CN214403754U - Ratchet piston internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a ratchet piston internal-combustion engine, annular cylinder casing and ratchet dish form annular cylinder, are provided with the ratchet piston on the ratchet dish, and the ratchet piston is unidirectional rotation in annular cylinder. The pawl sealing door is installed on the annular cylinder shell, when the ratchet wheel piston rotates to the position of the pawl sealing door, the pawl sealing door retracts to be opened under the jacking action of the front side inclined plane of the ratchet wheel piston, after the ratchet wheel piston rotates to pass through the position of the pawl sealing door, the pawl sealing door pops out to be closed under the action of the spring, the intake valve and the fuel control valve are controlled to be opened or closed by the intake valve control cam, air enters a closed cylinder space between the pawl sealing door and the ratchet wheel piston when the intake valve is opened, and meanwhile, the fuel nozzle sprays fuel to the closed cylinder space. When the mixed gas of air and fuel reaches a certain volume, the inlet valve and the fuel control valve are closed, the distributor is electrified under the control of the ignition control cam, and the spark plug discharges to ignite the mixed gas to drive the ratchet piston to rotate.

Description

Ratchet piston internal combustion engine

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an internal combustion engine equipment, especially an internal combustion engine.

Background

The existing piston type internal combustion engine is divided into a reciprocating piston type and a rotary piston type. One of the reciprocating piston internal combustion engines adopts gas to expand in a cylinder to push a piston to reciprocate linearly, and the piston drives a crankshaft to rotate through a connecting rod. The internal combustion engine converts the linear reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion through the connecting rod crankshaft, so the internal combustion engine has the advantages of complex transmission structure, more loss and low heat efficiency. The other rotary piston internal combustion engine adopts gas to directly push a piston (rotor) to rotate, and although the rotary piston internal combustion engine has the characteristics of high power, small vibration, stable operation, simple and light structure, the engine is only suitable for high rotating speed, and has poor fuel economy, poor low-speed performance and poor exhaust performance. In addition, the two piston type internal combustion engines have short torque arm of output torque, namely the crankshaft rotation radius of the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine and the rotor radius of the rotary piston internal combustion engine. Therefore, the performance at the time of low-speed operation is poor. And the working processes of the two piston type internal combustion engines have gas compression processes, so that certain heat energy needs to be absorbed. Thereby reducing thermal efficiency and increasing fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome among the prior art that piston internal-combustion engine structure is complicated, drive mechanism is many, output power's the little shortcoming of crankshaft radius and rotary piston rotor radius, and the process of doing work all has the gas compression process, the defect that the thermal efficiency is low, the utility model provides an annular cylinder, ratchet piston fix at ratchet dish excircle to rotary motion is done in annular cylinder, forms an airtight combustion chamber between pawl sealing door and the ratchet piston in annular cylinder, promotes the rotatory work of doing of ratchet piston through the inflation of combustion gas.

The technical scheme for solving the technical problem is as follows: a ratchet piston internal combustion engine comprises an annular cylinder formed by an annular cylinder shell and a ratchet disc, wherein the ratchet disc is provided with a ratchet piston, and the ratchet piston rotates in the annular cylinder to drive the ratchet disc to rotate together and output torque to do work through a transmission shaft. The pawl sealing door is installed on the annular cylinder shell, a pawl sliding sealing surface on the pawl sealing door is in sliding contact with and seals the outer circle surface of the ratchet wheel disc and the front side inclined surface of the ratchet wheel piston in the rotating direction, the front side inclined surface of the ratchet wheel piston in the rotating direction is a plane tangent to the outer circle surface of the ratchet wheel disc, and when the ratchet wheel piston rotates to the position of the pawl sealing door, the pawl sealing door retracts and opens under the action of the jacking force of the front side inclined surface of the ratchet wheel piston in the rotating direction, so that the phenomenon that the ratchet wheel piston impacts the pawl sealing door cannot occur. After the ratchet piston rotates past the position of the pawl sealing door, the pawl sealing door pops out and closes under the action of a spring, the air inlet valve control cam synchronously rotates with the transmission shaft through the belt pulley and the timing belt, the air inlet valve and the fuel control valve are opened under the action of the air inlet valve control cam, air enters a sealed cylinder space between the pawl sealing door and the ratchet piston, and meanwhile, the fuel nozzle sprays fuel to the sealed cylinder space. When the ratchet piston rotates by a certain angle, the inlet valve control cam also synchronously rotates by a certain angle, the acting force of the inlet valve control cam disappears, the inlet valve is closed under the action of the compression spring, the spark plug ignites at the moment, and the mixed gas combusts and expands and pushes the ratchet piston to rotate to apply work. The exhaust valve is a normally closed one-way check valve, and in the process from the rotation of the ratchet piston through the position of the intake valve to the exhaust valve, the front side inclined plane of the rotation direction of the ratchet piston extrudes the residual waste gas after primary combustion, so that the gas pressure in the cylinder is increased, the exhaust valve is opened under the action of the gas pressure in the cylinder, and the residual waste gas is completely discharged out of the cylinder under the pushing of the ratchet piston. After the ratchet piston rotates past the exhaust valve, the continuously expanded gas opens the exhaust valve through self pressure and discharges part of the waste gas. A bearing is arranged between the annular cylinder shell and the transmission shaft, and a cooling water device is arranged outside the annular cylinder shell. A ratchet piston internal combustion engine is provided with an ignition system, a fuel system and a cooling water system.

