CN213847597U - Variable rate fertilization system - Google Patents
Variable rate fertilization system Download PDFInfo
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- CN213847597U CN213847597U CN202022517842.8U CN202022517842U CN213847597U CN 213847597 U CN213847597 U CN 213847597U CN 202022517842 U CN202022517842 U CN 202022517842U CN 213847597 U CN213847597 U CN 213847597U
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Abstract
The embodiment of the utility model provides a variable rate fertilization system, which comprises a traction device, a fertilization device, an ultrasonic sensing array, a soil conductivity sensor and a control device; the fertilizing device is arranged on the traction device; the ultrasonic sensing array is used for collecting the fertilization depth; the soil conductivity sensor is used for collecting soil conductivity; the control device is used for driving the fertilizing device according to the ultrasonic sensing array and the soil conductivity sensor. The embodiment of the utility model provides a variable rate fertilization system can accomplish the variable rate fertilization operation according to the fertilization degree of depth and soil conductivity, compares with conventional side deep fertilization and can effectively reduce the fertilizer application volume, also can satisfy the actual production needs to the fertilizer utilization ratio has been improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, especially, relate to a variable fertilization system.
Background
The rice is one of the main grain crops in China and even all over the world, and the national data of 2018 shows that the planting area of the rice in China reaches 3.019khm2China is also the biggest world producing country of rice. Fertilization is an important link in the rice production process, and the development of precision agriculture has higher and higher requirements on the intellectualization of agricultural equipment. People pay more and more attention to the environmental problem, avoid the big environmental pollution that causes of fertilization volume, can be accurate fertilize according to the required fertilizer volume of crop, make output maximize under the prerequisite that reduces the fertilization total amount, be a key operation link of accurate agriculture.
At home and abroad, a great deal of research on variable fertilization technology exists, the yield can be maximized on the premise of reducing the total fertilization amount through the variable fertilization technology, but the research on the fertilization technology of rice is less. The existing rice fertilization technology mainly adopts a side deep fertilization technology, but the rice side deep fertilization technology solves the problem of fertilizer surface fertilization, but only can perform uniform strip fertilization, cannot perform variable fertilization and cannot further improve the fertilizer utilization rate.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The embodiment of the utility model provides a variable rate fertilization system aims at being used for the variable rate fertilization of rice to improve the fertilizer utilization ratio.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a variable rate fertilization system, which comprises a traction device, a fertilization device, an ultrasonic sensing array, a soil conductivity sensor and a control device;
the fertilizing device is arranged on the traction device;
the ultrasonic sensing array is used for collecting the fertilization depth;
the soil conductivity sensor is used for collecting soil conductivity;
the control device is electrically connected with the fertilizing device, the ultrasonic sensing array and the soil conductivity sensor, and the control device is used for driving the fertilizing device according to the ultrasonic sensing array and the soil conductivity sensor.
According to the utility model discloses a variable rate fertilization system, ultrasonic sensing array set up in fertilizer injection unit.
According to the utility model discloses a variable rate fertilization system, soil conductivity sensor set up in draw gear's bottom.
According to the utility model discloses a variable rate fertilization system, fertilizer injection unit with soil conductivity sensor all set up in draw gear's rear end, soil conductivity sensor is located fertilizer injection unit's the place ahead down.
According to the variable rate fertilization system of one embodiment of the utility model, the control device comprises a data acquisition module, a data processing module, a serial port communication module and a fertilization controller which are electrically connected;
the data acquisition module is electrically connected with the fertilizing device and the ultrasonic sensing array;
the fertilization controller is electrically connected with the fertilization device.
According to the utility model discloses a variable rate fertilization system, draw gear is the transplanter.
According to the utility model discloses a variable rate fertilization system, variable rate fertilization system still includes positioner, positioner electric connection controlling means.
According to the utility model discloses a variable rate fertilization system, positioner set up in draw gear's front end top.
