CN214517626U - Multifunctional tailstock of turning and milling combined machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a turning and milling combined machine tool's multi-functional tailstock belongs to lathe technical field. The multifunctional tailstock comprises a chuck, a positioning rod, a support, an elastic chuck, a locking screw plug, a sliding seat and a locking mechanism; the chuck can rotate relative to the horizontal axis of the support, an elastic chuck fixedly connected with the support is matched with a locking screw plug to control the rotating state of the chuck, the support moves precisely on a sliding seat, and the sliding seat moves in a large range along a lathe guide rail and is locked and positioned by a locking mechanism. The tailstock can be used as an auxiliary support of a workpiece when the freely rotating chuck clamps the workpiece, the positioning rod and the chuck are manually operated, the chuck is locked, the workpiece can be machined at equal angles, the chuck clamping tool can axially drill or tap, and the jaw of the support can be matched with the fixed jaw of the lathe to position the workpiece on the large carriage. The utility model discloses a multi-functional tailstock and milling machine's processing cutter cooperation can satisfy the concentrated processing demand of work piece multiple operation, can reduce the clamping location number of times of work piece, improves the quality and the efficiency of work piece processing greatly.

Description

Multifunctional tailstock of turning and milling combined machine tool

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of cutting machine tool equipment, concretely relates to turning and milling combined machine tool's multi-functional tailstock.

Background

The lathe is a special machine tool for cutting and processing shaft parts, the revolution surfaces of the shaft parts can be processed by adopting different cutters, and the lathe has very strong processing capacity and processing precision, while the drilling and milling machine is a special machine tool for milling and processing planes or curved surfaces, and the smooth holes, threaded holes, planes and curved surfaces of various parts are cut and processed by adopting different cutters such as milling cutters, drill bits, reamers, screw taps and the like, so that the lathe has mature processing technology and equipment. With the development of numerical control and digital display technologies, the modern numerical control lathe and the numerical control milling machine can realize the processing automation of parts with simple procedures, and the efficiency and the quality of part processing are easy to guarantee. For parts in a turning and milling combined process, such as a large number of common parts including a shaft with a key groove, a shaft with a radial hole, a connecting flange and the like, the turning and milling combined machine tool is adopted for processing, workpieces do not need to be conveyed between the lathe and a milling machine, the workpieces can be prevented from being clamped and positioned for many times, and the processing quality of complex workpieces and the automation degree of part processing can be further improved. However, the conventional lathe tailstock has few functions, and as a well-known lathe tailstock (the chinese patent application No. 201510819110.5), the lathe tailstock has the functions of axial positioning of a workpiece, horizontal movement of a top seat and a top rod, and horizontal movement of the whole tailstock, but lacks the functions of indexing positioning, flexible support and the like. The known tailstock positioning and clamping device of a numerical control machine (Chinese patent application number: 201810648579.0) can realize the function of fixing the tailstock, reduce the manual operation, but does not increase the function of the tailstock. Therefore, the existing tailstock technology cannot meet the processing requirements of the turning and milling procedure combined process and reduce the clamping and positioning operation of complex workpieces, and the advantage of the turning and milling combined machine tool is limited to be fully exerted.

Disclosure of Invention

1. Problems to be solved

Aiming at the technical problem that the conventional tailstock of the machine tool cannot adapt to the complex parts machined by the turning and milling combined machine tool, the multifunctional tailstock of the turning and milling combined machine tool is provided. The lathe tailstock has the advantages that functions of indexing positioning, vice clamping, flexible supporting and the like are added on the basis of functions of the existing lathe tailstock, machining requirements of a turning and milling procedure combined process can be met, machining efficiency is improved, and the lathe tailstock has the advantages of being compact in structure, simple to operate, reliable in work and the like.

