CN214355524U

CN214355524U - Full-time four-wheel-drive multi-mode steering tractor suitable for small plot operation

Info

Publication number: CN214355524U
Application number: CN202120117582.7U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曲成民; 王志友; 张颖
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-01-15
Filing date: 2021-01-15
Publication date: 2021-10-08
Anticipated expiration: 2031-01-15

Abstract

The utility model provides a full-time four-wheel drive multimode steering tractor suitable for little landmass operation, including the frame, the engine, the gearbox, steering mechanism, front axle main reducer, the front wheel, rear axle main reducer and rear wheel, engine, gearbox and steering mechanism install on the frame, the power input end of gearbox connects the engine, the gearbox has three power take off end, front axle main reducer and rear axle main reducer are connected respectively to first power take off end and second power take off end, the power take off gearbox is connected to the third power take off end, the output of front axle main reducer is articulated with front axle transmission vertical axle, the front wheel is installed on front axle transmission vertical axle, rear axle main reducer's output is articulated with rear axle transmission vertical axle, the rear wheel is installed on rear axle transmission vertical axle, front axle transmission vertical axle and rear axle transmission vertical axle all are connected with steering mechanism. The utility model discloses an independent modularization installation has made things convenient for the maintenance, and complete machine turning radius very reduces, and the probability of sinking into the car is very reduced, the operation of specially adapted paddy field little landmass.

Description

Full-time four-wheel-drive multi-mode steering tractor suitable for small plot operation

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a tractor for being directed at farmland and carry out farming and crops transportation belongs to agricultural machine technical field.

Background

The engine, the gearbox, the front and rear drive axles, the rear output gearbox and other parts of the traditional tractor are mutually connected and integrated into a whole, so that the assembly difficulty is high during production, and the connection and the disassembly of the parts are difficult during maintenance.

In addition, when the traditional tractor works in a small land, the traditional tractor is limited by the land, the working speed is low, and the size of front and rear tires is different, so that the land grabbing force is small, the traction force and the sinking prevention rate are not ideal, and the structure of the paddy field soil is seriously damaged.

The traditional tractor only has the front wheels to turn, so that the turning radius of the whole tractor is increased, the vehicle trapping probability is increased, and the tractor is particularly not suitable for small paddy field plots.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model discloses to the problem that current tractor maintenance is inconvenient, be not suitable for little landmass operation, provide a modular design, be convenient for maintenance, be applicable to the tractor that the full-time four-wheel drive multimode of little landmass operation turned to.

The utility model discloses a tractor that full time four-wheel drive multimode turned to adopts following technical scheme:

the tractor comprises a frame, an engine, a gearbox, a steering mechanism, a front shaft main reducer and front wheels, the rear axle main reducer, the rear wheel and the rear output gearbox, the engine, the gearbox, the steering mechanism, the front axle main reducer, the rear axle main reducer and the rear output gearbox are respectively and independently installed on the frame, the power input end of the gearbox is connected with the engine, the gearbox is provided with three power output ends, a first power output end and a second power output end are respectively connected with the front axle main reducer and the rear axle main reducer, a third power output end is connected with the rear output gearbox, the output end of the front axle main reducer is connected with the front axle, the front axle is hinged with the front axle transmission vertical axle, the front wheel is installed on the front axle transmission vertical axle, the output end of the rear axle main reducer is connected with the rear axle, the rear axle is hinged with the rear axle transmission vertical axle, the rear wheel is installed on the rear axle transmission vertical axle, and the front axle transmission vertical axle and the rear axle are both connected with the steering mechanism.

The output rotating speeds and the power of the first power output end and the second power output end of the gearbox are consistent and are respectively used for driving the front wheel and the rear wheel to rotate.

The steering mechanism comprises a steering wheel, a steering gear, a front steering oil cylinder, a front steering pull rod, a rear steering oil cylinder and a rear steering pull rod, the steering gear is connected with the front steering oil cylinder and the rear steering oil cylinder through oil pipes, piston rods of the front steering oil cylinder and the rear steering oil cylinder are hinged with the front shaft transmission vertical axle through the front steering pull rod, and a piston rod of the rear steering oil cylinder is hinged with the rear shaft transmission vertical axle through the rear steering pull rod.

The specifications (size and model) of the front wheel and the rear wheel are the same.

