CN215440335U - High-efficient waste gasification and exhaust-gas treatment system - Google Patents

High-efficient waste gasification and exhaust-gas treatment system Download PDF

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CN215440335U
CN215440335U CN202023263389.9U CN202023263389U CN215440335U CN 215440335 U CN215440335 U CN 215440335U CN 202023263389 U CN202023263389 U CN 202023263389U CN 215440335 U CN215440335 U CN 215440335U
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pipe
gas
garbage
outlet
cavity
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白絮飞
王永先
王文秋
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Bai Xufei
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Bai Xufei
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

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Abstract

The utility model provides a high-efficiency garbage gasification and waste gas treatment system which is characterized by comprising a garbage filtering device, a material pushing device, a garbage gasification furnace, a dust removal and desulfurization device, a gas mixing device, an igniter, a tail gas incineration device, a catalyst and a chimney which are sequentially connected. After the garbage with water and soil filtered out is incinerated and gasified, the generated waste gas is dedusted, partially desulfurized, wet desulfurized and combusted again, and residual CO, NOx and HC are catalyzed, cracked and discharged through a chimney after reaching the standard under the action of a catalyst. The device has the advantages of no environmental pollution, no waste liquid discharge, realization of harmless treatment of garbage, capability of providing steam and hot water to the outside, full utilization of heat energy generated by garbage combustion, complete functions, high working efficiency, low labor intensity and low cost.