2. Technical scheme

In order to solve the above problem, the utility model discloses the technical scheme who adopts as follows:

the utility model provides a multifunctional tailstock of a turning and milling combined machine tool, which comprises a support, a chuck, a hollow shaft, a bearing group, a dividing disc, a positioning rod, an elastic chuck, a locking screw plug, a sliding seat, a screw rod and a locking mechanism; the support is a geometric combination body with symmetrical structure, a horizontal cylindrical through hole is arranged at the upper part of the support, a dovetail groove is arranged at the lower part of the support, the center of the cylindrical through hole and the symmetry plane of the dovetail groove are positioned on the symmetry plane of the support, a jaw is arranged at the lower left side of the support, a horizontal cylindrical hole is arranged at the lower right side of the support, and the axis of the cylindrical hole is positioned on the symmetry plane of the support.

The chuck is an axisymmetric structure, a cylindrical through hole is formed in the center of the chuck, axial blind holes which are circumferentially and uniformly distributed are formed in the right end face of the chuck and used for accurate indexing and positioning, the right end of the chuck is fixedly connected with the left end of the hollow shaft, and the chuck and the hollow shaft are overlapped in axis.

The hollow shaft is of an axisymmetric structure, the central through hole of the hollow shaft is a cylindrical hole, the diameter of the cylindrical hole is the same as that of the through hole of the chuck, the left side of the hollow shaft is supported in the through hole at the upper part of the support by the bearing group, the shaft shoulder of the hollow shaft is contacted with the bearing inner ring of the bearing group, and the right side of the hollow shaft is in clearance fit with the inner hole of the elastic chuck.

The bearing group comprises a left radial bearing, a left thrust bearing, a right radial bearing and a right thrust bearing, the left radial bearing and the right radial bearing adopt roller bearings, the left thrust bearing and the right thrust bearing adopt thrust ball bearings, the left radial bearing and the left thrust bearing are positioned on the left side of a hollow shaft shoulder, the right radial bearing and the right thrust bearing are positioned on the right side of the hollow shaft shoulder, the inner ring and the outer ring of the left radial bearing and the right radial bearing are respectively closely matched with the shaft diameter of the hollow shaft and the through hole of the support, and the indexing disc and the support are fixedly connected to axially position the bearing group.

The dividing plate is of an axisymmetric structure, the axis of the dividing plate coincides with the axis of the hollow shaft, the dividing plate is positioned between the chuck and the support, angle scales are arranged on the outer circular surface of the dividing plate, and an axial gap of 0.3mm is formed between the left end surface of the dividing plate and the right end surface of the chuck.

The positioning rod is of an L-shaped structure, the positioning rod is in clearance fit with the indexing disc and the axial through hole of the support, the positioning rod is located at the right limit position under the action of the spring, so that the left end of the positioning rod is not in contact with the right end face of the chuck, and the positioning rod moves leftwards and is inserted into the blind hole in the right end face of the chuck to form accurate clearance fit during indexing positioning.

The elastic chuck is of an axisymmetric structure, the axis of the elastic chuck coincides with the axes of the hollow shaft and the through hole on the upper part of the support, the inner hole of the elastic chuck is in clearance fit with the outer cylindrical surface of the hollow shaft, the outer cylindrical surface of the left part of the elastic chuck is in interference fit with the through hole of the support to form fixed connection, the right part of the elastic chuck is an elastic body, and the outer spherical surface of the elastic body is in contact with the inner conical surface of the locking screw plug.

The external thread of the locking screw plug is connected with the internal thread on the upper part of the support, and when the locking screw plug is screwed down, the elastic body of the elastic chuck deforms to enable the elastic chuck to be tightly held with the hollow shaft to form fixed connection.

The big nut is arranged in the cylindrical hole on the lower right side of the support and is fixedly connected with the support, and the big nut is provided with a trapezoidal threaded hole and is matched with the screw to form a screw pair.

The slide seat is of a symmetrical structure, the symmetrical surface of the slide seat coincides with the symmetrical surface of the support seat, the upper part of the slide seat is provided with a horizontal dovetail guide rail, the guide rail and the dovetail groove at the lower part of the support seat are in clearance fit to form a moving pair, the bottom of the slide seat is provided with a flat guide surface and a V-shaped guide surface which are matched with the lathe guide rail, and the right end of the slide seat is provided with a horizontal through hole.

