CN215340405U

CN215340405U - Low-altitude downward-throwing type sonde based on multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle

Info

Publication number: CN215340405U
Application number: CN202121852556.5U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张彪; 方磊
Original assignee: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
Current assignee: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
Priority date: 2021-08-10
Filing date: 2021-08-10
Publication date: 2021-12-28
Anticipated expiration: 2031-08-10

Abstract

The utility model discloses a low-altitude dropsonde based on a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises a shell, a parachute, an ejection device and a collection device, wherein the shell is provided with a plurality of air inlets; the ejection device comprises a circular push plate, a spring, a hook, an electric push rod and a touch contact; the circular push plate is horizontally arranged in the upper cavity, and the parachute is connected with the upper surface of the circular push plate; the spring is connected to the bottom of the round push plate, and the telescopic direction of the spring is vertical to the round push plate; the hook is connected to the bottom of the round push plate and is hung on the outer rod of the electric push rod, and the round push plate applies downward thrust on the spring; the control part of the electric push rod is connected with the touch contact, after the touch contact is disconnected, the electric push rod is activated to shorten the outer rod so that the hook is separated from the outer rod, and the circular push plate moves upwards under the action of the restoring force of the spring to push the parachute out of the upper cavity and expand the parachute. The parachute opening device is optimized to improve the control of the parachute opening speed and the descending speed of the sonde, the cost of the whole system is reduced, and the parachute opening device is simple in structure and easy to control.

Description

Low-altitude downward-throwing type sonde based on multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of environmental monitoring, in particular to a low-altitude dropsonde based on a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle.

Background

The meteorological data elements mainly comprise: temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, wind direction, latitude and longitude and altitude, environmental monitoring, meteorological prediction and disaster prevention are also of great importance in relation to our life. Along with many rotor unmanned aerial vehicle's development, combine together many rotor unmanned aerial vehicle and formula sonde of jettisoning down and carry out low air like data detection and receive researcher's attention gradually. The existing lower-throwing type sonde is easy to wind and slow in parachute opening speed when in parachute opening, cannot guarantee parachute opening speed and parachute opening stability, is difficult to be suitable for multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles to carry out low-altitude meteorological data acquisition, and is also not suitable for carrying out meteorological data acquisition of cities and surrounding environments.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to provide a low-altitude dropsonde based on a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle, which improves the control of parachute opening speed and sonde descending speed by optimizing a parachute opening device, and optimizes the hardware aspect on the basis of the existing dropsonde technology and the matching suitable for the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle, thereby reducing the cost of the whole system and ensuring that the structure is simple and easy to control.

In order to achieve the above purpose, with reference to fig. 1, the present invention provides a low-altitude dropsonde based on a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle, where the dropsonde includes a housing, a parachute, an ejection device and a collection device;

the shell is cylindrical, and an upper cavity and a lower cavity are arranged in the shell from top to bottom; the parachute and the ejection device are arranged in the upper cavity, and the collection device is fixed in the lower cavity;

the ejection device comprises a circular push plate, a spring, a hook, an electric push rod and a touch contact; the circular push plate is horizontally arranged in the upper cavity, and the parachute is connected with the upper surface of the circular push plate; the spring is connected to the bottom of the round push plate, and the telescopic direction of the spring is vertical to the round push plate; the hook is connected to the bottom of the round push plate and is hung on the outer rod of the electric push rod, and the round push plate applies a downward thrust on the spring to enable the spring to be in a compressed state; the control part of the electric push rod is connected with the touch contact, when the touch contact is disconnected, the electric push rod is activated to shorten the outer rod so as to separate the hook from the outer rod, and the circular push plate moves upwards under the action of the restoring force of the spring to push the parachute out of the upper cavity and expand the parachute;

the acquisition device is used for acquiring meteorological data of the current area in the descending process of the shell.

Further, the parachute comprises a parachute surface, an annular opening coil, a line connecting block and an N +1 connecting line;

the landing umbrella cover is of a conical semi-closed umbrella cover structure, the bottom of the landing umbrella cover is provided with an air inlet, and an annular opening coil is arranged at the air inlet and controls the size of the air inlet under the action of external force; the line connecting block is arranged at the central position below the parachute surface, and the side surface of the line connecting block is provided with N connecting lines which are uniformly and circumferentially connected to the inner side wall of the parachute surface; the wire connecting block is connected with the round push plate through another connecting wire.