According to the utility model discloses a variable rate fertilization system, variable rate fertilization system still includes vehicle mounted display terminal, vehicle mounted display terminal electric connection controlling means.
According to the utility model discloses a variable rate fertilization system, variable rate fertilization system still includes the power, power electric connection controlling means.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a variable rate fertilization system can accomplish the variable rate fertilization operation according to the fertilization degree of depth and soil conductivity, compares with conventional side deep fertilization and can effectively reduce the fertilizer application volume, also can satisfy the actual production needs to the fertilizer utilization ratio has been improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a variable rate fertilization system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a control method of a variable fertilization system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a control method of another variable fertilizing system provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
100: a variable rate fertilization system; 1: a traction device; 2: a fertilizing device; 3: an ultrasonic sensing array; 4: a soil conductivity sensor; 5: a data acquisition module; 6: a positioning device; 7: a vehicle-mounted display terminal; 8: a power source.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a variable fertilization system can be used for the dark variable fertilization of side of rice, as shown in fig. 1, this variable fertilization system 100 includes draw gear 1, fertilizer injection unit 2, ultrasonic wave sensing array 3, soil conductivity sensor 4 and controlling means.
As shown in fig. 1, the fertilizer application device 2 is provided to the traction device 1. The traction device 1 may be a rice transplanter or the like, and the fertilizer application device 2 is usually provided at the rear end of the traction device 1. In this embodiment, the fertilizer application device 2 is an air-assisted fertilizer application device, and the air-assisted fertilizer application device includes a fertilizer application driving motor, an air blower, a fertilizer applicator, and the like, and drives the fertilizer application driving motor, and the fertilizer can be discharged through the fertilizer applicator.
As shown in fig. 1, an ultrasonic sensor array 3 is used to collect fertilization depth. The ultrasonic sensor array 3 may be provided in the traction device 1 or the fertilizing device 2. The ultrasonic sensing array 3 comprises a plurality of rows of ultrasonic sensors arranged in the front-back direction, and the front-side mean depth weight is generally smaller than the back-side mean depth weight, for example, 4 ultrasonic sensors are arranged on the front and back sides of the transplanter, the front-side mean depth weight is 0.4, and the back-side mean depth weight is 0.6, so as to obtain the actual fertilization depth.
As shown in fig. 1, a soil conductivity sensor 4 is used to collect soil conductivity. Wherein, the soil conductivity sensor 4 is usually arranged at the bottom of the traction device 1, and the soil conductivity sensor 4 is also arranged at the rear end of the traction device 1, and the soil conductivity sensor 4 is positioned at the lower front part of the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer applying device 2.
The control device is electrically connected with the fertilizing device 2, the ultrasonic sensing array 3 and the soil conductivity sensor 4, and the control device is used for driving the fertilizing device 2 according to the ultrasonic sensing array 3 and the soil conductivity sensor 4. The ultrasonic sensing array 3 can measure the fertilizing depth of the fertilizing device 2, and the fertilizing amount can be relatively reduced compared with the fertilizing amount of a shallow fertilizer because the deep fertilizing is favorable for absorption; the soil conductivity sensor 4 can measure the soil conductivity, which can be used as a determination index of soil fertility, and generally, the soil conductivity in a high-fertility field is high, and the soil conductivity in a low-fertility field is low. After the ultrasonic sensing array 3 and the soil conductivity sensor 4 respectively collect the fertilization depth and the soil conductivity and send the fertilization depth and the soil conductivity to the control device, the control device can control the fertilization device 2 to carry out variable fertilizer discharge according to the fertilization depth and the soil conductivity. Specifically, in this embodiment, the control device includes a data acquisition module 5, a data processing module, a serial communication module and a fertilization controller, which are electrically connected; the data acquisition module 5 is electrically connected with the fertilizing device 2 and the ultrasonic sensing array 3; the fertilization controller is electrically connected with the fertilization device 2. Ultrasonic sensing array 3 and soil conductivity sensor 4 can acquire fertilization degree of depth information and soil fertility information, data acquisition module 5 can be with the sensor information transmission who gathers to the data processing module analysis processing, in order to obtain fertilization decision information, data processing module sends fertilization decision information to fertilization controller, fertilization controller is according to fertilization decision information drive fertilizer discharging motor, in order to discharge fertilizer through the fertilizer discharging ware, wherein, controlling means can adopt STM32, utilize STM32 to realize data acquisition, processing and communication.