CN215118960U

CN215118960U - Vehicle fuel cell system

Info

Publication number: CN215118960U
Application number: CN202121096438.6U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韩洪豹; 张晓艳
Original assignee: Great Wall Motor Co Ltd
Current assignee: Great Wall Motor Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-05-21
Filing date: 2021-05-21
Publication date: 2021-12-10
Anticipated expiration: 2031-05-21

Abstract

The utility model provides a vehicle fuel cell system, on overall structure, it is including carrying the fuel cell on the vehicle to and the air feed branch road, hydrogen air feed branch road and the exhaust emission branch road that link to each other with fuel cell. The hydrogen gas supply branch is internally provided with a hydrogen heater, the hydrogen heater is internally provided with a hydrogen flowing passage and a heating passage which can conduct heat conduction with the hydrogen flowing passage, and two ends of the heating passage are connected in parallel on the waste gas discharge branch. Vehicle fuel cell system, through set up in the hydrogen heater and carry out heat-conduction heating path between the route with hydrogen flow through to connect in parallel on exhaust emission branch road with the both ends of heating path, can realize utilizing the waste gas after the fuel cell reaction to carry out the purpose that heats to hydrogen, reduced the energy loss of vehicle.

Description

Vehicle fuel cell system

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a fuel cell technical field, in particular to vehicle fuel cell system.

Background

A proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts chemical energy stored in fuel into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is in use, hydrogen and oxygen are continuously input to the anode side and the cathode side, and electric energy can be continuously output outwards through oxidation-reduction reaction. And the hydrogen circulation system continuously provides high-purity hydrogen with certain pressure and flow for the fuel cell in the working process of the fuel cell so as to ensure the normal operation of the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell.

Because the pressure of the hydrogen in the hydrogen tank is very high, generally 70MPa, and the temperature is normal temperature, in the process of conveying the hydrogen to the fuel cell, multistage decompression is needed to reduce the pressure of the hydrogen to about 2 bar; at this time, during the hydrogen transportation process, the hydrogen performs work externally, and needs to absorb the heat around to keep the temperature unchanged. However, in the practical application of the hydrogen circulation system, the hydrogen cannot absorb enough heat to maintain the temperature during the transportation process, and a heat exchanger is often required to be additionally arranged in the system to heat the hydrogen.

The heat exchanger in the existing fuel cell system mainly adopts PTC (PTC generally refers to positive temperature coefficient thermistor, for short PTC thermistor) to heat the cooling liquid, and heats the hydrogen through the cooling liquid, and the heating mode can generate redundant energy consumption, thereby affecting the economy of the whole vehicle.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In view of this, the present invention provides a fuel cell system for a vehicle, which heats hydrogen gas by using the exhaust gas generated by the reaction of the fuel cell, thereby reducing the energy loss of the vehicle.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the utility model is realized like this:

a vehicle fuel cell system includes a fuel cell mounted on a vehicle, and an air supply branch, a hydrogen supply branch, and an exhaust gas discharge branch connected to the fuel cell; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

a hydrogen heater is arranged in the hydrogen supply branch;

the hydrogen heater is provided with a hydrogen flowing passage and a heating passage which can conduct heat with the hydrogen flowing passage;

and two ends of the heating passage are connected in parallel to the exhaust emission branch.

Further, an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler and a humidifier are sequentially arranged in the air supply branch, and the humidifier is connected with the fuel cell; the hydrogen supply branch is sequentially provided with a hydrogen tank, a pressure reducing valve, the hydrogen heater and an ejector, and the ejector is connected with the fuel cell; and a water separation device and a silencer are sequentially arranged in the waste gas discharge branch, and the water separation device is connected with the fuel cell.

Further, the water separation device is connected with the fuel cell through the humidifier.

Further, an air bypass pipeline is connected between the air supply branch and the waste gas discharge branch; one end of the air bypass pipeline is connected to the downstream of the intercooler, and the other end of the air bypass pipeline is connected to the upstream of the water separation device; and an air bypass valve is arranged on the air bypass pipeline.

Furthermore, a drain valve is arranged at a drain outlet of the water separation device.

Further, a water separator is connected in parallel between the fuel cell and the ejector; the gas outlet of the water separator is connected with the ejector, and the ejector is connected with the waste gas discharge branch through a nitrogen discharge valve; and the water outlet of the water separator is connected with the waste gas discharge branch and connected to the upstream of the water separator.