The screw rod is of an axisymmetric structure, the axis of the screw rod is superposed with the axis of a threaded hole of the large nut, the left end of the screw rod is provided with a shaft diameter larger than the external diameter of the thread to be used as a limiter, and the right end of the screw rod is supported in a through hole at the right end of the sliding seat by a bearing and is fixedly connected with the hand wheel.

The locking mechanism comprises a locking shaft, a pull rod, a pressing block and a cam, the locking shaft is fixedly connected with the cam, the right end of the locking shaft is fixedly connected with a locking handle, an ear ring is arranged at the upper end of the pull rod and hinged to the locking shaft, the middle of the pull rod is in clearance fit with a hole of the sliding seat, the lower end of the pull rod is fixedly connected with the pressing block, and the pressing block is located at the lower part of the tailstock.

As a possible implementation mode of the utility model, the locking mechanism comprises a locking shaft, a locking handle, a left pull rod, a right pull rod, a left cam, a right cam, a left press block and a right press block, the locking shaft is of an axisymmetric structure, the axis of the locking shaft is positioned above the top surface of the slide dovetail guide rail and on the symmetrical plane of the support dovetail groove, the left part of the locking shaft is fixedly connected with the left cam, the middle part of the locking shaft is fixedly connected with the right cam, the left cam and the right cam are planar cams with the same structure, the axes of the left cam and the right cam are coincided with the locking shaft, the orientations of the left cam and the right cam relative to the locking shaft are completely the same, the profile surfaces of the left cam and the right cam are simultaneously contacted with the top surface of the slide dovetail guide rail, the right end of the locking shaft is fixedly connected with the locking handle, the axes of the left pull rod and the right pull rod are vertical to the axes of the locking shaft, lug rings arranged at the upper ends of the left pull rod and the right pull rod are respectively hinged with the locking shaft, the middle parts of the left pull rod and the right pull rod are in clearance fit with holes of the sliding seat respectively, the lower ends of the left pull rod and the right pull rod are fixedly connected with the left pressing block and the right pressing block respectively, the left pressing block and the right pressing block are located at the lower part of the tailstock, the locking shaft rotates forwards to drive the left pressing block and the right pressing block to ascend so that the left pressing block and the right pressing block are in contact with the lathe guide rail simultaneously to form a left pressing point and a right pressing point, and the left pressing block and the right pressing block descend to separate from the left pressing block and the right pressing block to be in contact with the lathe guide rail when the locking shaft rotates backwards.

As a possible implementation of the present invention, the chuck is a standard part of a lathe, and 3 or 4 jaws are provided on the left side of the chuck.

As a possible implementation mode of the utility model, the locking screw plug adopts a triangular fine thread, and the radial direction of the screw plug is provided with an operating rod.

As a possible implementation of the present invention, the left and right tie rods have the same structure.

As a possible implementation of the present invention, the left pressing block and the right pressing block have the same structure.

The utility model discloses the theory of operation of the multi-functional tailstock of turning and milling combined machine tool as follows:

the chuck and the hollow shaft are fixedly connected and supported in a horizontal through hole of the support through a bearing group, the index plate is fixedly connected with the support to axially position the bearing group, the chuck can freely rotate around a horizontal axis, and a clamping jaw on the chuck clamps a workpiece or a tool and can be used as a middle support or an end support of the workpiece; the elastic chuck is fixedly connected with the support, and the hollow shaft is tightly embraced by the elastic chuck when the locking screw plug is screwed down. When the locking screw plug is unscrewed, the elastic chuck allows the hollow shaft and the chuck to rotate, the chuck and the workpiece are manually rotated according to the scales of the dividing disc, the locking screw plug is screwed down after the positioning rod is used for accurate positioning, and the rotary workpiece is quickly divided.

