CN213416781U

CN213416781U - High-temperature reforming and gasifying device for household garbage

Info

Publication number: CN213416781U
Application number: CN202022056778.8U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 丛纪东
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-09-18
Filing date: 2020-09-18
Publication date: 2021-06-11
Anticipated expiration: 2030-09-18

Abstract

The utility model provides a domestic waste high temperature reforming gasification equipment belongs to the refuse treatment equipment field, the induction cooker comprises a cooker bod, from last to being equipped with down in proper order in the furnace body: a drying chamber for drying the input garbage; the gasification pyrolysis chamber is provided with a heat radiation unit and is used for heating and decomposing the garbage; and the ash processing chamber is used for carrying out oxygen-limited combustion on the ash generated by the gasification pyrolysis chamber. The utility model discloses carry out the gasification pyrolysis again after drying domestic waste, and the gasification pyrolysis adopts the heat radiation mode, make rubbish can thermally equivalent like this, guarantee rubbish can be totally by high temperature treatment, reduced the content of harmful substance in the waste residue to can make the gas that produces among the gasification pyrolysis process circulate and gasify, make the gas decomposition more thorough.

Description

High-temperature reforming and gasifying device for household garbage

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of refuse treatment, concretely relates to domestic waste high temperature reforming gasification equipment.

Background

In recent years, with the continuous and rapid development of economy, the yield of municipal domestic waste is continuously increased, and under the requirement of sustainable development of ecological environment, the harmless treatment of the domestic waste is of great importance.

The existing treatment method of the household garbage mainly comprises a landfill technology, an incineration technology, a composting technology, a gasification technology and the like, wherein the landfill technology and the incineration technology have large investment and extremely low resource efficiency and are easy to generate secondary pollution; the added value of the garbage compost treatment is low, and the garbage compost treatment is difficult to popularize and utilize due to heavy metals; the gasification technology is a novel garbage treatment technology, and compared with the conventional garbage treatment method, the gasification technology has the advantages of high energy recovery and utilization rate, small secondary pollution and the like, so the gasification technology has wide development prospect.

Most of the current garbage gasification treatment is a plasma garbage treatment technology, namely, a plasma torch is adopted to directly gasify the garbage, the plasma is a high-temperature, ionized and conductive gas state generated by the contact of gas and electric arc, and the electric arc energy is rapidly transferred and changed into the heat energy of the gas due to the electric conductivity of ionized gas, so that a high-temperature gas jet (the temperature reaches above 5500 ℃) and a high-intensity heat source are formed, and the garbage is gasified.

However, the waste is directly gasified by the plasma torch, and the temperature field distribution of the waste is uneven, so that the waste cannot be completely treated at high temperature, and a large amount of dioxin and other harmful substances are generated in the discharged waste residue, so that the waste residue needs to be further treated, and the treatment cost is increased.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

Based on above-mentioned background problem, the utility model aims at providing a domestic waste high temperature reforming gasification equipment carries out gasification pyrolysis again after drying to domestic waste, and the gasification pyrolysis adopts the heat radiation mode, makes rubbish can the thermally equivalent like this, guarantees that rubbish can be totally by high temperature treatment, has reduced harmful substance's content in the waste residue.

In order to achieve the above object, on the one hand, the utility model provides a technical scheme is:

the utility model provides a domestic waste high temperature reforming gasification equipment, includes the furnace body, from last to being equipped with down in proper order in the furnace body:

a drying chamber for drying the input garbage;

the gasification pyrolysis chamber is provided with a heat radiation unit and is used for heating and decomposing the garbage;

and the ash processing chamber is used for carrying out oxygen-limited combustion on the ash generated by the gasification pyrolysis chamber.

In one embodiment, the bottom of the drying chamber is provided with a hydraulic pushing mechanism for blocking the garbage, so that the thrown garbage stays and is dried in the drying chamber, and the garbage enters the gasification pyrolysis chamber after the drying is finished.

The drying chamber is communicated with a feeding bin, and a cover plate is arranged on a feeding hole of the feeding bin; the top of the drying chamber is also provided with a one-way safety valve.

Preferably, the temperature in the drying chamber is 180-.

In one embodiment, a gasification layer and a pyrolysis layer are sequentially arranged in the gasification pyrolysis chamber from top to bottom; the heat radiation unit is arranged in the gasification layer, so that organic matters in the garbage are gasified into combustible gas and/or non-combustible gas, and the combustible gas is circularly gasified.

Preferably, the heat radiation unit is an infrared heating system disposed on a sidewall of the gasification pyrolysis chamber.

Preferably, the temperature of the gasification layer is 500-600 ℃, and the temperature of the pyrolysis layer is 650-800 ℃.

In one embodiment, a red carbon layer and an ash layer are sequentially arranged in the ash processing chamber from top to bottom, and a rotary grate is arranged at the joint of the red carbon layer and the ash layer.

Preferably, the temperature of the red carbon layer is 800-.

