CN215299477U - Miniaturized low-pass microstrip 3dB coupler - Google Patents
Miniaturized low-pass microstrip 3dB coupler Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to the microwave radio frequency circuit field of relevance, concretely relates to miniaturized low pass microstrip 3dB coupler. The combination of two sections of transmission lines and a low-pass filter is used for replacing the original microstrip 3dB coupler, wherein the electrical length is 90 degrees, and the impedance is Z0The branch and the electrical length are 90 DEG, and the impedance is
And the branch knot is adopted, so that the miniaturization and low-pass function of the microstrip 3dB coupler are realized. The utility model discloses use distributed circuit to design, do not add lumped components and parts, effectively reduce the cost, reduce circuit area, be fit for the engineering application.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the microwave radio frequency circuit field of relevance, concretely relates to miniaturized low pass microstrip 3dB coupler.
Background
The microstrip 3dB coupler can divide the input signal of the input port into two output ports, the output signal power of the two output ports is the same, and the phase difference is 90 degrees; there is no signal output at the isolated port. The microstrip 3dB coupler is composed of two 90 DEG electrical lengths and Z impedance0(Z0Port impedance) of two electrical lengths of 90 DEG and an impedance of (Z)0Port impedance) are formed together. As the physical length of the branch with the electric length of 90 degrees realized by using the transmission line is increased along with the reduction of the working frequency band, when the microstrip 3dB coupler works in the frequency band range of less than 3GHz, the microstrip 3dB coupler has larger volume and is difficult to apply in practical engineering.
Meanwhile, the microstrip 3dB coupler is used as a passive device, has no inhibiting effect on stray frequency outside a pass band, including multiple harmonics and other stray, and cannot realize a low-pass function. In daily use, an extra low-pass filter module is usually required to be added to realize the low-pass function, and the size of the volume is further increased. In implementing the low-pass function, the suppression of spurious frequencies outside the passband needs to be considered, typically up to 20 dB.
Aiming at the problem that the microstrip 3dB coupler with the miniaturization and low-pass functions in the prior art can not be realized, an effective solution is not provided at present.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing a miniaturized low pass microstrip 3dB coupler solves the design problem that the compatible low pass function simultaneously of miniaturization can't be accomplished to microstrip 3dB coupler among the prior art, solves the engineering and uses a difficult problem.
In order to solve the technical problem, a miniaturized low-pass microstrip 3dB coupler is provided, which is characterized by comprising four ports, namely an input Port1, an isolation Port2, a first output Port3 and a second output Port4, wherein a first combined structure a (1) is arranged between the input Port1 and the second output Port4 and comprises a combined structure of two sections of transmission lines and a low-pass filter, and a first combined structure B (3) is arranged between the isolation Port2 and the third output Port3 and comprises a combined structure of two sections of transmission lines and a low-pass filter; the first combined structure A (1) is structurally identical to the first combined structure B (3); the electrical length of the first combined structure A (1) and the first combined structure B (3) is 90 degrees, and the port impedance is
A second combined structure A (2) is arranged between the input Port1 and the isolation Port2 and comprises two sections of transmission lines and a low-pass filter combined structure, and a second combined structure B (4) is arranged between the first output Port3 and the second output Port4 and comprises two sections of transmission lines and a low-pass filter combined structure; the second combined structure A (2) and the second combined structure B (4) are identical in structure; the electrical length of the second combined structure A (2) and the second combined structure B (4) is 90 degrees, and the port impedance is Z0(ii) a In the first combination structure A (1), the first combination structure B (3), the second combination structure A (2) and the second combination structure B (4), the electrical length of each section of transmission line is less than 20 degrees, the low-pass filter structure is composed of a coupling line and an open-circuit branch, and the low-pass frequency range is determined by the length of the microstrip line branch in the low-pass filter.
