CN2149051Y - Battery charging apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a battery charging apparatus. The input end of the battery charging apparatus is connected with the output end of the direct-current power supply of a moving electric power. The battery charging apparatus comprises the stationary flow device of a thermistor which has positive temperature coefficient, and the thermistor connects with the direct-current power supply and outputs charge current; a connecting device is arranged, and an electric connector is connected in series with the stationary flow device; a load circuit is used for loading an article (such as a battery) needing to be charged a coupling head matched with the electric connector is used for causing the load circuit to connect or separate the electric connector. A temperature switch connected in series with the electric connector is set with definite temperature. After the article needing to be charged is fully charged, temperature rises to a preset temperature, and the switch is cut off.

Description

Battery charging apparatus

The utility model system is about a kind of battery charger, and various battery can be mated about a kind of in special system, can be connected to the charging of automobile point cigarette end when going out, in indoor then switchable power supply unit, and precise control and charging battery charger easily and fast.

General Portable equipment is as radio telephone, V8 video camera, notebook computer, intercom ... Deng, usually all use the rechargeable type battery, to continue the supply of electric power of outdoor use.Yet charger commonly used but can't provide quick and effective charging effect as " air-supply ", in the known charge design:

1. the multicomponent planning design of dynamically charging, the charging of traditional notebook type computer battery still rests on indoor charging modes, yet after using chance and service time to heighten out of doors, seem especially important of portable charging modes, generally speaking, use has portable electric power source (as automobile, truck, boats and ships ... Deng) power source conversion charge, be inevitable feasible key element, but automobile power source utmost point unstability, and halfway is parked, and the time can be not oversize on car, therefore the voltage stabilizing and the technology of filling soon are the key of supply in the car, and designing technique and experience matching battery characteristic are the key element of success or failure.

Again, for example the police uses the wireless telecommunications intercom that one convenience must be arranged and carries out charging modes apace, if when the police drives to follow the trail of the suspect, is the safety of protection police own, must understand this police's situation often with intercom, and this suspect's sound; But often long-time one the tunnel with prison, follow the trail of under, the used power supply of this intercom exhausts already gradually, again can't car in supply, quick charge, communication contact can't be continued, and the police is given up halfway, the result makes and wholely arrests action and fail to build a mound for want of one final basket of earth.

2. knownly substitute DC power supply with pulse current charge, can improve 15 to 20% charging saturation and efficient approximately, this pulse frequency and fast charging type battery mate, yet under heavy current (21C to 40C), there is the danger of the hot or blast of the battery of making in regular meeting.

3. do not have under the standardized situation in battery pack, charger, voltage transitions, each user is because of the specification difference, must prepare battery pack that several can't the phase trans-substitution and various charger and perplex and can't bear, when battery uses up need recharge, can just buy the battery of compatible specification to that tame shop? also can't predict, so consistency problem will cause the sale monopoly monopolization of manufacturer, and the unhelpful waste of social cost.

4. automobile power source is the power supply of instability extremely, be when starting on using by VG power supply (car generator), be VB voltage (storage battery) when not generating electricity, and with the LF(cooling fan)+LS(rain brush motor)+the big lampet of LL(, indicator, fog lamp)+the LC(demist)+the LCL(cooling fan)+the LCT(cigar lighter)+the LI(igniting)+... very easily produce boosting or step-down of instability when waiting each load to use; See it with regard to cell voltage again, see also shown in Figure 1ly, wherein final discharging voltage is 1.1V; Operating voltage is 1.2V; And saturation voltage is 1.45V.So with the different qualities of each plate, the property difference of each model size capacity difference, fast charging type is all different with trickle charge type charging voltage curve numerical value, and the voltage that above-listed each mainly put is standard reference data only also, is not the real data of each battery; Even if with normal data, in case the battery of 6 series connection when charging as load, the change in voltage of itself is 8.7V-6 * 1.1=2.1V.The effective power supply of Vcc (if setting it with 12V-15V) then has the gap of 3V, be total up to ± 3V ± 2.1V=± 5.1V, then very big and minimum difference is 10.2V, and this is to battery (low internal impedance=10-30m Ω), and its magnitude of voltage almost has the unstable oscillation drop of several times.

In view of this, this creator can't satisfy various battery based on present charger, also can't fill the shortcoming of supply soon, and ardent day by day at battery applications, and throw oneself into research and design, in line with the spirit of keeping on improving, puzzle out, worked out a kind of battery charger finally.

The main purpose of the utility model ties up in a kind of battery charger is provided, and it is applicable to the charging modes of big electric current.

Another purpose of the utility model ties up in a kind of battery charger is provided, and reaches (on the car) supply as the mobile electric power source of " air-supply " efficient, gives cell safety, charging effect fast and effectively.

