CN214204938U - Power plant substation based on improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter - Google Patents
Power plant substation based on improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a power plant electric substation based on improved generation bridge type high temperature superconducting current limiter, its constitution: the system comprises generator sets (11, 12), isolating switches (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28), double-bus four-section (31, 32, 33, 34), bus-tie breakers (41, 42), three-winding transformers (51, 52) and improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiters (61, 62). The method is characterized in that: improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiters (61) and (62) are additionally arranged between the double-bus four sections (31, 33) and (32, 34), respectively. The improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter (61, 62) comprises the following components: the superconducting magnet comprises a power electronic module, a superconducting magnet and low temperature module, a detection module and a controller. The improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter has a current-limiting protection effect on the bus, can better limit the current of a bus tie line, and reduces the influence of faults.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model discloses be applied to electric power system high temperature superconducting current limiter, especially be applied to power plant substation with improved generation bridge type high temperature superconducting current limiter.
Background
With the rapid increase of economy and the continuous progress of society, the demand of users on electric power and the capacity of a substation are continuously increased, and the level of short-circuit current which can cause system failure is also increased. Therefore, the fault current impact which various devices in the power system may face is also getting bigger and bigger, in order to ensure the system, the devices and the personal safety, the fault current impact resistance of various devices in the system needs to be continuously improved, and the breaking capacity of the high-voltage circuit breaker is also improved, so that the substation and the power system face dilemma. If the breaking capacity is improved by replacing the breaker with higher capacity, the cost is greatly increased; and the more problematic is that the highest current interrupting capacity that circuit breakers can provide today does not meet the actual demand at all. If the fault current is higher than the on-off capacity, the system is greatly damaged, and therefore the method has great practical significance and value for limiting the short-circuit fault current. The fault current limiter is assembled in the substation, so that the fault current limiter is an ideal measure for limiting short-circuit large current and reducing the breaking capacity of the circuit breaker, and the urgent requirement that the low-end circuit breaker needs to be updated urgently can be delayed.
The superconducting current limiter is a system device which realizes current limiting by utilizing superconducting state/normal state transition characteristics and unobstructed high-density current carrying characteristics of superconducting materials and some auxiliary components. The current limiter presents zero impedance or extremely small impedance in normal operation and passes rated current almost without loss; the fault can react within a few milliseconds to generate a suitable impedance to limit the short circuit current to an allowable range. The superconducting current limiter is classified into a resistive type, a magnetic shielding type, a bridge type, a saturated iron core reactor type, a three-phase reactor type and the like according to the composition structure and the operating principle.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a with one kind and be applied to power plant substation technical scheme with improved generation bridge type high temperature superconducting current limiter. The method comprises the following specific steps:
a power plant substation based on an improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter comprises the following components: the power generating sets 11 and 12, the isolating switches 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28, the double-bus four- section 31, 32, 33 and 34, the bus- tie breakers 41 and 42, the three- winding transformers 51 and 52 and the improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiters 61 and 62. Improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiters 61 and 62 are additionally arranged between the double-bus four- section 31, 33 and 32 and 34 respectively. The improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter 61 and 62 comprises the following components: the superconducting magnet comprises a power electronic module, a superconducting magnet and low temperature module, a detection module and a controller.
The power electronic module comprises the following components: rectifier bridge, current-limiting resistor and fault trigger device.
The current limiting resistor plays a role in auxiliary current limiting, is short-circuited by the bypass switch tube when the substation is in a stable state, does not consume electric energy, and is controlled to be input into the direct-current end of the rectifier bridge through a control signal to be connected with the superconducting magnet in series for current limiting after a fault occurs, and the current limiting resistor is connected with the superconducting magnet in series to protect the superconducting magnet and provide a demagnetization loop for the superconducting magnet.
The follow current loop of the superconducting magnet L is composed of a diode DsAnd a resistance RsThe diode and the superconducting magnet are connected in anti-parallel, so that the superconducting magnet can be prevented from generating overhigh reverse voltage due to demagnetization.
The hardware of the controller: the device comprises an analog input interface component, a data processing unit, a switching value input and output component and a man-machine conversation system.
The fault trigger device consists of three independent solid-state relays and control and drive circuits thereof.
