CN214805987U - 脱细胞真皮复合敷料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本实用新型涉及一种脱细胞真皮复合敷料。所述复合敷料包括镶嵌有海藻酸或壳聚糖或透明质酸等凝胶的脱细胞真皮及透明的高分子薄膜。本实用新型中的脱细胞真皮基本消除了免疫原性,具有良好的生物相容性、生物降解性、生物活性及对渗出液的吸附能力;高分子薄膜可阻止病原体侵入、液体渗出,允许空气及水蒸汽透过,并且具有良好的机械强度,有利于防止感染、保持创面湿润、避免过量渗出物聚集。此外,由于高分子薄膜具有粘附性且透明,有利于固定复合敷料及直接观察创面情况。
Description
技术领域
本实用新型涉及医用材料技术领域,具体为脱细胞真皮复合敷料。
背景技术
皮肤发生创伤后,在创面覆盖敷料可以起到防止感染、减少体液丢失,同时促进创面愈合的作用。因此,敷料在创面治疗中具有非常重要的地位。理想的创面敷料应该具备下述物理及生物特点。从物理角度,(1)阻止病原体入侵,防止感染发生;(2)阻止创面渗液渗出,减少体液丢失,同时保持创面湿润;(3)透空气,以便氧气有助于组织修复;(4)透水蒸气,以便急性期创面渗液过多时减少渗液在创面过多聚集;(5)具备一定的机械强度,以便保护创面并便于操作。从生物角度,(1)具备生物相容性,即不被组织排斥,能与创面较好贴合,对创面起到保护作用;(2)具备生物降解性,即敷料中的成分可被组织降解,成为创面修复的原料;(3)具备生物活性,即敷料有和创面组织结合的位点,有助于与创面组织的相互作用;或同时含促进创面修复的细胞因子,有助于加快创面修复。
以往,人们主要用医用脱脂棉纱布、棉垫和凡士林纱布等传统敷料覆盖创面。传统敷料具有网状编织结构,其价格低廉、制作工艺相对简单、原料来源广泛、质地柔软,有较强的吸收能力,能防止创面渗液积聚,对创面愈合有一定程度的保护作用,至今仍在皮肤创伤中广泛应用。但是这些传统敷料不能保持创面湿润,延迟创面愈合;创面肉芽组织容易长入敷料的网眼中,更换敷料时易与创面伤口粘连,损伤新生的肉芽组织并引起疼痛;敷料被液体渗透后屏障作用差,容易引起外源性感染,止血效果差。随着科学技术的发展及医学的进步,多种类型的医用新型敷料应用而生。由于新型敷料不同程度地避免了传统敷料的弊病,在创面修复中得到越来越广泛的应用。
按采用的材料,新型敷料可分为生物敷料及合成敷料两大类。合成敷料由高分子材料如聚乙二醇、聚丙烯酸、聚乳酸等合成。生物敷料材料来源于植物或动物。
通过选择高分子材料、改变各种材料配比以及加工工艺可对空气、水蒸气透过率及机械强度等进行调整。但目前所有合成敷料均无与创面组织结合的位点,缺乏生物活性。此外,由于不是来自于生物体,其生物相容性总的来说不如生物敷料。也就是说,合成敷料物理性能较好但生物性能较差。
生物敷料根据加工方式可以分为两种。一种是把生物材料如壳聚糖、海藻酸盐、透明质酸、硫酸软骨素及胶原等作为单方或复方配料加工形成凝胶或薄膜。上述物质是动植物组织的基质,具有优良的生物相容性和生物降解性,同时对水分有很强的吸附能力。应用在敷料中,能有效吸附创面渗出液,保持创面湿润环境,有利于创面修复。但是,通过上述方法制备的生物敷料机械强度较差,临床操作有一定难度,同时影响对创面的保护作用。另一种是直接利用动物组织如异体皮、异种皮覆盖创面。异种或异体皮由于来源于动物或人的上皮组织,具有良好的生物降解性和生物活性;由于保留了胶原纤维在原真皮中编织状三维结构,具有优良的机械强度。但是由于其中含异体或异种细胞,一般在覆盖创面2周后发生排斥反应,生物相容性较差。为了解决这个问题,人们将异体皮或异种皮去除表皮及真皮中的细胞,制成脱细胞真皮。近年来,脱细胞真皮以其优异性能受到重视。但是,由于脱细胞真皮对渗出液的吸收能力较差,使其在渗出液较多创面的应用受到限制。
实用新型内容
综合上述合成敷料和两种生物敷料的优点,本实用新型提供了一种脱细胞真皮复合敷料。本实用新型采用的技术方案如下:
脱细胞真皮复合敷料由在孔隙中镶嵌有海藻酸或透明质酸或壳聚糖等凝胶的脱细胞真皮与具有粘附性的高分子膜组成。脱细胞真皮小于高分子膜并位于高分子膜中间位置。
附图说明
图1为本实用新型的结构示意图。
图中,1-孔隙中镶嵌有凝胶的脱细胞真皮;2-具有粘附性的高分子膜。
具体实施方式
在制备脱细胞真皮的过程中,用轧皮机在真皮上轧出网状孔隙。然后,将脱细胞真皮浸泡在海藻酸或壳聚糖或透明质酸凝胶液中,形成镶嵌有凝胶的生物敷料脱细胞真皮。在此脱细胞真皮上复合合成敷料高分子薄膜,形成脱细胞真皮复合敷料。
使用时,将脱细胞真皮贴敷在创面。该实用新型具有以下优点:(1)在脱细胞真皮中,胶原纤维由于保持原有的编织状三维结构,具有良好的机械强度,同时可为组织修复提供支架;在出血创面,血液中血小板接触胶原纤维后可释放一系列血小板因子,可促进凝血及创面修复。(2)脱细胞真皮中镶嵌的凝胶可有效吸附创面渗出液,因而保持创面湿润环境,促进创面修复,同时避免渗出液对创面周边皮肤的浸渍。壳聚糖还具有抗菌、止血、促进创面修复的作用。(3)覆盖在脱细胞真皮上的高分子薄膜可阻止病原体侵入,防止创面感染;阻止液体渗出,保持创面湿润;透过空气,有助于创面修复;透过水蒸气,避免创面渗出液过多集聚。总的来说,镶嵌有凝胶的脱细胞真皮可大量吸收、保有渗出液并具有良好的生物相容性、生物降解性及生物活性;高分子薄膜可透过空气及水蒸气并具有良好的机械强度和屏障作用。二者取长补短,互相补充,促进创面修复。此外,由于高分子薄膜具有粘附性,可将该复合敷料粘附固定在创面,不需要另外使用二次敷料;由于高分子薄膜透明,不打开敷料即能观察到创面情况,从而减少操作以及因操作增加感染机会。
Claims (3)
1.一种脱细胞真皮复合敷料,其特征在于,所述复合敷料包括镶嵌有凝胶的异体或异种脱细胞真皮及高分子薄膜;脱细胞真皮上轧网状孔隙,孔隙中镶嵌由海藻酸或壳聚糖或透明质酸等制备的凝胶;高分子薄膜阻止外源性病原体和液体透过的同时具有透气、透水蒸汽性能。
2.如权利要求1所述的脱细胞真皮复合敷料,其特征在于所述高分子薄膜透明。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的脱细胞真皮复合敷料,其特征在于所述高分子薄膜具有粘附性并大于脱细胞真皮,可将脱细胞真皮层粘附固定于创面周围。
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