnace | |
| CN211311505U (en) | Converter mouth closing device | |
| CN104089476A (en) | Method for using induction furnace for smelting iron alloy and dedicated induction furnace | |
| CN201377981Y (en) | Thermal circulation environment-friendly and energy-saving melting furnace | |
| CN210922168U (en) | Novel metal melting furnace | |
| CN210569935U (en) | Metal melting furnace with hot gas heat preservation structure | |
| CN204346098U (en) | Energy-saving living beings melt aluminium stove | |
| CN101164871B (en) | Improved cooling discharging Slapple activating furnace | |
| CN206875967U (en) | A kind of hardware smelts melting furnace |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |