CN214378839U - Millimeter wave band ultra-wideband patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed - Google Patents
Millimeter wave band ultra-wideband patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a millimeter wave band ultra wide band patch antenna based on integrated waveguide feed of substrate, through with upper medium base plate with lower floor's medium base plate is basic carrier, the laminating first metal level the second metal level with the third metal level, and set up on the medium base plate of lower floor the SIW resonant cavity, just is in the coupling gap is seted up to the upper surface of SIW resonant cavity, the lower surface of SIW cavity has the coplanar waveguide feed of back of the body, connects with the transition zone the SIW resonant cavity with the antenna design is accomplished to the coplanar waveguide of back of the body, has gap antenna low-profile, easy integrated and workable advantage, has more realized the function of low-loss, high efficiency, high power capacity, higher gain and the operating band of super wide. The patch antenna solves the technical problems of narrow frequency band and large loss when the traditional planar transmission line is used as feed in millimeter wave band of the patch antenna in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of antennas, especially, relate to a millimeter wave band ultra wide band patch antenna based on integrated waveguide feed of substrate.
Background
Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW), a type of slow-mode millimeter wave electronic device, has electromagnetic wave transmission characteristics similar to those of a conventional rectangular waveguide. Because the metal surfaces above and below the dielectric substrate can be regarded as the upper and lower waveguide walls of the corresponding traditional rectangular metal waveguide, the two rows of metallized through holes form two metal side walls of the rectangular waveguide. When the metal vias are properly spaced, the conducted electromagnetic wave energy is mostly confined to propagate in the medium between the metal vias. The substrate integrated waveguide planar transmission line not only has the advantages of small loss, large power capacity and high efficiency of the traditional rectangular waveguide, but also has the advantages of low profile, easy integration and easy processing of the traditional planar transmission line.
The slot antenna is an antenna formed by slot-cutting a surface current on a conductor plane to radiate electromagnetic energy outward, and is also called a slot antenna. Generally, two types can be used, one is a planar slot antenna formed by slotting a planar metal plate, and the other is a waveguide slot antenna formed by slotting a waveguide wall or a cavity wall. The slot is generally elongated in shape and is approximately one-half wavelength long. The slot antenna is most characterized by a low profile.
The patch antenna is formed by exciting various shaped patches on a dielectric plate by a proper feeding mode, and typically has a microstrip patch antenna, and can also adopt coaxial feeding, caliber coupling feeding and the like. The advantages of light weight, small volume, low profile and easy processing are its disadvantages of narrow frequency band, large loss, low gain, possible surface wave disturbing antenna radiation, especially in millimeter wave band, and more obvious corresponding problems.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a millimeter wave band ultra wide band patch antenna based on integrated waveguide feed of substrate, the frequency band that appears when aiming at solving the patch antenna among the prior art millimeter wave band adoption tradition plane transmission line as the feed is narrow, the technical problem that the loss is big.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a millimeter wave band ultra wide band patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed, including an upper dielectric substrate, a lower dielectric substrate, a first metal layer, a second metal layer and a third metal layer, wherein the first metal layer, the upper dielectric substrate, the second metal layer, the lower dielectric substrate and the third metal layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
the first metal layer is a rectangular patch array which is symmetrically arranged, the rectangular patch array comprises a central patch group, a first auxiliary patch group and a second auxiliary patch group, and is composed of 14 patches, the central patch group comprises 6 patches and 6 patches which are arranged in a 2 x 3 array, the first auxiliary patch group is arranged on two sides of the central patch group, and the second auxiliary patch group is arranged on the side of the central patch group away from the first auxiliary patch group.
The distance between the long edges of the adjacent patches is the same, and the widths of the patches in the first auxiliary patch group and the second auxiliary patch group are the same and smaller than the width of the patch in the central patch group.
The upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate are the same in width, the thickness of the upper dielectric substrate is smaller than that of the lower dielectric substrate, and the length of the upper dielectric substrate is smaller than that of the lower dielectric substrate.
