CN212959712U - Mechanical automatic gear shifting device - Google Patents

Abstract

A mechanical automatic gear shifting device belongs to the field of electric vehicles and comprises a high-speed gear and a low-speed gear, wherein an automatic centrifugal device is arranged between the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear and comprises a spline sleeve, a bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism and a one-way clutch, the bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism comprises an inner bowl and an outer bowl, an inner spiral spline is arranged on the inner periphery of an inner bowl bottom sleeve and is meshed with a flower space sleeve, a high-speed ratchet is arranged on the inner bowl bottom sleeve, a low-speed ratchet is arranged on the edge of the inner bowl, grooves corresponding to the ratchets are respectively arranged on the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear, an annular damping spring with a handle is arranged on the outer periphery of the outer bowl bottom sleeve, an inner ring or an outer ring of the one-way clutch is respectively fixed on the bowl edges of the inner bowl and the outer bowl, a plurality of throwing balls are arranged between a ball cover and the inner bowl, an, the running speed is automatically switched as required.

Description

Mechanical automatic gear shifting device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a speed change gear, in particular to automatic gearshift of mechanical type belongs to the electric motor car field.

Background

Because the electric motor car has big moment of torsion under low-speed running state, under high-speed running state, the characteristics that the moment of torsion is little, at specific operation in-process, can select different functioning speed according to road conditions or load size, for example: when the load is large or climbing, a low-speed running mode can be selected, so that large torque is obtained; the electric tricycle can select a high-speed driving mode under a platform road or a small load, so that the driving time is saved, the electric tricycle can only run on a flat road in the past and start to run in a hilly area or even can run on a mountain road due to different speeds which can meet the requirements of different roads or traction forces, a rapid transportation tool for going out of the mountain area is provided for residents in remote mountain areas, the switching between different speeds is realized until now, generally, a shifting fork is manually moved to change different running grades to obtain different speeds, however, as common people, the electric tricycle is complex to operate, the electric tricycle can be flexibly driven under a skilled condition, for old people and women, the unnecessary driving problems such as misoperation, violence and the like are frequently feared, and the manual gear shifting device has certain operation strangeness, even if the speed is not changed, the speed cannot be applied to a high load or a gradient road without changing the speed, and a problem needs to be overcome by technicians.

In the field of electric vehicle technology, a helical clutch engaging device of application No. 2020211876585 was previously reported, fig. 9 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the helical clutch engaging device, fig. 10 is a schematic view of the side structure of the engaging gear, and fig. 11 is an exploded view of a helical clutch engaging mechanism provided on a shift shaft.

The utility model discloses a spiral separation and reunion engagement device includes power tooth 50, be connected with power transmission mechanism on the power tooth 50, power transmission mechanism and low-speed gear 41 rotate to be connected, low-speed gear 41 circumference slip sets up on shift shaft 54, shift shaft 54 periphery is provided with engage level external splines 51a, the side of low-speed gear 41 is provided with outside annular array hypotenuse recess 44 and a low-speed driving lever 43, outside hypotenuse 45 of outside annular array hypotenuse recess 44 all inclines in the circumference, be provided with spiral clutch mechanism 42 on the shift shaft 54 of low-speed gear 41 side, spiral clutch mechanism 42 has engaged level spline housing 51, engage level spiral spline housing 124, engage level annular damping spring 121 of band handle 121a from shift shaft 54 periphery in proper order, engage level spiral spline housing 124a is provided with engage level ratchet 124a towards low-speed gear 41 one side, engage level ratchet 124a and outside annular array hypotenuse set up relatively and coincide each other, when the low-speed gear 41 rotates, the low-speed shift lever 43 rotates the ring handle 121a, and the shift output teeth 53 are fixedly connected to the shift shaft.

In addition, in the power transmission mechanism, the same means as the screw clutch mechanism 42 may be provided symmetrically on the shift shaft 54 on the opposite side of the low-speed gear 41b with the vertical center of the outer periphery of the low-speed gear 41b as the axis of symmetry, and the same symmetrical engaging ratchet 124a may be used to interlock with the low-speed gear 41b along the shift shaft 54 to achieve the object of the power transmission mechanism.

The inner periphery of the gear engaging spline housing 51 is a gear engaging internal spline 51b, the outer periphery of the spline housing 51 is an external spiral spline housing 127, the gear engaging spiral spline housing 124 is engaged with the outer periphery of the spline housing 51, the inner periphery of the gear engaging spiral spline housing 124 is an internal gear engaging spiral spline 126, the outer periphery is a smooth structure, the outer periphery of the gear engaging spiral spline housing 124 is a gear engaging one-way clutch 56, a gear engaging outer ring 122 of the gear engaging one-way clutch 56 is provided with an annular damping spring groove, a gear engaging annular damping spring 121 with a ring handle 121a is arranged in the gear engaging annular damping spring groove, 125 is a gear engaging ball, and a gear engaging outer ring retaining ring 130 is arranged on the outer side of the gear engaging outer ring 122.

The angle of inclination of the shift ratchet teeth 124a is consistent with the angle of inclination of the outboard hypotenuse 45 of the outboard circular array hypotenuse groove 44, the number of shift ratchet teeth 124a is consistent with the number of outboard circular array hypotenuse grooves 44, and the area of the end of the shift ratchet teeth 124a is less than or equal to the bottom area of the outboard circular array hypotenuse groove 44.