In one possible embodiment, in the first combined structure a (1) and the first combined structure B (3), the structure of the first combined structure a low-pass filter (13) and the structure of the first combined structure B low-pass filter (33) are based on a double-coupling line and an open line; wherein the first coupling line electrical length θ1＝3°， Z2e＝25Ω，Z1o100 Ω; second coupling line electrical length θ2＝20°，Z1e＝240Ω，Z2o75 Ω; branch node Z of open circuit380 Ω, electrical length θ355 °; equivalent electrical length theta of low-pass filters145 degrees; the two sections of transmission lines have the same electrical length and are all theta L122 DEG, characteristic impedance Z0(ii) a In the second combined structure A (2) and the second combined structure B (4), the structures of the low-pass filter (23) and the low-pass filter (43) of the second combined structure A and the second combined structure B are based on a double coupling line and an open line; wherein the first coupling line has a line length of θ'1＝2.8°，Z'1e＝40Ω，Z'1o120 Ω; second coupling line electric length theta'2＝23°， Z'2e＝210Ω，Z'2o68 Ω; branch node Z 'of open circuit'376 Ω, electrical length θ'363 °; equivalent electrical length of low-pass filter theta's152 °; the two transmission lines have the same electric length and are all theta'L119 DEG, characteristic impedance Z0。
In one possible embodiment, the input Port1 is connected to the left end of the first transmission line (11) of the first combination structure a in the first combination structure a (1), the right end of the first transmission line (11) of the first combination structure a is connected to the left lower end of the first coupling line of the first combination structure a low-pass filter (13) and the left upper end of the second coupling line of the first combination structure a low-pass filter (13), the lower end of the second coupling line of the first combination structure a low-pass filter (13) is connected to the open-circuit branch of the first combination structure a low-pass filter (13), the right lower end of the first coupling line of the first combination structure a low-pass filter (13) is connected to the right upper end of the second coupling line of the first combination structure a low-pass filter (13), meanwhile, the right end of the second transmission line (12) of the first combined structure A is connected with the left end of the second transmission line (12), and the right end of the second transmission line (12) of the first combined structure A is connected with a second output Port 4; the input Port1 is connected with the left end of a third transmission line (21) of a second combination structure A in a second combination structure A (2), the right end of the third transmission line (21) of the second combination structure A is connected with the left lower end of a first coupling line of a low-pass filter (23) of the second combination structure A and the left upper end of a second coupling line of a low-pass filter (23) of the second combination structure A, the lower end of the second coupling line of the low-pass filter (23) of the second combination structure A is connected with an open-circuit branch of the low-pass filter (23) of the second combination structure A, the right lower end of the first coupling line of the low-pass filter (23) of the second combination structure A is connected with the right upper end of the second coupling line of the low-pass filter (23) of the second combination structure A, meanwhile, the right end of the fourth transmission line (22) of the second combined structure A is connected with an isolation Port 2.
In a possible embodiment, the first output Port3 is connected to the right end of the second transmission line (32) of the first composite structure B (3), the left end of the first transmission line (31) of the first composite structure B is connected to the lower right end of the first coupling line of the first composite structure B low-pass filter (33) and the upper right end of the second coupling line of the first composite structure B low-pass filter (33), the lower end of the second coupling line of the first composite structure B low-pass filter (33) is connected to the open branch of the first composite structure B low-pass filter (33), the lower left end of the first coupling line of the first composite structure B low-pass filter (33) is connected to the upper left end of the second coupling line of the first composite structure B low-pass filter (33) and is connected to the right end of the first transmission line (31) of the first composite structure B, the left end of a first transmission line (31) of the first combined structure B is connected with an isolation Port 2; the first output Port3 is connected with the left end of the second combined structure B third transmission line (41) in the second combined structure B (4), the right end of the second combined structure B third transmission line (41) is connected with the left lower end of the first coupling line of the second combined structure B low-pass filter (43) and the left upper end of the second coupling line of the second combined structure B low-pass filter (43), the lower end of the second coupling line of the second combined structure B low-pass filter (43) is connected with the open-circuit branch of the second combined structure B low-pass filter (43), the right lower end of the first coupling line of the second combined structure B low-pass filter (43) is connected with the right upper end of the second coupling line of the second combined structure B low-pass filter (43), and the right end of the fourth transmission line (42) of the second combined structure B is connected with an isolation Port 2.
In one possible embodiment, the first output Port3 and the second output Port4 output signals with the same power and 90 ° phase difference; the isolated Port2 has no signal output.