The technical effects of the utility model: in a segmented bus structure circuit, the current limiting protection effect of the improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter on a bus can better limit the current of a bus connecting line, and the influence of faults on other buses is reduced. In a double-loop multi-power supply system, an improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter is matched with a relay protection device to realize the current-limiting protection effect. The current limiting and protection of the power plant substation are realized, the mutual cooperation of a relay protection device and an improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter must be considered, and the advantages of the relay protection device and the improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter are effectively utilized, so that the efficiency and the reliability of the power plant substation are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a basic double-bus four-section main connection of a power plant substation.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of an improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter system.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an improved bridge type high temperature superconducting current limiter circuit.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fault triggering device.
Fig. 5 is a three-phase schematic diagram of an improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter.
In the figure: 11. 12 is a generator set, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28 are isolating switches, 31, 32, 33 and 34 are double-bus four-section, 41 and 42 are bus-bar breakers, 51 and 52 are three-winding transformers, and 61 and 62 are improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiters.
Detailed Description
The following description will further describe embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1. Integral technical scheme
A power plant substation based on an improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter comprises the following components: the power generating sets 11 and 12, the isolating switches 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28, the double-bus four- section 31, 32, 33 and 34, the bus- tie breakers 41 and 42, the three- winding transformers 51 and 52 and the improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiters 61 and 62. Improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiters 61 and 62 are additionally arranged between the double-bus four- section 31, 33 and 32 and 34 respectively. The improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter 61 and 62 comprises the following components: the superconducting magnet comprises a power electronic module, a superconducting magnet and low temperature module, a detection module and a controller. As shown in fig. 1 and 2.
The power electronic module comprises the following components: rectifier bridge, current-limiting resistor and fault trigger device. As shown in fig. 2.
The current limiting resistor plays a role in auxiliary current limiting, is short-circuited by the bypass switch tube when the substation is in a stable state, does not consume electric energy, and is controlled to be input into the direct-current end of the rectifier bridge through a control signal to be connected with the superconducting magnet in series for current limiting after a fault occurs, and the current limiting resistor is connected with the superconducting magnet in series to protect the superconducting magnet and provide a demagnetization loop for the superconducting magnet. As shown in fig. 2 and 3.
The follow current loop of the superconducting magnet L is composed of a diode DsAnd a resistance RsThe diode and the superconducting magnet are connected in anti-parallel, so that the superconducting magnet can be prevented from demagnetizingAnd an excessively high reverse voltage is generated. As shown in fig. 3.
The hardware of the controller: the device comprises an analog input interface component, a data processing unit, a switching value input and output component and a man-machine conversation system.
The fault trigger device consists of three independent solid-state relays and control and drive circuits thereof. As shown in fig. 4.
2. Double-bus four-segment
When the double buses operate simultaneously, two identical improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiters are adopted, the buses are divided into two sections by the improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiters, and the two identical improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiters are linked with each other.
In each stage of the electric distribution equipment of power plants and substations, bare wires or stranded wires with rectangular or circular cross sections are mostly adopted, and wires for connecting an engine and a transformer with various electric appliances are collectively called as buses; the bus bars function to collect, distribute and transfer electrical energy. Because the bus bar has huge electric energy passing through during operation and bears great heating and electrodynamic effect during short circuit, the bus bar material, the section shape and the section area must be selected reasonably to meet the requirements of safe and economic operation.
The bus is divided into a hard bus and a soft bus according to the structure.
The hard bus (low voltage indoor and outdoor power distribution device) is further divided into a rectangular bus and a tubular bus.
The rectangular bus is generally used in a main transformer to a distribution room, and has the advantages of convenient construction and installation, small change in operation, large current-carrying capacity and higher manufacturing cost.
A bus tie switch: one switch is provided with isolating switches on two rows of parallel buses, and the connecting switch of the two rows of buses is a bus-coupled switch. Such as a east-west mother or a north-south mother connection switch.
When the bus is double, the bus is connected, and when the bus is single, the bus is segmented.
The advantages are that: reliable power supply, flexible scheduling, convenient extension and convenient design.
The disadvantages are as follows: a group of buses is added, and a group of bus isolating switches are added in each loop, so that the investment is increased, the operation is complex, and the occupied area is increased.