The locking rotation direction between the outer ring 122 and the inner ring 123 of the one-way clutch 46 is the same as the gear rotation direction.

The gear inner ring 123 is fixedly connected to the periphery of the gear helical spline housing 124, so that the gear inner ring 123 and the gear helical spline housing 124 form an integral structure.

In addition, the gear inner ring 123 and the gear spiral spline sleeve 124 can be matched with each other by interference fit, and the bearing inner ring and the shaft are matched together.

The shift rotation direction of the shift helical spline housing 124 is a rotation direction moving toward the low-speed gear 41b, and the shift rotation direction of the shift helical spline housing 124 coincides with the lock rotation direction of the shift one-way clutch 46 and the shift rotation direction of the low-speed gear 41 b.

The structure that the ratchet teeth and the array type annular grooves are meshed together to realize low-speed backward only when the reverse rotation is carried out originally is realized, the structure which is originally in a sliding condition in the forward rotation can be locked between the outer ring and the inner ring of the gear engaging one-way clutch 46 under the forward rotation condition by utilizing the spiral clutch gear engaging device under the action of the outer peripheral gear engaging one-way clutch 46, namely, the gear engaging spiral spline sleeve 124 which cannot rotate originally can be rotated under the forward state, the gear engaging ratchet teeth 124a and the outer annular array bevel edge grooves 44 are meshed together to realize low-speed forward in the forward state, the structure which can only advance on the high-speed gear side originally is changed into the forward direction low-speed forward in the forward rotation of the low-speed gear, and the driving grade of the electric vehicle is widened by utilizing the device.

The other function of the spiral clutch gear engaging device is that when the gear engaging ratchet 124a and the outer annular array bevel edge groove 44 rotate in the non-meshing rotation direction, the gear engaging ratchet and the outer annular array bevel edge groove are in a sliding state, in this state, the low-speed dial rod 43 dials the ring handle 121a, the outer ring and the inner ring of the gear engaging one-way clutch 46 are not locked, and under the action of the outer gear engaging one-way clutch 46, the gear engaging outer ring and the gear engaging outer ring of the whole gear engaging one-way clutch 46 are in a separated state, so that the friction resistance between the radial clamping elastic force of the gear engaging annular damping spring 121 and the gear engaging outer ring 122 can be avoided, the consumed friction resistance under the sliding state can be reduced, and the work efficiency of the motor can be improved.

Previously, a bidirectional two-speed transmission device with application number 202013203306 was applied, which has a complicated structure, and the number of gears reaching the high-speed gear 41a and reaching the low-speed gear 41b from the power teeth 50 is different by 1 gear, so that two shafts and a plurality of gears on the shafts need to be added in the middle, the rotating directions of the high-speed gear 41a and the low-speed gear 41b are opposite, and the switching between the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear can be realized only by changing the rotating direction of the motor, which has the disadvantages of relatively complicated structure and relatively complicated operation.

How to change the motor speed under automatic conditions to realize the switching among a plurality of grades, and how to change the high speed and the low speed in the same rotating direction is a new subject.

Disclosure of Invention

To some old person, women have the actual conditions of certain conflict mood to the operation of shifting, the mechanism is complicated among the prior art, complex operation's problem during switching speed, how through changing motor speed, realize the switching problem between each grade under the state of advancing, the utility model provides an automatic gearshift device of mechanical type, its purpose reduces manual operation procedure, increases the operation grade, selects functioning speed according to road and load, automatic switch-over travel speed in the direction of advancing as required.

The technical scheme of the utility model is that: a mechanical automatic gear shifting device comprises a spiral clutch mechanism, power teeth arranged on an output shaft of a motor, a high-speed gear and a low-speed gear, wherein the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear are rotationally arranged on a gear shifting shaft, a gear shifting output gear is integrally arranged on the gear shifting shaft, a power input shaft is arranged on a line parallel to the gear shifting shaft, the power input shaft is respectively provided with a high-speed input tooth and a low-speed input tooth which are meshed with the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear, any one of the high-speed input tooth or the low-speed input tooth is simultaneously meshed with the power teeth, the inner side end face of the high-speed gear opposite to the low-speed gear is provided with a circumferential inclined annular array arc guide strip, an automatic centrifugal device is arranged on the gear shifting shaft between the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear, the automatic centrifugal device comprises a spline sleeve, a bowl-shaped mechanism and a one-way clutch, the spline sleeve shaft, the periphery of the spline sleeve is provided with an external spiral spline, the bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism comprises an inner bowl and an outer bowl which are overlapped together and provided with a pair of bottom sleeves, the inner periphery of the inner bowl bottom sleeve is provided with an internal spiral spline which is meshed with the inter-flower sleeve, the inner bowl bottom sleeve is provided with a high-speed ratchet towards the side of the high-speed gear, the edge of the inner bowl is axially provided with a reverse ratchet, the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear are respectively provided with a groove corresponding to the ratchet, the periphery of the outer bowl bottom sleeve is provided with an annular damping spring with a handle, the radial position of the handle end of the annular damping spring is larger than the outer diameter of the annular array arc-shaped guide strip, the bowl edges of the inner bowl and the outer bowl are respectively and fixedly provided with an inner ring or an outer ring of a one-way clutch, the inner side of the inner bowl is provided with a bead cover, a plurality of throwing beads are arranged between the bead cover and the inner bowl, the automatic centrifugal, after meshing, the gear shifting shaft on the outer side of the low-speed gear is provided with a spiral clutch mechanism, and a differential input gear is meshed on the gear shifting output gear;