In one possible embodiment, the input Port1, the isolation Port2, the first output Port3, and the second output Port4 are equally resistive.
The application provides that the combination of two sections of transmission lines and a low-pass filter replaces the original microstrip 3dB coupler, the electrical length is 90 degrees, and the impedance is Z0The branch and the electrical length are 90 DEG, and the impedance is
And the branch knot is adopted, so that the miniaturization and low-pass function of the microstrip 3dB coupler are realized. The scheme has the advantages that the low-pass filter is introduced, phase shift generated by the low-pass filter structure is utilized, impedance matching is realized by matching with the transmission line, and the two original branches with the electric length of 90 degrees can be effectively replaced. Due to the existence of the low-pass filter structure, the suppression of the frequency band outside the working frequency band can be realized, the low-pass function is realized, namely, a low-pass filter is connected in series at the rear end of the microstrip 3dB coupler, the integration of the design of the low-pass filter and the coupler is realized, and the application range is wider; due to the phase shift effect of the low-pass filter, the physical length of the novel branch is shorter than that of the original 90-degree branch. Because no special structure exists in the circuit, the complexity of the circuit is reduced by adopting a distributed branch structure. The novel coupler with the structure has the volume of 35% of the original volume, and meanwhile, in the stop band range, the suppression can reach more than 20dB, and a good filtering function is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates an equivalent circuit structure diagram of a wilkinson power divider according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 schematically illustrates an equivalent electrical length of 90 ° and a characteristic impedance of
Schematic representation of the mixed branches.
Fig. 3 schematically illustrates a low pass filter implemented in the present invention
Wherein:
1 is a first composite structure A;
3 is a first composite structure B;
2 is a second composite structure A;
4 is a second composite structure B;
11 is a first transmission line of a first combined structure A;
31 is a first composite structure B first transmission line;
12 is a first combined structure A and a second transmission line;
32 is a first combined structure B second transmission line;
21 is a third transmission line of a second combined structure A;
41 is a third transmission line of a second composite structure B;
22 is a fourth transmission line of the second composite structure a;
42 is a fourth transmission line of the second composite structure B;
13 is a first combined structure A low-pass filter;
33 is a first combined structure B low-pass filter;
23 is a second combined structure A low-pass filter;
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, and the design of the present invention can be defined by the usage scenarios of the claimed operating frequency point and the low pass filter.
The embodiment of the application provides a miniaturized low-pass microstrip 3dB coupler. The microstrip 3dB coupler has the advantages that the circuit volume is greatly reduced by adding the distributed low-pass filter structure under the condition that the performance of the original microstrip 3dB coupler is guaranteed, and the volume of the designed microstrip 3dB coupler is 35% of that of the microstrip 3dB coupler in the same frequency band. Meanwhile, due to the existence of the low-pass filter, an out-of-band stop band can be formed outside a pass working frequency point, and impurities outside the band can be generatedSuppression is performed in a scattered mode, and the stop band range is 2f0To 3f0In the range of (3), a replacement microstrip 3dB coupler is implemented in the actual circuit. The microstrip 3dB coupler provided in the embodiments of the present application is described in detail below.
The conventional microstrip 3dB coupler comprises two transmission line branches with 90-degree electrical length and impedance
Two transmission line branches with 90 degrees of electrical length and Z impedance0The branch node of (1). The combined structure of the first transmission line and the low-pass filter can replace transmission line branches with the electrical length of 90 degrees and the impedance of
The combined structure of the second transmission line and the low-pass filter can replace transmission line branches with the electrical length of 90 degrees and the impedance of Z0The branch node of (1). Wherein, the equivalent calculation formula of each branch of the low-pass filter is S of the low-pass filter11＝RS11+jXS11Wherein is
Wherein Ti is tan (θ i)
Determining frequency point f needing to work0Transmission of inhibitionZero point f2,f3,f4Thereafter, the second step can be performed by allowing S to stand11＝0,S22The size parameter of the low-pass filter is calculated as 0. After the size parameter is calculated, the phase shift theta of the low-pass filter can be obtained through simulations，The filter is shown in figure 2.