Description

High-efficient waste gasification and exhaust-gas treatment system
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a high-efficiency garbage gasification and waste gas treatment system, and belongs to the technical field of garbage treatment.
Background
At present, the garbage disposal adopts chain type, step type and rotary kiln type to carry out garbage incineration disposal, seepage-proof landfill is adopted in some cases, and bare burning landfill is adopted in some cases. During incineration treatment, negative pressure type smoldering is mostly adopted, the oxygen enrichment is very high, and tail gas is sprayed with clear water after being subjected to cloth bag or electrostatic dust collection and then is emptied. However, in the treatment process, the normal operation cannot be realized due to the blockage of the cloth bag and frequent electrode cleaning, even the waste gas treatment is cancelled, and in order to prevent the dense smoke from being discharged and rolled by a chimney, the waste is incinerated by reducing the negative pressure air draft power or adopting a braising mode with large furnace and small output, which causes pollution to the environment. In addition, in order to solve the problem of discharging toxic and harmful gases, the existing waste incineration power station adopts a method of wet desulphurization and dust removal, however, after high-temperature flue gas is subjected to water film dust removal and desulphurization, the tail gas has high water content and can not rise to a height diluted by atmosphere, and a small amount of toxic and harmful ions in white water mist still pollute the surrounding environment. Moreover, the most outstanding problems in the incineration treatment are that the contents of CO, NOx and HC exceed the standard, and a gas transmission pipe network is seriously blocked, so that an operator needs to clean the pipe network every week, the incineration equipment cannot continuously work, the working efficiency is influenced, and the labor intensity is increased. Therefore, there is a need for improvements in existing waste treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a high-efficiency garbage gasification and waste gas treatment system, which aims to solve the problems of environmental pollution, low working efficiency, high labor intensity and the like in the conventional garbage incineration treatment and realize the harmless treatment of garbage.
The utility model is realized by the following technical scheme: a high-efficiency garbage gasification and waste gas treatment system is characterized by comprising a garbage filtering device, a material pushing device, a garbage gasification furnace, a dust removal and desulfurization device, a gas mixing device, an igniter, a tail gas incineration device, a catalyst and a chimney which are sequentially connected.
The garbage filtering device comprises: the garbage treatment device comprises a first conveyor with a conveying net belt, a hopper arranged below the first conveyor, and a sedimentation tank arranged below the hopper, wherein the first conveyor is connected with a second conveyor so as to filter moisture and soil in garbage through the net belt of the first conveyor, and then the garbage is discharged through the second conveyor.
The pushing device comprises a horizontal material pipe and a hopper arranged on the horizontal material pipe, the hopper is connected with the output end of a second conveyor of the garbage filtering device, a power cylinder is arranged in the horizontal material pipe, a pushing head is arranged at the end part of a piston rod of the power cylinder, and the pushing head is a cone so as to push out garbage entering the horizontal material pipe through the hopper under the driving of a piston rod of the power cylinder.
The garbage gasification furnace comprises a furnace shell, a hearth arranged in the furnace shell and a heat absorption water layer arranged between the furnace shell and the hearth, wherein the bottom of the hearth is provided with a cone with a large top and a small bottom, the wall of the cone is provided with a plurality of air inlets, and the plurality of air inlets are connected with corresponding horizontal air inlet pipes of which the outer ends are open;
the lower end of the bottom of the hearth is provided with a plurality of fire grates, a conical ash bin with a large upper part and a small lower part is arranged below the fire grates, and the lower end of the conical ash bin is connected with a spiral slag remover and used for discharging ash slag;
the top of the furnace shell is provided with a fuel gas outlet pipe communicated with the hearth and a steam diffusing pipe communicated with the heat absorption water layer, the lower part of the furnace shell is provided with a cover access hole communicated with the hearth, and the upper part of the furnace shell is provided with a feed inlet connected with the outlet end of a horizontal material pipe of the pushing device;
so that when the garbage enters the hearth for combustion, the horizontal air inlet pipe supplies oxygen to the hearth uniformly, and the garbage is completely combusted and gasified; the heat absorbing water layer can cool the furnace shell and generate steam and hot water.