further, the inner sides of the high-speed gear, which are opposite to the low-speed gear, are respectively provided with annular array bevel edge grooves, the annular array bevel edge grooves are matched with high-speed ratchets and reverse gear ratchets arranged on two sides of the automatic centrifugal device, the inclined directions of annular array arc-shaped guide strips arranged on the end surface of the inner side of the high-speed gear are consistent in the circumferential direction, the inclined angles of the high-speed ratchets and the reverse gear ratchets are opposite, the high-speed ratchets are meshed with the annular array bevel edge grooves of the high-speed gear when rotating in the forward direction, the reverse gear ratchets are meshed with the annular array bevel edge grooves of the low-speed gear when rotating in the reverse direction, the outer side of the low-speed gear is;

furthermore, the outer periphery of the shift shaft is a linear external spline, a spline sleeve is matched with the linear external spline, the outer periphery of the spline sleeve is an external helical spline, an internal helical spline matched with the external helical spline is arranged on the inner periphery of the bottom sleeve of the inner bowl and is integrated with the bottom sleeve of the inner bowl, the axial length of the internal helical spline is smaller than that of the bottom sleeve of the inner bowl, a space for arranging an elastic spring is arranged in the bottom sleeve of the inner bowl, and a step is arranged between the space of the elastic spring and the internal helical spline;

further, the circumferential distance between the annular array arc-shaped guide strips is more than or equal to the diameter of a handle part of a damping spring with a handle arranged in the automatic centrifugal device, and the circumferential inclination directions of the annular array arc-shaped guide strips are consistent;

further, the annular diameter of the annular array bevel edge groove on the inner side of the high-speed gear is smaller than that of the annular array bevel edge groove on the inner side of the low-speed gear;

further, an axial elastic spring is arranged between the high-speed gear and an inner step of an inner bowl bottom sleeve of the automatic centrifugal device, an annular damping spring is arranged on the periphery of the outer bowl bottom sleeve, and the outer diameter of the annular damping spring is smaller than the inner diameter of the annular array arc-shaped guide strip;

furthermore, an outer annular array bevel edge groove corresponding to the ratchet on the spiral clutch mechanism is arranged on the outer side of the low-speed gear, the spiral clutch mechanism is arranged on a shift shaft on the outer side of the low-speed gear through a spline, and the inclination direction of the outer bevel edge of the outer annular array bevel edge groove is consistent with the inclination direction of the bevel edge of the high-speed tooth groove of the annular array bevel edge groove on the high-speed gear and is in rotating engagement in the advancing direction;

furthermore, the diameter of a ring formed by the reverse gear ratchet is larger than that of a ring formed by the high-speed ratchet, the ring formed by the reverse gear ratchet is fixed in the axial direction of the inner side of the inner bowl, the diameter of the ring of the reverse gear ratchet is smaller than that of the inner ring of the one-way clutch, and the bead cover is arranged on the inner periphery of the reverse gear ratchet.

The utility model discloses the positive effect who has is: the power input shaft is arranged on a parallel line with the gear shifting shaft, the power input shaft is respectively provided with the high-speed input teeth and the low-speed input teeth which are meshed with the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear, the inclined directions of the annular array bevel edge grooves arranged on the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear are opposite, and the high-speed ratchet and the reverse gear ratchet are also opposite, so that the forward meshing of the high-speed gear and the high-speed ratchet and the reverse meshing of the low-speed gear and the reverse gear ratchet can be ensured, the high-speed rotation in the forward direction and the low-speed rotation in the reverse direction are realized, and the forward and the backward movement of a vehicle are realized; the annular array arc-shaped guide strips which are inclined in the circumferential direction are arranged on the end face of the inner side of the high-speed gear opposite to the low-speed gear, so that when the low-speed gear rotates in the advancing direction at a low speed, the annular array arc-shaped guide strips guide the handle parts of the annular damping springs arranged on the periphery of the outer bowl bottom sleeve to enter into the interval of the arc-shaped guide strips in the circumferential direction along the circumferential inclined edge of the annular array arc-shaped guide strips, a motor is driven by a spiral spline in an automatic centrifugal device, a high-speed ratchet enters into an annular array inclined edge groove arranged on the inner side of the high-speed gear, and the high-speed rotation in the advancing direction and the low-speed; the speed change of the motor can be utilized by arranging the automatic centrifugal device between the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear, so that the centrifugal force generated by the change of the speed of the centrifugal bead in the bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism moves along the radial direction, namely: when the ball throwing machine advances at a high speed, the ball throwing machine throws balls to one side of the bowl edge of the inner bowl, because the gap between the ball cover and the inner bowl is that the axle center is wide and the bowl edge side is narrow, and the bowl edge side is smaller than the diameter of the ball throwing machine, the ball throwing machine can extrude the inner bowl and the outer bowl to one side of the high-speed gear, so that the inner bowl drives the outer bowl and the bottom sleeve thereof to move to one side of the high-speed gear along the axial direction, so that the bottom sleeve of the outer bowl and the annular damping spring arranged on the periphery thereof rotate along the circumferential direction, meanwhile, the handle part of the annular damping spring gradually moves along the inclined edge of the annular array arc guide strip in the rotation and slides to the interval of the arc guide strip in the circumferential direction, and simultaneously, the impact can not be brought due to the reverse action of the elastic spring, under the condition, when the advancing direction of the motor eye rotates, the automatic centrifugal device is driven by the helical spline, because the one-way clutch is locked between the inner ring and the outer ring under the rotation of the forward direction, and simultaneously the inner bowl is driven by the high-speed ratchet, the spiral spline housing, the gear shifting shaft and the gear shifting output teeth are driven to synchronously rotate under the locking state, namely the synchronous forward high-speed rotation is realized.