The transmission vertical bridge (a front shaft transmission vertical bridge and a rear shaft transmission vertical bridge) is internally provided with a transmission gear shaft and a wheel shaft through bearings, one end of the transmission gear shaft is connected with the front shaft through a universal joint, the other end of the transmission gear shaft is provided with a transmission gear, the wheel shaft is provided with a tail end gear, the tail end gear is meshed with the transmission gear, and the wheel shaft is provided with a wheel connecting disc used for connecting wheels. The power is transmitted to the transmission gear through the front shaft and then transmitted to the wheel shaft through the meshing of the gear, and the wheel shaft drives the wheels to rotate through the wheel receiving disc; meanwhile, a steering pull rod in the steering mechanism pushes and pulls the front shaft transmission vertical axle to rotate around a universal joint between the transmission gear shaft and the front shaft, so that the steering of the wheels is realized.

The engine transmits power to the gearbox, the gearbox respectively transmits power to the front shaft main reducer, the rear shaft main reducer and the power output gearbox through three output ends, the front shaft main reducer is distributed to two front wheels through the front shaft transmission vertical axle, the rear shaft main reducer is distributed to two rear wheels through the rear shaft transmission vertical axle, and the full-time driving and walking functions of the front wheels and the rear wheels are achieved. The power output gearbox transmits power to the rear suspension machine tool to realize various operations such as rotary tillage, seeding and the like. The steering device controls the piston rods of the front steering oil cylinder and the rear steering oil cylinder to extend or retract, the front steering oil cylinder drives the front shaft transmission vertical axle to swing around the outer end of the front shaft to realize the steering of the front wheels, and the rear steering oil cylinder drives the rear shaft transmission vertical axle to swing around the outer end of the rear shaft to realize the steering of the rear wheels. The steering device can realize three functions of front wheel steering, front and rear wheel cross steering (four-wheel steering) and front and rear wheel parallel steering (diagonal steering).

The utility model discloses compare with traditional tractor, engine, gearbox, front and back transaxle, back output gearbox, whole frame etc. all adopt independent modularization installation fixed, have made things convenient for the maintenance greatly, and whole maintainability can improve 50% than traditional tractor. The gearbox can greatly improve the operation speed of the small plots. The front wheels and the rear wheels adopt the same specification to increase the grip force and increase the ground contact area, the traction force and the anti-sinking rate are improved by 50 percent compared with the traditional tractor, and the paddy field structure is effectively protected. The four-wheel steering design of the full-time four-wheel drive heightened front and rear drive axles greatly reduces the turning radius of the whole machine, greatly reduces the vehicle trapping probability and is particularly suitable for small plot operation in paddy fields.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a whole machine schematic diagram of the full-time four-wheel-drive multi-way steering tractor suitable for small plot operation.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the wheel driving steering principle of the full-time four-wheel-drive multi-way steering tractor of the utility model.

Fig. 3 is a four-wheel steering schematic diagram of the full-time four-wheel-drive multi-mode steering tractor of the utility model.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the oblique running steering of the tractor with the full-time four-wheel drive multi-way steering of the utility model.

Fig. 5 is a front wheel steering schematic diagram of the full-time four-wheel-drive multi-way steering tractor of the utility model.

Fig. 6 is a straight-going schematic view of the full-time four-wheel-drive multi-way steering tractor of the utility model.

In the figure: 1. the front-rear steering gear box comprises a frame, 2, a right front wheel, 3, a right rear wheel, 4, an engine (diesel engine), 5, a gearbox, 6, a front shaft main reducer, 7, a front shaft, 8, an outer end of the front shaft, 9, a power output shaft, 10, a transmission shaft, 11, a rear shaft main reducer, 12, a rear shaft, 13, an outer end of the rear shaft, 14, a power output gearbox, 15, a left rear wheel, 16, a left front wheel, 17, a steering wheel, 18, an oil tank, 19, an oil pump, 20, a steering gear, 21, a front steering cylinder, 22, a front steering pull rod, 23, an oil pipe, 24, a rear steering cylinder, 25, 26, a front shaft transmission vertical axle, 27, a rear shaft transmission vertical axle, 28, a rear suspension tool, 29, a transmission gear, 30, a tail end gear, 31, a transmission gear shaft, 32, and 33, a wheel connecting disc.

Detailed Description

The utility model is suitable for a tractor that all-time four-wheel drive multimode turned to of little landmass operation, the detail is shown in fig. 1-6, mainly includes frame 1, engine (diesel engine) 4, gearbox 5, steering mechanism, front axle main reducer 6, front axle 7, front wheel, rear axle main reducer 11, rear axle 12 and rear wheel. The engine 4, the gearbox 5 and the steering mechanism are arranged on the frame 1, the power input end of the gearbox 5 is connected with the power output end of the engine 4, the gearbox 5 is provided with three power output ends, the first power output end and the second power output end are respectively connected with the front shaft main speed reducer 6 and the rear shaft main speed reducer 11 through respective transmission shafts 10, and the third power output end is connected with the input end of the power output gearbox 14. The output rotating speed and the power of the first power output end and the second power output end are consistent and are respectively used for driving the front wheels and the rear wheels to rotate. The third power output end provides power for the farm implement through the power output gearbox 14.

