CN214619572U - Incinerator for dangerous waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a hazardous waste burns burning furnace, it includes: a frame; the rotary furnace is horizontally arranged on the rack, is cylindrical as a whole and has the degree of freedom of rotating around the axis of the rotary furnace; the middle part of the rotary furnace is provided with a temperature rising area, so that the rotary furnace is divided into a low temperature area, a temperature rising area and a high temperature area from an inlet to an outlet, wherein the low temperature area is an incineration area, the temperature rising area is a forced heating area, and correspondingly, the rotary furnace is provided with an auxiliary heating device in the temperature rising area; the baffle is an axial baffle arranged in the rotary furnace, and through holes are distributed on the baffle; and the driving device is arranged on the rack and outputs and drives the rotary furnace. Based on the utility model discloses can effectively guarantee the useless abundant burning of danger, and combustion efficiency is higher relatively.

Description

Incinerator for dangerous waste

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a hazardous waste burns burning furnace.

Background

Hazardous waste is also often referred to as hazardous waste, hazardous waste residue or hazardous waste, referred to as hazardous waste for short. The term has gained social acceptance as early as the 70's of the last century, and has become generally accepted over the years until after the mid 70's. Because of the potential, long-term, and non-recoverable hazard, the definition of hazardous waste is necessarily required to be more accurate in order to be able to more reasonably and safely process the hazardous waste.

Hazardous waste is defined by the united nations environmental agency as waste that is harmful to the human environment, except for radioactivity, whether alone or mixed together, whether during production, disposal, or in transit. Hazardous waste is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as being waste of a physicochemical or biological nature and requires specific management and disposal procedures in order to minimize its impact on the environment and human health.

At present, most of domestic methods for treating hazardous wastes are incineration or landfill treatment, wherein the landfill treatment cannot quickly eliminate harmful components in the hazardous wastes, the natural degradation period of the harmful components is long, and some harmful components can not be eliminated even in a natural degradation mode, such as pathogens and the like contained in medical wastes; and the landfill itself may pollute soil or groundwater, so the landfill is suitable for common garbage rather than a correct treatment mode of hazardous wastes, and the current main mode for treating the hazardous wastes is still incineration.

The incineration of hazardous waste is mainly completed in an incinerator so that the hazardous waste can be controllably combusted in a relatively closed environment. It is known from the chinese patent document CN211316191U background art center that the fluctuation of garbage components and heat value is large, and the temperature is often low (the furnace temperature should be low), so that dioxin pollutants appear. For this reason, this patent document proposes preheating and burning waste. It is known that, because the garbage has complex components and different ignition points, ignition values and the like, the garbage is generally required to be crushed and then mixed with a certain proportion of fuel to assist combustion, and the fuel, such as diesel oil, belongs to volatile fuel, is easy to volatilize in a large amount during preheating, and is easy to deflagrate to cause accidents.

Chinese patent document CN204084402U discloses a monitoring device for the temperature of the furnace chamber of a rotary kiln for treating domestic garbage, and the background art section also mentions that dioxin polluting the environment is very easily generated if the garbage is not sufficiently combusted. Scientifically proves that dioxin can be controlled in the waste incineration process as long as the temperature of a hearth during waste incineration is guaranteed to be 850-1000 ℃, the residence time is not less than 2 seconds at high temperature, and sufficient air stirring is carried out. For this reason, in the patent document, the closed-loop control method is adopted to control the temperature in the rotary kiln furnace chamber, and it is not clear which heating method is adopted for the temperature in the rotary kiln furnace chamber and how the garbage is sufficiently burned, and the closed-loop control method is emphasized.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to provide a can effectively guarantee that the useless abundant burning of danger, and the hazardous waste incinerator that combustion efficiency is higher relatively.

In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a hazardous waste incinerator, which includes:

a frame;

the rotary furnace is horizontally arranged on the rack, is cylindrical as a whole and has the degree of freedom of rotating around the axis of the rotary furnace; the middle part of the rotary furnace is provided with a temperature rising area, so that the rotary furnace is divided into a low temperature area, a temperature rising area and a high temperature area from an inlet to an outlet, wherein the low temperature area is an incineration area, the temperature rising area is a forced heating area, and correspondingly, the rotary furnace is provided with an auxiliary heating device in the temperature rising area;

the baffle is an axial baffle arranged in the rotary furnace, and through holes are distributed on the baffle;

and the driving device is arranged on the rack and outputs and drives the rotary furnace.

