CN214087902U - Natural sewage treatment system based on food chain principle - Google Patents
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a natural sewage treatment system based on the food chain principle, which is provided with an algae pond, an algae-feeding biological pond, an emergent aquatic plant ecological channel and a submerged plant pond which are communicated in sequence along the sewage flow direction; the emergent aquatic plant ecological canal adopts a winding form, and a gravel packing area with the thickness of 0.4-0.6 m is arranged at the bottom of the canal; the particle size of the gravel filler is 10-25 mm; emergent aquatic plants are planted on the gravel filler. The utility model discloses the different level biological quality of water purification ability of food chain such as make full use of "alga + fish + emergent aquatic plant + submerged plant" realizes the rational disposition of producer (aquatic plant), consumer (fish etc.), decomposer (microorganism) among the waters ecosystem, has low energy consumption, the effectual characteristics of treatment effect, view.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a sewage treatment field, concretely relates to sewage natural treatment system based on food chain principle.
Background
The natural treatment method is a method for treating sewage by making the sewage pass through a certain structure and utilizing the action of aquatic organisms and microorganisms to achieve the purpose of degrading organic matters in the sewage. The natural treatment system is divided into a stabilization pond system, an artificial wetland system and a land treatment system, wherein the stabilization pond system and the artificial wetland system are commonly used.
The stabilization pond is divided into an aerobic pond, a facultative pond and an anaerobic pond according to the content of dissolved oxygen in water; a mechanically oxygenated pond is adopted as an aeration pond; the pond with the aquatic plants as the main biological population is an aquatic plant pond. The stabilization pond takes solar energy as initial energy, aquatic plants are planted in the pond for aquaculture to form an artificial ecosystem, and organic pollutants entering sewage in the pond are degraded and converted by the gradual transfer and conversion of the material transfer and conversion and the energy of a plurality of food chains in the stabilization pond under the promotion of taking the solar energy (the energy provided by solar radiation) as the initial energy.
The algae pond removes organic matters, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in water through the synergistic action of algae and bacteria, and obviously improves the content of dissolved oxygen in the water body. The main mechanism is that aerobic bacteria oxidize organic matters to generate CO2As a carbon source for algae, algae produce a large amount of O through photosynthesis2But also can be used as a raw material for oxidizing organic matters by aerobic bacteria. Compared with the traditional stabilization pond, the device has the advantages of short retention time, small occupied area and high treatment efficiency.
For example, the utility model with publication number CN201520983520.9 discloses a temperature-controlled algae pond system for purifying rural domestic sewage in all weather operation, which is provided with a rope-type biofilm carrier and a built-in LED waterproof lighting lamp, thereby significantly increasing the operation efficiency and treatment effect of the algae pond. However, the water quality of the downstream water body is affected due to the fact that the algae propagation speed is high, the Suspended Solids (SS) and the algae content of the effluent are high, and if only the removal efficiency of the algae pond is considered, but the removal of the effluent algae of the algae pond is not considered, the risk of the downstream water body that the algae are inundated can be brought.
The Chinese patent application with publication number CN104944711A discloses a water treatment method and a device based on a water ecosystem, wherein sewage is pretreated and then is introduced into an algae reactor for reaction; introducing the mixed solution after reaction into an algae eating insect reactor for reaction; separating the algae-eating insects in the mixed solution, and then introducing the water into an artificial wetland system, or introducing the mixed solution after reaction into an ecological treatment system containing aquatic animals, aquatic plants and microorganisms, and discharging the treated water.
The submerged plant is a primary producer of a common ecological system in lakes and rivers, has good oxygen delivery capacity and has obvious water body purification effect. The removal modes of COD, TN, TP and other substances mainly comprise ammonia nitrogen volatilization, biological absorption, nitrification and denitrification, sedimentation of dead biomass and accumulation of a sludge layer.
The invention patent with publication number CN201810363473.6 discloses an ecological engineering purification system suitable for micro-polluted source water, which consists of a surface flow wetland, a submerged plant pond and an ecological pond, wherein the submerged plant pond sequentially comprises a soil matrix and submerged plants in the longitudinal direction, so that the problems of high turbidity of raw drinking water and excessive ammonia nitrogen and oxygen consumption are solved, the quality of the micro-polluted raw water can be effectively improved, and the ecological engineering purification system has the advantages of simple process, low cost and easiness in maintenance.