A purpose again of the utility model ties up in a kind of battery charger device is provided, and can mate various battery, solve can not be compatible between known batteries and charger etc. problem.

Therefore, the utility model battery charger; System adopts a kind of thermistor (Posistor), and its electrical property of mat reaches the purpose of power supply voltage stabilizing; And utilize the thermistor of the different resistances of array parallel with one another, and and be controlled under the critical temperature of every group of thermistor, make direct current each thermistor of flowing through in regular turn, and do not make under the hot and blast of battery, reach with the dynamic quick charge of staged pulse.

Fig. 1 is the utility model battery charger, wherein the circuit diagram of first embodiment.

Fig. 2 is the utility model battery charger, wherein the impedance of thermistor-temperature characterisitic schematic diagram.

Fig. 3 is the utility model battery charger, wherein the voltage-current characteristic schematic diagram of thermistor.

Fig. 4 is the utility model battery charger, wherein the current-time characteristic schematic diagram of thermistor.

Fig. 5 is the utility model battery charger, wherein thermistor in the loop with the voltage-current characteristic schematic diagram of load curve.

Fig. 6 is the utility model battery charger, wherein the circuit diagram of second embodiment.

Fig. 7 is the power supply clock pulse figure during quick charge among Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is the power supply clock pulse figure when charging at a slow speed among Fig. 6.

Fig. 9 is the utility model battery charger, and wherein another uses the actual and theoretical clock pulse figure of power supply of multistage staged pulse current charge.

Figure 10 is the utility model battery charger, wherein the circuit diagram of the 3rd embodiment.

See also shown in Figure 1ly, be first embodiment of the utility model battery charger, comprise a flow restricter 1 one constant current devices (PTC) 2, a temperature detect switch (TDS) 3 and a load 4(that is article to be charged); Wherein, this flow restricter 1 is the direction that is used to limit current flowing; This constant current device (PTC) 2 is connected with aforementioned flow restricter 1, mainly include the thermistor (Posistor) 20 of a positive temperature coefficient, the characteristic of relevant this thermistor 20, see also shown in Fig. 2 to 4, wherein Figure 2 shows that the impedance of this thermistor 20 and the relation of temperature, when thermistor 20 temperature rose to a critical temperature, resistance promptly sharply rose, unusual Ohmic resistance be that the impedance of this thermistor 20 all remains on the definite value state below above-mentioned critical temperature; Shown in Figure 3 then is that a voltage is when being added to above-mentioned thermistor 20, these thermistor 20 inside will generate heat gradually, when heating and heat radiation were a certain poised state, the static relation of the voltage that adds and its stabling current that produces was the family of functions of a spike shape linear correlation; Fig. 4 then is with in the time that dynamic observes above-mentioned situation, electric current and time relation when the heating in this thermistor 20 and its heat radiation are not poised state as yet, and it also has the relation of big electric current of initial stage and rapid and continuous decay current; Moreover above-mentioned temperature detect switch (TDS) 3 is to be connected with aforementioned constant current device (PTC) 2, utilizes the height of above-mentioned load 4 charging back temperature and controls it and open and shut off.

See also again and Figure 5 shows that above-mentioned flow restricter 1, constant current device (PTC) 2, temperature detect switch (TDS) 3 and load 4 constitute the dynamic load curve chart in loop, wherein Fig. 5 (1) expression load curve just often; Load curve when Fig. 5 (2) expression is unusual; The curve of Fig. 5 (3) indication then fasten state shown in Figure 3, when thermistor 20 inner heats and heat radiation are a poised state, the static relation that the voltage that adds is current generated with it.By Fig. 5 (3) thermistor 20 and characteristic, make the power work of the normal input of Fig. 5 (1) at A point stabling current, and the power work that makes the unusual input of Fig. 5 (2) is on B point stabling current, be adjusted to stable electric current for charging with electric current with outside instability, and the voltage coordinate system in Fig. 5 is unit of measurement with Log, so the voltage phase difference between above-mentioned A point and B point is very big, anticipate promptly: the change in voltage that can accept is very wide, and obtains very stable electric current output.

The charging structure of above-mentioned first embodiment, its advantage ties up to the constant impedance characteristic by thermistor 20, and a constant charge electric current is provided, and exempts from destruction to protect battery to be charged; And mat is as above constructed, the instrument that is used can be set the charging device of the utility model, can make this instrument directly be connected charging with storage battery, and needn't be installed in the charger, make it quite convenient in use, and it can directly be connected charging with the storage battery of the vehicles such as automobile, steamer carrying when going out.Above-mentioned structure no doubt will be promoted many than known charger on effect; But still existing can't be with big electric current quick charge, and when thermistor 20 temperature rise to a critical temperature, resistance promptly sharply rises, and causes shortcomings such as the rapid and continuity decay of supply of current.

See also shown in Figure 6 again, second embodiment for the utility model battery charger, comprise a controlling organization 5, a connector device 6, a constant current mechanism 7, an and oscillation switch mechanism 8, wherein this controlling organization 5 comprises a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) 50 substantially, the anode A system of this silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) 50 is connected its an anode A resistance R 1 in parallel with gate pole G and a switch SW with power supply B+; Anode A one first thermistor P1 in parallel, resistance R 2 and diode D1 with negative electrode K; And a gate pole G resistance R 3 in parallel with negative electrode K.This jockey 6 more comprises an electric connector 60 and a loaded line 61, this electric connector 60 is the negative electrode K of the above-mentioned silicon controlled rectifier of serial connection (SCR) 50, so that external this loaded line 61, this circuit 61 is load one article to be charged (as battery) 62, and have one with the connector 63 of aforementioned electric connector 60 mutual configurations so that this loaded line 61 is connected or is separated this electric connector 60; In addition, on this loaded line 61, more be connected in series a temperature switch 64, to be set in uniform temperature, above-mentioned article to be charged 62 electric power are full of after, when temperature rises to design temperature, then auto-cutout.This constant current mechanism 7 is connected in series with above-mentioned electric connector 60, one first constant current device 70 that comprises and one second constant current device 71, and this two constant currents device 70,71 is parallel with one another, and this first constant current device 70 more comprises the second thermistor P2 and the 3rd thermistor P3 of parallel connection; And the second constant current device 71 more comprises the 4th thermistor P4 and the 5th thermistor P5 of parallel connection.And 8 in oscillation switch mechanism comprises oscillator 80 substantially; First electronic switch 81 more comprises transistor Q1 and diode D2; And second electronic switch 82, more comprise transistor Q2 and diode D3, this oscillation switch mechanism 8 is connected in series with the above-mentioned first constant current device 70 by first electronic switch 81, and be connected in series with the above-mentioned second constant current device 71 by second electronic switch 82, and the input of this oscillator 80 connects above-mentioned power supply B+, output is connected to the base stage of above-mentioned transistor Q1, Q2, and is connected with power supply B-by the emitter of this transistor Q1, Q2.

As above-mentioned structure, when the user wants with big electric current quick charge, make its connection as long as press switch SW, then power supply B+ is this silicon controlled rectifier 50 of conducting, and provide big electric current flow through above-mentioned jockey 6, constant current mechanism 7 and oscillation switch mechanism 8, and constitute a loop.

Yet with above-mentioned first embodiment, the electric current heating of thermistor more greatly is faster, so utilize this thermistor in parallel to increase area of dissipation in the present embodiment; Again, because when thermistor temp rises to a critical temperature, resistance promptly sharply rises, easily cause the rapid and continuity decay of supply of current, so, utilize two groups of thermistors in the present embodiment and cooperate oscillator and electronic switch, when making heating when one group of thermistor near its critical temperature, oscillator promptly produces vibration, and electric current is caused on another group thermistor to continue charging; Again, for increasing the speed of charging, the utility model more utilizes DC power supply B+ to cooperate oscillator to produce pulse current charge, and utilize above-mentioned two groups of thermistors, set the resistance of difference, produce the better staged pulse of charging effect, to reach quicker charging effect.

See also Fig. 7, shown in the figure power supply clock pulse figure of the utility model quick charge, to the flow through electric current of above-mentioned electric connector 60 of the resistance that main system sets the above-mentioned first constant current device 70 is fixed in I1, and will the flow through electric current of above-mentioned electric connector 60 of the resistance of setting the above-mentioned second constant current device 71 is fixed in I2.When thing 62 to be charged is plugged this electric connector 60, if originally oscillator 80 be make transistor Q1 conducting, Q2 by the time, electric current I 1 promptly flow through this jockey 6 and the first constant current device 70, first electronic switch 81, and this thing 62 to be charged is charged.And in t during second (heating of temperature-sensitive resistance near its critical temperature time), this oscillator 80 will produce vibration for the first time, and this transistor Q2 conducting, Q1 are ended, at this moment promptly flow through this jockey 6 and the second constant current device 71, second electronic switch 82 of electric current I 2, and this thing 62 to be charged is continued charging, so repetitiousness switches, and makes the electric current that is provided at this thing 62 to be charged promptly shown in arteries and veins figure in Fig. 7, both no longer be subject to the characteristic of thermistor, and reached quicker charging.

In addition, between power supply B+ and B-, more can be connected in series one and fill display unit 90 soon, mainly comprise a LED 1 and a transistor Q3, and the collector electrode of this transistor Q3 is seen through a resistance R 4 these LEDs 1 of connection, its emitter sees through a resistance R 5 and is connected to power supply B-, and base stage then is connected to collector electrode and the power supply B-of above-mentioned transistor Q1 respectively through resistance R 6, R7.When quick charge, electric current directly by the transistor Q1 collector electrode of first electronic switch 81 base stage through transistor Q3, makes this Q3 conducting, lights this LED 1 then; And because the vibration factor, in fact, this LED 1 is to be flicker to advise when filling state soon.

And when the user only thinks charging battery, then only above-mentioned switch SW is opened circuit, even above-mentioned silicon controlled rectifier 50 ends, this moment, power supply B+ was promptly via the above-mentioned first thermistor P1, resistance R 2, diode D1, jockey 6, the loop of constant current mechanism 7 and oscillation switch mechanism 8 formations, and, no matter the electric current that power supply B+ is provided is much, when flowing through above-mentioned constant current mechanism 7, all by this first thermistor P1(shown in Fig. 5 dynamic load curve chart) reduce and be stabilized on the certain value, be that little electric current charges at a slow speed, its operation principle is as above-mentioned first embodiment: different is as shown in Figure 8, the power supply clock pulse figure of its power supply clock pulse figure approximate diagram 7 when charging quickly, wherein current value I 3＜I1; I4＜I2.

In addition, more can a charging battery display unit 81 in parallel between the anode A of above-mentioned silicon controlled rectifier 50 and negative electrode K, mainly include a LED 2, when charging at a slow speed, because of silicon controlled rectifier 50 is cut off,, make it to light so electric current promptly is diverted to this LED 2.

By the structure of the foregoing description, the utility model more can reach the various battery of coupling, connects the charging of automobile point cigarette end when going out, the indoor current supply of then transferring, and precise control and charging are easily and fast.

See also Fig. 9 again, wherein dotted line is depicted as the theoretical value curve of charging rate the best, so be the quickest charging rate, the utility model can be by the structure of above-mentioned second embodiment, and wherein oscillation switch mechanism 8 improvement of tool two outputs are wage adjustment engagement positions more than a plurality of outputs of tool.Wage adjustment engagement positions as shown in figure 10, mainly export the thermistor group 101-105 that five S1-S5 to five of signals are provided with different resistances in regular turn with a multiplexer 10, and the electric current that makes the above-mentioned jockey 6 of flowing through is fixed in five current values such as I1, I2, I3, I4 and I5, and provide electric current in above-mentioned thing 62 to be charged, the sequential chart of this electric current is promptly shown in Fig. 9 solid line, decide more than this current value fewly based on demand and cost factor, the setting of current value is the more just more near the ideal value of quick charge certainly.

In sum, the utility model battery charger really can its constructing apparatus that is disclosed of mat, reaches the effect of expection, purpose, and have the value of utilizing on the industry; And do not see publication before the application, also unexposed use meets the important document of novel patent application, proposes patent application in accordance with the law.

Only, what above-mentioned the utility model disclosed illustrates, and only is the embodiment of the utility model, generally those of ordinary skill in the art, its institute is according to this case spirit category, and the equivalence of being done variation or modification all should be encompassed in the scope of claim of following this case.

Claims (9)

1, a kind of battery charger is characterized in that, its input system connects the dc power output end of mobile electric power source (as car, ship etc.), comprising:

The constant current device of one thermistor, it is the thermistor of a positive temperature coefficient basically, connects above-mentioned DC power supply, and the output charging current;

One jockey more comprises an electric connector, with above-mentioned constant current device serial connection; And a loaded line, these line load one article to be charged (as battery), and have a connector that disposes mutually with the aforementioned electric connector, so that this loaded line is connected/is separated this electric connector; And

One temperature switch is the above-mentioned electric connector of serial connection, and is set in uniform temperature, make above-mentioned article to be charged be full of electricity after, when temperature rose to this design temperature, switch promptly turn-offed.

2, battery charger according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this constant current device can be single thermistor element.

3, battery charger according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this constant current device more can be a thermistor group, is to be arranged in parallel by several thermistor elements, to adapt to big electric current.

4, battery charger according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this constant current device comprises that the selection of a plurality of thermistor groups and corresponding every group of thermistor replaces device.

As the battery charger as described in the claim 4, it is characterized in that 5, this each thermistor group system is arranged in parallel by several thermistor elements and forms.

6, battery charger according to claim 1 is characterized in that this constant current device, can single thermistor element be connected in series that the selection of a thermistor group and corresponding each thermistor group replaces device more than the parallel connection; And a control switch in parallel (as silicon controlled rectifier) on this single thermistor element is with the charging of control fast/slow.

As the battery charger as described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterized in that 7, this selects alternately device, when thermistor is two groups, is with logic/trigger formation.

As the battery charger as described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterized in that 8, this selects alternately device, being more than three groups the time when thermistor, is to constitute with multiplexer.

9, as the battery charger as described in the claim 6, it is characterized in that more can comprising one first display unit, to show the state that fills soon; And one second display unit, to show the trickle charge state.

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