The double-bus four-section is a bus mode widely adopted in power plants and transformer substations, and the main wiring mode is that a bus-coupled circuit breaker is closed to enable double buses to run in parallel, so that when a group of buses have a short-circuit fault, bus differential protection only needs to trip out circuit breakers of all elements connected to the group of buses and the bus-coupled circuit breaker, and the other section of buses still continue to work.
Two sets of RCS-915AB and two sets of RCS-916D are used for double-bus protection of power plants and hub substations with important voltage levels of 220kV and above, and double configuration of bus differential protection and circuit breaker failure is realized.
3. Three-winding transformer
Three-winding transformers have 3 windings per phase, and when 1 winding is connected to an alternating current power supply, the other 2 windings induce different potentials, and the transformer is used for loads requiring 2 different voltage levels. Three-winding transformers are widely used in power systems because 3 different levels of voltage are typically present in power plants and substations.
Compared with two common transformers, the three-winding transformer is economical, occupies less land and is more convenient to maintain and manage. Three-phase three-winding transformers usually adopt Y-Y-delta connection, namely, the primary winding and the secondary winding are both Y-connected, and the third winding is connected into delta. The delta connection is a closed loop, and allows the same-phase third harmonic current to pass, so that the third harmonic voltage does not appear in the primary winding and the secondary winding of the Y connection. Thus, it can provide a neutral point for both the primary and secondary sides. In a long-distance power transmission system, the third winding can also be connected with a synchronous phase modulator to improve the power factor of the line.
When a substation needs to connect several levels of power systems of different voltages, a three-winding transformer is usually used. The three-winding transformer has three windings of high voltage, medium voltage and low voltage, the three windings of each phase are sleeved on one iron core column, and the high voltage winding is usually arranged on the outermost layer for the convenience of insulation. The low-voltage winding of the step-up transformer is arranged between the high-voltage winding and the medium-voltage winding, so that the leakage magnetic field is uniformly distributed, the leakage reactance is reasonably distributed, and the increase of leakage magnetic flux and the increase of additional loss due to too long distance between the low-voltage winding and the high-voltage winding are avoided, thereby ensuring better voltage regulation rate and running performance. Step-down transformers place the medium voltage winding between the high and low voltage windings primarily for insulation. According to the characteristics of voltage combination of a domestic power system, the standard connection groups of the three-phase three-winding transformer are numbered YN, YN0, d11, YN, YN0 and y 0.
Capacity configuration and voltage ratio: the capacity of each winding of the three-winding power transformer is respectively regulated according to requirements. The rated capacity of the three windings is the capacity of the winding with the largest capacity, and is generally the rated capacity of the primary winding. When this is taken as 100%, 100/100/50, 100/50/100, and 100/100/100 are arranged in the capacity of the three windings.
The no-load operation principle of the three-winding transformer is basically the same as that of the double-winding transformer, but three voltage ratios are provided, namely high voltage and medium voltage, high voltage and low voltage, and medium voltage and low voltage.
4. Circuit breaker
The circuit breaker is a switching device capable of closing, carrying, and opening/closing a current under a normal circuit condition and a current under an abnormal circuit condition within a prescribed time. The circuit breakers are classified into high-voltage circuit breakers and low-voltage circuit breakers according to their use ranges, and the high-voltage and low-voltage boundary lines are relatively vague, and generally, the circuit breakers of 3kV or more are called high-voltage circuit breakers.
The circuit breaker can be used for distributing electric energy, starting an asynchronous motor infrequently, protecting a power supply circuit, the motor and the like, and automatically cutting off a circuit when faults such as serious overload, short circuit, undervoltage and the like occur, and the function of the circuit breaker is equivalent to the combination of a fuse type switch, an over-under-heat relay and the like. Furthermore, no parts need to be changed after breaking the fault current. At present, it has been widely used.
A circuit breaker generally includes a contact system, an arc extinguishing system, an operating mechanism, a trip unit, a case, and the like.
When short circuit occurs, a magnetic field generated by large current (generally 10 to 12 times) overcomes a counterforce spring, a release pulls an operating mechanism to act, and a switch is tripped instantaneously. When the overload occurs, the current becomes large, the heating value becomes large, and the bimetallic strip deforms to a certain degree to push the mechanism to act (the larger the current is, the shorter the acting time is).