Optionally, the partition plate has one block and is disposed in the middle of the heating region.

Optionally, the rotary kiln is of a three-furnace-section structure;

correspondingly, the low-temperature zone, the high-temperature zone and the heating zone are each formed by a furnace section;

the furnace sections are connected by adopting a detachable end face connecting structure.

Optionally, the end face connection structure is a flange connection.

Optionally, the drive device comprises:

the large grinding rollers are sleeved on the rotary furnace to form driven grinding rollers, and the two large grinding rollers are distributed in the axial direction of the rotary furnace;

two small grinding rollers are arranged corresponding to each large grinding roller, and the two small grinding rollers are supported on the lower side of the large grinding roller in a bilateral symmetry manner to form an active grinding roller;

a motor providing motive power;

and the transmission mechanism is used for connecting the small grinding roller with the motor.

Optionally, the transmission mechanism comprises a flexible transmission mechanism.

Optionally, the flexible drive is a belt drive or a chain drive.

Optionally, a set of lifting plates is arranged in the rotary furnace section corresponding to the low temperature zone and the rotary furnace section corresponding to the high temperature zone.

Optionally, the material raising plates in one set of material raising plates form a cantilever of the multi-head vortex, and the cantilever is a straight arm;

the included angle between the material raising plate and the axis of the rotary furnace is not more than 15 degrees and not less than 3 degrees.

Optionally, screening holes are distributed on the material lifting plate.

It is to be understood that the waste incinerated by the waste incineration process is generally a mixture of crushed waste and mixed with a predetermined amount of fuel, but is still generally referred to as waste; meanwhile, in order to ensure sufficient combustion of the mixture, the waste incineration system is generally provided with an air supply device, so that a certain feeding pressure based on wind power is generated in the waste incineration process. It should also be noted that the hazardous waste incinerator is an integral part of the waste incineration system, not all.

Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the winnowing capability of the feeding pressure based on the wind power, specifically, the particle size of the pulverized garbage has a certain distribution, and during the garbage incineration process, the garbage with relatively large particles will be generally split into smaller particles, for example, the branches will become ash with fine particles after incineration. The smaller the particles, the greater the specific surface area and the greater the capacity for pneumatic conveyance, in other words, the shorter the time the smaller the particles of waste are present in the incinerator and the faster the particles burn out, so that the pneumatic conveyance itself has a screening effect, i.e. winnowing. And simultaneously, the utility model discloses an in, be equipped with the baffle that distributes and have the via hole in the rotary kiln, have the mechanical screening effect, make the relatively great rubbish of granularity keep up the time longer in the incinerator, rubbish that the granularity is less relatively then can be based on wind-force and is advanced to the back stage through the via hole to ensure that the rubbish of different granularities can both be fully combusted. The garbage combustion can generate heat energy, but the temperature rise is relatively limited, for this reason, the configured incinerator is divided into three temperature zones in the axial direction, the incineration zone is located at the forefront stage, namely the garbage natural combustion zone, then the temperature rise zone is used for raising the incinerator temperature to a preset temperature so as to ensure the pyrolysis of harmful components such as dioxin, and finally the high temperature zone is used for maintaining the temperature in the hearth after the temperature rise so as to ensure that part of the harmful components generated by the combustion are dissolved, so that the standard emission requirement is met.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a hazardous waste incinerator according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of a hazardous waste incinerator according to an embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the bottom-sectional structure of the incinerator for hazardous waste in one embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic left side view of the incinerator for hazardous waste according to one embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a hazardous waste incinerator.

In the figure: 1. the automatic grinding machine comprises a feeding hole, a low-temperature zone, a main support, a heating zone, a belt transmission mechanism, a belt high-temperature zone, a belt discharging mechanism, a belt bearing seat, a belt grinding mechanism, a belt bolt, a belt pre-tightening belt, a belt coupling mechanism, a shaft transmission mechanism, a belt pre-tightening belt, a belt pre-tightening belt, a pre-tightening belt, a pre-tightening belt, a pre-tightening belt, a pre-tightening belt, a pre-tightening belt pre.