In one embodiment, the high-temperature reforming gasification device for household garbage further comprises a secondary combustion chamber, the secondary combustion chamber is communicated with the furnace body and is used for completely combusting gas generated in the furnace body, and the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber is 1100-.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following effect has:

1. the utility model discloses a device gasifies the pyrolysis again after drying domestic waste, and gasifies the pyrolysis and adopt the heat radiation mode, makes rubbish can the thermally equivalent like this, guarantees that rubbish can be totally by high temperature treatment, has reduced harmful substance's content in the waste residue.

2. The gasification pyrolysis chamber of the utility model is provided with a gasification layer and a pyrolysis layer, organic matters in the domestic garbage are gasified into combustible gas and/or non-combustible gas, and the combustible gas can be circularly gasified by infrared heat radiation, a rotary grate and the control of air input, so that the gas is decomposed more thoroughly; the main products after pyrolysis comprise ash, hydrogen, water vapor, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, tar and other hydrocarbon substances, because the cyclic gasification is carried out in the gasification layer, the pyrolysis layer is in an oxygen-limited state, and after the carbon monoxide, the carbon dioxide, the methane, the tar and other hydrocarbon substances are circularly decomposed for many times, the production amount is greatly reduced, and the purity and the heat value are increased.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-temperature reforming and gasifying device for household garbage in the embodiment of the utility model.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "top", "bottom", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings of the specification, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

The utility model provides a domestic waste high temperature reforming gasification equipment, as shown in figure 1, includes furnace body 1, from last to being equipped with down in proper order in the furnace body: a drying chamber 1-1, a gasification pyrolysis chamber and an ash processing chamber.

In this embodiment, the furnace body 1 is a vertical cylindrical cabin structure, and the top and the bottom of the furnace body 1 are both tapered, and it should be noted that the shape of the furnace body 1 is not limited thereto.

In this embodiment, the drying chamber 1-1 is used for drying the input garbage, specifically, the drying chamber 1-1 is disposed at the top of the furnace body 1, a feeding bin 2 is communicated with a side wall of the drying chamber 1-1, and a cover plate 201 is disposed at a feeding end of the feeding bin 2.

The domestic garbage charged into the drying chamber 1-1 is subjected to heat exchange with steam generated in the gasification pyrolysis chamber and the ash treatment chamber in the furnace body 1 to uniformly heat and dry the domestic garbage, and the domestic garbage is also heated and dried by an infrared heating system 103 described later. The temperature of the drying layer 1-1 is set to 180-260 ℃ in this embodiment, which can be adjusted according to specific situations.

In order to dry the garbage fed into the drying chamber 1-1 sufficiently, in the embodiment, a hydraulic pushing mechanism 101 is arranged at the bottom of the drying chamber 1-1, as shown in fig. 1, the hydraulic pushing mechanism 101 is horizontally arranged, a barrier can be formed to block the fed garbage, and the garbage is fed into the gasification pyrolysis chamber after the drying is finished.

Specifically, the hydraulic pushing mechanism 101 may be a plurality of hydraulic rods arranged side by side along the side wall of the drying chamber 1-1, the hydraulic rods form a barrier to block garbage when extending out, after drying is completed, the hydraulic rods shrink, and the garbage continuously falls to the gasification pyrolysis chamber, and the drying time may be set to be 5-10min in this embodiment. The hydraulic propulsion mechanism 101 is not limited to this.

In order to ensure the safety of the gasification process, a one-way safety valve 102 is further disposed at the top of the furnace body 1 (i.e., the top of the drying chamber 1-1) in this embodiment, and the structure of the one-way safety valve 102 is the prior art, which is not described in detail in this embodiment.

In this embodiment, the gasification pyrolysis chamber is used for heating and decomposing the garbage, and specifically, the gasification pyrolysis chamber is internally provided with a gasification layer 1-2 and a pyrolysis layer 1-3 from top to bottom in sequence.

The gasification layer 1-2 is provided with the heat radiation unit, in this embodiment, the heat radiation unit is an infrared heating system 103, the infrared heating system 103 is arranged on the side wall of the gasification pyrolysis chamber, as shown in fig. 1, the infrared heating system 103 is specifically arranged at the joint of the gasification layer 1-2 and the pyrolysis layer 1-3.

The household garbage is dried in the drying chamber 1-1 and then falls into the gasification layer 1-2, the household garbage is heated to about 500 ℃ under the action of infrared heat radiation, and the household garbage is heated under the action of multi-stage heat radiation of the infrared heat radiation to generate a thermal decomposition reaction. Specifically, organic matters in the household garbage are gasified into combustible gas and/or non-combustible gas, and the combustible gas can be gasified repeatedly and circularly by adjusting the air inflow under the action of infrared heat radiation and a rotary grate 104 to be described later, so that the gas is decomposed more thoroughly.

The household garbage enters the pyrolysis layer 1-3 to be basically decomposed, main products after decomposition are ash, hydrogen, water vapor, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, tar and other hydrocarbon substances, the combustible gas is circularly gasified in the gasification layer 1-2, so that the pyrolysis layer 1-3 is in an oxygen-limited state, namely the pyrolysis layer 1-3 almost has no oxygen, at the moment, the carbon dioxide, the carbon and the water vapor are subjected to reduction reaction in the pyrolysis layer 1-3 to generate the carbon monoxide and the hydrogen, and the temperature of a pyrolysis zone is correspondingly reduced to about 650-800 ℃ because the reduction reaction is an endothermic reaction.