The electronic circuit breaker uses a mutual inductor to collect the current of each phase, compares the current with a set value, and sends a signal when the current is abnormal so that an electronic release drives an operating mechanism to act.
The characteristics of the circuit breaker are mainly as follows: rated voltage Ue(ii) a Rated current In(ii) a Overload protection (I)rOr Irth) And short-circuit protection (I)m) The trip current setting range; rated short-circuit breaking current (industrial circuit breaker I)cu(ii) a Household circuit breaker Icn) And the like.
Rated operating voltage (U)e): this is the voltage at which the circuit breaker operates under normal (uninterrupted) conditions.
Rated current (I)n): the maximum current value that a circuit breaker equipped with a special overcurrent trip relay can infinitely bear under the environmental temperature specified by a manufacturer does not exceed the temperature limit specified by a current bearing component.
5. Improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter
5.1 general description
The improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter can be connected with a substation in a mode of directly connecting the bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter in series with the substation or connecting a transformer in series with the substation. In the design of the three-phase improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter, a connection method that three single-phase improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiters are directly connected in series into a three-phase substation is adopted, as shown in fig. 5. The connection mode eliminates the mutual influence among all phase circuits, avoids the large current impact and harmonic interference generated by a fault phase relative to a non-fault phase, eliminates the contradiction that the requirement of the multi-phase simultaneous fault on the current limiting capacity is too high, improves the reliability, and is more suitable for high-voltage large-current substations.
The three-phase improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter adopts three single-phase improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiters to limit three-phase fault currents respectively, and fault judgment and current limiting actions are generated respectively, so that the three-phase improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter is three independent current limiting systems and is used as main protection of a three-phase substation respectively, and relay protection devices such as circuit breakers and the like connected with the three-phase improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter are used as backup protection. Meanwhile, according to the requirements of the power transmission and transformation station, when a single-phase short-circuit fault occurs, the phase is timely put into current limiting, and the three-phase power transformation station is cut off by using a breaker. Therefore, the three phases still need to operate in cooperation with each other.
Since the three-phase improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter has a certain independence and the three single-phase structures are the same, the single-phase improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter is used for explaining the three-phase structure design, as shown in fig. 2 and 5. The improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter mainly comprises a power electronic module, a detection module, a controller, a superconducting magnet and a low-temperature module. The power electronic module comprises a rectifier bridge consisting of power diodes, a current-limiting resistor and a bypass switch device thereof, a follow current loop of the superconducting magnet and a fault triggering unit. The detection module comprises a rectifier bridge, a current and voltage detection device of the substation and the superconducting magnet and a signal preprocessing circuit thereof. The superconducting magnet and the low-temperature module comprise a superconducting magnet and devices such as a high-temperature superconducting Dewar thereof. The controller is an intelligent control system taking digital control as a core, and has the basic functions of fault triggering, fault judgment, system protection and the like, and also has the functions of man-machine interaction, data processing, state monitoring and the like based on a liquid crystal screen and a keyboard.
When a fault occurs, the single-phase is automatically switched into the substation for current limiting, and the controller sends a signal to the bypass switch tube of the current-limiting resistor, opens the switch tube, and switches the current-limiting resistor into the substation and the superconducting inductor for common current limiting. After the fault is over, the controller controls the bypass switch tube of the current-limiting resistor to enable the current-limiting resistor to be bypassed and exit from the current-limiting state.
5.2 Power electronic Module
The power electronic module comprises a rectifier bridge consisting of power diodes, a current-limiting resistor and a bypass switch device thereof, a follow current loop of the superconducting magnet and a fault trigger unit. The rectifier bridge is composed of power diodes, is a main part for realizing electric energy conversion, and realizes organic connection of an alternating current substation and a direct current limiting device. When the substation is in a steady state, the follow current loop is conducted, and the rectifier bridge is automatically short-circuited, so that the substation is not affected. When the current of the substation rises, particularly after a short-circuit fault occurs, and the current of the substation rises rapidly, the rectifier bridge provides a material condition that the superconducting inductor is connected in series with the current limiting of the substation.