The bottom of the sliding seat is matched with the surface of the machine tool guide rail, and the multifunctional tailstock whole body can horizontally move along the longitudinal axis of the machine tool when the left pressing block and the right pressing block are not in contact with the machine tool guide rail, so that the position can be flexibly adjusted. The locking handle is operated to enable the locking shaft to rotate 90 degrees, and the sliding seat and the machine tool guide rail are locked and positioned. The dovetail groove at the lower part of the support is in clearance fit with the dovetail guide rail of the sliding seat, the support can only longitudinally move along the guide rail surface, the hand wheel driving screw drives the support to move left and right, and clamping operation of the jaw at the front part of the support and feeding operation of the chuck clamping tool are realized.

3. Advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:

(1) the utility model discloses a multi-functional tailstock of turning and milling combined machine tool, the chuck that can centre gripping work piece, cutter or appurtenance has free rotation and graduation locate function, and the support can move and lock the location along the lathe guide rail on a large scale along with the slide, can carry out the feed motion of small range relatively to the slide simultaneously, has expanded the function of current lathe tailstock, can satisfy the requirement of turning and milling combined technology, improves machining efficiency;

(2) the utility model discloses a multi-functional tailstock of turning and milling combined machine tool, multi-functional tailstock can improve the processingquality of work piece as the intermediate support when the lathe work slender axles class part, and the hole diameter of hollow shaft does not properly increase like lathe main shaft hole receives the restriction of transmission system, can enlarge the ability that the lathe cut long bar or tubular product simultaneously;

(3) the utility model discloses a turning and milling combined machine tool's multi-functional tailstock drills and mills and can directly process keyway, cylindrical hole or the screw hole that circumference distributes with the centre gripping gyration type part of multi-functional tailstock man-hour, and the non-gyration type part uses the saddle of lathe as the platform, utilizes keeping silent of support to press from both sides tight location, and the use of reducible special fixture improves work efficiency and reduction processing cost.

Drawings

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but it should be understood that these drawings are designed for illustrative purposes only and thus are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, unless otherwise indicated, the drawings are intended to be illustrative of the structural configurations described herein and are not necessarily drawn to scale.

Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a multifunctional tailstock of the turning and milling combined machine tool of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic right-view diagram of the multifunctional tailstock of the turning and milling combined machine tool of the present invention;

in the figure: 1: a chuck; 2: an index plate; 3: positioning a rod; 4: a spring; 5: a right thrust bearing; 6: a right radial bearing; 7: an elastic collet; 8: locking a screw plug; 9: a hollow shaft; 10: a support; 11: a large nut; 12: a screw; 13: a sliding bearing; 14: a hand wheel; 15: fastening a nut; 16: a locking shaft; 17: locking the handle; 18: a right pull rod; 19: a right pressing block; 20: a right cam; 21: a slide base; 22: a left cam; 23: pressing the left block; 24: a left pull rod; 25: a jaw; 26: an index plate screw; 27: a left thrust bearing; 28: a left radial bearing; 29: a chuck screw; 30: and a pressure plate nut.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration exemplary embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. Although these exemplary embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be realized and that various changes to the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The following more detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is presented for purposes of illustration only and not limitation to provide the best mode contemplated for carrying out the invention and to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is to be limited only by the following claims.

The detailed description and exemplary embodiments of the invention may be better understood when read in conjunction with the following drawings, where the elements and features of the invention are identified by reference numerals.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the right end of the chuck 1 is fixedly connected to the left end of the hollow shaft 9 by a chuck screw 29, and the axes of the chuck 1 and the hollow shaft 9 are kept coincident. The right end face of the chuck 1 is provided with axial blind holes which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the central angle of each adjacent blind hole is 15 degrees or 10 degrees and is used for accurate indexing positioning.

The left side of a hollow shaft 9 with a central through hole is supported in the through hole at the upper part of a support 10 by a bearing group, a left radial bearing 28 and a left thrust bearing 27 are arranged at the left side of the shaft shoulder of the hollow shaft 9, a right thrust bearing 5 and a right radial bearing 6 are arranged at the right side of the shaft shoulder of the hollow shaft 9, and an indexing disc 2 is fixedly connected with the support 10 by an indexing disc screw 26 to realize the axial positioning of the bearing group.