The front axle main reducer 6 is in bevel gear speed reduction transmission, or can adopt the existing differential mechanism, the power output end of the front axle main reducer is provided with a left front axle 7 and a right front axle 7 which are hinged with a front axle transmission vertical axle 26, and the left front wheel 16 and the right front wheel 2 are respectively arranged on the front axle transmission vertical axles 26 on the left side and the right side. Referring to fig. 2, a transmission gear shaft 31 and a wheel shaft 32 are mounted in the front axle transmission vertical axle 26 through bearings, one end of the transmission gear shaft 31 is connected with the outer end 8 of the front axle through a universal joint, a transmission gear 29 is mounted at the other end of the transmission gear shaft 31, the transmission gear 29 is meshed with a terminal gear 30, the terminal gear 30 is connected with the wheel shaft 32, the outer end of the wheel shaft 32 is connected with a wheel flange 33, and the wheel flange 33 is used for connecting a wheel (the left front wheel 16). The end gear 30 (see fig. 1) is connected to the wheel shaft 32, and the end gear 30 is engaged with the transmission gear 29. The power is transmitted to the transmission gear 29 through the front shaft 7 and then transmitted to the wheel gear 30 through gear meshing, the tail end gear 30 is transmitted to the wheel shaft 32, and the wheel shaft 32 is transmitted to the wheel flange 33 to drive the wheels to rotate.

The rear shaft main reducer 11 is also in speed reduction transmission by a bevel gear, the power output end of the rear shaft main reducer is provided with a left rear shaft 12 and a right rear shaft 12, and the left rear shaft 12 is installed. The outer end 13 of the rear shaft is hinged with a rear shaft transmission vertical bridge 27, and the left rear wheel 15 and the right rear wheel 3 are respectively arranged on the rear shaft transmission vertical bridge 27 at the left side and the right side. The rear wheel rotation is the same principle as the front wheel rotation, and power is transmitted to the rear wheel by the rear shaft 12 through gear transmission.

The steering mechanism comprises a steering wheel 17, a steering gear 20, a front steering oil cylinder 21, a front steering pull rod 22, a rear steering oil cylinder 24 and a rear steering pull rod 25, wherein the front steering oil cylinder 21 and the front steering pull rod 22 are front steering mechanisms, and the rear steering oil cylinder 24 and the rear steering pull rod 25 are rear steering mechanisms. The steering wheel 17 is connected to a steering gear 20, the steering gear 20 is an oil passage switching valve, and the steering gear 20 is connected to the oil tank 18 via an oil pump 19. The steering gear 20 is connected to a front steering cylinder 21 and a rear steering cylinder 24 through an oil pipe 23. The front steering cylinder 21 and the rear steering cylinder 24 are double-acting cylinders, a left piston rod and a right piston rod of the front steering cylinder 21 are connected with a left front steering pull rod and a right front steering pull rod 22, and the left front steering pull rod and the right front steering pull rod 22 are respectively hinged with a left front shaft transmission vertical axle 26 and a right front shaft transmission vertical axle 26 to control the steering of two front wheels, as shown in fig. 2. The left and right piston rods of the rear steering cylinder 24 are connected with left and right rear steering tie rods 25, and the left and right rear steering tie rods 25 are respectively hinged with left and right rear axle transmission vertical axles 27 to control the steering of the two rear wheels. The driving and steering of the wheels are realized by the front axle transmission vertical axle 26 and the rear axle transmission vertical axle 27. The piston rods of the steering cylinders drive the corresponding steering pull rods to move linearly, and the steering pull rods push the corresponding transmission vertical axles (two front transmission vertical axles and two rear transmission vertical axles) to rotate around the universal joints between the transmission gear shafts and the front shafts, so that the steering of the corresponding wheels is realized.

The working process of the tractor is as follows:

the engine (diesel engine) 4 transmits power to the gearbox 5, the gearbox 5 transmits the power to the front shaft main reducer 6 and the rear shaft main reducer 11 through two output ends and the transmission shaft 10 after speed reduction, the front shaft main reducer 6 is distributed to the left front wheel 2 and the right front wheel 16 through the front shaft transmission vertical bridge 26, the rear shaft main reducer 11 is distributed to the left rear wheel 15 and the right rear wheel 3 through the rear shaft transmission vertical bridge 27, and the full-time driving walking function of the front and rear wheels is achieved. The third output end of the gearbox is transmitted to a power output gearbox 14 through a power output shaft 9, and the power output gearbox 14 transmits power to a rear suspension machine tool 28 through a bottom shaft to realize various operations such as rotary tillage, seeding and the like.