Further, two connection points of the hydrogen heater and the exhaust gas discharge branch are located between the water separation device and the muffler.

Furthermore, a control valve is arranged on the waste gas discharge branch; the control valve is located between two connection points of the hydrogen heater and the exhaust gas discharge branch.

Further, a hydrogen pipe and an exhaust branch pipe are arranged in the hydrogen heater; the hydrogen gas flow passage is formed in the hydrogen pipe, and the heating passage is formed in the exhaust gas branch pipe; the exhaust branch pipe is partially nested in the hydrogen pipe, or the hydrogen pipe is partially nested in the exhaust branch pipe.

Further, an aluminum pipe is adopted on the inner side of the hydrogen pipe and the waste gas branch pipe which are nested; the inlet of the hydrogen pipe and the outlet of the waste gas branch pipe are located at the same end, and the outlet of the hydrogen pipe and the inlet of the waste gas branch pipe are located at the same end.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following advantage has:

vehicle fuel cell system, through set up in the hydrogen heater and carry out heat-conduction heating path between the route with hydrogen flow through to connect in parallel on exhaust emission branch road with the both ends of heating path, heat hydrogen with the waste gas after the usable fuel cell reaction, and then reduce the energy loss of vehicle, thereby promote the economic nature of whole car.

In addition, the waste gas branch pipe part in the hydrogen heater is nested in the hydrogen pipe, or the hydrogen pipe part is nested in the waste gas branch pipe, so that the heat exchange efficiency between the waste gas and the hydrogen can be improved. And the inlet of the hydrogen pipe and the outlet of the waste gas branch pipe are positioned at the same end, and the outlet of the hydrogen pipe and the inlet of the waste gas branch pipe are positioned at the same end, so that a reverse heating structure can be formed, and the heat exchange efficiency between the waste gas and the hydrogen is further improved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without undue limitation. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a hydrogen pipe and an exhaust branch pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;

description of reference numerals:

1. an air cleaner; 2. an air compressor; 3. an intercooler; 4. a humidifier; 5. a fuel cell; 6. an air bypass valve; 7. a water separation device; 8. a muffler; 9. a drain valve; 10. a hydrogen tank; 11. a pressure reducing valve; 12. a hydrogen heater; 1201. a hydrogen pipe; 12011. an outlet of the hydrogen pipe; 12012. an inlet of a hydrogen pipe; 1202. an exhaust gas branch pipe; 12021. an inlet of the exhaust manifold; 12022. an outlet of the exhaust gas branch pipe; 13. an ejector; 14. a water separator; 15. a nitrogen discharge valve.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that, in the present invention, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, if terms indicating orientation or positional relationship such as "upper", "lower", "inner", "back", etc. appear, they are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In addition, in the description of the present invention, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connecting" are to be construed broadly unless otherwise specifically limited. For example, the connection can be fixed, detachable or integrated; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. To those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in combination with the specific situation.

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.

The present embodiment relates to a vehicle fuel cell system that includes, in an integrated structure, a fuel cell 5 mounted on a vehicle, and an air supply branch, a hydrogen supply branch, and an exhaust gas discharge branch that are connected to the fuel cell 5. Wherein, the hydrogen gas supply branch is provided with a hydrogen heater 12, the hydrogen heater 12 is provided with a hydrogen flowing channel and a heating channel which can conduct heat with the hydrogen flowing channel, and two ends of the heating channel are connected in parallel on the waste gas discharge branch.

Based on the above design idea, an exemplary structure of the vehicular fuel cell system of the present embodiment is shown in fig. 1 to 2, and as described above, the vehicular fuel cell system includes the fuel cell 5 mounted on the vehicle, and the air supply branch, the hydrogen supply branch, and the exhaust gas discharge branch connected to the fuel cell 5 in an integrated structure. Wherein, the hydrogen gas supply branch is provided with a hydrogen heater 12, the hydrogen heater 12 is provided with a hydrogen flowing channel and a heating channel which can conduct heat with the hydrogen flowing channel, and two ends of the heating channel are connected in parallel on the waste gas discharge branch.

It is to be noted that, for the sake of distinction, the flow direction of the air supply branch in the present embodiment is shown by a solid line in fig. 1, the flow direction of the hydrogen supply branch is shown by a broken line in fig. 1, and the flow direction of the off-gas discharge branch is shown by a dashed-dotted line in fig. 1.