The artificial wetland can be divided into a surface flow wetland and an undercurrent wetland according to the water flow condition, and is widely applied at present. In the prior art, the invention patent with the publication number of CN200610036318.0 discloses a method for treating urban sewage by a vertical flow and horizontal flow integrated composite artificial wetland, which has the advantages of low treatment cost, small occupied area and good effect of removing phosphorus and nitrogen by respectively filling blast furnace slag/turf mixed matrix and gravel/coal slag mixed matrix.
The utility model discloses a utility model patent with publication number CN201620515423.1 discloses an ecological sewage treatment system, including horizontal undercurrent constructed wetland unit, surface current constructed wetland unit and perpendicular undercurrent constructed wetland unit, sewage overflows to horizontal undercurrent constructed wetland unit distribution channel after the preliminary processing in sedimentation overflow tank, and this patent utilizes the organic combination of multiple constructed wetland system, and effectual nitrogen and phosphorus removal both the energy saving can beautify the environment again.
In conclusion, the natural treatment systems are widely applied to the field of sewage treatment, and the defects of low treatment efficiency, large occupied area and the like of a stabilization pond and a surface flow artificial wetland are found in practice; the subsurface flow constructed wetland has the problems of relatively high operation and maintenance cost, high requirement on water distribution uniformity, filler blockage and the like.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a sewage natural treatment system based on food chain principle carries out the organic combination with different natural treatment system, realizes the rational arrangement of producer (aquatic plant), consumer (fish etc.), decomposer (microorganism) among the waters ecosystem, has low energy consumption, the characteristics that the treatment effect is good, the view is effectual.
The utility model provides a technical scheme that above-mentioned technical problem provided does:
a natural sewage treatment system based on the food chain principle is provided with an algae pond, an algae-feeding biological pond, an emergent aquatic plant ecological channel and a submerged plant pond which are sequentially communicated along the sewage flow direction; the emergent aquatic plant ecological canal adopts a winding form, and a gravel packing area with the thickness of 0.4-0.6 m is arranged at the bottom of the canal; the particle size of the gravel filler is 10-25 mm; emergent aquatic plants are planted on the gravel filler.
Sewage natural treatment system make full use of based on food chain principle "alga + fish + emergent aquatic plant + submerged plant" etc. food chain different levels biological quality of water purification ability realizes the rational arrangement of producer (aquatic plant), consumer (fish etc.), decomposer (microorganism) among the waters ecosystem. The aims of reducing pollutants and improving water quality are achieved through the actions of plant absorption, microbial decomposition, precipitation, filtration and the like.
The channel length-width ratio of the emergent aquatic plant ecological canal is 20: 1-80: 1.
The emergent aquatic plants include rhizoma Phragmitis, rhizoma Acori Calami, canna, and Lythrum salicaria.
The average water depth of the algae pond is 0.3-0.5 m; the dominant algae species in the algae pond are Chlamydomonas, scenedesmus and Chlorella.
The deep water depth of the algae-eating biological pond is 1-2 m, and algae-eating fishes are raised in the algae-eating biological pond; setting emergent aquatic plant growing areas for planting eichhornia crassipes at the periphery of the deepwater areas, wherein the depth of water in the emergent aquatic plant growing areas is 0.2-0.5 m.
The algae-eating fish is silver carp and bighead carp, and the density of the silver carp is 40-200 g/m3The density of the bighead carp is 20-100 g/m3。
The depth of the submerged plant pond is 1-2 m; the submerged plant is Goldfish algae, tape grass or watermifoil algae.
