CN214204933U - Power plant substation based on hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiter - Google Patents
Power plant substation based on hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiter Download PDFInfo
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- CN214204933U CN214204933U CN202022854441.1U CN202022854441U CN214204933U CN 214204933 U CN214204933 U CN 214204933U CN 202022854441 U CN202022854441 U CN 202022854441U CN 214204933 U CN214204933 U CN 214204933U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a power plant electric substation based on mixed type high temperature superconducting current limiter, its constitution: the system comprises generator sets (11, 12), isolating switches (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28), double-bus four-section (31, 32, 33, 34), bus-tie breakers (41, 42), three-winding transformers (51, 52) and hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiters (61, 62). A hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiter (61) and a hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiter (62) are respectively additionally arranged between the double-bus four sections (31, 33) and (32, 34), and the hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiter (61, 62) comprises: a fast switch, a current limiting section, a control circuit section and a superconducting element. The technical effects are as follows: the problems of large volume and long recovery time after failure of the conventional superconducting current limiter are solved; the basic composition does not contain power electronic devices, and harmonic waves can not be generated; the reaction action is fast; the current limiting resistance value can be modified according to different conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model discloses be applied to electric power system high temperature superconducting current limiter, especially be applied to the power plant electric substation with mixed type high temperature superconducting current limiter.
Background
The measures commonly used in power plant substation systems for suppressing short-circuit current levels, in addition to their inevitable complexity, also bring other unexpected side effects and adverse effects. The most common measures are to split the existing circuit network into a plurality of sub-networks, split buses or increase the voltage level, and the method for suppressing the short-circuit current level from the viewpoint of changing the topology of the power plant substation is effective indeed, but permanently increases the impedance value of the power plant substation, which goes against the original purpose and the basic principle of the power plant substation construction and is only a compromise behavior which is difficult to implement; the other method is to install a fault current limiter, which is a main facility for effectively limiting the level of short-circuit current in a power station substation, however, the conventional short-circuit fault current limiter is directly connected in series to a circuit transmission line, and functions when a fault occurs, although the value of the short-circuit current is surely ensured not to exceed the upper limit of the current which can be borne by the breaker, and the bus voltage is also reduced to 60% -70% of the rated operation, so as to ensure the reliability of the breaker, the fault current limiter also brings some adverse effects because the conventional fault current limiter consumes more electric energy in normal operation and causes larger voltage drop in the starting stage of some large-capacity equipment instruments, thereby affecting the safety of the power station substation.
The problem of coordination with the relay protection of the power system is solved by applying the superconducting current limiter to the power system. Only through reasonable coordination of the superconducting current limiter and the existing relay protection of the power system, the function of the superconducting current limiter for limiting the short-circuit current when the system fails can be fully exerted, so that the safe and stable operation of the power system is ensured.
Compared with analysis on the working characteristics, implementation cost and application characteristics of various types of superconducting current limiters, the hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiter has greater advantages.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a be applied to mixed type high temperature superconducting current limiter in power plant substation technical scheme. The method comprises the following specific steps:
a power plant substation based on a hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiter comprises the following components: generator sets 11, 12, isolating switches 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28, double-bus four- section sections 31, 32, 33 and 34, bus- tie breakers 41 and 42, three-winding transformers 51 and 52 and hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiters 61 and 62. The method is characterized in that: hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiters 61 and 62 are additionally arranged between the double-bus four- section 31, 33 and 32 and 34 respectively. The hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiter 61 and 62 comprises: a fast switch, a current limiting section, a control circuit section and a superconducting element.
The quick switch consists of two vacuum switches and an electromagnetic driving rod.
The electromagnetic driving rod consists of an electromagnetic impedance disc and a metal rod.
The current limiting part consists of a vacuum switch and a current limiting element.
The control circuit part consists of a current transformer, a control circuit and a voltage transformer.
The hybrid high temperature superconducting current limiters 61, 62 are interlocked with each other.
The technical effects of the utility model: the mixed ultra-high temperature superconducting current limiter can solve the problems of large volume and long recovery time after failure of the conventional superconducting current limiter; the basic composition does not contain power electronic devices, and harmonic waves can not be generated; the reaction action is fast; the current limiting resistance value can be modified according to different conditions; the method is suitable for systems with different voltage levels.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a basic double-bus four-section main connection of a power plant substation.
Fig. 2 is a topological structure diagram of a hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiter.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiter.
In the figure: 11. 12 is a generator set, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28 are isolating switches, 31, 32, 33 and 34 are double-bus four-section, 41 and 42 are bus-bar breakers, 51 and 52 are three-winding transformers, and 61 and 62 are hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiters.