Furthermore, the acquisition device comprises an external battery, an acquisition circuit, a fixed table board and a power switch;

the fixed table board and the external battery are both fixedly arranged in the lower cavity, and the acquisition circuit is arranged on the fixed table board;

the power switch groove is formed in the side wall of the lower cavity, the power switch is embedded in the power switch groove, one end of the power switch is connected with the external battery, and the other end of the power switch is connected with the acquisition circuit and the electric push rod respectively and used for controlling the on-off state of the acquisition circuit and the electric push rod.

Furthermore, a charging interface slot is further formed in the side wall of the lower cavity, and the charging module is embedded in the charging interface slot and connected with an external battery.

Further, the acquisition circuit comprises a GPS module, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and an air pressure sensor.

Furthermore, the acquisition device also comprises a wireless transmission module for transmitting the acquired meteorological data to the ground receiving platform.

Furthermore, the external battery is connected with the acquisition circuit through the voltage reduction and stabilization circuit; the voltage reduction and voltage stabilization circuit comprises an electrolytic capacitor, a forward low voltage reduction voltage stabilizer and a plurality of parallel capacitors which are connected in sequence; the electrolytic capacitor is used for stabilizing voltage and reducing noise of the external battery, the output voltage of the external battery is respectively reduced to 3.3V and 5V by the low-voltage-drop voltage stabilizer, and finally high-frequency and low-frequency interference processing is carried out by connecting the high-capacitance electrolytic capacitor and the low-capacitance ceramic chip capacitor in parallel.

Further, the touch control contact of formula of throwing sonde is connected with many rotor unmanned aerial vehicle's touch control contact down, and when both separated, electric putter is activated.

Along with the development and the maturity of many rotor unmanned aerial vehicle technique, combine together many rotor unmanned aerial vehicle and sonde and be used for high-efficient collection meteorological data to receive people's attention gradually. Utilize many rotor unmanned aerial vehicle VTOL, with low costs and easy operation's advantage, combine the utility model newly designed novel formula sonde of throwing down can develop city and all ring edge borders's meteorological data acquisition for we, set up a city canopy meteorological data acquisition system. The novel lower-throwing type sonde designed by the utility model not only can be effectively suitable for a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle, but also can realize quick parachute opening and control of the descending speed of the sonde.

The parachute is a cone-shaped semi-closed umbrella surface structure, the bottom surface is provided with a controllable air inlet, and the air inlet is provided with an annular opening coil. A line connecting block is arranged in the parachute and is connected with the parachute face through the line, and a line is led out of the bottom of the line connecting block and is connected with the sonde. The sonde shell is of a cylindrical structure and is divided into an upper cavity part and a lower cavity part. The upper cavity is mainly used for placing a parachute control device and a parachute. The parachute control device mainly comprises a circular push plate, a spring, a hook, a small electric push rod and a touch contact. The lower half part is mainly used for placing a hardware circuit board and an external battery and mainly comprises a fixed table board for fixing the hardware circuit board, a power switch slot and a charging interface slot. The small electric push rod in the sonde is controlled by touch contacts on the small electric push rod and the touch contacts on the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle. And the touch control contact of the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle is connected with the ground wire of the flight control.

Preferably, the hardware circuit comprises a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an air pressure sensor, a GPS, a main control chip, a voltage reduction and stabilization module, a communication serial port, a debugging interface, a fault alarm small lamp and wireless data transmission. The temperature sensor is used for acquiring temperature data; the humidity sensor is used for acquiring humidity data; the air pressure sensor is used for collecting air pressure data; the GPS is used for collecting longitude and latitude and altitude data, and the wind speed and the wind direction are obtained through calculation according to the longitude and the latitude and the altitude measured by the GPS. The sonde adopts an STM32F030CCT6 main control chip produced by ST company, and the chip is communicated with a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a pressure sensor through an SPI port; and the UAST is used for communicating with the wireless transmission module and the GPS module. The sensor transmits the collected meteorological data to the main control chip, and the main control chip calculates, codes and packs the meteorological data and sends the meteorological data out through the wireless transmission module. The sonde provides stable working voltage for the whole circuit after voltage reduction and voltage stabilization through an external power supply. The voltage reduction and stabilization module mainly comprises a forward low voltage reduction voltage stabilizer (AMS1117), an electrolytic capacitor and a multi-capacitor filter circuit.

As for sensor selection, for example, a humidity sensor is used based on a capacitive relative humidity sensor (HMC 03M); the temperature and air pressure sensor is a high-resolution sensor (MS5803-01BA) based on MEMS advanced technology; the positioning module is a high-performance module (BD-125) combining GPS and Beidou; the wireless data transmission adopts a new generation LoRa radio frequency wireless module produced by hundred million and special companies, and the like.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the utility model has the following remarkable beneficial effects:

(1) the utility model relates to a novel lower-throwing type sonde, which is designed for a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle, is used for completing meteorological data acquisition tasks of cities and surrounding environments and building an acquisition device of a city canopy meteorological data acquisition system.