Because carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, tar and other hydrocarbon substances are gasified and decomposed for a plurality of times, the production amount is greatly reduced, and the purity and the calorific value are increased.

In this embodiment, the ash processing chamber is used for oxygen-limited combustion of ash generated by the gasification pyrolysis chamber, specifically, a red carbon layer 1-4 and an ash layer 1-5 are sequentially arranged in the gasification pyrolysis chamber from top to bottom, a rotary grate 104 is arranged at a joint of the red carbon layer 1-4 and the ash layer 1-5, the rotary grate 104 is an existing product, and a detailed description of a structure thereof is omitted in this embodiment.

The ash entering the red carbon layers 1-4 reacts violently with air to release a large amount of heat, because the oxygen is lack due to oxygen-limited combustion and the supply of oxygen is not enough due to the circulation gasification decomposition, the ash is not completely combusted to generate carbon monoxide, and simultaneously the heat is released, the temperature of the red carbon layers 1-4 reaches 850 ℃, and ash generated by household garbage combusted in the red carbon layers 1-4 falls into the ash layers 1-5.

It is noted that the combustible gas produced by the combustion of the ash on the red carbon layer 1-4 and the combustible gas produced by the gasification layer 1-2 have higher purity, higher calorific value and better element matching degree.

In order to remove harmful gases generated in the furnace body 1, the high-temperature domestic garbage reforming gasification device of the embodiment further comprises a secondary combustion chamber, wherein the secondary combustion chamber is communicated with the furnace body 1 and is used for allowing gases generated in the furnace body 1 to enter and completely combust to generate CO₂And H₂And O, controlling the temperature in the secondary chamber to 1100-1350 ℃, controlling the outlet temperature to 1100 ℃ and controlling the retention time of the flue gas in the secondary chamber to be more than or equal to 3S in order to ensure that the combustible gas, the dioxin and the like are completely burnt out in the secondary chamber.

In the actual operation process, the drying, gasification, pyrolysis and ash burning of the household garbage have no clear boundary, and the processes are mutually permeated and staggered, so that the whole gasification decomposition process consumes a large amount of oxygen, the gas components and the smoke gas quantity are further reduced, the purity is higher than that of elements generated by pyrolysis and is more similar to that of cracking, and the products are mainly carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane and a small amount of other hydrocarbon gases and a small amount of ash.

The utility model discloses when using, drop into domestic waste from feeding storehouse 2, the domestic waste who drops into directly gets into drying chamber 1-1 dry, and the domestic waste after the drying is heated gasification decomposition under infrared thermal radiation's effect, and the lime-ash that decomposes the production violently burns at red carbon-bed 1-4, and the ashes that generate get into ember layer 1-5.

It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept, several variations and modifications can be made, which are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a domestic waste high temperature reforming gasification equipment, includes the furnace body, its characterized in that, from last to being equipped with down in proper order in the furnace body:

a drying chamber for drying the input garbage;

2. The high-temperature household garbage reforming and gasifying device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a hydraulic pushing mechanism for blocking the garbage is arranged at the bottom of the drying chamber, so that the thrown garbage stays and is dried in the drying chamber, and the garbage enters the gasification pyrolysis chamber after the drying is finished.

3. The high-temperature household garbage reforming and gasifying device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the drying chamber is communicated with a feeding bin, and a cover plate is arranged on a feeding hole of the feeding bin; the top of the drying chamber is also provided with a one-way safety valve.

4. The high-temperature reforming and gasifying device for household garbage as defined in claim 3, wherein the temperature in the drying chamber is 180-260 ℃.

5. The high-temperature household garbage reforming and gasifying device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gasification pyrolysis chamber is internally provided with a gasification layer and a pyrolysis layer in sequence from top to bottom;

the heat radiation unit is arranged in the gasification layer, so that organic matters in the garbage are gasified into combustible gas and/or non-combustible gas, and the combustible gas is circularly gasified.

6. The high-temperature household garbage reforming gasification device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the heat radiation unit is an infrared heating system, and the infrared heating system is arranged on the side wall of the gasification pyrolysis chamber.

7. The high-temperature reforming gasification device for household garbage according to claim 5, wherein the temperature of the gasification layer is 500-600 ℃, and the temperature of the pyrolysis layer is 650-800 ℃.

8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein a red carbon layer and an ash layer are sequentially disposed in the ash processing chamber from top to bottom, and a rotary grate is disposed at a junction of the red carbon layer and the ash layer.

9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the temperature of the red carbon layer is 800-900 ℃.

10. The high-temperature household garbage reforming and gasifying device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a secondary combustion chamber, wherein the secondary combustion chamber is communicated with the furnace body and is used for completely combusting gas generated in the furnace body, and the temperature in the secondary combustion chamber is 1100-.