The lower-layer dielectric substrate is provided with a plurality of through holes, and an open-circuit trapezoid-like region is formed in the lower-layer dielectric substrate by the through holes in a circling mode to form the SIW resonant cavity.
The upper surface of the SIW resonant cavity is provided with a coupling gap, the coupling gap is in a strip shape, and the coupling gap is close to and parallel to the short-circuit long edge of the SIW resonant cavity.
The millimeter-wave band ultra-wideband patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed further comprises a back-to-ground coplanar waveguide, the back-to-ground coplanar waveguide is fixedly connected with the SIW resonant cavity and is located on the lower surface of the SIW resonant cavity, and one end of the back-to-ground coplanar waveguide extends to the edge of the lower medium substrate.
The back-ground coplanar waveguide comprises a central conduction band and two gaps, the central conduction band is arranged in the middle of the edge of the lower dielectric substrate, and the two gaps are respectively positioned on the sides of the central conduction band.
The millimeter-wave band ultra-wideband patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed further comprises a transition band, wherein the transition band is connected with the SIW resonant cavity and the back-to-ground coplanar waveguide and is positioned on the lower surface of the SIW resonant cavity.
The utility model discloses a millimeter wave band ultra wide band patch antenna based on integrated waveguide feed of substrate, through with upper medium base plate with lower floor's medium base plate is basic carrier, the laminating first metal level the second metal level with the third metal level, and set up on the medium base plate of lower floor the SIW resonant cavity, just is in the coupling gap is seted up to the upper surface of SIW resonant cavity, the lower surface of SIW cavity has the coplanar waveguide feed of back of the body, connects with the transition zone the SIW resonant cavity with the antenna design is accomplished to coplanar waveguide of back of the body, has the low section of slot antenna, easy integration and easy processing's advantage, has more realized the function of the working band of low-loss, high efficiency, high power capacity, higher gain and super wide. The patch antenna solves the technical problems of narrow frequency band and large loss when the traditional planar transmission line is used as feed in millimeter wave band of the patch antenna in the prior art.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a millimeter-wave band ultra-wideband patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the millimeter-wave ultra-wideband patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the upper dielectric substrate of the millimeter-wave ultra-wideband patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a top view of the lower dielectric substrate of the millimeter-wave ultra-wideband patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a bottom view of the lower dielectric substrate of the millimeter wave band ultra-wideband patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the variation of return loss with frequency according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the gain curve of an embodiment of the present invention as a function of frequency.
Fig. 8 is an E, H plane radiation pattern at 24GHz for an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 is an E, H plane radiation pattern at 27GHz for an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 10 is an E, H plane radiation pattern at 30GHz for an embodiment of the invention.
1-upper dielectric substrate, 2-lower dielectric substrate, 3-first metal layer, 31-central patch group, 32-first auxiliary patch group, 33-second auxiliary patch group, 34-spacing distance, 35-cutting gap, 4-second metal layer, 5-third metal layer, 6-SIW resonant cavity, 7-coupling gap, 8-ground coplanar waveguide, 81-central conduction band, 82-gap, 9-transition band, 91-middle conductor band, and 92-transition band gap.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used for explaining the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the present invention provides a millimeter wave band ultra wide band patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed, including an upper dielectric substrate 1, a lower dielectric substrate 2, a first metal layer 3, a second metal layer 4 and a third metal layer 5, wherein the first metal layer 3, the upper dielectric substrate 1, the second metal layer 4, the lower dielectric substrate 2 and the third metal layer 5 are sequentially disposed from top to bottom;
the first metal layer 3 is a rectangular patch array which is symmetrically arranged, the rectangular patch array comprises a central patch group 31, a first auxiliary patch group 32 and a second auxiliary patch group 33 which are formed by 14 patches, the central patch group 31 comprises 6 patches and 6 patches which are arranged in a 2 x 3 array, the first auxiliary patch group 32 is arranged on two sides of the central patch group 31, and the second auxiliary patch group 33 is arranged on the side of the central patch group 31 away from the first auxiliary patch group 32.