During steering, the diesel engine 4 provides power for the oil pump 19, the oil pump 19 is connected with the steering gear 20, the steering gear 20 conveys hydraulic oil to the front steering oil cylinder 21 and the rear steering oil cylinder 24 through respective oil pipes 23, and piston rods of the front steering oil cylinder 21 and the rear steering oil cylinder 24 are driven to extend or retract through hydraulic pressure. The piston rod of the front steering oil cylinder 21 drives the front shaft transmission vertical axle 26 to swing around the outer end 8 of the front shaft through the front steering pull rod 22, and the front wheel steering is realized. The piston rod of the rear steering oil cylinder 24 drives the rear shaft transmission vertical axle 27 to swing around the outer end 13 of the rear shaft through the rear steering pull rod 25, and the rear wheel steering is realized.

By turning the steering wheel 17, the hydraulic oil is distributed to the front steering oil cylinder 21 and the rear steering oil cylinder 24 through the steering gear 20, so that the front steering oil cylinder 21 and the rear steering oil cylinder 24 realize different driving modes, achieve steering in various modes, drive the steering pull rod to move, and drive the tires to swing through the steering pull rod. The steering oil cylinder of the rear drive axle simultaneously moves towards the opposite direction to drive the steering pull rod to move, and the steering pull rod drives the tires to swing towards the opposite direction of the front drive axle.

When the hydraulic oil drives the piston rods of the front steering cylinder 21 and the rear steering cylinder 24 to move in opposite directions, the four-wheel steering shown in fig. 2 is achieved.

When the hydraulic oil drives the piston rods of the front steering cylinder 21 and the rear steering cylinder 24 to move in the same direction, the diagonal steering shown in fig. 3 is realized.

When the hydraulic oil drives only the piston rod of the front steering cylinder 21 to move, the front wheel steering shown in fig. 4 is realized.

The straight traveling mode shown in fig. 5 is realized when the hydraulic oil does not drive the piston rods of the front steering cylinder 21 and the rear steering cylinder 24.

The utility model discloses a tractor has following characteristics:

1. the frame connection is more firm and durable.

2. The engine, the gearbox, the front and rear driving mechanisms and the power output gearbox are all of split independent modular independent installation structures, and maintenance is convenient.

3. The full-time four-wheel drive design ensures that the front shaft and the rear shaft can simultaneously exert force when the power distribution is uniform.

4. The front and the back of the machine are consistent to use tires with the same model, so that the ground grabbing force and the grounding area are increased, the traction force of the whole machine is larger, and the anti-sinking effect is stronger.

5. The steering of the whole machine is more flexible and convenient by designing three functions of front wheel steering, front wheel and rear wheel cross steering (four-wheel steering) and front wheel and rear wheel parallel steering (diagonal), and the working efficiency is improved.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a full time four drive multimode steering tractor suitable for little landmass operation which characterized by: the front wheel transmission vertical axle is arranged on the front axle transmission vertical axle, the output end of the rear axle main reducer is hinged with the rear axle transmission vertical axle, the rear wheel is arranged on the rear axle transmission vertical axle, and the front axle transmission vertical axle and the rear axle transmission vertical axle are both connected with the steering mechanism.

2. The full-time four-wheel multi-mode steering tractor suitable for small plot operation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the output rotating speeds and the power of the first power output end and the second power output end of the gearbox are consistent.

3. The full-time four-wheel multi-mode steering tractor suitable for small plot operation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the steering mechanism comprises a steering wheel, a steering gear, a front steering oil cylinder, a front steering pull rod, a rear steering oil cylinder and a rear steering pull rod, the steering gear is connected with the front steering oil cylinder and the rear steering oil cylinder through oil pipes, piston rods of the front steering oil cylinder and the rear steering oil cylinder are hinged with the front shaft transmission vertical axle through the front steering pull rod, and a piston rod of the rear steering oil cylinder is hinged with the rear shaft transmission vertical axle through the rear steering pull rod.

4. The full-time four-wheel multi-mode steering tractor suitable for small plot operation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the specifications of the front wheel and the rear wheel are the same.

5. The full-time four-wheel multi-mode steering tractor suitable for small plot operation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the front shaft transmission vertical axle and the rear shaft transmission vertical axle are internally provided with a transmission gear shaft and a wheel shaft through bearings, one end of the transmission gear shaft is connected with the front shaft through a universal joint, the other end of the transmission gear shaft is provided with a transmission gear, the wheel shaft is provided with a tail end gear, the tail end gear is meshed with the transmission gear, and the wheel shaft is provided with a wheel connecting disc used for connecting wheels.