When the high-speed gear rotates, the power input shaft is respectively provided with the high-speed input teeth and the low-speed input teeth which are meshed with the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear, the low-speed gear also rotates at the moment, but the rotating speed is relatively lagged when the low-speed gear rotates relative to the high-speed gear, the low-speed gear rotates backwards relative to the high-speed gear, and although a low-speed deflector rod arranged outside the low-speed gear is contacted with the ring handle, the engaging outer ring and the engaging inner ring of the spiral clutch mechanism cannot be locked under the high-speed state, and the two are in a free separation state.

On the contrary, when the speed is reduced, the throwing bead rolls to the axial center side along the inner bowl, and in this case, the switching is switched to low-speed advance, and the high-speed switching task is completed.

When reverse gear is required, the reverse gear is implemented by stopping the transmission from a low speed and switching the reverse direction of the rotation of the motor.

When the motor is changed into reverse rotation, the bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism and the automatic centrifugal device including the one-way clutch are moved to one side of the low-speed gear by using the splines and the spiral splines, and the side surface of the low-speed gear is meshed with the reverse gear ratchet to implement low-speed reverse rotation.

If no spiral clutch mechanism is arranged on the outer side of the low-speed gear, the low-speed gear can only drive the reverse gear ratchet to implement low-speed rotation when the reverse rotation is carried out, and the forward low-speed rotation cannot be realized.

When the motor rotates at a low speed, the low-speed dial rod on the outer side of the low-speed gear is used for dialing the engaging outer ring of the engaging one-way clutch arranged on the spiral clutch mechanism, so that the locking of the engaging one-way clutch is realized, the low-speed gear is driven by the engaging ratchet to drive the spiral flower chamber and the spline inside the spiral clutch mechanism through the engaging one-way clutch, the power is transmitted to the gear shifting shaft, and the power is output from the gear shifting output gear to realize the low-speed rotation under the forward rotation condition.

From the above, it can be seen that low-speed and high-speed rotation can be realized during forward rotation, low-speed reverse can be realized during reverse rotation, and automatic switching between high and low speeds can be realized by using the bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism during switching between high speed and low speed.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a bowl-shaped centrifuge mechanism in an automatic centrifuge device.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a bowl-shaped centrifuge mechanism in the automatic centrifuge device.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an automatic centrifuge.

FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the first embodiment of the automatic centrifuge.

FIG. 7 is a second exploded view of the automatic centrifuge.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a one-way clutch arrangement between an inner bowl and an outer bowl.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the helical clutch engaging device.

Fig. 10 is an outer side view of the shift gear.

Fig. 11 is an exploded view of a screw clutch mechanism provided on the shift shaft.

Description of reference numerals: annular array arc guide strip 11, space 11a, annular damping spring 12, handle 12a, elastic spring 13, outer bowl 14, outer ring 15, external thread spline 16, inner bowl 17, inner ring 18, bead cover 19, flinger 20, low-speed gear annular array bevel groove 21, low-speed gear groove bevel 22, high-speed gear annular array bevel groove 23, high-speed gear groove bevel 24, high-speed ratchet 25, reverse ratchet 26, external spline 27, step 28, notch 29, clutch bead 30, clutch spring 31, outer bowl bottom sleeve 32, inner bowl bottom sleeve 33, power input shaft 40, high-speed input tooth 40a, low-speed input tooth 40b, high-speed gear 41a, low-speed gear 41b, spiral clutch 42, low-speed deflector 43, outer annular array bevel groove 44, outer bevel 45, transition shaft 47, transition gear 48, power tooth 50, gear spline sleeve 51, gear outer gear 51a, gear 51b, and gear shift gear outer gear 51a, The gear shifting device comprises a gear shifting internal spline 51b, gear shifting output teeth 53, a gear shifting shaft 54, differential input teeth 55, a gear shifting annular damping spring 121, a ring handle 121a, a gear shifting outer ring 122, a gear shifting inner ring 123, a gear shifting spiral spline sleeve 124, a gear shifting ratchet 124a, a gear shifting ball 125, an internal gear shifting spiral spline 126, an external gear spiral spline 127 and a gear shifting outer ring gear 130.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in this description, the high speed and the low speed are understood as the switching of the forward direction, the high speed and the low speed, the automatic switching of the motor speed can be adjusted by a hall switch, etc., the motor rotation direction can be switched to implement the low speed reverse when the reverse is performed, and the switching of the forward and the reverse can be switched by the motor rotation direction.