To promote thorough mixing of the sewage, O in the pond is regulated2And CO2The water temperature in the pool is balanced, and the nitrification and denitrification of ammonia nitrogen are promoted, preferably, the algae pool is provided with a continuous stirring device vertical to the water flow direction; the algae pond and the algae-eating biological pond are communicated through an overflow weir.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of:
(1) the process of pollutant reduction in the natural environment is simulated, the use of steel concrete materials is greatly reduced, the ecological environment is friendly, and the functions of water quality improvement and landscape rest are achieved. The whole process has flexible structural design, strong impact resistance, high purification efficiency and simple maintenance, fully utilizes the existing pond for construction, has small land acquisition area, and is suitable for tail water deep treatment, heavy pollution riverway bypass treatment and agricultural non-point source pollution pre-reservoir treatment. By combining the algae pond and the algae-eating biological pond, the risk of flooding of downstream water algae is basically eliminated on the basis of ensuring higher nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency.
(2) The emergent aquatic plant ecological canal combines the characteristics of the subsurface wetland and the surface wetland, adopts the gravels with larger particle size relative to the subsurface wetland, increases the capacity of the unit for coping with hydraulic impact, and simultaneously reduces the risk of wetland blockage; compared with surface flow wetland, the treatment efficiency is higher because the biomembrane is formed on the plant root system and the broken stone gap.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a sewage treatment system.
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the sewage treatment system.
Wherein:
1 represents a stirring paddle; 2 represents an algae pond; 3 represents a weir;
4 represents an algae-feeding biological pond; 5 represents an emergent aquatic plant growing area; 6 represents an emergent aquatic plant ecological canal;
7 represents a gravel packing area; and 8 represents a submerged plant pond.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the sewage natural treatment system based on the food chain principle is shown in figure 1, and the schematic section view is shown in figure 2. Along the sewage flow direction, an algae pond 2, an algae-feeding biological pond 4, an emergent aquatic plant ecological channel 6 and a submerged plant pond 8 are sequentially arranged. The functional units are connected by a pipe, channel or weir 3.
(1) And (3) an algae pond 2: the average water depth is 0.3-0.5 m, the area is set according to the specific sewage amount, the stirring paddle 1 perpendicular to the water flow direction is arranged inside the sewage treatment device, common dominant algae are fresh water green algae such as chlamydomonas, scenedesmus, chlorella and the like, organic matters, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in water are removed through the synergistic effect of the algae and bacteria existing in the natural environment, and the dissolved oxygen content of the water body is remarkably improved. The main mechanism is that aerobic bacteria oxidize organic matters to generate CO2As a carbon source for algae, algae produce a large amount of O through photosynthesis2But also can be used as a raw material for oxidizing organic matters by aerobic bacteria. The effluent of the algae pond 2 is provided with an overflow weir 3.
(2) And (4) feeding the algae biological pond: the deep water area of the algae-eating biological pond 4 is 1-2 m in water depth, and preferably 1.5-2 m in water depth. Cultivating silver carp, bighead carp and other algae-eating fishes in deep water area, swallowing algae in water,the stocking density of silver carps is 40-200 g/m3The stocking density of bighead carp is 20-80 g/m3. Preferably, the stocking density of the chubs is 40-100 g/m3The stocking density of bighead carp is 20-40 g/m3。
Emergent aquatic plant growing regions 5 are arranged around the deep water region, the depth of water of the emergent aquatic plant growing regions 5 is 0.2-0.5 m, high-class emergent aquatic plants such as water hyacinth are planted, chemical substances secreted by the water hyacinth are beneficial to inhibiting algae propagation, and meanwhile, the planting of the high-class plants in the shallow water region also provides a habitat for fishes.
(3) Emergent aquatic plant ecological canal 6: the emergent aquatic plant ecological canal 6 adopts a zigzag form, and the length-width ratio is 20: 1-80: 1, preferably 30: 1-60: 1; the flow velocity of the water body is not more than 0.1m/s, and preferably, the flow velocity is controlled to be 0.05-0.08 m/s. A gravel packing area 7 is arranged at the bottom of an emergent aquatic plant ecological canal 6 and is paved with gravel with the thickness of 0.5m, the particle size of the gravel is 10-25 mm, and preferably, the particle size of the gravel is controlled to be 15-20 mm. Emergent aquatic plants such as reed, calamus, canna, loosestrife and the like are planted on the broken stone. Through a series of physical, chemical and biological effects such as plant absorption, gravel bed filtration and microbial decomposition, pollutants such as SS, nitrogen and phosphorus in water are further reduced.