As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, an air cleaner 1, an air compressor 2, an intercooler 3, and a humidifier 4 are provided in the air supply branch in this order, and the humidifier 4 is connected to a fuel cell 5. The hydrogen supply branch is sequentially provided with a hydrogen tank 10, a pressure reducing valve 11, a hydrogen heater 12 and an ejector 13, and the ejector 13 is connected with the fuel cell 5. And a water separation device 7 and a muffler 8 are sequentially arranged in the exhaust gas discharge branch, and the water separation device 7 is connected with the fuel cell 5.

In a specific structure, as also shown in fig. 1, the water separation device 7 of the present embodiment is connected to the fuel cell 5 through the humidifier 4. Meanwhile, an air bypass line is connected between the air supply branch and the exhaust gas discharge branch of the present embodiment, and one end of the air bypass line is connected to the downstream of the intercooler 3, and the other end is connected to the upstream of the water separation device 7. An air bypass valve 6 is provided on the air bypass line.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a drain valve 9 is provided in the drain port of the water separator 7. A water separator 14 is connected in parallel between the fuel cell 5 and the ejector 13, the air outlet of the water separator 14 is connected with the ejector 13, and the ejector 13 is connected with the waste gas discharge branch through a nitrogen discharge valve 15. Meanwhile, the water outlet of the water separator 14 is connected to the exhaust gas discharge branch and connected to the upstream of the water separator 7.

With continued reference to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the two connection points of the hydrogen heater 12 to the exhaust gas discharge branch are located between the water separating device 7 and the muffler 8. As a further arrangement, a control valve is provided on the exhaust gas discharge branch, and the control valve is located between two connection points of the hydrogen heater 12 and the exhaust gas discharge branch, so as to control the flow rate of the exhaust gas flowing through the hydrogen heater 12.

It should be noted that the control valve mentioned here is not shown in the drawings, and a conventional gas control valve is preferably used.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the hydrogen heater 12 is also provided with a hydrogen pipe 1201 and an exhaust branch pipe 1202 as a preferred embodiment. In particular implementations, hydrogen flow paths are formed in hydrogen manifold 1201 and heating paths are formed in exhaust manifold 1202. Further, the exhaust branch pipe 1202 is partially nested in the hydrogen pipe 1201, or the hydrogen pipe 1201 is partially nested in the exhaust branch pipe 1202, so that the heat exchange efficiency between the exhaust gas and the hydrogen gas can be improved. Of course, only a structural illustration in which hydrogen manifold 1201 is partially nested within exhaust manifold 1202 is shown in FIG. 2.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, an aluminum pipe is preferably used as the inner side of the hydrogen pipe 1201 and the exhaust branch pipe 1202 which are nested. Meanwhile, the inlet 12012 of the hydrogen pipe and the outlet 12022 of the exhaust branch pipe are located at the same end, and the outlet 12011 of the hydrogen pipe and the inlet 12021 of the exhaust branch pipe are located at the same end, so that a counter heating structure can be formed, thereby further improving the heat exchange efficiency between the exhaust gas and the hydrogen gas.

It is to be noted that the aluminum pipe described herein is generally employed as an aluminum pipe having excellent high pressure resistance and heat conductivity, such as an aluminum-plastic pipe. Further, arrows in fig. 2 indicate the gas flow directions in the hydrogen pipe 1201 and the exhaust branch pipe 1202, respectively. In addition, the above-mentioned structures can be implemented by adopting the conventional structure in the field of vehicle fuel cells in the prior art.

When the vehicle fuel cell system is used, air enters the fuel cell 5 to react after being filtered by the air filter 1, pressurized by the air compressor 2, cooled by the intercooler 3 and humidified by the humidifier 4, and the reacted air carries a large amount of water vapor, on one hand, the air entering the fuel cell 5 is humidified by the humidifier 4, on the other hand, water separation is performed by the water separation device 7, the treated water is stored in the water separation device 7, and when the water amount reaches a certain degree, the drain valve 9 in the water separation device 7 is opened, and the stored separated water is intensively discharged.

The exhaust gas after the water separation treatment is sent to two different flow paths, respectively, the exhaust gas of one flow path is discharged to the atmosphere through the muffler 8, the exhaust gas of the other flow path passes through the heating path to heat the hydrogen gas passing through the hydrogen heater 12, and the treated hydrogen gas is discharged to the atmosphere through the muffler 8.