The spacing distance 34 between the long sides of the adjacent patches is the same, and the widths of the patches in the first subsidiary patch group 32 and the second subsidiary patch group 33 are the same and smaller than the width of the patches in the central patch group 31.
The width of the upper dielectric substrate 1 is the same as that of the lower dielectric substrate 2, the thickness of the upper dielectric substrate 1 is smaller than that of the lower dielectric substrate 2, and the length of the upper dielectric substrate 1 is smaller than that of the lower dielectric substrate 2.
The lower-layer dielectric substrate 2 is provided with a plurality of through holes, and an open-circuit trapezoid-like region is formed on the lower-layer dielectric substrate 2 by the through holes to form a SIW resonant cavity 6.
The upper surface of the SIW resonant cavity 6 is provided with a coupling gap 7, the coupling gap 7 is in a strip shape, and the coupling gap 7 is close to and parallel to the short-circuit long side of the SIW resonant cavity 6.
The millimeter-wave band ultra-wideband patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed further comprises a back-to-ground coplanar waveguide 8, wherein the back-to-ground coplanar waveguide 8 is fixedly connected with the SIW resonant cavity 6 and is positioned on the lower surface of the SIW resonant cavity 6, and one end of the back-to-ground coplanar waveguide 8 extends to the edge of the lower dielectric substrate 2.
The back ground coplanar waveguide 8 comprises a central conduction band 81 and two slits 82, wherein the central conduction band 81 is arranged in the middle of the edge of the lower dielectric substrate 2, and the two slits 82 are respectively positioned at the sides of the central conduction band 81.
The millimeter-wave band ultra-wideband patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed further comprises a transition band 9, wherein the transition band 9 is connected with the SIW resonant cavity 6 and the back-to-ground coplanar waveguide 8 and is positioned on the lower surface of the SIW resonant cavity 6.
Further, the central patch group 31 is provided with a cutting slit 35 parallel to the short side of the patch, and the patches of the central patch group 31 are symmetrically arranged with the cutting slit 35 as a central line.
The transition band 9 is composed of a middle conductor band 91 and two transition band gaps 92, the middle conductor band 91 and the two transition band gaps 92 are enclosed to form a trapezoid-like shape, and the width of the middle conductor band 91 is the same as that of the central conductor band 81.
In this embodiment, the SIW resonant cavity 6 is located in the lower dielectric substrate 2, the edge of the open end of the SIW resonant cavity is the edge of the lower dielectric substrate 2, the SIW resonant cavity 6 is adjusted to have a ladder-like structure to reduce the insertion loss, improve the transmission characteristic, and obtain the required main resonant cavity mode, the resonant frequency of the main resonant cavity mode is 24.25GHz, and the main resonant cavity mode is located in the low frequency band of the antenna operating band, so that the impedance matching of the antenna low frequency band can be obviously improved.
Compared with the traditional planar transmission line such as a microstrip line, a strip line and the like, the transmission line corresponding to the SIW resonant cavity 6 can greatly improve the power capacity and efficiency of the antenna, and has very low transmission loss. The coupling slot 7 is long, located on the upper surface of the SIW resonant cavity 6, near and parallel to the wider short-circuited end of the SIW resonant cavity 6. The coupling slot 7 together with the SIW resonant cavity 6 form a cavity-backed slot antenna as a feed mode for the proposed patch antenna. When the coupling feeding is performed, the length, the width and the offset distance from the wider short-circuit end of the SIW resonant cavity 6 of the coupling slot 7 all affect the input impedance matching of the feeding end of the antenna, wherein the effect of the width is poor.
The back-to-ground coplanar waveguide 8 is positioned in the center of the lower surface of the SIW resonant cavity 6, and one end of the back-to-ground coplanar waveguide 8 is positioned at the edge of the lower dielectric substrate 2. The width of the central conducting strip 81 and the width of the slots 82 on both sides affect the impedance matching of the antenna, and the width of the central conducting strip 81 and the width of the slots 82 on both sides are carefully adjusted to reduce energy reflection and avoid short circuits when connected to a 2.92mm rf coaxial connector.
