CN213331105U - Composite lining structure of gas tunnel - Google Patents
Composite lining structure of gas tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN213331105U CN213331105U CN202021901775.3U CN202021901775U CN213331105U CN 213331105 U CN213331105 U CN 213331105U CN 202021901775 U CN202021901775 U CN 202021901775U CN 213331105 U CN213331105 U CN 213331105U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a gas tunnel composite lining structure, which relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and comprises a primary support structure layer laid on the surface of surrounding rocks, wherein the primary support structure layer is anchored on the surrounding rocks through anchoring parts, a waterproof layer, a gas adsorption layer, a protective layer and a secondary lining layer are sequentially laid outside the primary support structure layer, and the gas adsorption layer is adhered on the waterproof layer through a binder; the waterproof layer is connected with the anchoring piece through the connecting piece. The gas adsorption layer is used for adsorbing gas overflowing from the primary support structure layer, the gas adsorption layer is pasted on the waterproof layer through a binder, the gas adsorption layer is located between the waterproof layer and the protective layer and cannot be influenced by water vapor between surrounding rocks and a main tunnel of the tunnel, and the adsorption performance and the service life of the gas adsorption layer are favorably maintained; the anchoring piece and the connecting piece can ensure that the inner side and the outer side of the primary support structure layer are firmly combined with the surrounding rock and the waterproof layer; meanwhile, the gas adsorption layer is prevented from being damaged or polluted in the process of constructing the secondary lining layer by means of the protective layer.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a tunnel construction technical field especially relates to a gas tunnel composite lining structure.
Background
With the continuous expansion of the construction scale of high-grade traffic lines, more and more tunnels penetrate through oil-gas basins, coal-series strata and other gas accumulation mountains. Under the influence of actions such as tunnel construction blasting and excavation, gas existing in a rock mass can be continuously transported and released from a rock layer exposed surface such as a tunnel face, the gas accumulated in the tunnel can cause poisoning and suffocation of constructors, and disastrous results such as combustion and explosion can occur after the gas reaches a certain concentration. Therefore, the influence of the gas on the safe construction and operation of the tunnel is increasingly prominent. The gas mainly overflows on the face and an exposed rock face which is not supported near the face, so that the face area is a key monitoring and control area of the gas during tunnel construction. In the construction process, the gas near the tunnel face can be effectively diluted and discharged through strengthening ventilation. Meanwhile, in the design of the gas tunnel, gas sealing and exhausting measures can be designed by combining a lining structure, such as adopting airtight concrete, pre-grouting for gas blockage, adding an airtight material in the lining and the like, and the measures are mainly used for prevention. However, even after the tunnel is secondarily lined, since the surrounding rocks still contain gas, the gas still migrates and overflows along the composite lining structure in the case where the lining concrete is not sufficiently airtight or the airtight material is broken. The gas overflow phenomenon is easily overlooked, and the caused consequences comprise:
(1) when gas accumulates between the primary and secondary linings, the gas burns in a narrow space to explode and destroy the secondary lining. (2) After the gas overflows from the secondary lining, local accumulation may cause poisoning and suffocation of the people staying in the ground. (3) Since the density of the gas is lower than that of the air, the gas is mostly gathered at the top of the tunnel to form a gas accumulation zone along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the gas is easy to cause open fire or explosion spread. (4) When the tunnel adopts a drawing-out type ventilation mode, gas overflowing from the secondary lining can reversely flow to the tunnel face. (5) After the tunnel is run through and put into operation, gas overflows and accumulates and can cause more serious accident disasters. Therefore, how to prevent the gas overflow after the construction of the tunnel lining structure is completed is a key problem of the construction and operation safety of the tunnel.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to solve the technical problem that not enough to above-mentioned prior art provides a gas tunnel composite lining structure, simple structure, construction convenience can initiatively adsorb the gas that spills over in the country rock, effectively prevents and treats the potential danger that the gas spilled over in the tunnel work progress or during the operation.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses the technical scheme who takes is:
a gas tunnel composite lining structure comprises a primary support structure layer laid on the surface of surrounding rock, wherein the primary support structure layer is anchored on the surrounding rock through an anchoring piece, a waterproof layer, a gas adsorption layer, a protective layer and a secondary lining layer are sequentially laid outside the primary support structure layer, and the gas adsorption layer is adhered to the waterproof layer through a binder; the waterproof layer is connected with the anchoring piece through the connecting piece.
Preferably, the gas adsorption layer is a viscose-based activated carbon fiber felt, and the thickness of the gas adsorption layer is 2-5 cm.
Preferably, the viscose substrate of the viscose-based activated carbon fiber felt is epoxy resin foaming glue.