The beneficial effects are that: the pawl sealing door and the ratchet wheel piston directly form a closed cylinder space in the annular cylinder shell, and the mixed gas of fuel and air is combusted and expanded in the closed cylinder space to do work, so that the ratchet wheel piston and the ratchet wheel disk are pushed to rotate, and torque is output through the transmission shaft. The loss of a connecting rod crankshaft mechanism of the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine is effectively eliminated, and the loss of the piston internal combustion engine in the process of compressing gas is eliminated.

Description of the drawings: FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention (air intake schematic view of a ratchet piston internal combustion engine); FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the portion A in FIG. 1 (a view of the pawl seal door); FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a ratchet piston internal combustion engine doing work; FIG. 4 is a schematic exhaust diagram of a ratchet piston internal combustion engine; FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the pawl seal door in an open position; fig. 6 is a partially enlarged view (exhaust valve structure view) of the position B in fig. 5. In the figure, 1, a ratchet piston, 2, a pawl sealing door, 3, an annular cylinder, 4, an inlet valve, 5, an exhaust valve, 6, a spark plug, 7, a transmission shaft, 8, a ratchet disc, 9, an annular cylinder shell, 10, a pawl sealing door rotating shaft, 11, an inlet valve compression spring, 12, an inlet valve control cam, 13, a fuel nozzle, 14, a pawl sealing door compression spring, 15, a pawl sliding sealing surface, 16, an exhaust valve rotating shaft, 17, an exhaust valve compression spring, 18, a support, 19, a belt pulley, 20, a timing belt, 21, a distributor, 22, a fuel control valve, 23, a cooling water device, 24, a ratchet piston front side inclined surface, 25, a ratchet piston rear side surface, 26, an ignition control cam, P1, a pawl sealing door compression spring acting force and direction thereof, P2, an exhaust valve compression spring acting force and direction thereof, A, 2, a partial enlargement position, B, and 6 are shown.