The technical scheme of the utility model is an automatic gearshift device of mechanical type, figure 1 is the utility model discloses an overall structure schematic diagram one, figure 2 are the utility model discloses an overall structure schematic diagram two, figure 3 are bowl form centrifugal mechanism section view one in the automatic centrifugal device, figure 4 is bowl form centrifugal mechanism section view two in the automatic centrifugal device.

The automatic gear shifting device comprises a spiral clutch mechanism 42, a power gear 50 arranged on an output shaft of a motor, a high-speed gear 41a and a low-speed gear 41b, wherein the high-speed gear 41a and the low-speed gear 41b are arranged on a gear shifting shaft 54 in a smooth rotating manner, a gear shifting output gear 53 is integrally arranged on the gear shifting shaft 54, a power input shaft 40 is arranged on a line parallel to the gear shifting shaft 54, the power input shaft 40 is respectively provided with a high-speed input gear 40a and a low-speed input gear 40b which are meshed with the high-speed gear 41a and the low-speed gear 41b, any one of the high-speed input gear 40a and the low-speed input gear 40b is simultaneously meshed with the power gear 50, an annular array arc guide strip 11 which is inclined along the circumferential direction is arranged on the inner side surface of the high-speed gear 41a opposite to the low-speed gear 41b, and an automatic centrifugal device is arranged on the gear shifting shaft 54 between the high, the automatic centrifugal device comprises a flower space sleeve, a bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism and a one-way clutch, the bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism comprises an inner bowl 17 and an outer bowl 14 which are overlapped together and provided with a pair of bottom sleeves, an inner spiral spline is arranged on the inner periphery of the inner bowl bottom sleeve 33, a high-speed ratchet 25 is arranged on the inner bowl bottom sleeve 33 facing to a high-speed gear 41a side, a reverse gear ratchet 26 is arranged on the bowl edge of the inner bowl 17 facing to a low-speed gear 41b in the axial direction, corresponding grooves are respectively arranged on the high-speed gear 41a and the low-speed gear 41b, an annular damping spring 12 with a handle is arranged on the outer periphery of the outer bowl bottom sleeve 32, the radial position of the handle end of the annular damping spring 12 is larger than the outer diameter of the annular array arc-shaped guide strip 11, an inner ring 18 or an outer ring 15 of the one-way clutch is respectively fixed on the bowl edge of the inner bowl 17 and the outer bowl 14 facing to the low-speed gear 41b side in the axial direction, a, the automatic centrifugal device moves the high-speed ratchet 25 and the reverse ratchet 26 in the axial direction, and after moving, the teeth are engaged with the side grooves of the high-speed gear 41a or the grooves of the low-speed gear 41b, and after engaging, the teeth rotate in the forward or reverse direction, respectively, a screw clutch mechanism 42 is provided on the shift shaft outside the low-speed gear 41b, and a differential input gear 55 is engaged with a shift output gear 53.

In the present embodiment, the forward direction is set to two speeds, high and low, and the reverse direction is set to only one reverse gear.

The high-speed gear 41a and the low-speed gear 41b need to transmit power to a shift shaft 54, finally to a shift output tooth 53, and then to a differential, and half shafts at both ends of the differential drive wheels to rotate.

The rotation of the wheels at different speeds is achieved from the high-speed gear 41a or the low-speed gear 41b through an automatic centrifugal device provided in the middle.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an automatic centrifuge. The one-way clutch comprises an outer ring 15 connected to one side, facing the low-speed gear 41b, of the outer bowl 14 and an inner ring 18 connected to one side, facing the low-speed gear 41b, of the inner bowl 17, a plurality of triangular notches 29 are formed in the inner ring 18, clutch balls 30 are arranged in the notches 29, clutch springs 31 are arranged behind the clutch balls 30, the inner ring 18 and the outer ring 15 are in a locked state when the one-way clutch rotates in the forward direction, the inner ring 18 and the outer ring 15 rotate simultaneously, the inner ring 18 and the outer ring 15 are in a separated state when the one-way clutch rotates in the reverse direction, and the inner ring 18 and the outer ring 15 cannot be.

The high-speed gear 41a and the low-speed gear 41b are provided with a high-speed ring array bevel groove 23 and a low-speed ring array bevel groove 21 on opposite inner sides respectively, the high-speed ring array bevel groove 23 and the low-speed ring array bevel groove 21 are matched with a high-speed ratchet 25 and a reverse ratchet 26 arranged on two sides of the automatic centrifugal device respectively, the inclined directions of a plurality of ring array arc guide strips 11 arranged on the inner side end surface of the high-speed gear 41a are consistent in the circumferential direction, the inclined directions of the plurality of ring array arc guide strips 11 in the circumferential direction from high to low are the same with the rotating direction of the high-speed gear 41a in the advancing process, the inclined angles of the high-speed ratchet 25 and the reverse ratchet 26 in the circumferential direction are opposite, the high-speed ratchet 25 is engaged with the high-speed ring array bevel groove 21 in the advancing process, the low-speed ratchet 26 is engaged with the high-speed ring array bevel groove 23 in, the outer side inclination angle of the high-speed ratchet 25 is consistent with the angle of the bevel edge 24 of the groove of the high-speed teeth; the reverse gear ratchet 26 is meshed with the low-speed gear annular array bevel edge groove 21 when reversing, the inclination angle of the outer side of the reverse gear ratchet 26 is consistent with the inclination angle of the high-speed gear groove bevel edge 22 in the circumferential direction, the low-speed dial rod 43 and the outer side annular array bevel edge groove 44 are arranged on the outer side of the low-speed gear 41b, the low-speed gear 41b is linked with the spiral clutch mechanism 42 through the low-speed dial rod 43 and the outer side annular array bevel edge groove 44, and low-speed forward rotation can be achieved.