Meanwhile, the high-pressure hydrogen stored in the hydrogen tank 10 is depressurized by the pressure reducing valve 11 and heated by the hydrogen heater 12, and then injected into the cell stack by the injector 13. And the reacted hydrogen enters the water separator 14 for water separation treatment, and then is sent to the ejector 13 again, and is sprayed into the galvanic pile again through the ejector 13, so that the hydrogen is recycled. When the nitrogen gas in the fuel cell 5 is accumulated to a certain degree, the nitrogen gas is discharged to the exhaust branch through the ejector 13 and the nitrogen discharge valve 15, and is discharged to the atmosphere after being treated by the water separation device 7 and the muffler 8.

The vehicle fuel cell system of this embodiment carries out heat-conducting heating route through set up in hydrogen heater 12 and hydrogen flow through between the route to on being connected in parallel in the exhaust emission branch road with the both ends of heating route, with the waste gas after usable fuel cell 5 reaction heats hydrogen, and then reduces the energy loss of vehicle, thereby promotes the economic nature of whole car.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vehicle fuel cell system characterized in that: the device comprises a fuel cell (5) mounted on a vehicle, and an air supply branch, a hydrogen supply branch and an exhaust gas discharge branch which are connected with the fuel cell (5); wherein the content of the first and second substances,

a hydrogen heater (12) is arranged in the hydrogen supply branch;

the hydrogen heater (12) is provided with a hydrogen flowing passage and a heating passage which can conduct heat with the hydrogen flowing passage;

2. The vehicle fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that:

an air filter (1), an air compressor (2), an intercooler (3) and a humidifier (4) are sequentially arranged in the air supply branch, and the humidifier (4) is connected with the fuel cell (5);

a hydrogen tank (10), a pressure reducing valve (11), the hydrogen heater (12) and an ejector (13) are sequentially arranged in the hydrogen gas supply branch, and the ejector (13) is connected with the fuel cell (5);

and a water separation device (7) and a silencer (8) are sequentially arranged in the waste gas discharge branch, and the water separation device (7) is connected with the fuel cell (5).

3. The vehicle fuel cell system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the water separation device (7) is connected with the fuel cell (5) through the humidifier (4).

4. The vehicle fuel cell system according to claim 2, characterized in that:

an air bypass pipeline is connected between the air supply branch and the waste gas discharge branch;

one end of the air bypass pipeline is connected to the downstream of the intercooler (3), and the other end of the air bypass pipeline is connected to the upstream of the water separation device (7);

an air bypass valve (6) is arranged on the air bypass pipeline.

5. The vehicle fuel cell system according to claim 2, characterized in that: and a drain valve (9) is arranged at a drain outlet of the water separation device (7).

6. The vehicle fuel cell system according to claim 2, characterized in that:

a water separator (14) is connected in parallel between the fuel cell (5) and the ejector (13);

the air outlet of the water separator (14) is connected with the ejector (13), and the ejector (13) is connected with the waste gas discharge branch through a nitrogen discharge valve (15);

the water outlet of the water separator (14) is connected with the waste gas discharge branch and is connected with the upstream of the water separator (7).

7. The vehicle fuel cell system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the two connection points of the hydrogen heater (12) to the exhaust gas discharge branch are located between the water separation device (7) and the muffler (8).

8. The vehicle fuel cell system according to claim 7, characterized in that:

a control valve is arranged on the waste gas discharge branch;

the control valve is located between the two connection points of the hydrogen heater (12) and the exhaust gas discharge branch.

9. The vehicular fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that:

a hydrogen pipe (1201) and an exhaust branch pipe (1202) are arranged in the hydrogen heater (12);

the hydrogen gas flow passage is formed in the hydrogen pipe (1201), and the heating passage is formed in the exhaust branch pipe (1202);

the exhaust branch pipe (1202) is partially nested in the hydrogen pipe (1201), or the hydrogen pipe (1201) is partially nested in the exhaust branch pipe (1202).

10. The vehicle fuel cell system according to claim 9, characterized in that:

an aluminum pipe is adopted on the inner side of the hydrogen pipe (1201) and the exhaust branch pipe (1202) which are arranged in a nested manner;

the inlet (12012) of the hydrogen pipe and the outlet (12022) of the exhaust branch pipe are located at the same end, and the outlet (12011) of the hydrogen pipe and the inlet (12021) of the exhaust branch pipe are located at the same end.