The effect of the transition zone 9 is to achieve a smooth transition of energy from the back-ground coplanar waveguide 8 to the SIW resonant cavity 6, with less reflection. The performance of the antenna is affected by the insertion loss due to the energy transition.
Referring to fig. 6 to 10, the present invention further provides an embodiment, and the simulation software is used to perform passive feature model simulation to verify the working frequency band and power consumption:
the upper dielectric substrate 1 and the lower dielectric substrate 2 are both made of Rogers RT5880 materials, the relative dielectric constant of the upper dielectric substrate and the relative dielectric loss of the lower dielectric substrate are 2.2, and 0.0009. The thickness of the upper dielectric substrate 1 is 1mm, the length is 8.48mm, and the width is 8.48 mm. The thickness of the lower dielectric substrate 2 is 1.575mm, the length is 11.6mm, and the width is 8.48 mm.
The first metal layer 3 is an adjusted 2 × 7 planar rectangular patch array, wherein the 2 × 3 patches in the array are widened to expand the bandwidth of the patch radiation main characteristic mode and improve the gain. The patch width of the first metal layer 3 is not as wide as possible, and through adjustment, the length of each large rectangular patch size is set to be 2.35mm, the width is set to be 1.4mm, the patch widths of the first subsidiary patch group 32 and the second subsidiary patch group 33 are both 0.5mm, and the lengths are appropriately shortened to suppress a high-order mode, and simultaneously, the effect of improving the gain is achieved, and approximately 0.4dBi is improved. The long sides of the rectangular patch are all 0.1mm apart by a distance 34, and the width of the cutting slit 35 in the center of the 2 x 3 rectangular patch in the middle and parallel to the short sides of the rectangular patch is 0.31 mm. This width has some effect on the matching of the feed input impedance of the antenna patch, 0.31mm being a suitable optimum value. The resonant frequency of the radiation main characteristic mode of the first metal layer 3 is 28.98GHz, and the first metal layer is positioned in the high-frequency band of the antenna radiation bandwidth, so that the impedance matching of the high-frequency band of the antenna working bandwidth can be obviously improved, the reflection coefficient generates a corresponding impedance resonance point which is positioned near 29.98GHz, and some high-order modes of the first metal layer which can be excited simultaneously so as to cause interference to the antenna radiation pattern are better suppressed.
The diameter of the through holes of the SIW resonant cavity 6 is adjusted to be 0.5mm, the center distance is 0.75mm, and the value of the center distance can also be adjusted to be slightly larger, so that the electromagnetic waves can be ensured not to leak out when being transmitted in the substrate integrated waveguide.
The length of the coupling gap 7 is 4.5mm, the width is 0.31mm, and the offset between the coupling gap 7 and the center of the short-circuit end metal through hole of the SIW resonant cavity 6 is 0.55 mm.
Considering that the probe diameter of the connector is 0.3mm, the width of the central conduction band 81 and the width of the slots 82 on both sides are 0.5mm and 0.35mm, respectively, by adjusting the parameters of the back-ground coplanar waveguide 8.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the curves have two resonance points, 24.4GHz and 30.2GHz, respectively. The generation of the first resonance point is due to the main cavity mode of the SIW cavity 6 resonating at 24.25 GHz. When the cavity resonates, the coupling gap 7 generates the maximum coupling electric field to act on the radiation patch, namely the first metal layer 3, so that the main radiation characteristic mode of the radiation patch is also strongly excited beyond the resonance point of 28.98GH, thereby greatly improving impedance matching and generating a new impedance resonance point. The second resonance point is due to the first metal layer 3 resonating in the main characteristic mode at 28.98GHz, which can be found to be shifted to high frequencies by approximately 1 GHz. This is attributable to the capacitive loading of the first metal layer 3 by the coupling slot 7. The millimeter-wave band ultra-wideband patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed has the absolute bandwidth of 23.14GHz-31.2GHz and the relative bandwidth of 29.67%. Therefore, the millimeter-wave band ultra-wideband patch antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide feed realizes ultra-wideband, the gain realized in the impedance bandwidth is 6.27-7.9dBi, and the gain is higher.