FIG. 6 is a first exploded view of the automatic centrifuge. FIG. 7 is a second exploded view of the automatic centrifuge. FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a one-way clutch arrangement between an inner bowl and an outer bowl. The shift shaft 54 is provided with a spline housing through an external spline 27 arranged on the outer periphery, the inner periphery of the spline housing is a linear type internal spline, the outer periphery of the shift shaft is engaged with an internal helical spline through an external helical spline 16 arranged on the outer periphery, the internal helical spline is integrally arranged on the inner periphery of the inner bowl bottom sleeve 33, the axial length of the helical internal spline is smaller than that of the inner bowl bottom sleeve 33, a step 28 is arranged between the inner bowl bottom sleeve 33 and the helical internal spline, one end of the elastic spring 13 is arranged on the step 28 of the inner bowl bottom sleeve 33, and the other end of the elastic spring 13 is axially contacted with the high-speed gear.

The circumferential distance 11a between the annular array arc-shaped guide strips 11 is larger than or equal to the diameter of a handle part 12a of a damping spring with a handle arranged in the automatic centrifugal device, and the inclination directions of the plurality of annular array arc-shaped guide strips 11 in the circumferential direction are consistent.

The annular diameter of the high-speed-tooth annular-array bevel groove 23 inside the high-speed gear 41a is smaller than the annular diameter of the low-speed-tooth annular-array bevel groove 21 inside the low-speed gear 41 b.

An axial elastic spring 13 is arranged between the high-speed gear 41a and the step 28 in the bowl bottom sleeve 33 in the automatic centrifugal device, an annular damping spring 12 is arranged on the periphery of the outer bowl bottom sleeve 32, and the outer diameter of the annular damping spring 12 is smaller than the inner diameter of the annular array arc-shaped guide strip 11.

An outer annular array bevel edge groove 44 corresponding to a ratchet on the spiral clutch mechanism is arranged on the outer side of the low-speed gear 41b, the spiral clutch mechanism 42 is arranged on a shift shaft 54 on the outer side of the low-speed gear 41b through a spline, and the inclination direction of an outer bevel edge 45 of the outer annular array bevel edge groove 44 is consistent with the inclination direction of a high-speed tooth groove bevel edge 24 of a high-speed tooth annular array bevel edge groove 23 on the high-speed gear 41a in the circumferential direction and can be meshed during forward rotation.

In the automatic centrifugal device, the shift shaft 54 is provided with a linear external spline 27, the linear external spline 27 is provided with an inter-spline housing, the inner periphery of the inter-spline housing is a linear internal spline, the outer periphery of the spline housing is provided with an external helical spline 16, the external helical spline 16 is engaged with an internal helical spline arranged on the inner periphery of the internal bowl bottom housing 33, the internal helical spline and the internal bowl bottom housing 33 are of an integral structure, but one part of the internal bowl bottom housing 33 is the internal helical spline, the other part is used for arranging a space at one end of the elastic spring 13, a step 28 is arranged between the space of the elastic spring 13 and the internal helical spline, and the inner diameter of the space is larger than the inner diameter of the internal helical spline.

The diameter of a ring formed by the reverse gear ratchet 26 is larger than that of a ring formed by the high speed ratchet 25, the ring formed by the reverse gear ratchet 26 is fixed in the axial direction of the inner side of the inner bowl 17 facing the low speed gear 41b, the diameter of the ring formed by the reverse gear ratchet 26 is smaller than that of the inner ring 18 of the one-way clutch, the bead cover 19 is arranged on the inner periphery of the reverse gear ratchet 26, and the diameter of the ring formed by the reverse gear ratchet 26 is smaller than that of the inner ring 18.