(4) The submerged plant pond 8: the retention time is 1-2 days, the water depth is 1-2 m, submerged plants such as Goldfish algae, tape grass and watermifoil are planted in the deep water area to form an underwater forest, the transparency of the water body is improved, and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus are reduced.
Example 1
Application natural sewage treatment system based on food chain principle handle city domestic sewage factory tail water, the water yield is 6000m3And d, enabling tail water of the sewage plant to reach a first-level A standard, wherein the water quality is as follows: CODCr50mg/L, ammonia nitrogen 5mg/L and Total Phosphorus (TP)0.5 mg/L.
The wastewater firstly enters an algae pond 2, a stirring paddle 1 vertical to the water flow direction is started, the wastewater is uniformly mixed, the retention time is 4 days, the average water depth is 0.5m, and the area is 48000m2The algae seeds are fresh water green algae such as chlamydomonas, scenedesmus, chlorella and the like, and the effluent of the algae pond 2 is provided with an overflow weir 3.
After being treated by the algae pond 2Entering into the algae-feeding biological pond 4, staying for 1 day, 2m at the deepest part, and having a total area of 12000m2Stocking silver carp and bighead carp at a stocking density of 40g/m3And 20g/m3. Emergent aquatic plant growing regions 5 with the water depth of 0.5m are distributed around the algae-eating biological pond 4, and the water hyacinth is planted.
Then the emergent aquatic plants enter an emergent aquatic plant ecological canal 6, the flow rate is controlled within the range of 0.1m/s, the length of the canal is 200m, and the width of the canal is 4 m. A zigzag form is adopted, a gravel packing area 7 with the thickness of 0.5m is arranged at the bottom of the canal, the particle size of gravel is 20mm, reed, calamus and canna are mixed and planted on the packing, and the planting area ratio is 4:1: 1.
And finally, the water enters a submerged plant pond 8, the retention time is 1 day, 2m is the deepest part of the pond, and the golden fish algae and the eel grass are planted in the area with the water depth of more than 1m, so that the dissolved oxygen content of the water body is further improved, and substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like are reduced.
After the sewage is treated by the sewage treatment system, the water quality is obviously improved, and the effluent quality is as follows: COD32mg/L, NH3N is 1.46mg/L, TP is 0.35mg/L, and the main indexes reach the IV-V standard of the earth surface.
Example 2
The application of the utility model discloses handle the river course water of polluting a little, the water yield is 2000m3And d, the water quality of inlet water is as follows: CODCr40mg/L and ammonia nitrogen 2.5mg/L, TP 0.4.4 mg/L.
The wastewater firstly enters an algae pond 2, a stirring paddle 1 vertical to the water flow direction is started, the wastewater is uniformly mixed, the retention time is 5 days, the water depth is 0.5m, and the area is 20000m2。
After being treated by the algae pond 2, the algae enters an algae-eating biological pond 4 and stays for one day, the deepest part is 2m, and the total area is 4000m2Stocking silver carp and bighead carp at a stocking density of 60g/m3And 30g/m3. Emergent aquatic plant growing regions 5 with the water depth of 0.5m are distributed around the algae-eating biological pond 4, eichhornia crassipes is planted, and an overflow weir 3 is arranged at the effluent of the algae pond 2.
Then the water enters an emergent aquatic plant ecological canal 6, the water is in a winding form, the flow rate is controlled within 0.1m/s, the length is 100m, the width is 2m, a crushed stone filling area 7 with the thickness of 0.5m is arranged at the bottom of the canal, the particle size of the crushed stone is 15mm, and reed is planted on the filling.
And finally, the water enters a submerged plant pond 8, the retention time is 1 day, 2m is the deepest part of the pond, and the golden fish algae are planted in an area with the water depth of more than 1m, so that the dissolved oxygen content of the water body is further improved, and substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like are reduced.
After the sewage is treated by the sewage treatment system, the transparency is obviously improved, the water quality is obviously improved, and the effluent quality is as follows: COD 26mg/L, NH3N is 1.35mg/L, TP is 0.27mg/L, and the main indexes reach the surface IV standard.