Preferably, the primary support structure layer comprises a primary sprayed concrete layer and a secondary sprayed concrete layer, the anchoring piece comprises an anchor rod and a blind nail, the primary sprayed concrete layer is sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock, and anchor rods for anchoring a rock mass are drilled on the free face of the primary sprayed concrete layer at intervals; the secondary spraying concrete layer is sprayed on the primary spraying concrete layer, and the blind nails are embedded in the secondary spraying concrete layer at intervals.
Preferably, the thickness of the primary sprayed concrete layer is 5-8 cm, and the thickness of the secondary sprayed concrete layer is 25-30 cm.
Preferably, the pitch of the anchor rods is 1000 mm.
Preferably, the waterproof layer is paved on the surface of the compound sprayed concrete layer along the circumferential direction of the tunnel by a waterproof board; the connecting piece is a reserved rope which is fixedly connected with the blind nail; the lap edge parts of two adjacent waterproof boards are welded from the arch part to the two sides by hot air.
Preferably, the binder is a bonding mortar.
Preferably, the protective layer is formed by laying waterproof geotextile.
Preferably, the secondary lining layer is formed by pouring airtight concrete, the thickness of the secondary lining layer is 30-50 cm, and lining reinforcing steel bars are arranged inside the secondary lining layer.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses a spray primary support structure layer, waterproof layer, gas adsorption layer, protective layer and secondary lining layer in proper order on the country rock surface of tunnel inner wall, utilize anchor assembly to anchor primary support structure layer on the country rock, the waterproof layer passes through the connecting piece and links to each other with anchor assembly, ensures that inside and outside primary support structure layer combines firmly with country rock and waterproof layer; meanwhile, the gas adsorption layer is used for adsorbing gas overflowing from the primary support structure layer, the gas adsorption layer is pasted on the waterproof layer through a binder, and the gas adsorption layer is located between the waterproof layer and the protective layer and cannot be influenced by water vapor between surrounding rocks and a main tunnel of the tunnel, so that the adsorption performance and the service life of the gas adsorption layer are favorably maintained; the protective layer is used for preventing the gas adsorption layer from being damaged or polluted in the process of constructing the secondary lining layer. Utilize the utility model discloses can solve the excessive problem of gas after tunnel lining construction is accomplished, add the gas adsorbed layer between primary support structure layer and secondary lining layer and be the way of solving the tunnel disease. The utility model is suitable for a coal measure stratum or oil gas stratum of gas enrichment is particularly useful for tunnel lining and executes the gas tunnel that still has the gas to spill over the risk after accomplishing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite lining structure of a gas tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view taken at A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an internal structure view of the gas adsorption layer of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-surrounding rock; 2-coal-based rock mass; 3-gas; 4-primary support structure layer, 40-anchoring piece, 41-primary spray concrete layer, 42-anchor rod, 43-secondary spray concrete layer and 44-blind nail; 5-waterproof layer, 51-connecting piece; 6-a binder; 7-gas adsorption layer, 71-activated carbon fiber, 72-epoxy resin foaming adhesive; 8-a protective layer; 9-secondary lining layer; 10-main tunnel hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described below clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the utility model provides a gas tunnel composite lining structure, including laying primary support structure layer 4 on the surface of country rock 1, primary support structure layer 4 anchors on country rock 1 through anchor assembly 40, waterproof layer 5, gas adsorption layer 7, protective layer 8 and secondary lining layer 9 are laid in proper order to the outside of primary support structure layer 4, gas adsorption layer 7 pastes on waterproof layer 5 through binder 6; the waterproof layer 5 is connected to the anchor 40 by a connector 51.
As shown in fig. 3, the gas adsorption layer 7 is a viscose-based activated carbon fiber felt, and the thickness of the gas adsorption layer 7 is 2-5 cm. Wherein, the viscose substrate of the viscose-based activated carbon fiber felt is epoxy resin foaming glue 72, and activated carbon fibers 71 can be added into the epoxy resin foaming glue 72. The active carbon fiber has good adsorption performance to adsorb the gas overflowing from the primary support structure layer 4; meanwhile, the epoxy resin foaming adhesive is a high-porosity breathable structure, and is beneficial to full contact between gas and activated carbon fibers. During construction, the thickness of the gas adsorption layer can be determined by the following methods:
(1) determining the maximum potential gas overflow amount of the surrounding rock within a certain thickness range around the tunnel according to the occurrence concentration of the surrounding rock gas and the migration path conditions; (2) determining the quality of the activated carbon corresponding to the maximum gas potential overflow amount of the surrounding rock according to the adsorption ratio of the activated carbon to the gas; (3) and determining the thickness of the gas adsorption layer according to the mass of the activated carbon in unit thickness of the gas adsorption layer.