The current-limiting resistor plays an auxiliary current-limiting role, and is short-circuited by the bypass switch tube without consuming electric energy when the substation is in a steady state. After the fault occurs, the direct current end of the rectifier bridge is controlled to be input through a control signal and is connected with the superconducting magnet in series for limiting the current. In addition, the current-limiting resistor is connected with the superconducting magnet in series to protect the superconducting magnet and provide a demagnetization circuit for the superconducting magnet. The follow current loop of the superconducting magnet consists of a series loop of a diode and a resistor, and the diode is connected with the superconducting magnet in an anti-parallel mode. It is possible to prevent the superconducting magnet from generating an excessively high reverse voltage due to demagnetization. Thus, the superconducting magnet is doubly protected by the current limiting resistor and its freewheeling circuit.
The fault triggering unit mainly comprises three independent solid-state relays and control and driving circuits thereof, as shown in fig. 4. When the fault is not generated, the trigger signal is at low level, and the solid-state relay is turned off. When the fault is triggered, the trigger signal is at a high level, the solid-state relay is conducted, and the short circuit of the load to the ground or the interphase short circuit is realized. And, through the controller, can realize the control of short circuit duration to adapt to different requirements.
5.3 controller
The controller is the digital control core of the improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter, and has the functions of fault triggering and current limiting, substation state monitoring, data or waveform display, protection and alarm and man-machine interaction. The hardware of the controller mainly comprises a data acquisition unit, namely an analog input interface component, a data processing unit, a switching value input and output component, a man-machine conversation system and the like.
The function of the data acquisition unit is to convert the analog quantity into the required digital quantity. The analog quantity acquisition and voltage forming circuit mainly comprises an analog quantity acquisition and voltage forming circuit, a multi-way conversion switch, a low-pass filter, a preamplifier, an analog-to-digital converter and the like. The acquired analog signals mainly comprise power supply voltage and line current of a three-phase system, voltage and current of a superconducting magnet and voltage and current of a current-limiting resistor. The analog quantities are converted into uniform voltage signals through the voltage and current measuring modules and serve as input analog signals of the controller. The analog signal is subjected to A/D conversion after being gated by a multi-way conversion switch, low-pass filtering and pre-amplification.
Claims (6)
1. A power plant substation based on an improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiter comprises the following components: generating set (11, 12), isolator (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28), double-bus four-section (31, 33 and 32, 34), bus-tie breaker (41, 42), three-winding transformer (51, 52), modified bridge type high temperature superconducting current limiter (61, 62), characterized in that: improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiters (61) and (62) are additionally arranged between the double-bus four sections (31, 33, 32 and 34), and the improved bridge type high-temperature superconducting current limiters (61 and 62) are composed of: the superconducting magnet comprises a power electronic module, a superconducting magnet and low temperature module, a detection module and a controller.
2. The power plant substation based on the improved bridge type high temperature superconducting current limiter of claim 1, characterized in that: the power electronic module comprises the following components: rectifier bridge, current-limiting resistor and fault trigger device.
3. The power plant substation based on the improved bridge type high temperature superconducting current limiter of claim 2, characterized in that: the current limiting resistor plays a role in auxiliary current limiting, is short-circuited by the bypass switch tube when a power grid is in a steady state without consuming electric energy, and is controlled to be put into a direct current end of the rectifier bridge through a control signal to be connected with the superconducting magnet in series for current limiting after a fault occurs, and the current limiting resistor is connected with the superconducting magnet in series to protect the superconducting magnet and provide a demagnetization loop for the superconducting magnet.
4. The power plant substation based on the improved bridge type HTS current limiter of claim 3, wherein said power plant substationThe method comprises the following steps: the follow current loop of the superconducting magnet L is composed of a diode DsAnd a resistance RsThe diode and the superconducting magnet are connected in anti-parallel, so that the superconducting magnet can be prevented from generating overhigh reverse voltage due to demagnetization.
5. The power plant substation based on the improved bridge type high temperature superconducting current limiter of claim 1, characterized in that: the hardware of the controller comprises: the device comprises an analog input interface component, a data processing unit, a switching value input and output component and a man-machine conversation system.
6. The power plant substation based on the improved bridge type high temperature superconducting current limiter of claim 2, characterized in that: the fault trigger device consists of three independent solid-state relays and control and drive circuits thereof.
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| CN114374218A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-04-19 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | High-capacity offshore flexible direct-current power transmission system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114374218A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-04-19 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | High-capacity offshore flexible direct-current power transmission system |
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