In the utility model, the power teeth 50 are engaged on the high-speed input teeth 40a, the high-speed input teeth 40a are engaged with the high-speed gear 40a, the high-speed input teeth 40a are fixedly connected on the power input shaft 40, the power input shaft 40 is fixed with the low-speed input teeth 40b, the low-speed input teeth 40b are engaged with the low-speed gear 41b, the opposite sides of the high-speed gear 41a and the low-speed gear 41b are provided with the high-speed annular array bevel edge groove 23 and the low-speed annular array bevel edge groove 21, the high-speed annular array bevel edge groove 23 and the high-speed ratchet 25 are engaged with each other when moving forward, the low-speed annular array bevel edge groove 21 and the reverse ratchet gear 26 are engaged with each other when moving backward, and the high-speed annular array bevel edge 24 of the high-speed annular array bevel edge groove 23 arranged on the high-speed gear 41a and the low-speed gear bevel edge 22 of the low-speed annular array bevel edge groove 21 arranged on the low-speed gear 41b are inclined in, the circumferential inclination angles of the high-speed ratchet 25 and the reverse ratchet 26 are also opposite, so that the mutual meshing between the high-speed gear 41a and the low-speed gear 41b and the high-speed ratchet 25 and the reverse ratchet 26 in the forward direction and the reverse direction can be ensured, high-speed rotation in the forward direction and low-speed rotation in the reverse direction can be realized, and the forward and reverse of the vehicle can be realized; the annular array arc-shaped guide strips 11 which are inclined in the circumferential direction are arranged on the end face of the inner side of the high-speed gear 41a opposite to the low-speed gear 41b, so that when the speed change device rotates in the advancing direction, the annular array arc-shaped guide strips 11 guide the handle part 12a of the annular damping spring 12 arranged on the periphery of the outer bowl bottom sleeve 32 to enter the interval 11a of the arc-shaped guide strips in the circumferential direction along the circumferential inclined edge, and the speed change device is favorable for enabling the high-speed ratchet teeth 25 to enter the high-speed tooth annular array inclined edge groove 23 arranged on the inner side of the high-speed gear 41a under the driving of the spiral spline in the automatic centrifugal device when rotating in the advancing direction, so that the high-speed rotation; the centrifugal force generated by the centrifugal bead 20 in the bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism through the speed change of the motor can be moved along the radial direction by arranging the automatic centrifugal device between the high-speed gear 41a and the low-speed gear 41b, when the speed is high, the centrifugal bead 20 is thrown to one side of the bowl edge of the inner bowl 17, because the gap between the bead cover 19 and the inner bowl 17 is the axle center wide and the bowl edge side is narrow, and the gap of the bowl edge side is smaller than the diameter of the centrifugal bead 20, the centrifugal bead 20 can extrude the inner bowl 17 and the outer bowl 14 to one side of the high-speed gear 41a, so that the inner bowl 17 drives the outer bowl 14 and the bottom sleeve thereof to move to one side of the high-speed gear 41a along the axial direction, the outer bowl bottom sleeve 32 and the annular damping spring 12 arranged on the outer periphery thereof rotate along the spiral spline, meanwhile, the handle part 12a of the annular damping spring 12 gradually moves along the inclined edge of the annular array arc guide strip 11 in the rotation and slides, because the compression elastic spring 13 is arranged, the movement does not bring impact, at the moment, because the rotation is in the advancing direction, the high-speed ratchet 25 of the automatic centrifugal device is driven by the spiral spline to move to one side of the high-speed gear 41a, the high-speed gear 41a and the high-speed ratchet 25 are meshed to rotate together in the advancing state, because the one-way clutch is locked between the inner ring 18 and the outer ring 15 under the advancing rotation, the inner bowl 17 is driven by the high-speed ratchet 25, and the spiral spline sleeve, the gear shifting shaft 54 and the gear shifting output teeth 53 are sequentially driven to synchronously rotate in the locking state, namely, the synchronous high-speed advancing rotation is realized, and the high-speed switching task is completed.

At the time of high-speed gear rotation, since the high-speed input teeth 40a and the low-speed input teeth 40b that mesh with the high-speed gear 41a and the low-speed gear 41b are provided on the power input shaft 40, the low-speed gear 41b also rotates at this time, but the rotational speed is relatively delayed when the low-speed gear 41b rotates with respect to the high-speed gear 41a, and the low-speed gear 41b rotates backward with respect to the high-speed gear 41a, and although the low-speed lever 43 provided outside the low-speed gear 41b contacts the ring holder 121a, in the high-speed state, the engagement outer ring 122 and the engagement inner ring 123 of the screw clutch mechanism are not locked, and both are in a freely disengaged state.

Conversely, when the speed is reduced, the slinger 20 rolls along the inner bowl 17 toward the axial center side.

When the motor is switched to reverse rotation after the low-speed rotation is stopped, the automatic centrifugal device including the bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism and the one-way clutch is moved to the low-speed gear 41b side by using the spline and the helical spline, and the low-speed gear ring-shaped whole row of the bevel-edge grooves 21 arranged on the side surface of the low-speed gear 41b is engaged with the reverse gear ratchet 26, so that the rotation under the low-speed reverse condition is implemented.

If the helical clutch mechanism 42 is not provided on the outer side of the low-speed gear 41b, the low-speed gear 41b can only drive the reverse ratchet 26 to perform the low-speed reverse rotation at the time of the reverse rotation, and the low-speed rotation in the forward direction cannot be performed, as described in the background art, when the screw clutch mechanism 42 is provided, the reverse ratchet 26 is located on the side of the low gear 41b, and as long as the motor is rotated in the forward direction, the low-speed poking rod 43 at the outer side of the low-speed gear 41b pokes the gear engaging outer ring 15 of the gear engaging one-way clutch arranged on the spiral clutch mechanism 42 to realize the locking of the gear engaging one-way clutch, therefore, the low-speed gear 41b is driven by the engaging ratchet to drive the engaging spiral spline and the engaging spline inside the spiral clutch mechanism 42 through the engaging one-way clutch, and the power is transmitted to the shift shaft 54, and the power is output from the shift output gear 53, so that the low-speed rotation in the forward direction rotation is realized.