The primary support structure layer is determined according to the tunnel excavation mode and surrounding rock conditions, and forms of shotcrete, shotcrete anchor rods or shotcrete anchor rods and steel frame combined support and the like can be selected. The embodiment adopts a support mode of shotcrete and anchor rods. As shown in fig. 1, the primary support structure layer 4 comprises a primary concrete layer 41 and a secondary concrete layer 43, the anchoring member 40 comprises an anchor rod 42 and a blind nail 44, the primary concrete layer 4 is sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock 1, and the anchor rods 42 for anchoring the rock mass are drilled at intervals on the free surface of the primary concrete layer 41; the re-sprayed concrete layer 43 is sprayed on the primary sprayed concrete layer 41, the blind nails 44 are embedded in the re-sprayed concrete layer 43 at intervals, the blind nails 44 are arranged in the grooves on the outer surface of the re-sprayed concrete layer 43, and the tops of the blind nails do not protrude out of the outer surface of the re-sprayed concrete layer 43, so that the waterproof layer can be prevented from being scratched while the waterproof layer is fixed.
During specific construction, the thickness of the primary sprayed concrete layer 41 is 5-8 cm, and the thickness of the secondary sprayed concrete layer 43 is 25-30 cm; the pitch of the anchor rods 42 is 1000 mm. Of course, the construction data can be adjusted according to actual conditions.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the waterproof layer 5 is laid on the surface of the re-sprayed concrete layer 43 by a waterproof board along the circumferential direction of the tunnel; the connecting piece 51 is a reserved rope which is fixedly connected with the blind nails 44; the lap parts of two adjacent waterproof boards 5 are welded from the arch part to the two sides by hot air, namely the lap parts of the waterproof boards are bonded by adopting electric heating welding. The waterproof board can be a waterproof thin plate made of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene or vinyl acetate, and the reserved rope on the waterproof thin plate is fastened with the blind nail on the outer surface of the primary support structure layer, so that the waterproof layer is fixed firmly.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the adhesive 6 is adhesive mortar, and the gas absorption layer and the waterproof layer are adhered and fixed by the adhesive mortar.
During specific construction, the protective layer 8 is formed by laying waterproof geotextile, and the waterproof geotextile can prevent reinforcing steel bars in the secondary lining layer from scraping the gas adsorption layer or preventing the secondary lining layer from being soaked in polluted active carbon during pouring. The secondary lining layer 9 is formed by pouring airtight concrete, the thickness of the secondary lining layer 9 is 30-50 cm, and lining reinforcing steel bars are arranged inside the secondary lining layer 9.
The utility model discloses a concrete construction steps as follows:
(1) and excavating the surrounding rock mass by adopting a drilling and blasting method and other construction methods.
(2) And (5) inspecting the excavation size. After blasting or excavating the tunnel, measuring the center line and the level of the main tunnel 10 of the tunnel, and checking the size of the excavated section.
(3) Constructing a primary support structure layer. Firstly, removing pumice, immediately applying a primary spraying concrete layer 41 for controlling the stress release and deformation of the surrounding rock 1 and ensuring the construction safety, spraying C25 concrete with the thickness of 5-8 cm, and sealing the rock stratum.
(4) And drilling an anchor rod. And anchor rods 42 are drilled on the free face of the primary sprayed concrete layer 41 at a certain interval of 1000mm to 1000mm, so that the function of anchoring the surrounding rock mass is achieved.
(6) And applying a re-spraying concrete layer. After the anchor rod 42 is installed, C25 early strength concrete with the thickness of 25-30 cm is sprayed to form a re-sprayed concrete layer 43, blind nails 44 are reserved in the re-sprayed concrete layer 43 according to a certain distance, after solidification, uneven parts on the outer surface of the re-sprayed concrete layer 43 are leveled and supplemented, the end of the anchor rod with the exposed anchor surface is cleaned, and after the completion, a section profiler is adopted to confirm that the section meets the requirements.
(7) And laying a waterproof layer. The waterproof board 5 is arranged in the tunnel in the circumferential direction, the waterproof board 5 is fixedly connected with the blind nails 44 through the reserved ropes 51 arranged on the waterproof board 5, and the lap positions of the waterproof board are welded from the arch parts to two sides by adopting hot air.
(8) And laying a gas adsorption layer. The gas adsorption layer 7 is formed by splicing viscose-based activated carbon fiber mats, the framework of the gas adsorption layer is a high-porosity breathable epoxy resin foaming adhesive 72 with the thickness of 2-5 cm, a large number of activated carbon fibers 71 are embedded in the epoxy resin foaming adhesive 72, and the gas adsorption layer 7 is attached to the outer surface of the waterproof layer 5 through a bonding mortar layer 6.