The outer face of cylinder and the through-hole interference fit of support 10 form fixed connection in the left part of collet 7, the hole of collet 7 and the outer face of cylinder clearance fit of hollow shaft 9, the right part of collet 7 is the elastomer, the spherical outside surface of this elastomer and the interior conical surface contact of locking plug screw 8, the external screw thread of locking plug screw 8 and the internal thread connection on support 10 upper portion, the elastomer deformation of collet 7 makes collet 7 and hollow shaft 9 hold tightly when screwing up locking plug screw 8. Thus, the manual rotation of the locking screw 8 controls the rotation of the hollow shaft 9 relative to the support 10.

An angle scale is arranged on the outer circular surface of the dividing disc 2 between the chuck 1 and the support 10, and an axial gap of 0.3mm is arranged between the left end surface of the dividing disc 2 and the right end surface of the chuck 1. The locating lever 3 is located the top of multi-functional tailstock, be favorable to the operation of chuck 1 graduation rotation, the axial through-hole that locating lever 3 passed graduated disk 2 and support 10 forms L shape structure with operating handle fixed connection, locating lever 3 is located right extreme position under the effect of spring 4 and makes the left end sphere of locating lever 3 and the right-hand member face contactless of chuck 1, during accurate graduation location manual operation locating lever 3 moves left and carries out accurate graduation location in inserting the blind hole of 1 right-hand member face of chuck, also can carry out free graduation location according to the scale of graduated disk 2. After the chuck 1 is positioned, the locking screw plug 8 is rotated to keep the corner position of the chuck 1 unchanged.

The dovetail groove at the lower part of the support 10 is in clearance fit with a horizontal dovetail guide rail arranged at the upper part of the sliding seat 21 to form a moving pair, the large nut 11 is installed in a cylindrical hole at the lower right side of the support 10 and is fixedly connected with the support 10 through a screw so as to be beneficial to abrasion and replacement of the large nut 11, the trapezoidal thread of the large nut 11 is matched with the screw 12 to form a screw pair, the screw 12 is supported in a through hole at the right end of the sliding seat 21 through a sliding bearing 13, the screw 12 is fixedly connected with the hand wheel 14 through a key and a fastening nut 15, and the moving amount of the support 10 relative to the sliding seat 21 can be accurately adjusted by rotating the hand wheel 14.

The flat guide surface and the V-shaped guide surface arranged at the bottom of the sliding seat 21 are matched with a lathe guide rail, the sliding seat 21 can move in a large range along the lathe guide rail, and the multifunctional tailstock is locked by a locking mechanism after moving and positioning to keep the position of the multifunctional tailstock relative to the lathe guide rail unchanged. The left part of the locking shaft 16 is fixedly connected with the left cam 22, the middle part of the locking shaft 16 is fixedly connected with the right cam 20, the right end of the locking shaft 16 is fixedly connected with the locking handle 17, the contour surfaces of the left cam 22 and the right cam 20 with the same structure are simultaneously contacted with the top surface of the dovetail guide rail of the sliding seat 21, the ear rings arranged at the upper ends of the left pull rod 24 and the right pull rod 18 with the same structure are respectively hinged with the locking shaft 16, and the left pull rod 24 and the right pull rod 18 respectively penetrate through the holes of the sliding seat 21 and are fixedly connected with the left pressing block 23 and the right pressing block 19. The locking handle 17 drives the locking shaft 16 to rotate forward or reversely to drive the left pressing block 23 and the right pressing block 19 to lift synchronously, the left pressing block 23 and the right pressing block 19 which rise simultaneously contact with the lathe guide rail to form two pressing points, and the left pressing block 23 and the right pressing block 19 which fall simultaneously are separated from contacting with the lathe guide rail. Due to the self-locking effect of the cam, the pressing force generated by the left pressing block 23 and the right pressing block 19 is stable and reliable.

When the sliding seat 21 is fixed relative to the lathe guide rail, the hand wheel 14 is rotated to enable the jaw 25 to move along with the support 10, and the fixed jaw on one side of the lathe headstock is matched to clamp and position a workpiece on a large lathe carriage, so that the use of special clamps can be reduced, the clamping flexibility of the workpiece is improved, and the processing cost of the workpiece is reduced.