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the variable rate fertilization system 100 further includes a positioning device 6, the positioning device 6 is electrically connected to the control device, the position and the vehicle speed of the traction device 1 can be obtained through the positioning device 6, and variable rate fertilization can be completed by controlling the vehicle speed and the rotating speed of the fertilizer discharging motor. Wherein, the positioning device 6 can be a GPS device or the like, and the positioning device 6 is usually disposed on the top of the front end of the traction device 1.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the variable fertilizing system 100 further includes an on-board display terminal 7, and the on-board display terminal 7 is electrically connected to the control device. And finally, displaying the fertilization grade, the vehicle speed, the position, the sensor measurement value and the like on the vehicle-mounted display terminal 7 in real time.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the variable fertilizing system 100 further includes a power supply 8, and the power supply 8 is electrically connected to the control device. The power supply 8 can supply power to the variable fertilizing system 100, in this embodiment, the power supply 8 is a 12V power supply, and the power supply 8 is provided in the traction device 1.
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a control method of a variable fertilization system provided by an embodiment of the present invention, which can be implemented based on the variable fertilization system shown above, and the control method includes, but is not limited to, the following steps:
s210: and obtaining the fertilization depth and the soil conductivity.
Specifically, corresponding information data can be collected in real time or periodically through various sensors on the variable fertilization system, and the collected information data comprise fertilization depth FD and soil conductivity SEC, wherein the variable fertilization system respectively collects the fertilization depth FD and the soil conductivity SEC through an ultrasonic sensing array and a soil conductivity sensor.
S220: and determining the target fertilizing amount according to the fertilizing depth and the soil conductivity.
Specifically, because deep fertilization facilitates absorption, the fertilization amount can be relatively reduced compared with shallow fertilization, and the soil conductivity can be used as a determination index of soil fertility, in general, the soil conductivity of a high-fertility field is high, and the soil conductivity of a low-fertility field is low, so that the fertilization amount is changed according to the fertilization depth FD and the soil conductivity SEC, and the fertilizer application amount can be effectively reduced on the premise of meeting the actual production requirement.
Optionally, the control device may determine the target fertilizing amount according to the fertilizing depth and the soil conductivity by: if the fertilization depth is larger than the fertilization depth threshold value, the control device determines that the target fertilization amount is a first fertilization amount; and if the fertilization depth is smaller than the fertilization depth threshold value, the control device determines the target fertilization amount according to the soil conductivity.
Concretely speaking, the fertilization depth threshold value X1The fertilizing depth threshold value X can be set according to the actual production condition, for example, the fertilizing depth threshold value X is determined according to the agricultural technology of 'side 3 to 5' of the air-assisted rice side deep fertilizing1Is 5 cm. When the fertilization depth FD is equal to the fertilization depth threshold value X1In this case, the control means may be configured to determine the target fertilizing amount as the first fertilizing amount, and the control means may be configured to perform the step of determining the target fertilizing amount based on the soil conductivity.
The control device can determine the target fertilizing amount according to the soil conductivity by the following steps: if the conductivity of the soil is greater than the first conductivity threshold value, determining that the target fertilizing amount is a second fertilizing amount; if the soil conductivity is smaller than the first conductivity threshold value and larger than the second conductivity threshold value, determining that the target fertilizing amount is a third fertilizing amount; and if the conductivity of the soil is smaller than the second conductivity threshold value, determining the target fertilizing amount as a fourth fertilizing amount.