Detailed Description

It is to be understood that, as mentioned above, the waste is generally pulverized before incineration, and although the particles generated by the pulverization are relatively coarse, the waste can have a certain particle distribution, so that the waste has relatively good combustion performance and better mixing uniformity with the fuel.

The waste is typically dry and has a relatively low moisture content before being mixed with the fuel.

It should be noted that in the waste incineration process, the wind power equipment is the necessary process equipment, and in the rotary kiln facility, the conveying direction generated by the wind power is the direction from the feeding port 1 to the discharging port 10 of the rotary kiln.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, low temperature and high temperature are a pair of opposite concepts, wherein low temperature is the environment generated when the garbage is incinerated, and high temperature is the environment generated after the temperature is raised.

The temperature in the low temperature zone 2 is not stable due to the influence of the composition of the waste and the combustion sufficiency, and the temperature in the temperature rising zone 4 is aimed at further raising the temperature of the waste gas, i.e., the material generated by burning the waste, to, for example, a dioxin pyrolysis zone, and the temperature rise is not intended to be a predetermined temperature value but is intended to take into account the pyrolysis temperature value of the harmful components and the allowable maximum temperature of the furnace, so that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the temperature in the temperature rising zone 4 is allowed to fluctuate, and the temperature in the high temperature zone 9 is also allowed to fluctuate.

In addition, as can be seen from the background art, the temperature in the furnace chamber can be basically eliminated when the temperature reaches 850 ℃ for the main harmful components, and the service life of the furnace chamber is usually stronger when the temperature is lower, so that the temperature in the furnace chamber can be controlled below 1000 ℃ and above 850 ℃ and the whole range has a range of 150 ℃ based on the description in the background art, and the instability of the temperature in the furnace chamber caused by the instability of garbage components can be completely adapted.

In the hazardous waste incinerator shown in fig. 1 to 5, the basic structure thereof includes a main support 3, a rotary kiln having a low temperature region 2, an elevated temperature region 4 and a high temperature region 9, a driving device for driving the rotary kiln to rotate, and a partition plate 20 installed in the rotary kiln, wherein the rotary kiln is used for burning materials (expressed as a mixture of crushed garbage and fuel) and digesting harmful components such as dioxin generated by burning, the partition plate 20 mainly generates a mechanical sieving effect, and the driving device mainly drives the rotary kiln to rotate around its own axis.

In fig. 1 and 5, the main support 3 and the motor support 6 are assembled into a steel truss, which is a statically determinate structure as a whole and is called a frame. For the mechanism, to statically determinate the structure, stability is the higher requirement relatively, and the steel truss that shows in the figure wholly adopts welded construction, mainly adopts for example channel-section steel component and angle steel to establish the welding and form, and wherein the channel-section steel component is chooseed for use to the roof beam body of steel truss framework, and the angle steel component is chooseed for use to cylinders such as landing leg, also can choose for use channel-section steel component or I-steel, H shaped steel component.

Regarding the rotary kiln, the rotary kiln is of a horizontal structure, and is supported on a frame by a rolling support member so as to have a degree of freedom of rotation about its axis. The rotary furnace is integrally cylindrical, the right end in figure 1 is the discharge end of the rotary furnace, a discharge hole 10 is matched with the rotary furnace, and the left end is the feed end of the rotary furnace, and a feed hole 1 is matched with the rotary furnace.

In the foregoing, the rotary kiln is divided into three zones in the material traveling direction, the first zone is an incineration zone, the incineration zone is unstable in garbage composition, the temperature rise generated by combustion is unstable, but usually lower than 850 ℃ or lower than a desired temperature, and therefore the incineration zone is called a low temperature zone 2; because the temperature in burning zone does not reach the desired temperature, harmful substance such as dioxin is easy to produce, for this reason, need to burn the material and the flue gas that the district circulates and come and heat up, and the intensification needs a process to the furnace section of a adaptation burning furnace, this furnace section adaptation heating device is used for the intensification of the material that circulates and flue gas, therefore this furnace section is called the heating-up district 4, in order to heat the material that circulates and flue gas to the desired temperature, for example above 850 ℃.