The specific implementation mode is as follows: the ratchet piston internal combustion engine is fixed in the mounted position by a support 18. The ratchet piston internal combustion engine comprises an annular cylinder shell 9 and a ratchet disc 8, wherein a pawl sealing door 2, an annular cylinder 3, an inlet valve 4, an exhaust valve 5, a spark plug 6, a fuel nozzle 13 and a support 18 are arranged on the annular cylinder shell 9, a ratchet piston 1 is arranged on the ratchet disc 8, the ratchet disc 8 is arranged on a transmission shaft 7 and is fixed at a relative position with the annular cylinder shell 9 through the transmission shaft 7, at least one pawl sealing door 2, one annular cylinder 3, one inlet valve 4, one exhaust valve 5, one spark plug 6 and one fuel nozzle 13 are arranged on the annular cylinder shell 9, at least one ratchet piston 1 is arranged on the ratchet disc 8, the annular cylinder shell 9, the ratchet disc 8, the pawl sealing door 2, the ratchet piston 1 and the inlet valve 4 form a closed cylinder space, and mixed gas of air and fuel burns and expands in the closed cylinder space, the ratchet piston 1 is pushed and drives the ratchet disc 8 and the transmission shaft 7 to rotate, and the ratchet piston internal combustion engine is provided with an ignition system, a fuel system and a cooling water system. The intake valve 4 is mounted on an annular cylinder housing 9 through a valve shaft hole and is interlocked with the transmission shaft 7 through an intake valve compression spring 11, an intake valve control cam 12, a pulley 19, and a timing belt 20. As shown in fig. 1: the air inlet time of the air inlet valve 4 and the fuel injection time of the fuel nozzle 13 are controlled by the rotation of an air inlet valve control cam 12, the air inlet valve control cam 12 is arranged in parallel with the axis line of the transmission shaft 7, so that a timing belt transmission condition is provided, and the air inlet valve control cam 12 synchronously rotates through a belt pulley 19, a timing belt 20 and the transmission shaft 7. The ratchet piston rear side surface 25, when rotated to the position of the intake valve 4, the pawl seal door 2 springs out closed (see fig. 2) under the force P1 of the pawl seal door compression spring 14 and closes the space between the annular cylinder housing 9 and the ratchet plate 8. Meanwhile, the air inlet valve 4 and the fuel control valve 22 are opened under the action of the acting force of the air inlet valve control cam 12, the air inlet valve 4 is used for introducing air, the fuel nozzle 13 is used for spraying fuel, and the air and the fuel enter a space between the ratchet piston 1 and the pawl sealing door 2, which is enlarged due to the rotation of the ratchet piston 1, and are fully mixed. When the transmission shaft 7 drives the air inlet valve control cam 12 to rotate for a certain angle through the timing belt 20, the acting force of the air inlet valve control cam 12 disappears, the air inlet valve 4 and the fuel control valve 22 are closed under the action of the air inlet valve compression spring, air inlet and fuel injection are stopped, and the process is the air inlet process of the ratchet piston internal combustion engine. As shown in fig. 3: the ratchet piston 1 and the transmission shaft 7 rotate by a certain angle along the rotation direction, the intake valve control cam 12 is driven to synchronously rotate by a certain angle through the timing belt 20 and the belt pulley 19, the acting force exerted on the intake valve 4 and the fuel control valve 22 by the intake valve control cam 12 disappears, the intake valve 4 is closed, the fuel control valve 13 stops spraying fuel, at the moment, a closed cylinder space is formed in an annular cylinder between the ratchet piston 1 and the pawl sealing door 2, the mixed gas of air and fuel entering the closed cylinder space reaches a certain volume, the distributor 21 is electrified under the control of the ignition control cam 26, the spark plug 6 discharges to ignite the mixed gas, the volume of the combusted gas expands and pushes the ratchet piston 1 to rotate, and the process is the working process of the ratchet piston internal combustion engine. An ignition system: a ratchet piston internal combustion engine is provided with an ignition system (see fig. 5). The ignition system is composed of a spark plug 6, a distributor 21, an ignition coil, a power supply (storage battery), a low-voltage lead and a high-voltage lead, the distributor 21 is controlled by an ignition control cam 26 which synchronously rotates with the transmission shaft 7, the distributor 21 is switched on when the air inlet process is finished, the spark plug 6 discharges to ignite mixed gas in the sealed cylinder, the distributor 21 is switched off before the working process is finished, and the spark plug 6 stops discharging. A fuel system: the ratchet piston internal combustion engine is equipped with a fuel system (see fig. 5). The fuel system consists of a fuel nozzle 13, a fuel control valve 22, an electric fuel pump, a fuel tank and a fuel pipeline, wherein the fuel control valve 22 is controlled by an intake valve control cam 12, the fuel control valve 22 is opened when an intake valve 4 is at an open position, and the fuel control valve 22 is closed when the intake valve 4 is at a closed position so as to control the fuel nozzle 13 to spray fuel. The electric fuel pump is driven by a power source (battery) and supplies fuel at a constant pressure and flow rate to the fuel nozzle 13. Cooling water system: the ratchet piston internal combustion engine is equipped with a cooling water system (see fig. 5). The cooling water system consists of a cooling water device 23 of the annular cylinder shell, a water tank, a water pump, a radiator and a circulating water pipeline. The water pump is driven by the ratchet piston internal combustion engine through a triangular belt, the water pump drives cooling water to circularly flow, heat of the annular cylinder shell is taken to the radiator, and the heat is radiated to the atmosphere through the radiator.