Specifically, the second conductivity threshold value X3Less than a first conductivity threshold X2The second fertilizing amount is larger than the first fertilizing amount, the third fertilizing amount is larger than the second fertilizing amount, and the fourth fertilizing amount is larger than the third fertilizing amount. First conductivity threshold value X2And a second conductivity threshold X3The second conductivity threshold value X can be set according to actual production conditions, for example3Is the average value of the soil conductivity and the first conductivity threshold value X2The sum of the average value of the conductivity of the soil and the standard deviation of the conductivity of the soil. The first fertilizing amount, the second fertilizing amount, the third fertilizing amount and the fourth fertilizing amount can be set according to actual production conditions, for example, the first fertilizing amount is reduced by 23% relative to the normal fertilizing amount, the second fertilizing amount is reduced by 15% relative to the normal fertilizing amount, the third fertilizing amount is reduced by 5% relative to the normal fertilizing amount, and the fourth fertilizing amount is the normal fertilizing amount. When the soil conductivity SEC is equal to the first conductivity threshold value X2When the target fertilizing amount is the second fertilizing amount or the third fertilizing amount, the control device can determine the target fertilizing amount to be the second fertilizing amount or the third fertilizing amount; when the soil conductivity SEC is equal to the second conductivity threshold value X3The control device may determine the target fertilizing amount as the third fertilizing amount or the fourth fertilizing amount.
As shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 is a control method of a variable fertilization system provided by an embodiment of the present invention, which can be implemented based on the variable fertilization system as described above, and the control method includes, but is not limited to, the following steps:
step S301: a sensor signal is acquired.
Specifically, corresponding information data can be collected in real time or periodically through various sensors on the variable rate fertilization system, wherein the acquired sensor signals comprise fertilization depth and soil conductivity.
Step S302: and collecting data.
In particular, the control device may collect data in real time or periodically. Wherein the collected data comprises fertilization depth FD and soil conductivity SEC.
Step S303: and (6) filtering the data.
Optionally, the program of the variable fertilization system is written in C language and VC + + language, and the C language programming part mainly realizes the functions of receiving and filtering fertilization depth and soil fertility information during variable fertilization of rice. The control device may perform mean filtering on the information of the sensor, or the control device may analyze the information of the sensor and the GPS.
Step S304: and (5) variable fertilization strategy.
Step S305: and determining the fertilization grade.
Step S306: setting target fertilizing amount.
Step S307: whether the target fertilizing amount is changed or not, if so, executing a step S308; if not, step S309 is executed.
Step S308: and updating the target fertilizing amount.
Step S309: and analyzing the GPS information.
Step S310: and calculating the rotating speed of the fertilizer discharging motor.
Step S311: and finishing fertilizer discharging.
Specifically, collected sensor signals are subjected to data filtering, then are processed through a variable fertilization strategy, the fertilization grade is confirmed, then the fertilization amount is set, and finally variable fertilization is completed through the vehicle speed and the rotating speed of a fertilizer discharging motor. Optionally, the fertilization strategy is to divide the rice field into four areas according to the fertilization depth and the soil conductivity, wherein the four areas are a deep fertilization area, a high fertility area, a medium fertility area and a low fertility area respectively, and then the fertilization amount is divided into four grades of "1", "2", "3" and "4", wherein the grade "1" corresponds to the deep fertilization area and the first fertilization amount, the grade "2" corresponds to the high fertility area and the second fertilization amount, the grade "3" corresponds to the medium fertility area and the third fertilization amount, and the grade "4" corresponds to the low fertility area and the fourth fertilization amount.
Optionally, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a control method for a variable fertilization system, where the control method can be implemented based on the variable fertilization system as shown above, and the control method includes, but is not limited to, the following steps:
step S401: a sensor signal is acquired.
Step S402: and (4) calculating the fertilization depth FD and the soil conductivity SEC.