It should be noted that the auxiliary heating device adapted to the heating zone 4 is necessarily adapted to the heat-bearing capacity of the furnace section of the heating zone 4.

Furthermore, after the temperature of the material and the flue gas is raised to a desired temperature, it is necessary to keep the temperature for a certain time, for example, 2 seconds or more, and therefore, based on the circulation speed, it is still necessary to have a certain length of the furnace section to adapt, so that the temperature zone of the furnace section is the high temperature zone 9.

Since the incineration of garbage requires a separate configuration such as a blower system instead of natural combustion, and accordingly, the presence of the blower system causes the flue gas to accelerate through the incinerator, or the residence time of the flue gas in the incinerator becomes short, for this reason, a partition plate, such as the partition plate 20 shown in fig. 3, is provided in the rotary kiln, and through holes are formed in the partition plate 20, so that the flow resistance can be increased, the velocity of the flue gas can be slowed down, the flue gas can be retained in the incinerator for a relatively long time, combustible components therein can be sufficiently combusted, and components therein which are liable to be pyrolyzed can be sufficiently pyrolyzed.

Similarly, the partition plate 20 with the through holes is equivalent to a sieve plate, and the sieved part of the material is relatively fine material which is easy to burn out and has relatively larger specific surface area, and is also easy to be carried by airflow and has relatively fast flow rotation speed. The reject fraction is a relatively coarse material which is broken up into smaller particles after sufficient combustion so as not to interfere with the continuous incineration of the material.

The rotary kiln has a turning capability as compared with other types of incinerators, and the material can be turned over based on the turning capability without causing a problem that the material cannot be sufficiently burned in a deep layer. Therefore, the rotary kiln having a degree of freedom of rotation needs to be driven by a driving device in an operating state.

Correspondingly, the driving device is arranged on the frame and outputs and drives the rotary furnace.

As regards the number of partitions, there may be several or only one, and in a preferred embodiment preferably one, in that the material is not sufficiently combusted first in the incineration zone, i.e. in the low-temperature zone 2, which may contain relatively large particles, which may lead to a jamming of the material if partitions are provided in the low-temperature zone 2.

Whereas in the high-temperature zone 9 the material is almost completely burnt, the value of the screening based on the partition plate is not great, for which purpose only one partition plate needs to be provided and is arranged in the middle of the heating-up zone 4.

Accordingly, the rotary furnace is divided into three furnace sections according to different functions, and accordingly, each function area is adapted to one furnace section, namely, the low-temperature area 2 corresponds to one furnace section, the heating area 4 corresponds to one furnace section, and the high-temperature area 9 corresponds to one furnace section.

Because the furnace is a pipe body, the furnace sections are connected by adopting a detachable end face connecting structure to form a coaxial sequential bearing structure.

Preferably, the end face connecting structure is in flange connection, the structure is relatively mature, and the assembly is convenient.

In fig. 3, the flange to which the flange is adapted is provided with a ring-shaped portion at the outer edge, so that a ring groove 18 is formed between the flange body and the furnace wall, in which bolts 13 and nuts 19 can be accommodated, and at the same time, the ring-shaped portion can be used to construct the large grinding roll 8.

The temperature rise zone 4 is relatively long compared to the other two furnace sections, and the position of the large grinding roller 8 in the axial direction of the rotary furnace, which is determined on the basis of the above-described structure, allows a structure for supporting the rotary furnace to have a relatively large span, which provides better support stability.

Regarding the driving of the rotary kiln, first in the structure shown in fig. 1 and 2, the driving means includes:

the large grinding rollers 8 are sleeved on the rotary furnace to form driven grinding rollers, and the two large grinding rollers 8 are distributed in the axial direction of the rotary furnace and are adapted to the concept of constructing the large grinding rollers 8 on the flanges.

Two small grinding rollers 12 are arranged corresponding to each large grinding roller 8, and the two small grinding rollers 12 are supported at the lower side of the large grinding roller 8 in a bilateral symmetry mode to form an active grinding roller.