The dust removal and desulfurization device comprises a cylinder body with an inner cavity, a top air outlet and a bottom air inlet, wherein the top of the cavity is provided with a nozzle, the nozzle is connected with a desulfurization liquid conveying pipe, the cavity is sequentially divided into a bottom accumulated liquid layer, a middle filler layer and a top spraying layer from bottom to top, and the bottom air inlet is connected with a hearth of the garbage gasification furnace through a fuel gas outlet pipe;
the upper part of the liquid accumulation layer is communicated with the lower end of a steam leading-out pipe, and the upper end of the steam leading-out pipe is communicated with a steam diffusing pipe of the garbage gasification furnace, so that steam is introduced into the packing layer to regenerate the packing.
The bottom of the column body is connected with an externally-guided U-shaped pipe so as to discharge the accumulated liquid to a sedimentation tank through the U-shaped pipe;
each layer of the column body is respectively provided with an access hole with a cover;
so that the fuel gas from the garbage gasification furnace enters from the accumulated liquid layer at the bottom of the dust removal and desulfurization device and then passes through the accumulated liquid layer to remove dust, then rises to pass through the packing layer at the middle part, enters the spraying layer at the upper part, moves in opposite directions with the desulfurization liquid from top to bottom, is led out from the top of the tower after completing dust removal and partial desulfurization, the desulfurization liquid flows into the accumulated liquid layer at the bottom downwards through the iron chip packing layer in the middle, and the accumulated liquid is discharged to the sedimentation tank through a U-shaped pipe.
The desulfurization device comprises an inner cavity, a top air outlet, a bottom cylinder with an air inlet, a nozzle is arranged at the top of the cavity, the nozzle is connected with a desulfurization liquid conveying pipe, the bottom is connected with an externally-introduced U-shaped pipe, the bottom air inlet is connected with an air outlet at the top of the dedusting desulfurization device through an air introducing pipe, the lower part of the cylinder is provided with an access hole with a cover, so that fuel gas from the dedusting desulfurization device flows from bottom to top after entering the cavity through the air inlet at the bottom of the desulfurization device, and moves in opposite directions with the desulfurization liquid from top to bottom, after desulfurization is completed, the fuel gas is discharged from the top air outlet, the desulfurization liquid flows downwards into the bottom of the cavity, and the fuel gas is discharged to a sedimentation tank through the externally-introduced U-shaped pipe.
The gas mixing device comprises a gas pipe, a nozzle and a jacket, wherein the upper end of the gas pipe is connected with a gas outlet at the top of the desulfurization device, the nozzle is arranged at the end part of the lower end of the gas pipe, the jacket is arranged at the lower end of the gas pipe and on the periphery of the nozzle, the gas outlet end of the jacket is provided with a conical head, the conical head is connected with one end of a throat pipe, the other end of the throat pipe is connected with a cone, positive pressure blast enters the jacket tangentially, and then is mixed with gas at the gas outlet end of the jacket and the throat pipe, and the gas is pressurized through the cone.
The igniter is conventional equipment, an air inlet of the igniter is connected with a cone (an air outlet) of the air mixing device, the igniter is a rectangular shell, an outer layer of the igniter is a metal shell, an aluminum silicate heat-insulating cotton layer is arranged in the middle of the igniter, an inner layer of the igniter is a refractory material layer, a core part of the igniter is a heat storage chamber provided with a plurality of carbon rods, two ends of each carbon rod extend out and then are connected with a power supply through wires, so that power is supplied to the carbon rods after the carbon rods are switched on, the heat storage chamber is heated to 1600 ℃, and when air enters the heat storage chamber, the temperature is immediately raised;
the fire inlet of the tail gas incinerator is connected with the fire outlet of the igniter, the tail gas incinerator comprises a shell with a cavity inside, a gas outlet at the top and a gas inlet at the bottom, the inner wall of the shell is filled with refractory materials, the lower part of the shell is provided with an access hole with a cover, so that heated gas can enter the cavity and be fully combusted, and the combusted gas is discharged from the gas outlet at the top;
the catalytic converter comprises a shell with a cavity therein and an air inlet and an air outlet at two ends thereof, wherein the air inlet is connected with the air outlet of the tail gas incinerator, the air outlet is connected with a chimney, ceramic porous plates coated with catalysts on the surfaces are respectively arranged in the cavities at the air inlet side and the air outlet side, and the inner wall of the shell is provided with a heat insulation layer so that the gases and the catalysts on the porous plates can act to catalyze, crack and exhaust residual CO, NOx and HC through the chimney after reaching the standard.