Fig. 2 is a right-side view schematic diagram of the multifunctional tailstock of the turning and milling combined machine tool of the present invention.

The axes of the hollow shaft 9 and the elastic chuck 7 are overlapped, the axis of the positioning rod 3 is positioned on the symmetrical plane of the support 10, the locking screw plug 8 is provided with a radial operating rod, and the locking screw plug 8 is manually operated to rotate left and right to realize the holding and separation control of the elastic chuck 7 on the hollow shaft 9. Due to the self-locking effect of the threads connected with the locking screw plug 8 and the support 10, the elastic chuck 7 tightly holds the hollow shaft 9 and is not easy to loosen and separate, and the chuck 1 clamps a workpiece and is stable in processing quality when the workpiece is positioned and processed.

The dovetail groove at the lower part of the support 10 is in clearance fit with the dovetail guide rail of the sliding seat 21, and the hand wheel 14 positioned right below the hollow shaft 9 rotates to enable the support 10 to move along the longitudinal direction of the dovetail guide rail. The chuck 1 can realize axial feeding when clamping a cutter; when in drilling and milling, the jaw 25 of the support 10 is used as a movable jaw to clamp and position a workpiece.

The right pressing block 19 and the left pressing block 23 which are identical in structure are both located below the sliding base 21, the right pressing block 19 is fixedly connected with the right pull rod 18 through a pressing plate nut 30, the locking handle 17 shown in the figure is located in a state that the sliding base 21 is locked, and at the moment, two ends of the right pressing block 19 press a lathe guide rail. The lock handle 17 rotates anticlockwise, the left pressing block 23 and the right pressing block 19 are separated from the lathe guide rail, and the sliding seat 21 is in a movable state.

Claims (5)

1. The multifunctional tailstock of the turning and milling combined machine tool is characterized by comprising a support (10), a chuck (1), a hollow shaft (9), a bearing group, an index plate (2), a positioning rod (3), an elastic chuck (7), a locking screw plug (8), a large nut (11), a sliding seat (21), a screw rod (12) and a locking mechanism;

the support (10) is a geometric combination body with a symmetrical structure, a horizontal cylindrical through hole is formed in the upper portion of the geometric combination body, a dovetail groove is formed in the lower portion of the geometric combination body, the center of the cylindrical through hole and the symmetry plane of the dovetail groove are located on the symmetry plane of the support (10), a jaw (25) is arranged on the left lower side of the support (10), a horizontal cylindrical hole is formed in the right lower side of the support (10), and the axis of the cylindrical hole is located on the symmetry plane of the support (10);

the chuck (1) is of an axisymmetric structure, a cylindrical through hole is formed in the center of the chuck, axial blind holes are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction on the right end face of the chuck (1), the right end of the chuck (1) is fixedly connected with the left end of the hollow shaft (9), and the axes of the chuck (1) and the hollow shaft (9) are overlapped;

the hollow shaft (9) is of an axisymmetric structure, the central through hole of the hollow shaft is a cylindrical hole, the diameter of the hole is the same as that of the through hole of the chuck (1), the left side of the hollow shaft (9) is supported in the through hole at the upper part of the support (10) by the bearing group, the shaft shoulder of the hollow shaft (9) is contacted with the bearing inner ring of the bearing group, and the right side of the hollow shaft (9) is in clearance fit with the inner hole of the elastic chuck (7);

the bearing group comprises a left radial bearing (28), a left thrust bearing (27), a right radial bearing (6) and a right thrust bearing (5), the left radial bearing (28) and the right radial bearing (6) adopt roller bearings, the left thrust bearing (27) and the right thrust bearing (5) adopt thrust ball bearings, the left radial bearing (28) and the left thrust bearing (27) are positioned on the left side of a shaft shoulder of the hollow shaft (9), the right radial bearing (6) and the right thrust bearing (5) are positioned on the right side of the shaft shoulder of the hollow shaft (9), inner and outer rings of the left radial bearing (28) and the right radial bearing (6) are respectively in close fit with the shaft diameter of the hollow shaft (9) and a through hole of the support (10), and the indexing disc (2) is fixedly connected with the support (10) to axially position the bearing group;