Detailed Description
The following description will further describe embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1. Integral technical scheme
A power plant substation based on a hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiter comprises the following components: generator sets 11, 12, disconnectors 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28, double-bus four- section 31, 32, 33 and 34, circuit breakers 41 and 42, three-winding transformers 51 and 52 and hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiters 61 and 62. The method is characterized in that: hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiters 61 and 62 are additionally arranged between the double-bus four- section 31, 33 and 32 and 34 respectively. The hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiter 61 and 62 comprises: a fast switch, a current limiting section, a control circuit section and a superconducting element. As shown in fig. 1 and 2.
The quick switch consists of two vacuum switches and an electromagnetic driving rod. As shown in fig. 2.
The electromagnetic driving rod consists of an electromagnetic impedance disc and a metal rod. As shown in fig. 2 and 3.
The current limiting part consists of a vacuum switch and a current limiting element. As shown in fig. 2 and 3.
The control circuit part consists of a current transformer, a control circuit and a voltage transformer. As shown in fig. 2 and 3.
The hybrid high temperature superconducting current limiters 61, 62 are interlocked with each other.
2. Double-bus four-segment
When the double buses operate simultaneously, two identical mixed high-temperature superconducting current limiters are adopted, the mixed high-temperature superconducting current limiters divide the buses into two sections respectively, and the two identical mixed high-temperature superconducting current limiters are linked mutually.
In each stage of the electric distribution equipment of power plants and substations, bare wires or stranded wires with rectangular or circular cross sections are mostly adopted, and wires for connecting an engine and a transformer with various electric appliances are collectively called as buses; the bus bars function to collect, distribute and transfer electrical energy. Because the bus bar has huge electric energy passing through during operation and bears great heating and electrodynamic effect during short circuit, the bus bar material, the section shape and the section area must be selected reasonably to meet the requirements of safe and economic operation.
The bus is divided into a hard bus and a soft bus according to the structure.
The hard bus (low voltage indoor and outdoor power distribution device) is further divided into a rectangular bus and a tubular bus.
The rectangular bus is generally used in a main transformer to a distribution room, and has the advantages of convenient construction and installation, small change in operation, large current-carrying capacity and higher manufacturing cost.
A bus tie switch: one switch is provided with isolating switches on two rows of parallel buses, and the connecting switch of the two rows of buses is a bus-coupled switch. Such as a east-west mother or a north-south mother connection switch.
When the bus is double, the bus is connected, and when the bus is single, the bus is segmented.
The advantages are that: reliable power supply, flexible scheduling, convenient extension and convenient design.
The disadvantages are as follows: a group of buses is added, and a group of bus isolating switches are added in each loop, so that the investment is increased, the operation is complex, and the occupied area is increased.
The double buses are bus modes widely adopted in power plants and transformer substations, and the main wiring mode is that the bus tie circuit breakers are closed to enable the double buses to run in parallel, so that when a group of buses have short-circuit faults, bus differential protection only needs to trip out circuit breakers of all elements connected to the group of buses and the bus tie circuit breakers, and the other section of bus still continues to work.
Two sets of RCS-915AB and two sets of RCS-916D are used for double-bus protection of power plants and hub substations with important voltage levels of 220kV and above, and double configuration of bus differential protection and circuit breaker failure is realized.
3. Three-winding transformer
Three-winding transformers have 3 windings per phase, and when 1 winding is connected to an alternating current power supply, the other 2 windings induce different potentials, and the transformer is used for loads requiring 2 different voltage levels. Three-winding transformers are widely used in power systems because 3 different levels of voltage are typically present in power plants and substations.
Compared with two common transformers, the three-winding transformer is economical, occupies less land and is more convenient to maintain and manage. Three-phase three-winding transformers usually adopt Y-Y-delta connection, namely, the primary winding and the secondary winding are both Y-connected, and the third winding is connected into delta. The delta connection is a closed loop, and allows the same-phase third harmonic current to pass, so that the Y connection does not generate third harmonic voltage in the primary winding and the secondary winding. Thus, it can provide a neutral point for both the primary and secondary sides. In a long-distance power transmission system, the third winding can also be connected with a synchronous phase modulator to improve the power factor of the line.