(2) The novel lower-throwing type sonde calculates the wind speed and the wind direction through the longitude and the latitude and the altitude measured by the GPS, reduces the difficulty of wind speed and wind direction acquisition and simplifies the structure of an acquisition system.

(3) The novel lower-throwing sonde is small in size and low in price, can be used for acquiring meteorological data for multiple times in cities and surrounding environments, and improves the accuracy of the data through multiple groups of data.

(4) The novel downward-throwing type sonde improves the structure of the parachute, is designed into a conical semi-closed umbrella cover structure, can avoid the problems of multi-line winding, incapability of opening and the like when the parachute is opened in a single-line connection mode, and can control the descending speed of the sonde by controlling the size of an air inlet at the bottom of the parachute.

(5) According to the novel lower-throwing type sonde, a quick parachute opening structure is designed, so that the effects of quick parachute opening and quick and stable operation of the sonde in the moment of separating from the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle are effectively achieved.

It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and additional concepts described in greater detail below can be considered as part of the inventive subject matter of the present disclosure unless such concepts are mutually inconsistent. In addition, all combinations of claimed subject matter are considered a part of the inventive subject matter of this disclosure.

The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments and features of the present teachings can be more fully understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Additional aspects of the present invention, such as features and/or advantages of exemplary embodiments, will be apparent from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of specific embodiments in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.

Drawings

The drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures may be represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. Embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sonde.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an ejection device of the sonde.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of functional modules of the sonde.

Fig. 4 is a voltage reduction and stabilization circuit diagram of the sonde.

Fig. 5 is a flow chart of wind speed and direction calculation of the sonde.

Detailed Description

In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The overall design of the novel downward-throwing sonde based on the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle is shown in fig. 1-5, wherein fig. 1 refers to the appearance design of the novel sonde and at least comprises a parachute A, an ejection device D, a shell B and a hardware circuit board C. The shell is cylindrical, and the hardware circuit board is placed in the lower half empty barrel; the parachute is placed in the upper half empty barrel.

To the design of parachute A in figure 1, the parachute is the semi-closed umbrella face structure of taper, and the bottom surface has a controllable air inlet to the air inlet is equipped with ring mouth coil 2, can be through setting up ring mouth coil, control open-ended size, and then realizes the control to sonde falling speed. A line connecting block 1 is arranged in the parachute and is connected with the parachute face through a line uniformly, and a line is led out of the bottom of the line connecting block and is connected with the sonde. The parachute is simply folded, so that the air inlet of the parachute is horizontally and downwards in an easily air inlet state.

Aiming at a sonde shell B and an ejection device D in the figure 1, the sonde shell is of a cylindrical structure and is divided into an upper cavity part and a lower cavity part. The upper cavity is mainly used for placing a parachute control device and a parachute. As shown in fig. 2, the ejection device D mainly includes a circular push plate 7, a spring 8, a hook 9, a small electric push rod 10, and a touch pad 11. The round push plate 7 is connected with a hook 9, moves the compression spring 8 downwards through controlling the hook, and is hung on the outer rod of the small electric push rod 10. The small electric putter 10 can be controlled by the touch pad 11 through circuit design. The lower half part is mainly used for placing a hardware circuit board C and an external battery 3 and mainly comprises a fixed table top 4, a power switch slot 6 and a charging interface slot 5. The fixed table top 4 is mainly used for fixing the hardware circuit board to keep the hardware circuit board stable and free from shaking; the power switch in the power switch groove 6 is mainly used for controlling the power switch of the sonde to be switched on and off; the charging module in the charging interface slot 5 is mainly used for supplying power through a computer when an external power supply is not connected.

Fig. 3 is a functional block of the sonde, which is mainly composed of five parts, namely a power supply module, a voltage reduction and stabilization module, an acquisition module, a main control chip and a wireless transmission module. The power supply module supplies power to the whole circuit through an external 7.4V power supply. The voltage reduction and stabilization module mainly comprises a forward low voltage reduction voltage stabilizer (AMS1117), an electrolytic capacitor and a plurality of parallel capacitors and is used for providing stable working voltage for various devices. The acquisition module is a part for acquiring data by various sensors and mainly comprises a GPS, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and an air pressure sensor. The main control chip is a control core for reading data and processing data, and the main working process is as follows: firstly, reading meteorological data of an acquisition module, then calculating wind speed and wind direction through data measured by a GPS, and finally coding and packaging temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed and wind direction. The wireless transmission module is used for transmitting the collected meteorological data to the ground receiving platform.