The electrical length theta of the transmission lineLCan be obtained from the equation (2) that the transmission line characteristic impedance is
θL＝(90°-θs)/2 (2)
Therefore, the branch of the microstrip 3dB coupler with the electrical length of 90 degrees can be replaced by a transmission line and low-pass filter combined structure, and impedance matching can be ensured. Due to the low-pass filter, the transmission zero f can be suppressed2，f3The frequency range of the formed stop band achieves the purpose of broadband stop band suppression.
Based on the above description, as shown in fig. 1-3, a miniaturized low-pass microstrip 3dB coupler includes four ports, which are respectively an input Port1, an isolation Port2, a first output Port3, and a second output Port4, wherein a first combination structure a (1) is disposed between the input Port1 and the second output Port4, and includes a two-segment transmission line and low-pass filter combination structure, and a first combination structure B (3) is disposed between the isolation Port2 and the third output Port3, and includes a two-segment transmission line and low-pass filter combination structure; the first combined structure A (1) is structurally identical to the first combined structure B (3); the electrical length of the first combined structure A (1) and the first combined structure B (3) is 90 degrees, and the port impedance is
A second combined structure A (2) is arranged between the input Port1 and the isolation Port2, the second combined structure A comprises two sections of transmission lines and a low-pass filter combined structure, and a second combined structure B (4) is arranged between the first output Port3 and the second output Port4, and the second combined structure A comprisesThe two sections of transmission lines and the low-pass filter are combined; the second combined structure A (2) and the second combined structure B (4) are identical in structure; the electrical length of the second combined structure A (2) and the second combined structure B (4) is 90 degrees, and the port impedance is Z0(ii) a In the first combination structure A (1), the first combination structure B (3), the second combination structure A (2) and the second combination structure B (4), the electrical length of each section of transmission line is less than 20 degrees, the low-pass filter structure is composed of a coupling line and an open-circuit branch, and the low-pass frequency range is determined by the length of the microstrip line branch in the low-pass filter.
In an embodiment, the low-pass filter structure is a dual coupled line and open line based structure. In the first combined structure A (1) and the first combined structure B (3), the structures of the first combined structure A low-pass filter (13) and the first combined structure B low-pass filter (33) are based on a double coupling line and an open line, wherein the electrical length theta of the first coupling line is equal to the electrical length theta1＝3°，Z1e＝25Ω，Z1o100 Ω; second coupling line electrical length θ2＝20°，Z2e＝240Ω，Z2o75 Ω; branch node Z of open circuit380 Ω, electrical length θ355 deg. is equal to. Equivalent electrical length theta of low-pass filters145 degrees; the transmission lines at both ends have the same electrical length, which is theta L122 DEG, characteristic impedance Z0。In the second combination structure A (2) and the second combination structure B (4), the second combination structure A low-pass filter (23) and the second combination structure B low-pass filter (43) are based on a double coupling line and an open line. Wherein the first coupling line has a line length of θ'1＝2.8°，Z'1e＝40 Ω，Z'1o120 Ω; second coupling line electric length theta'2＝23°，Z'2e＝210Ω，Z'2o68 Ω; branch node Z 'of open circuit'376 Ω, electrical length θ'363 deg.. Equivalent electrical length of low-pass filter theta's152 °; the two transmission lines have the same electric length and are all theta'L1At 19 DEG, characteristic impedance is
The input Port1 is connected with the left end of a first transmission line (11) of a first combination structure A in a first combination structure A (1), the right end of the first transmission line (11) of the first combination structure A is connected with the left lower end of a first coupling line of a low-pass filter (13) of the first combination structure A and the left upper end of a second coupling line of the low-pass filter (13) of the first combination structure A, the lower end of the second coupling line of the low-pass filter (13) of the first combination structure A is connected with an open-circuit branch of the low-pass filter (13) of the first combination structure A, the right lower end of the first coupling line of the low-pass filter (13) of the first combination structure A is connected with the right upper end of the second coupling line of the low-pass filter (13) of the first combination structure A, meanwhile, the right end of the second transmission line (12) of the first combined structure A is connected with the left end of the second transmission line (12), and the right end of the second transmission line (12) of the first combined structure A is connected with a second output Port 4; the input Port1 is connected with the left end of a third transmission line (21) of a second combination structure A in a second combination structure A (2), the right end of the third transmission line (21) of the second combination structure A is connected with the left lower end of a first coupling line of a low-pass filter (23) of the second combination structure A and the left upper end of a second coupling line of a low-pass filter (23) of the second combination structure A, the lower end of the second coupling line of the low-pass filter (23) of the second combination structure A is connected with an open-circuit branch of the low-pass filter (23) of the second combination structure A, the right lower end of the first coupling line of the low-pass filter (23) of the second combination structure A is connected with the right upper end of the second coupling line of the low-pass filter (23) of the second combination structure A, meanwhile, the right end of the fourth transmission line (22) of the second combined structure A is connected with an isolation Port 2;