the indexing disc (2) is of an axisymmetric structure, the axis of the indexing disc coincides with the axis of the hollow shaft (9), the indexing disc (2) is positioned between the chuck (1) and the support (10), the outer circular surface of the indexing disc (2) is provided with angle scales, and the left end surface of the indexing disc (2) and the right end surface of the chuck (1) are provided with an axial gap of 0.3 mm;

the positioning rod (3) is of an L-shaped structure, the positioning rod (3) is in clearance fit with the indexing disc (2) and an axial through hole of the support (10), the positioning rod (3) is located at the right limit position under the action of the spring (4) so that the left end of the positioning rod (3) is not in contact with the right end face of the chuck (1), and the positioning rod (3) moves leftwards and is inserted into a blind hole in the right end face of the chuck (1) to form accurate clearance fit during indexing positioning;

the elastic chuck (7) is of an axisymmetric structure, the axis of the elastic chuck coincides with the axes of through holes at the upper parts of the hollow shaft (9) and the support (10), an inner hole of the elastic chuck (7) is in clearance fit with the outer cylindrical surface of the hollow shaft (9), the outer cylindrical surface at the left part of the elastic chuck (7) is in interference fit with the through hole of the support (10) to form fixed connection, the right part of the elastic chuck (7) is an elastic body, and the outer spherical surface of the elastic body is in contact with the inner conical surface of the locking screw plug (8);

the external thread of the locking screw plug (8) is connected with the internal thread at the upper part of the support (10), and when the locking screw plug (8) is screwed down, the elastic body of the elastic chuck (7) deforms to enable the elastic chuck (7) and the hollow shaft (9) to be tightly held to form fixed connection;

the large nut (11) is arranged in a cylindrical hole on the lower right side of the support (10) and is fixedly connected with the support (10), the large nut (11) is provided with a trapezoidal threaded hole, and the screw rod (12) is matched to form a screw pair;

the slide seat (21) is of a symmetrical structure, the symmetrical surface of the slide seat (21) is superposed with the symmetrical surface of the support (10), the upper part of the slide seat (21) is provided with a horizontal dovetail guide rail, the guide rail is in clearance fit with the dovetail groove at the lower part of the support (10) to form a moving pair, the bottom of the slide seat (21) is provided with a flat guide surface and a V-shaped guide surface which are matched with a lathe guide rail, and the right end of the slide seat (21) is provided with a horizontal through hole;

the screw rod (12) is of an axisymmetric structure, the axis of the screw rod is overlapped with the axis of a threaded hole of the large nut (11), the left end of the screw rod (12) is provided with a shaft diameter which is larger than the external diameter of the threaded hole and is used as a stopper, and the right end of the screw rod (12) is supported in a through hole at the right end of the sliding seat (21) by a bearing and is fixedly connected with the hand wheel (14);

locking mechanism includes locking axle (16), pull rod, briquetting and cam, locking axle (16) fixed connection cam, the right-hand member and locking handle (17) fixed connection of locking axle (16), the upper end of pull rod sets up earrings and locking axle (16) articulated, the hole clearance fit of the middle part of pull rod and slide (21), pull rod lower extreme and briquetting fixed connection, the briquetting is located the lower part of tailstock.

2. The multifunctional tailstock of a turning and milling combined machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the chuck (1) is a standard part of a lathe, and 3 or 4 claws are arranged on the left side of the chuck.

3. The multifunctional tailstock of a turning and milling combined machine tool as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the locking screw plug (8) adopts a triangular fine thread, and a control rod is arranged in the radial direction of the locking screw plug.

4. The multifunctional tailstock of a turning and milling combined machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the pull rod comprises a left pull rod (24) and a right pull rod (18), and the left pull rod (24) and the right pull rod (18) are identical in structure.

5. The multifunctional tailstock of a turning and milling combined machine tool as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the pressing block comprises a left pressing block (23) and a right pressing block (19), and the left pressing block (23) and the right pressing block (19) are identical in structure.

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