Step S403: determining fertilization depth threshold value X1First conductivity threshold value X2And a second conductivity threshold X3。
Step S404: determining whether the fertilization depth FD is less than the fertilization depth threshold value X1If not, executing step S405; if yes, go to step S406.
Step S405: and judging the fertilizing area to be a deep fertilizing area, outputting decision information of '1', and reducing the fertilizing amount by 23%.
Step S406: determining whether the soil conductivity SEC is less than a first conductivity threshold X2If not, go to step S407; if yes, go to step S408.
Step S407: and judging the area with high fertility, outputting decision information of 2 percent, and reducing the fertilizing amount by 15 percent.
Step S408: determining whether the soil conductivity SEC is less than a second conductivity threshold X3If not, executing step S409; if yes, go to step S410.
Step S409: and judging the area to be a middle fertility area, outputting decision information of 3 percent and reducing the fertilizing amount by 5 percent.
Step S410: and (5) judging the area with low fertility, outputting decision information '4' and normally fertilizing the fertilizer.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a variable rate fertilization system can accomplish the variable rate fertilization operation according to the fertilization degree of depth and soil conductivity, compares with conventional side deep fertilization and can effectively reduce the fertilizer application volume, also can satisfy the actual production needs to the fertilizer utilization ratio has been improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention in its corresponding aspects.
Claims (10)
1. A variable rate fertilization system is characterized by comprising a traction device, a fertilization device, an ultrasonic sensing array, a soil conductivity sensor and a control device;
the fertilizing device is arranged on the traction device;
the ultrasonic sensing array is used for collecting the fertilization depth;
the soil conductivity sensor is used for collecting soil conductivity;
the control device is electrically connected with the fertilizing device, the ultrasonic sensing array and the soil conductivity sensor, and the control device is used for driving the fertilizing device according to the ultrasonic sensing array and the soil conductivity sensor.
2. The variable rate fertilization system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic sensing array is disposed on the fertilization device.
3. The variable fertilizing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil conductivity sensor is provided at the bottom of the traction device.
4. The variable rate fertilization system of claim 1, wherein the fertilization device and the soil conductivity sensor are both disposed at a rear end of the traction device, the soil conductivity sensor being located below and forward of a fertilizer discharge port of the fertilization device.
5. The variable rate fertilization system of claim 1, wherein the control device comprises a data acquisition module, a data processing module, a serial communication module and a fertilization controller which are electrically connected;
the data acquisition module is electrically connected with the fertilizing device and the ultrasonic sensing array;
the fertilization controller is electrically connected with the fertilization device.
6. The variable rate fertilization system of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the traction device is a rice transplanter.
7. The variable rate fertilization system of any one of claims 1-5, further comprising a positioning device, the positioning device being electrically connected to the control device.
8. The variable rate fertilization system of claim 7, wherein the positioning device is disposed atop a front end of the traction device.
9. The variable fertilizing system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a vehicle-mounted display terminal, wherein the vehicle-mounted display terminal is electrically connected to the control device.
10. The variable rate fertilization system of any one of claims 1-5, further comprising a power source electrically connected to the control device.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112461899A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-03-09 | 农芯科技(广州)有限责任公司 | Variable rate fertilization system and control method thereof |
| CN113661822A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-11-19 | 上海联适导航技术股份有限公司 | Variable rate fertilization method and system based on temperature compensation |
| CN114145116A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-08 | 上海联适导航技术股份有限公司 | Side deep fertilization control system based on soil conductivity |
-
2020
- 2020-11-04 CN CN202022517842.8U patent/CN213847597U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112461899A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-03-09 | 农芯科技(广州)有限责任公司 | Variable rate fertilization system and control method thereof |
| CN113661822A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-11-19 | 上海联适导航技术股份有限公司 | Variable rate fertilization method and system based on temperature compensation |
| CN114145116A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-08 | 上海联适导航技术股份有限公司 | Side deep fertilization control system based on soil conductivity |
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