When a substation needs to connect several levels of power systems of different voltages, a three-winding transformer is usually used. The three-winding transformer has three windings of high voltage, medium voltage and low voltage, the three windings of each phase are sleeved on one iron core column, and the high voltage winding is usually arranged on the outermost layer for the convenience of insulation. The low-voltage winding of the step-up transformer is arranged between the high-voltage winding and the medium-voltage winding, so that the leakage magnetic field is uniformly distributed, the leakage reactance is reasonably distributed, and the increase of leakage magnetic flux and the increase of additional loss caused by too far distance between the low-voltage winding and the high-voltage winding are avoided, thereby ensuring better voltage regulation rate and running performance. Step-down transformers place the medium voltage winding between the high and low voltage windings primarily for insulation. According to the characteristics of voltage combination of a domestic power system, the standard connection groups of the three-phase three-winding transformer are numbered YN, YN0, d11, YN, YN0 and y 0.
Capacity configuration and voltage ratio: the capacity of each winding of the three-winding power transformer is respectively regulated according to requirements. The rated capacity of the three windings is the capacity of the winding with the largest capacity, and is generally the rated capacity of the primary winding. When this is taken as 100%, 100/100/50, 100/50/100, and 100/100/100 are arranged in the capacity of the three windings.
The no-load operation principle of the three-winding transformer is basically the same as that of the double-winding transformer, but three voltage ratios are provided, namely high voltage and medium voltage, high voltage and low voltage, and medium voltage and low voltage.
4. Circuit breaker
The circuit breaker is a switching device capable of closing, carrying, and opening/closing a current under a normal circuit condition and a current under an abnormal circuit condition within a prescribed time. The circuit breakers are divided into high-voltage circuit breakers and low-voltage circuit breakers according to the application range, the high-voltage and low-voltage boundary lines are relatively vague, and the circuit breakers above 3kV are generally called high-voltage electric appliances.
The circuit breaker can be used for distributing electric energy, starting an asynchronous motor infrequently, protecting a power supply circuit, the motor and the like, and automatically cutting off a circuit when faults such as serious overload, short circuit, undervoltage and the like occur, and the function of the circuit breaker is equivalent to the combination of a fuse type switch, an over-under-heat relay and the like. Furthermore, no parts need to be changed after breaking the fault current. At present, it has been widely used.
A circuit breaker generally includes a contact system, an arc extinguishing system, an operating mechanism, a trip unit, a case, and the like.
When short circuit occurs, a magnetic field generated by large current (generally 10 to 12 times) overcomes a counterforce spring, a release pulls an operating mechanism to act, and a switch is tripped instantaneously. When the overload occurs, the current becomes large, the heating value becomes large, and the bimetallic strip deforms to a certain degree to push the mechanism to act (the larger the current is, the shorter the acting time is).
The electronic circuit breaker uses a mutual inductor to collect the current of each phase, compares the current with a set value, and sends a signal when the current is abnormal so that an electronic release drives an operating mechanism to act.
The characteristics of the circuit breaker are mainly as follows: rated voltage Ue(ii) a Rated current In(ii) a Overload protection (I)rOr Irth) And short-circuit protection (I)m) The trip current setting range; rated short-circuit breaking current (industrial circuit breaker I)cu(ii) a Household circuit breaker Icn) And the like.
Rated operating voltage (U)e): this is the voltage at which the circuit breaker operates under normal (uninterrupted) conditions.
Rated current (I)n): the maximum current value that a circuit breaker equipped with a special overcurrent trip relay can infinitely bear under the environmental temperature specified by a manufacturer does not exceed the temperature limit specified by a current bearing component.
5. Hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiter
The hybrid superconducting current limiter can solve the problems of large volume and long recovery time after failure of the conventional superconducting current limiter. The hybrid superconducting current limiter is composed of a fast switch, a current limiting part and a high-temperature superconducting part, as shown in fig. 3. The quick switch consists of two power switches, a driving coil and an electromagnetic impedance disc which are connected through a connecting rod. The current limiter part consists of a power switch and a current limiting resistor. The high-temperature superconducting element is made of a Y-based superconducting material.
When the mixed superconducting current limiter normally operates, the current passes through SWbAnd high temperature superconductors. When a fault current occurs, the fault current passes through SWbAnd a drive coil due to a drive coil current ibThe driving coil and the electromagnetic impedance disc drive the connecting rod to rotate; in the rotating process of the connecting rod, fault current mainly passes through the driving coil, the high-temperature superconductor and the current-limiting resistor; when the connecting rod rotates to make SWaIs turned on, SWbIs turned off so that the fault current is totally SWaThe current is limited by the current limiting resistor through the current limiting resistor. Here SWBrThe function of the resistor is to prevent the fault current from being overlarge and protect the current-limiting resistor.
The hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiter is composed of a fast switch, a current limiting part, a control circuit part and a superconducting element, and is shown in figure 2. The fast switch in the hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiter consists of two vacuum switches (a switch 1 and a switch 2) and an electromagnetic driving rod (comprising an electromagnetic impedance disc and a metal rod). Two ends of the electromagnetic driving rod are respectively linked with the vacuum switch, and the vacuum switch 1 and the vacuum switch 2 are rapidly switched under fault and normal states. The current limiting part mainly consists of a vacuum switch (switch 3) and a current limiting element, wherein the current limiting element is a resistor with a certain resistance value and limits short-circuit current under the fault condition. The control circuit part consists of a current transformer, a control circuit and a voltage transformer, and the current transformer and the voltage transformer receive current and voltage signals to control the on-off of the switch 3. The superconducting element is composed of superconducting material (YBCO) and is placed in a liquid nitrogen environment.
When a power station substation normally operates, an electromagnetic driving rod in the superconducting current limiter enables the switch 1 to be in an open state, the switch 2 to be in a closed state, and the control circuit controls the switch 3 to be in the closed state. At this time, the current of the power plant substation flows through the switch 2 and the superconducting element. Since the superconducting element is in a superconducting state, its impedance value is almost zero. Therefore, when the power plant substation normally operates, the hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiter has no influence on the power plant substation.
When the short-circuit fault occurs in the power station transformer station, the hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiter acts according to the following steps in sequence:
fault current IfThrough the switch 2 and the superconducting element, due to a short-circuit fault current IfGreater than the critical current I of the superconducting elementcThe superconducting element is quenched to present a high resistance state to limit short circuit current, meanwhile, the current of the coil of the electromagnetic driving rod is increased, and under the action of the electromagnetic driving rod, the switch 1 and the switch 2 are linked to enable the switch 1 to be closed and the switch 2 to be disconnected.
In the process that the electromagnetic driving rod drives the switch 2 to be switched off and the switch 1 to be switched on, the short-circuit fault current IfRespectively flows through a branch circuit consisting of an electromagnetic impedance disc and a switch 3 in the electromagnetic driving rod and a branch circuit consisting of a switch 2 and a superconducting element, and the two branch circuits are connected in parallel for limiting current. The fault current is limited during this process primarily by superconducting element quench.
At the moment that the switch 2 is to be disconnected and the switch 1 is to be closed under the action of the electromagnetic driving rod, the control circuit part enables the switch 3 to be disconnected at the same time through the action of the current transformer, the voltage transformer and the control loop, short-circuit fault current flows through the switch 1 and the current limiting element, and the short-circuit fault current is limited by the current limiting element. At the same time, the superconducting element enters a process of restoring the superconducting state.
After the short-circuit fault current is eliminated, the current of the coil of the electromagnetic driving rod is reduced, the switch 1 and the switch 2 are linked under the action of the electromagnetic driving rod, the switch 1 is disconnected, the switch 2 is closed, the switch 3 is closed under the action of the control circuit part, and the superconducting current limiter is restored to the superconducting state and is ready for the next action.
Claims (6)
1. A power plant substation based on a hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiter comprises the following components: genset (11, 12), disconnector (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28), double bus four-section (31, 33 and 32, 34), bus tie breaker (41, 42), three-winding transformer (51, 52), hybrid high temperature superconducting current limiter (61, 62), characterized in that: a hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiter (61) and a hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiter (62) are respectively additionally arranged between the double-bus four sections (31, 33, 32 and 34), and the hybrid high-temperature superconducting current limiter (61 and 62) comprises: a fast switch, a current limiting section, a control circuit section and a superconducting element.
2. A hybrid high temperature superconducting current limiter-based power plant substation according to claim 1, characterized in that: the quick switch consists of two vacuum switches and an electromagnetic driving rod.
3. A hybrid high temperature superconducting current limiter-based power plant substation according to claim 2, characterized in that: the electromagnetic driving rod consists of an electromagnetic impedance disc and a metal rod.
4. A hybrid high temperature superconducting current limiter-based power plant substation according to claim 1, characterized in that: the current limiting part consists of a vacuum switch and a current limiting element.
5. A hybrid high temperature superconducting current limiter-based power plant substation according to claim 1, characterized in that: the control circuit part consists of a current transformer, a control circuit and a voltage transformer.
6. A hybrid high temperature superconducting current limiter-based power plant substation according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hybrid high temperature superconducting current limiters (61, 62) are interlocked with each other.
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