The annular cylinder shell 9 and the ratchet wheel disc 8 form an annular cylinder, and form a closed cylinder space with the pawl sealing door 2, the ratchet wheel piston 1 and the inlet valve 4, so that mixed gas of air and fuel is combusted in the closed cylinder space and expands to push the ratchet wheel piston 1 to rotate, and the ratchet wheel disc 8 and the transmission shaft 7 are synchronously driven to rotate.

The annular cylinder shell 9 and the ratchet wheel disk 8 form an annular cylinder, the front side inclined surface 24 of the ratchet wheel piston is an inclined surface tangent to the circumferential surface of the ratchet wheel disk 8, the pawl sliding sealing surface 15 on the pawl sealing door 2 is in sliding contact and sealing with the outer circumferential surface of the ratchet wheel disk 8 and the front side inclined surface 24 of the ratchet wheel piston, when the ratchet wheel piston 1 rotates to the position of the pawl sealing door 2, the pawl sealing door 2 retracts and opens under the jacking action of the front side inclined surface 24 of the ratchet wheel piston, and after the ratchet wheel piston 1 rotates to pass through the position of the pawl sealing door 2, the pawl sealing door 2 pops out and closes under the action of the acting force P1 of the compression spring 14 of the pawl sealing door, and a closed cylinder space is formed newly. As shown in fig. 2: the pawl sealing door 2 is fixed on the annular cylinder shell 9 through a pawl sealing door rotating shaft 10 and rotates for a certain angle around the pawl sealing door rotating shaft 10, the pawl sealing door 2 pops out and closes under the action of acting force P1 of a pawl sealing door compression spring 14, a front side inclined surface 24 of a ratchet piston is an inclined surface tangent to the outer circular surface of a ratchet disc 8, a pawl sliding sealing surface 15, the outer circular surface of the ratchet disc 8 and the front side inclined surface 24 of the ratchet piston form sliding contact and sealing, and when the ratchet piston 1 rotates to the position of the pawl sealing door 2, the pawl sealing door 2 retracts and opens under the action of jacking force of the front side inclined surface 24 of the ratchet piston. Since the ratchet piston front side slope 24 is tangent to the circumferential surface of the ratchet disc 8, the phenomenon that the ratchet piston 1 hits the pawl sealing door 2 is avoided (see fig. 5). When the ratchet piston back surface 25 rotates into the intake valve 4, the pawl seal door 2 springs out closed under the force P1 of the pawl seal door compression spring 14. The axial dimension (axial lead direction of the transmission shaft 7) of the pawl sealing door 2 (see figure 1) is larger than the axial dimension (axial lead direction of the transmission shaft 7) of the ratchet wheel disc 8 (see figure 1), and the impact force of the ejected pawl sealing door 2 is borne by an annular cylinder shell 9.