Providing a motor 5 for providing motive power; and is further used for connecting the small grinding roller 12 with a motor through a transmission mechanism.

It should be noted that the large grinding roller 8 and the small grinding roller 8 are driven based on friction, and that size is a pair of opposing concepts to achieve the desired gear ratio.

Further, the transmission mechanism includes a flexible transmission mechanism.

Optionally, the flexible transmission is a belt transmission 7 or a chain transmission.

As described above, the rotary function of the rotary kiln is aimed at turning over materials based on rotation, so as to prevent insufficient combustion of the materials at the bottom layer due to too thick material layers, and further, in order to improve the turning over capability, a set of material raising plates are arranged in the rotary kiln section corresponding to the low temperature region 2 and the rotary kiln section corresponding to the high temperature region 9, such as the inclined scraper 17 shown in fig. 3, so that the rotary kiln is prevented from having a certain carrying capability, and the materials are easy to turn over, higher and then fall.

In some preferred embodiments, the material raising plates in one set of material raising plates form a cantilever of the multi-head vortex, and the cantilever is a straight arm, so that the material raising plates have certain conveying capacity, and materials with relatively high density cannot be conveyed by wind power and can move forwards based on the conveying of the spiral.

In the case of a desired conveying capacity, the conveying speed is not excessively high, and for this reason, the angle is not more than 15 degrees and not less than 3 degrees.

As mentioned above, the screw conveying is mainly to make the particles relatively large, and the material with relatively large density is conveyed forward, and the screw conveying is not needed for the fine material, therefore, screening holes are distributed on the material raising plate to be beneficial to classification conveying.

Claims (10)

1. A hazardous waste incinerator, comprising:

a frame;

the rotary furnace is horizontally arranged on the rack, is cylindrical as a whole and has the degree of freedom of rotating around the axis of the rotary furnace; the middle part of the rotary furnace is provided with a temperature rising area, so that the rotary furnace is divided into a low temperature area, a temperature rising area and a high temperature area from an inlet to an outlet, wherein the low temperature area is an incineration area, the temperature rising area is a forced heating area, and correspondingly, the rotary furnace is provided with an auxiliary heating device in the temperature rising area;

the baffle is an axial baffle arranged in the rotary furnace, and through holes are distributed on the baffle;

and the driving device is arranged on the rack and outputs and drives the rotary furnace.

2. The hazardous waste incinerator according to claim 1, wherein said partition plate is provided with one piece and is disposed in the middle of said temperature rising section.

3. The hazardous waste incinerator according to claim 1, wherein said rotary kiln is of a three-stage structure;

correspondingly, the low-temperature zone, the high-temperature zone and the heating zone are each formed by a furnace section;

the furnace sections are connected by adopting a detachable end face connecting structure.

4. The hazardous waste incinerator of claim 3, wherein said end face connection structure is a flange connection.

5. The hazardous waste incinerator of claim 1, wherein said driving means comprises:

the large grinding rollers are sleeved on the rotary furnace to form driven grinding rollers, and the two large grinding rollers are distributed in the axial direction of the rotary furnace;

two small grinding rollers are arranged corresponding to each large grinding roller, and the two small grinding rollers are supported on the lower side of the large grinding roller in a bilateral symmetry manner to form an active grinding roller;

a motor providing motive power;

and the transmission mechanism is used for connecting the small grinding roller with the motor.

6. The hazardous waste incinerator of claim 5, wherein said drive mechanism comprises a flexible drive mechanism.

7. The hazardous waste incinerator of claim 6, wherein the flexible drive mechanism is a belt drive mechanism or a chain drive mechanism.

8. The hazardous waste incinerator according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of lifting blades are provided in the rotary kiln section corresponding to the low temperature zone and the rotary kiln section corresponding to the high temperature zone.

9. The hazardous waste incinerator according to claim 8, wherein the lifting blades in a set of lifting blades form a cantilever of a multi-head vortex, the cantilever being a straight arm;

the included angle between the material raising plate and the axis of the rotary furnace is not more than 15 degrees and not less than 3 degrees.

10. The hazardous waste incinerator of claim 9 wherein said lifting blades have screening holes distributed therein.

Images