the first output Port3 is connected with the right end of a second transmission line (32) of a first combination structure B in a first combination structure B (3), the left end of the first transmission line (31) of the first combination structure B is connected with the right lower end of a first coupling line of a low-pass filter (33) of the first combination structure B and the right upper end of a second coupling line of the low-pass filter (33) of the first combination structure B, the lower end of the second coupling line of the low-pass filter (33) of the first combination structure B is connected with an open-circuit branch of the low-pass filter (33) of the first combination structure B, the left lower end of the first coupling line of the low-pass filter (33) of the first combination structure B is connected with the left upper end of the second coupling line of the low-pass filter (33) of the first combination structure B, meanwhile, the right end of a first transmission line (31) of a first combined structure B is connected, and the left end of the first transmission line (31) of the first combined structure B is connected with an isolation Port 2; the first output Port3 is connected with the left end of the second combined structure B third transmission line (41) in the second combined structure B (4), the right end of the second combined structure B third transmission line (41) is connected with the left lower end of the first coupling line of the second combined structure B low-pass filter (43) and the left upper end of the second coupling line of the second combined structure B low-pass filter (43), the lower end of the second coupling line of the second combined structure B low-pass filter (43) is connected with the open-circuit branch of the second combined structure B low-pass filter (43), the right lower end of the first coupling line of the second combined structure B low-pass filter (43) is connected with the right upper end of the second coupling line of the second combined structure B low-pass filter (43), and the right end of the fourth transmission line (42) of the second combined structure B is connected with an isolation Port 2.
In the embodiment, the microstrip 3dB coupler adopts a combined structure of a transmission line and a low-pass filter, and the working frequency point is 1.575 GHz. The low-pass filter structure can realize the suppression of signals with the frequency of 2.5GHz-5GHz, and the physical length can be shortened to 50% of that of pure transmission line branches due to the phase shifting effect of the low-pass filter. Due to the sufficient use of the low-pass filter, the suppression degree can reach more than 20dB in the stop band range, and the engineering practice requirements are met.
The working frequency and the stop band range are selected for use as engineering examples in the above design, and the utility model discloses do not restrict when the design. For microwave radio frequency workers, working frequency points can be selected according to actual conditions, and the stop band range of the low-pass filter is determined through calculation. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A miniaturized low-pass microstrip 3dB coupler is characterized by comprising four ports, namely an input Port1, an isolation Port2, a first output Port3 and a second output PortA first combined structure A (1) is arranged between the input Port1 and the second output Port4 and comprises two sections of transmission lines and a low-pass filter combined structure; a first combined structure B (3) is arranged between the isolation Port2 and the third output Port3 and comprises two sections of transmission lines and a low-pass filter combined structure; the first combined structure A (1) is structurally identical to the first combined structure B (3); the electrical length of the first combined structure A (1) and the first combined structure B (3) is 90 degrees, and the port impedance is
A second combined structure A (2) is arranged between the input Port1 and the isolation Port2 and comprises two sections of transmission lines and a low-pass filter combined structure, and a second combined structure B (4) is arranged between the first output Port3 and the second output Port4 and comprises two sections of transmission lines and a low-pass filter combined structure; the second combined structure A (2) and the second combined structure B (4) are identical in structure; the electrical length of the second combined structure A (2) and the second combined structure B (4) is 90 degrees, and the port impedance is Z0(ii) a In the first combination structure A (1), the first combination structure B (3), the second combination structure A (2) and the second combination structure B (4), the electrical length of each section of transmission line is less than 20 degrees, the low-pass filter structure is composed of a coupling line and an open-circuit branch, and the low-pass frequency range is determined by the length of the microstrip line branch in the low-pass filter.