The annular cylinder shell 9 and the ratchet wheel disc 8 form an annular cylinder, the pawl sealing door 2 is popped up and closed to form two independent spaces, and one space is a mechanical exhaust space which is positioned on the front side of the ratchet wheel piston 1 in the rotation direction of the ratchet wheel piston 1; one is a sealed cylinder space in which combustion gas at the rear side of the ratchet piston 1 in the rotation direction of the ratchet piston 1 expands to do work. As shown in fig. 3: the exhaust valve 5 is a normally closed one-way check valve, in the process that the front side inclined surface 24 of the ratchet piston rotates to the exhaust valve 5 from the intake valve 4 along the rotating direction, the gas at the front side of the rotating direction of the ratchet piston 1 (namely the residual waste gas doing work last time) is extruded by the ratchet piston 1 to increase the pressure, the exhaust valve 5 is opened under the action of the gas pressure, and the residual waste gas in the annular cylinder is completely discharged out of the cylinder, which is the mechanical exhaust process of the ratchet piston internal combustion engine. As shown in fig. 4: the exhaust valve 5 is a normally closed one-way check valve, when the rear side surface 25 of the ratchet piston rotates past the position of the exhaust valve 5, the expansion of the combusted gas is finished, the combusted waste gas at the rear side of the rotation direction of the ratchet piston 1 opens the exhaust valve 5 under the action of the gas pressure, and part of the waste gas is discharged from the exhaust valve 5, and the process is the natural exhaust process of the ratchet piston internal combustion engine. As shown in fig. 6: the exhaust valve 5 is fixed on the annular cylinder shell 9 through an exhaust valve rotating shaft 16 and rotates for a certain angle around the exhaust valve rotating shaft 16, under the action of the exhaust valve compression spring 17, the exhaust valve 5 is in a normally closed state, and only when the gas pressure inside the annular cylinder 3 is larger than the sum of the P2 and the gas pressure outside the cylinder, the exhaust valve 5 is opened. The force P1 (see fig. 2) of the pawl seal door compression spring 14 is greater than the exhaust valve compression spring force P2 to avoid the pawl seal door 2 being opened by the gas pressure inside the annular cylinder 3.

Claims (4)

1. The utility model provides a ratchet piston internal-combustion engine, including annular cylinder casing (9), ratchet dish (8), be provided with pawl sealing door (2) on annular cylinder casing (9), annular cylinder (3), (4), exhaust valve (5), spark plug (6), fuel injector (13) and support (18), be provided with ratchet piston (1) on ratchet dish (8), install on transmission shaft (7) ratchet dish (8) to through transmission shaft (7) and annular cylinder casing (9) fixed relative position, its characterized in that: the annular cylinder shell (9) is at least provided with a pawl sealing door (2), an annular cylinder (3), an inlet valve (4), an exhaust valve (5), a spark plug (6) and a fuel nozzle (13), the ratchet wheel disc (8) is at least provided with a ratchet wheel piston (1), the annular cylinder shell (9), the ratchet wheel disc (8), the pawl sealing door (2), the ratchet wheel piston (1) and the inlet valve (4) form a closed cylinder space, mixed gas of air and fuel burns and expands in the closed cylinder space to push the ratchet wheel piston (1) and drive the ratchet wheel disc (8) and the transmission shaft (7) to rotate, and the ratchet wheel piston internal combustion engine is provided with an ignition system, a fuel system and a cooling water system.

2. The ratchet piston internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein: the annular cylinder shell (9) and the ratchet wheel disc (8) form an annular cylinder, and a closed cylinder space is formed by the annular cylinder shell, the pawl sealing door (2), the ratchet wheel piston (1) and the intake valve (4), so that mixed gas of air and fuel is combusted in the closed cylinder space and expands to push the ratchet wheel piston (1) to rotate, and the ratchet wheel disc (8) and the transmission shaft (7) are synchronously driven to rotate.

3. The ratchet piston internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein: an annular cylinder is formed by the annular cylinder shell (9) and the ratchet disc (8), the front side inclined plane (24) of the ratchet piston is an inclined plane tangent to the circumferential surface of the ratchet disc (8), a pawl sliding sealing surface (15) on the pawl sealing door (2) is in sliding contact with the outer circumferential surface of the ratchet disc (8) and the front side inclined plane (24) of the ratchet piston and is sealed, when the ratchet piston (1) rotates to the position of the pawl sealing door (2), the pawl sealing door (2) retracts and opens under the jacking action of the front side inclined plane (24) of the ratchet piston, and after the ratchet piston (1) rotates to the position of the pawl sealing door (2), the pawl sealing door (2) pops out and closes under the action of the action force P1 of a pawl sealing door compression spring (14) and a sealed cylinder space is formed newly.

4. The ratchet piston internal combustion engine of claim 1, wherein: the annular cylinder shell (9) and the ratchet wheel disc (8) form an annular cylinder, the pawl sealing door (2) is popped up and closed to form two independent spaces, and one space is a mechanical exhaust space which is positioned on the front side of the ratchet wheel piston (1) in the rotation direction of the ratchet wheel piston (1); one is a sealed cylinder space for expanding and doing work by combustion gas at the rear side of the ratchet piston (1) in the rotation direction of the ratchet piston (1).

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