The utility model has the following advantages and effects: by adopting the technical scheme, the garbage with water and soil filtered out can be conveniently incinerated and gasified, the generated waste gas is subjected to dust removal and partial desulfurization treatment, then is subjected to wet desulfurization treatment, and then is combusted again, and residual CO, NOx and HC are subjected to catalysis, cracking and standard reaching through the action of a catalyst and then are exhausted through a chimney. The device has the advantages of no environmental pollution, no waste liquid discharge, realization of harmless treatment of garbage, capability of providing steam and hot water to the outside, full utilization of heat energy generated by garbage combustion, complete functions, high working efficiency, low labor intensity and low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The utility model is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The utility model provides a high-efficiency waste gasification and waste gas treatment system, which consists of a waste filtering device 1, a material pushing device 2, a waste gasification furnace 3, a dust removal and desulfurization device 4, a desulfurization device 5, a gas mixing device 6, an igniter 7, a tail gas incineration device 8, a catalyst 9 and a chimney 10 which are connected in sequence, wherein:
the garbage filtering device 1 comprises a first conveyor 13 with a conveying mesh belt, a hopper 12 arranged below the first conveyor 13, and a sedimentation tank 11 arranged below the hopper 12, wherein the first conveyor 13 is connected with a second conveyor 14 so as to filter moisture and soil in garbage through the mesh belt of the first conveyor 13 and then send out through the second conveyor 14;
the pushing device 2 comprises a horizontal material pipe 21 and a hopper 22 arranged on the horizontal material pipe 21, the hopper 22 is connected with the output end of the second conveyor 14 of the garbage filtering device 1, a power cylinder 24 is arranged in the horizontal material pipe 21, a pushing head 23 is arranged at the end part of a piston rod 25 of the power cylinder 24, and the pushing head 23 is a cone so that garbage entering the horizontal material pipe 21 through the hopper 22 is pushed out through the pushing head 23 under the driving of the piston rod 25 of the power cylinder 24;
the garbage gasification furnace 3 comprises a furnace shell 31, a hearth 32 arranged in the furnace shell 31 and a heat absorption water layer 33 arranged between the furnace shell 31 and the hearth 32, wherein the bottom of the hearth 32 is provided with a cone with a large top and a small bottom, the wall of the cone is provided with a plurality of air inlets, and the plurality of air inlets are connected with corresponding horizontal air inlet pipes 34 of which the outer ends are open; the lower end of the bottom of the hearth 32 is provided with a plurality of fire grates 35, a conical ash bin 37 with a large upper part and a small lower part is arranged below the fire grates 35, and the lower end of the conical ash bin 37 is connected with a conventional screw conveyor 36 and used for discharging ash; the top of the furnace shell 31 is provided with a fuel gas outlet pipe 38 communicated with the hearth 32 and a steam diffusing pipe 39 communicated with the heat absorption water layer 33, the lower part of the furnace shell 31 is provided with a maintenance opening with a cover communicated with the hearth, the upper part of the furnace shell 31 is provided with a feed inlet connected with the outlet end of the horizontal material pipe 21 of the pushing device 2, so that the garbage in the horizontal material pipe 21 is pushed into the hearth 32 through the pushing head 23 to be combusted and gasified, and oxygen is uniformly supplied to the inside of the hearth 32 through the horizontal air inlet pipe 34, so that the garbage is fully combusted and gasified; the heat absorption water layer 33 can cool the furnace shell 31 and can generate steam and hot water for users to use;
the dust removal and desulfurization device 4 comprises a cylinder 41 with a cavity, an air outlet at the top and an air inlet at the bottom, the top of the cavity is provided with a nozzle 43, the nozzle 43 is connected with a desulfurization liquid conveying pipe, the cavity is sequentially divided into a liquid accumulation layer 46 at the bottom, a packing layer 42 in the middle and a spraying layer at the top from bottom to top, and the air inlet at the bottom is communicated with the hearth 32 of the garbage gasifier 3 through a fuel gas outlet pipe 38; the upper part of the liquid accumulation layer 46 is communicated with the lower end of a steam eduction tube 391, and the upper end of the steam eduction tube 391 is communicated with a steam diffusing tube 39 of the garbage gasification furnace 3, so that steam is introduced into the packing layer 42 to regenerate the packing; the bottom of the column 41 is connected with an externally led U-shaped pipe 47 so as to discharge the accumulated liquid to the sedimentation tank 11 through the U-shaped pipe 47; each layer of the column 41 is respectively provided with an access hole 45 with a cover;