2. The miniaturized low-pass microstrip 3dB coupler of claim 1 wherein, in the first combined structure A (1) and the first combined structure B (3), the low-pass filter structure is based on a double-coupled line and an open-circuit line; wherein the first coupling line electrical length θ1＝3°，Z1e＝25Ω，Z1o100 Ω; second coupling line electrical length θ2＝20°，Z2e＝240Ω，Z2o75 Ω; branch node Z of open circuit380 Ω, electrical length θ355 °; equivalent electrical length theta of low-pass filters145 degrees; the two sections of transmission lines have the same electrical length and are all thetaL122 DEG, characteristic impedance Z0(ii) a In the second combined structure A (2) and the second combined structure B (4), the low-pass filter structure is based on a double coupling line and an open circuit line; wherein the first coupling line has a line length of θ'1＝2.8°，Z'1e＝40Ω，Z'1o120 Ω; second coupling line electric length theta'2＝23°，Z'2e＝210Ω，Z'2o68 Ω; branch node Z 'of open circuit'376 Ω, electrical length θ'363 °; equivalent electrical length of low-pass filter theta's152 °; the two transmission lines have the same electric length and are all theta'L119 DEG, characteristic impedance Z0。
3. The miniaturized low-pass microstrip 3dB coupler according to claim 1, wherein the input Port1 is connected to the left end of a first transmission line (11) of a first combination A (1), the right end of the first transmission line (11) of the first combination A is connected to the left lower end of a first coupling line and the left upper end of a second coupling line, the lower end of the second coupling line is connected to the first open-circuit branch section, the right lower end of the first coupling line is connected to the right upper end of the second coupling line, and is connected to the left end of a second transmission line (12) of the first combination A, and the right end of the second transmission line (12) of the first combination A is connected to the second output Port 4; the input Port1 is connected with the left end of a second combined structure A third transmission line (21) in a second combined structure A (2), the right end of the second combined structure A third transmission line (21) is connected with the left lower end of a first coupling line and the left upper end of a second coupling line, the lower end of the second coupling line is connected with a first open-circuit branch, the right lower end of the first coupling line is connected with the right upper end of the second coupling line, and is simultaneously connected with the left end of a second combined structure A fourth transmission line (22), and the right end of the second combined structure A fourth transmission line (22) is connected with the isolation Port 2.
4. The miniaturized low-pass microstrip 3dB coupler according to claim 1, wherein the first output Port3 is connected with the right end of a second transmission line (32) of a first composite structure B (3), the left end of the first transmission line (31) of the first composite structure B is connected with the right lower end of a first coupling line and the right upper end of the second coupling line, the lower end of the second coupling line is connected with the first open-circuit branch section, the left lower end of the first coupling line is connected with the left upper end of the second coupling line and is simultaneously connected with the right end of the first transmission line (31) of the first composite structure B, and the left end of the first transmission line (31) of the first composite structure B is connected with an isolation Port 2; the first output Port3 is connected with the left end of a second combined structure B third transmission line (41) in a second combined structure B (4), the right end of the second combined structure B third transmission line (41) is connected with the left lower end of a first coupling line and the left upper end of a second coupling line, the lower end of the second coupling line is connected with a first open-circuit branch section, the right lower end of the first coupling line is connected with the right upper end of the second coupling line, and is simultaneously connected with the left end of a second combined structure B fourth transmission line (42), and the right end of the second combined structure B fourth transmission line (42) is connected with an isolation Port 2.
5. The miniaturized, low-pass, microstrip 3dB coupler of claim 1 wherein the first output Port3 and the second output Port4 output signals of equal power and 90 ° out of phase; the isolated Port2 has no signal output.
6. The miniaturized low-pass microstrip 3dB coupler of claim 1 wherein the input Port1, isolation Port2, first output Port3 and second output Port4 are of equal impedance.
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