(9) And laying an antifouling protective layer. And an antifouling protective layer 8 is adhered to the outside of the gas adsorption layer 7, and the antifouling protective layer 8 is waterproof geotextile.
(10) And pouring a secondary lining layer. According to the measuring condition, after the deformation of the surrounding rock and the primary supporting structure is basically stable, the lining steel bars are installed, and a secondary lining layer with the thickness of 30-50 cm is poured by adopting a secondary lining trolley.
To sum up, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
(1) the tunnel passes through a coal-based stratum or an oil-gas stratum enriched with gas, when the lining structure is constructed and has a microporous structure to cause the gas to overflow a primary supporting structure layer, the gas adsorption layer structure can play a role in absorbing the gas, actively adsorb the gas, reduce the gas overflow amount of a secondary lining layer, and effectively prevent and treat potential danger of gas overflow after tunnel construction or during operation.
(2) Compare traditional tunnel lining structure, the gas adsorbed layer that adds is the epoxy layer of load activated carbon fiber, and activated carbon fiber is high to the adsorption ratio of gas, also has the adsorption efficiency to moisture, has gas adsorption and waterproof function concurrently, and epoxy is porous rate ventilative structure, and is high to the load factor of activated carbon fiber, has solidification, protect function to the activated carbon, and gas adsorption capacity is sufficient, long service life.
(3) The gas adsorption layer is filled between the primary supporting structure and the secondary lining structure by taking micro-gap epoxy resin as a framework structure, can adapt to surrounding rock deformation, and plays an additional function of a tunnel yielding buffer layer.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been explained herein using specific examples, and the above descriptions of the embodiments are only used to help understand the method and its core ideas of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, the present invention can be further modified and modified, and such modifications and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a gas tunnel composite lining structure which characterized in that: the construction method comprises the following steps of paving a primary support structure layer on the surface of surrounding rock, wherein the primary support structure layer is anchored on the surrounding rock through an anchoring piece, a waterproof layer, a gas adsorption layer, a protective layer and a secondary lining layer are sequentially paved outside the primary support structure layer, and the gas adsorption layer is adhered to the waterproof layer through a binder; the waterproof layer is connected with the anchoring piece through the connecting piece.
2. The gas tunnel composite lining structure of claim 1, wherein: the gas adsorption layer is a viscose-based activated carbon fiber felt, and the thickness of the gas adsorption layer is 2-5 cm.
3. The gas tunnel composite lining structure according to claim 2, wherein: the viscose substrate of the viscose-based activated carbon fiber felt is epoxy resin foaming glue.
4. The gas tunnel composite lining structure of claim 1, wherein: the primary support structure layer comprises a primary sprayed concrete layer and a secondary sprayed concrete layer, the anchoring piece comprises an anchor rod and a blind nail, the primary sprayed concrete layer is sprayed on the surface of surrounding rock, and anchor rods for anchoring rock mass are drilled on the free surface of the primary sprayed concrete layer at intervals; the secondary spraying concrete layer is sprayed on the primary spraying concrete layer, and the blind nails are embedded in the secondary spraying concrete layer at intervals.
5. The gas tunnel composite lining structure of claim 4, wherein: the thickness of the primary concrete layer is 5-8 cm, and the thickness of the secondary concrete layer is 25-30 cm.
6. The gas tunnel composite lining structure of claim 5, wherein: the interval of stock is 1000 mm.
7. The gas tunnel composite lining structure of claim 4, wherein: the waterproof layer is paved on the surface of the re-sprayed concrete layer along the circumferential direction of the tunnel by a waterproof board; the connecting piece is a reserved rope which is fixedly connected with the blind nail; the lap edge parts of two adjacent waterproof boards are welded from the arch part to the two sides by hot air.
8. The gas tunnel composite lining structure of claim 1, wherein: the binder is bonding mortar.
9. The gas tunnel composite lining structure of claim 1, wherein: the protective layer is formed by laying waterproof geotextile.
10. The gas tunnel composite lining structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the secondary lining layer is formed by pouring airtight concrete, the thickness of the secondary lining layer is 30-50 cm, and lining reinforcing steel bars are arranged inside the secondary lining layer.
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| CN202021696039 | 2020-08-14 | ||
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112174572A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2021-01-05 | 中铁十六局集团铁运工程有限公司 | Composite material for adsorbing gas overflowing from tunnel face and construction method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112174572A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2021-01-05 | 中铁十六局集团铁运工程有限公司 | Composite material for adsorbing gas overflowing from tunnel face and construction method thereof |
| CN112174572B (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2022-05-27 | 中铁十六局集团铁运工程有限公司 | Composite material for adsorbing gas overflowing from tunnel face and construction method thereof |
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