Fig. 4 refers to a voltage step-down stabilizing circuit of the sonde. The circuit mainly comprises a forward low dropout regulator (AMS1117), an electrolytic capacitor and a plurality of parallel capacitors. The circuit firstly carries out voltage stabilization and noise reduction on a power supply through an electrolytic capacitor, then the voltage is reduced to 3.3V and 5V through a voltage reducer, and finally high-frequency and low-frequency interference processing is carried out through the parallel connection of a high-capacitance electrolytic capacitor and a low-capacitance ceramic chip capacitor, so that the voltage reduction and stabilization effects are achieved.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of wind speed and direction calculation using the sonde of the present invention, which is to first establish a geocentric coordinate system, i.e. longitude and latitude and altitude data measured by GPS, with the WGS-84 coordinate system as a standard; then converting the longitude and latitude and the altitude of the geocentric coordinate system into coordinate values d (X, Y, Z) under a space rectangular coordinate; finally, d (X, Y, Z) is converted into a station center coordinate system d (a, b, c) established by using the northeast coordinate system as a standard. The coordinate values d (a, b, c) in the center-of-gravity coordinate system are projected onto the plane rectangular coordinate system d (x, y), and the values of d (x, y) are used to determine the values of wind speed and wind direction.

The working principle of the utility model is as follows:

when loading novel formula sonde of throwing down, touch-control contact on will visiting makes contact with the touch-control contact on the many rotor unmanned aerial vehicle projection unit, then opens sonde switch. Many rotor unmanned aerial vehicle carry on novel sonde and arrive the assigned position, send the order by ground control end and release the sonde. After a touch contact on the shell of the sonde is disconnected, the small electric push rod is activated to shorten the length of the external rod to release the hook, so that the circular push plate moves upwards quickly under the action of the elastic force of the spring to push out the parachute, and the purpose of quickly releasing the parachute is achieved. After the parachute is opened, the temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed, wind direction and other section meteorological data of the area are collected in the descending process. The novel lower-throwing sonde firstly acquires data such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, longitude and latitude, altitude and the like through an acquisition module; then, reading multiple groups of collected data through a main control chip, calculating wind speed and direction by utilizing longitude and latitude and altitude, and encoding and packaging all meteorological data; and finally, sending the coded and packaged data out through a wireless transmission module.

In this disclosure, aspects of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a number of illustrative embodiments are shown. Embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily defined to include all aspects of the utility model. It should be appreciated that the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as those described in greater detail below, may be implemented in any of numerous ways, as the disclosed concepts and embodiments are not limited to any one implementation. In addition, some aspects of the present disclosure may be used alone, or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the present disclosure.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A low-altitude dropsonde based on a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle is characterized in that the dropsonde comprises a shell, a parachute, an ejection device and a collection device;

2. The multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle-based low-altitude dropsonde of claim 1, wherein the parachute comprises a parachute fabric, a toroidal coil, a line connection block, and an N +1 connection line;

3. The multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle-based low-altitude dropsonde of claim 1, wherein the collection device comprises an external battery, a collection circuit, a fixed table, and a power switch;

4. The low-altitude dropsonde based on a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 3, wherein a charging interface slot is further formed in the side wall of the lower cavity, and the charging module is embedded in the charging interface slot and connected with an external battery.

5. The multi-rotor drone-based low-altitude dropsonde of claim 3, wherein the acquisition circuit includes a GPS module, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and an air pressure sensor.

6. The multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle-based low-altitude dropsonde of claim 1, wherein the acquisition device further comprises a wireless transmission module for transmitting the acquired meteorological data to a ground-based receiving platform.

7. The low-altitude dropsonde based on a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the external battery is connected to the acquisition circuit through a voltage reduction and stabilization circuit; the voltage reduction and voltage stabilization circuit comprises an electrolytic capacitor, a forward low voltage reduction voltage stabilizer and a plurality of parallel capacitors which are connected in sequence; the electrolytic capacitor is used for stabilizing voltage and reducing noise of the external battery, the output voltage of the external battery is respectively reduced to 3.3V and 5V by the low-voltage-drop voltage stabilizer, and finally high-frequency and low-frequency interference processing is carried out by connecting the high-capacitance electrolytic capacitor and the low-capacitance ceramic chip capacitor in parallel.

8. The multi-rotor drone-based low-altitude dropsonde of claim 1, wherein the touch-control contacts of the dropsonde are connected to the touch-control contacts of the multi-rotor drone, and when the two are separated, the power-driven push rod is activated.