Comparative example
The application of the utility model discloses handle the river course water of polluting a little, the water yield is 1800m3And d, the water quality of inlet water is as follows: CODCr38mg/L and ammonia nitrogen 2.4mg/L, TP 0.42.42 mg/L.
The wastewater firstly enters an algae pond 2, a stirring paddle 1 vertical to the water flow direction is started, the wastewater is uniformly mixed, the retention time is 5 days, the water depth is 0.5m, and the area is 18000m2。
After being treated by the algae pond 2, the algae enters an algae-eating biological pond 4 and stays for 1 day, the deepest part is 2m, and the total area is 3600m2Stocking silver carp and bighead carp at a stocking density of 60g/m3And 30g/m3. Emergent aquatic plant growing regions 5 with the water depth of 0.5m are distributed around the algae-eating biological pond 4, eichhornia crassipes is planted, and an overflow weir 3 is arranged at the effluent of the algae pond 2.
Then the reed enters an emergent aquatic plant ecological canal without laying broken stones, the shape of meandering is adopted, the flow rate is controlled within 0.1m/s, the length is 90m, the width is 2m, the reed is directly planted, and the water depth is controlled within 0.5 m.
And finally, the water enters a submerged plant pond 8, the retention time is 1 day, 2m is the deepest part of the pond, and the golden fish algae are planted in an area with the water depth of more than 1m, so that the dissolved oxygen content of the water body is further improved, and substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like are reduced.
After the sewage is treated by the sewage treatment system, the transparency is obviously improved, the water quality is obviously improved, and the effluent quality is as follows: COD 29mg/L, NH3-N1.6 mg/L, TP 0.31mg/L, COD earth's surface IV class standard, nevertheless ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus can not reach earth's surface IV class water standard, show that emergent aquatic plant ecological canal 6's filler has obvious effect to water quality promotion, this processing unit has combined undercurrent wetland and surface current wet in factThe advantages of the land not only ensure higher pollutant removal efficiency, but also have the advantages of low investment and operation cost and difficult blockage.
Claims (7)
1. A natural sewage treatment system based on a food chain principle is characterized in that an algae pond (2), an algae-feeding biological pond (4), an emergent aquatic plant ecological channel (6) and a submerged plant pond (8) which are communicated in sequence are arranged along the sewage flow direction; the emergent aquatic plant ecological canal (6) adopts a winding form, and a gravel packing area (7) with the thickness of 0.4-0.6 m is arranged at the bottom of the canal; the particle size of the gravel filler is 10-25 mm; emergent aquatic plants are planted on the gravel filler.
2. The natural sewage treatment system based on the food chain principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the channel length-width ratio of the emergent aquatic plant ecological channel (6) is 20: 1-80: 1; the emergent aquatic plant is reed, calamus, canna or loosestrife.
3. The natural sewage treatment system based on food chain principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the average water depth of said algae pond (2) is 0.3-0.5 m; the dominant algae species in the algae pond (2) are chlamydomonas, scenedesmus or chlorella.
4. The sewage natural treatment system based on the food chain principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deep water area of the algae-eating biological pond (4) is 1-2 m deep, and algae-eating fish are stocked in the algae-eating biological pond (4); setting emergent aquatic plant growing areas (5) for growing eichhornia crassipes at the periphery of the deepwater area, wherein the depth of water of the emergent aquatic plant growing areas (5) is 0.2-0.5 m.
5. The natural sewage treatment system based on the food chain principle as claimed in claim 4, wherein the algae-eating fish is silver carp and bighead carp, and the density of the silver carp is 40-200 g/m3The density of the bighead carp is 20-100 g/m3。
6. The natural sewage treatment system based on the food chain principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth of water in the submerged plant pond (8) is 1-2 m; the submerged plant is Goldfish algae, tape grass or watermifoil algae.
7. The food chain principle-based sewage natural treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the algae pond (2) is provided with a continuous stirring device (1) perpendicular to a water flow direction; the algae pond (2) is communicated with the algae-eating biological pond (4) through an overflow weir (3).
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