Fig. 8 to 10 show the E and H plane radiation patterns of the embodiments of the present invention at 24GHz, 27GHz, and 29GHz, respectively. The millimeter-wave band ultra-wideband patch antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide feed has the gain of 7.13dBi, 7.82dBi and 7.42dBi at the three frequency points respectively. The millimeter-wave band ultra-wideband patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed is symmetrical in H-plane patterns of the three frequency points, and the E-plane patterns of the three frequency points are inclined to different degrees, namely-9 degrees, -11 degrees and-6 degrees. The tilt of the E-plane is mainly due to the asymmetry of the antenna's floor in the E-plane. Both the E-plane and H-plane back lobes increase slightly with increasing frequency.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A millimeter wave band ultra-wideband patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed is characterized in that,
the metal-clad laminate comprises an upper dielectric substrate, a lower dielectric substrate, a first metal layer, a second metal layer and a third metal layer, wherein the first metal layer, the upper dielectric substrate, the second metal layer, the lower dielectric substrate and the third metal layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
the first metal layer is a rectangular patch array which is symmetrically arranged, the rectangular patch array comprises a central patch group, a first auxiliary patch group and a second auxiliary patch group, and is composed of 14 patches, the central patch group comprises 6 patches and 6 patches which are arranged in a 2 x 3 array, the first auxiliary patch group is arranged on two sides of the central patch group, and the second auxiliary patch group is arranged on the side of the central patch group away from the first auxiliary patch group.
2. The millimeter-wave band ultra-wideband patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed of claim 1,
the spacing distance between the long edges of the adjacent patches is the same, and the widths of the patches in the first auxiliary patch group and the second auxiliary patch group are the same and smaller than the width of the patch in the central patch group.
3. The millimeter-wave band ultra-wideband patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed of claim 2,
the upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate are the same in width, the thickness of the upper dielectric substrate is smaller than that of the lower dielectric substrate, and the length of the upper dielectric substrate is smaller than that of the lower dielectric substrate.
4. The millimeter-wave band ultra-wideband patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed of claim 3,
the lower-layer dielectric substrate is provided with a plurality of through holes, and an open-circuit trapezoid-like region is encircled on the lower-layer dielectric substrate through the through holes to form a SIW resonant cavity.
5. The millimeter-wave band ultra-wideband patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed of claim 4,
the upper surface of the SIW resonant cavity is provided with a coupling gap, the coupling gap is in a long strip shape, and the coupling gap is close to and parallel to the short-circuit long edge of the SIW resonant cavity.
6. The millimeter-wave band ultra-wideband patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed of claim 5,
the millimeter-wave band ultra-wideband patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed further comprises a back-to-ground coplanar waveguide, the back-to-ground coplanar waveguide is fixedly connected with the SIW resonant cavity and is located on the lower surface of the SIW resonant cavity, and one end of the back-to-ground coplanar waveguide extends to the edge of the lower-layer dielectric substrate.
7. The millimeter-wave band ultra-wideband patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed of claim 6,
the back-to-ground coplanar waveguide comprises a central conduction band and two gaps, the central conduction band is arranged in the middle of the edge of the lower dielectric substrate, and the two gaps are respectively positioned on the sides of the central conduction band.
8. The millimeter-wave band ultra-wideband patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed of claim 7,
the millimeter-wave band ultra-wideband patch antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide feed further comprises a transition band, wherein the transition band is connected with the SIW resonant cavity and the ground-backed coplanar waveguide and is positioned on the lower surface of the SIW resonant cavity.
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