the desulfurization device 5 comprises a cylinder 51 with a cavity, an air outlet at the top and an air inlet at the bottom, the top of the cavity is provided with a nozzle 52, the nozzle 52 is connected with a desulfurization liquid conveying pipe, the bottom of the cavity is connected with an externally-led U-shaped pipe 55, the air inlet at the bottom is connected with the air outlet at the top of the dust removal desulfurization device 4 through an air-leading pipe 44, and the lower part of the cylinder 51 is provided with an access hole 54 with a cover;
the gas mixing device 6 comprises a gas pipe 53, the upper end of which is connected with a gas outlet at the top of the desulphurization device 5, a nozzle 62 arranged at the end part of the lower end of the gas pipe 53, and a jacket 61 arranged at the lower end of the gas pipe 53 and at the periphery of the nozzle 62, wherein the gas outlet end of the jacket 61 is provided with a conical head, the conical head is connected with one end of a throat 63, the other end of the throat 63 is connected with a cone 64, and after positive pressure blast air tangentially enters the jacket 61, the positive pressure blast air is mixed with gas at the gas outlet end of the jacket 61 and the throat 63, and then the gas is pressurized through the cone 64;
the igniter 7 is conventional equipment, an air inlet of the igniter is connected with a cone 64 (an air outlet) of the air mixing device 6, the igniter 7 is a rectangular shell, an outer layer is a metal shell 71, an aluminum silicate heat-insulating cotton layer 72 is arranged in the middle, an inner layer is a refractory material layer 73, a core part is a heat storage chamber provided with a plurality of carbon rods 74, the carbon rods 74 are connected with a power supply, so that power is supplied to the carbon rods 74 after the power supply is switched on, the heat storage chamber is heated to 1600 ℃, and when air enters the heat storage chamber, the temperature is instantly raised;
the fire inlet of the tail gas incinerator 8 is connected with the fire outlet of the igniter 7, the tail gas incinerator 8 comprises a shell 81 with a cavity, a gas outlet at the top and a gas inlet at the bottom, the inner wall of the shell 81 is fully built with refractory materials 82, the lower part of the shell 81 is provided with an access hole 83 with a cover, so that the heated gas can enter the cavity and be fully combusted, and the combusted gas is discharged through a gas outlet at the top;
the catalytic converter 9 comprises a housing 91 with a cavity therein and an air inlet and an air outlet at two ends thereof, wherein the air inlet is connected with the air outlet of the tail gas incinerator 8 through a pipeline 84, the air outlet is connected with the chimney 10, ceramic porous plates 94 coated with catalysts on the surfaces are respectively arranged in the cavities 93 at the air inlet side and the air outlet side, and the inner wall of the housing 91 is provided with a heat insulation layer 92 so that the gas can act on the catalysts on the ceramic porous plates 94 to catalyze, crack and discharge the residual CO, NOx and HC after reaching the standard through the chimney 10.
When the garbage gasification furnace works, after moisture and soil are removed by the filtering device 1, the garbage is sent into the gasification furnace 3 through the material pushing device 2, and oxygen is uniformly supplied into the hearth 32 through the horizontal air inlet pipe 34, so that the garbage is fully combusted and gasified; the heat absorption water layer 33 can cool the furnace shell 31 and generate steam and hot water for users, gasified fuel gas enters from a liquid accumulation layer 46 at the bottom of the dust removal and desulfurization device 4, passes through the liquid accumulation layer to remove dust, then rises through a packing layer 42 at the middle part, enters a spraying layer at the upper part, moves opposite to the desulfurization liquid from top to bottom, is led out from the top of the tower after completing dust removal and partial desulfurization, the desulfurization liquid flows downwards into the liquid accumulation layer at the bottom through a scrap iron packing layer 42 at the middle part, the accumulated liquid is discharged to the sedimentation tank 11 through a U-shaped pipe 47, the led-out fuel gas enters a cavity from an air inlet at the bottom of the desulfurization device 5, flows from bottom to top, moves opposite to the desulfurization liquid from top to bottom, is discharged through an air outlet at the top after completing desulfurization, the desulfurization liquid flows downwards into the bottom of the cavity, is discharged to the sedimentation tank 11 through an externally-led U-shaped pipe 55, and the discharged gas is sent into the gas mixing device 6 through an air pipe 53, after mixing with air at the air outlet end of the jacket 61 and the throat 63, the gas is pressurized by the cone 64, then is heated and ignited by the igniter 7, and is sent into the tail gas incinerator 8 for sufficient combustion, the combusted gas is discharged into the catalyst 9 through the top air outlet, and reacts with the catalyst on the ceramic perforated plate 94, and the residual CO, NOx and HC are exhausted through the chimney 10 after being catalyzed, cracked and reaching the standard.

Claims (9)

1. A high-efficiency garbage gasification and waste gas treatment system is characterized by comprising a garbage filtering device, a material pushing device, a garbage gasification furnace, a dust removal and desulfurization device, a gas mixing device, an igniter, a tail gas incineration device, a catalyst and a chimney which are sequentially connected.
2. The efficient refuse gasification and exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the refuse filtering device comprises: the device comprises a first conveyor with a conveying net belt, a funnel arranged below the first conveyor, and a sedimentation tank arranged below the funnel, wherein the first conveyor is connected with a second conveyor.
3. The system for efficient gasification of garbage and processing of exhaust gas according to claim 1, wherein the pushing device comprises a horizontal material pipe, a hopper disposed on the horizontal material pipe, the hopper connected to the output end of the second conveyor of the garbage filtering device, a power cylinder disposed in the horizontal material pipe, a pushing head disposed at the end of a piston rod of the power cylinder, the pushing head being a cone.
4. The system for efficient gasification of garbage and treatment of exhaust gas according to claim 1, wherein the garbage gasification furnace comprises a furnace shell, a hearth disposed inside the furnace shell, and a heat absorption water layer disposed between the furnace shell and the hearth, wherein the bottom of the hearth is provided with a cone with a large top and a small bottom, the wall of the cone is provided with a plurality of air inlets, and the plurality of air inlets are connected with corresponding horizontal air inlet pipes with outer ends being open;
the lower end of the bottom of the hearth is provided with a plurality of fire grates, a conical ash bin with a large upper part and a small lower part is arranged below the fire grates, and the lower end of the conical ash bin is connected with a spiral slag remover;
the top of the furnace shell is provided with a fuel gas outlet pipe communicated with the hearth and a steam diffusing pipe communicated with the heat absorption water layer, the lower part of the furnace shell is provided with a cover access hole communicated with the hearth, and the upper part of the furnace shell is provided with a feed inlet connected with the outlet end of the horizontal material pipe of the pushing device.
5. The high-efficiency waste gasification and waste gas treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the dust removal and desulfurization device comprises a cylinder body with a cavity, a gas outlet at the top and a gas inlet at the bottom, a nozzle is arranged at the top of the cavity and connected with a desulfurization liquid conveying pipe, the cavity is sequentially divided into a liquid accumulation layer at the bottom, a packing layer in the middle and a spraying layer at the top from bottom to top, and the gas inlet at the bottom is connected with a hearth of the waste gasification furnace through a gas outlet pipe;
the upper part of the liquid accumulation layer is communicated with the lower end of a steam leading-out pipe, and the upper end of the steam leading-out pipe is communicated with a steam diffusing pipe of the garbage gasification furnace;
the bottom of the column body is connected with an externally-guided U-shaped pipe;
and each layer of the column body is respectively provided with an access hole with a cover.
6. The high efficiency garbage gasification and waste gas treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the desulfurization device comprises a cylinder with a cavity inside, an air outlet at the top and an air inlet at the bottom, the top of the cavity is provided with a nozzle, the nozzle is connected with a desulfurization liquid delivery pipe, the bottom of the cavity is connected with an externally introduced U-shaped pipe, the bottom air inlet is connected with the air outlet at the top of the dust removal desulfurization device through an air introducing pipe, and the lower part of the cylinder is provided with an access hole with a cover.
7. The system for gasifying waste and treating waste gas according to claim 1, wherein the gas mixing device comprises a gas pipe having an upper end connected to the gas outlet at the top of the desulfurization device, a nozzle provided at the lower end of the gas pipe, and a jacket provided at the lower end of the gas pipe and around the nozzle, the gas outlet end of the jacket is provided with a cone connected to one end of a throat pipe, and the other end of the throat pipe is connected to the cone.
8. The system for gasifying waste and treating waste gas according to claim 1, wherein the inlet of the tail gas incinerator is connected to the outlet of the igniter, the tail gas incinerator comprises a casing with a cavity therein, an outlet at the top and an inlet at the bottom, the inner wall of the casing is filled with refractory material, and the lower part of the casing is provided with an access hole with a cover.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the catalytic converter comprises a housing having a cavity therein and having an inlet and an outlet at opposite ends thereof, the inlet being connected to the outlet of the tail gas incinerator, the outlet being connected to the chimney, the cavities at the inlet and outlet sides being respectively provided with porous ceramic plates having catalyst coated surfaces, and the inner wall of the housing being provided with a thermal insulation layer.
CN202023263389.9U 2020-12-30 2020-12-30 High-efficient waste gasification and exhaust-gas treatment system Active CN215440335U (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202023263389.9U CN215440335U (en) 2020-12-30 2020-12-30 High-efficient waste gasification and exhaust-gas treatment system

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202023263389.9U CN215440335U (en) 2020-12-30 2020-12-30 High-efficient waste gasification and exhaust-gas treatment system

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CN215440335U true CN215440335U (en) 2022-01-07

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