From the above, it can be seen that low-speed and high-speed rotation can be realized in forward rotation, low-speed reverse rotation can be realized in reverse rotation, automatic switching between high and low speeds can be realized by using a bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism in the switching process between high speed and low speed, and switching between forward gear and reverse gear can be realized by switching the motor direction.

Compared with the prior patent application with the application number of 202013203306, the structure is simplified, the complicated operation of forward and reverse switching between a high-speed gear and a low-speed gear in the advancing direction is reduced, and the mutual switching between the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear in the advancing direction can be carried out in the same rotating direction, therefore, in the application, the inclined directions of the high-speed tooth groove inclined edge 24 and the high-speed ratchet 25 arranged on the end surface of the high-speed gear 41a, the inclined directions of the low-speed tooth groove inclined edge 24 and the reverse ratchet 26 arranged on the end surface of the low-speed gear 41b, the locking direction of the middle one-way clutch and the rotating direction of the spline sleeve are all opposite to the direction in 202013203306.

In addition, the outer inclined edge 45 of the outer end of the low-speed gear, the locking direction of the gear outer ring 122 and the gear inner ring 123, the rotating direction of the gear engaging spiral spline sleeve 124, the inclined direction of the gear engaging ratchet 124a and the gap of the gear engaging ratchet are all opposite to the directions in the background art and 202013203306.

Although the centrifugal device described in this embodiment uses a slinger, according to this principle, it is also possible to use a slinger, a slinger column, or the like to achieve the above-described operation, and finally achieve the interlocking between the high-speed ratchet and the high-speed gear and the interlocking between the reverse ratchet and the low-speed gear.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides an automatic gearshift of mechanical type, includes the power tooth, high-speed gear and the low-speed gear that set up on spiral clutching mechanism, the motor output shaft, its characterized in that: the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear are rotationally arranged on a gear shifting shaft, a gear shifting output gear is integrally arranged on the gear shifting shaft, a power input shaft is arranged on a line parallel to the gear shifting shaft, the power input shaft is respectively provided with a high-speed input tooth and a low-speed input tooth which are meshed with the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear, any one of the high-speed input tooth or the low-speed input tooth is simultaneously meshed with the power tooth, the inner side surface of the high-speed gear opposite to the low-speed gear is provided with a circumferential inclined annular array arc guide strip, an automatic centrifugal device is arranged on the gear shifting shaft between the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear and comprises a spline sleeve, a bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism and a one-way clutch, the spline sleeve shaft is arranged on the gear shifting shaft, the periphery of the spline sleeve is provided with an external spiral spline, the bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism comprises an inner bowl and an outer bowl which are, the inner periphery of the inner bowl bottom sleeve is provided with an inner spiral spline which is meshed on the inter-flower sleeve, the inner bowl bottom sleeve is provided with a high-speed ratchet towards the high-speed gear side, the axial direction of the edge of the inner bowl is provided with a reverse gear ratchet, the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear are respectively provided with a groove corresponding to the ratchet, the outer periphery of the outer bowl bottom sleeve is provided with an annular damping spring with a handle, the radial position of the handle end of the annular damping spring is larger than the outer diameter of the annular array arc guide strip, the axial directions of the bowl edges of the inner bowl and the outer bowl are respectively fixed with an inner ring or an outer ring of a one-way clutch, the inner side of the inner bowl is provided with a bead cover, a plurality of throwing beads are arranged between the bead cover and the inner bowl, an automatic centrifugal device enables the high-speed ratchet and the reverse gear to axially move and respectively meshed with a high-speed gear side groove or a low-speed gear side groove after moving, the gear shifting output gear is meshed with a differential input gear.

2. A mechanical automatic shifting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear are provided with annular array bevel edge grooves on opposite inner sides respectively, the annular array bevel edge grooves are matched with high-speed ratchets and reverse gear ratchets arranged on two sides of an automatic centrifugal device, the inclined directions of annular array arc guide strips arranged on the end surface of the inner side of the high-speed gear are consistent in the circumferential direction, the inclined angles of the high-speed ratchets and the reverse gear ratchets are opposite, the high-speed ratchets are meshed with the forward direction of the annular array bevel edge grooves of the high-speed gear when rotating, the reverse gear ratchets are meshed with the reverse direction of the annular array bevel edge grooves of the low-speed gear when rotating, the outer side of the low-speed gear is provided with a low-speed.

3. A mechanical automatic shifting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer periphery of the gear shifting shaft is a linear external spline, a spline sleeve is matched with the linear external spline, the outer periphery of the spline sleeve is an external helical spline, an internal helical spline matched with the external helical spline is arranged on the inner periphery of a bottom sleeve of the inner bowl and is integrated with the bottom sleeve of the inner bowl, the axial length of the internal helical spline is smaller than that of the bottom sleeve of the inner bowl, a space for arranging an elastic spring is arranged in the bottom sleeve of the inner bowl, and a step is arranged between the space for the elastic spring and the internal helical internal spline.

4. A mechanical automatic shifting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the circumferential distance between the annular array arc-shaped guide strips is larger than or equal to the diameter of a handle part of a damping spring with a handle arranged in the automatic centrifugal device, and the circumferential inclination directions of the annular array arc-shaped guide strips are consistent.

5. A mechanical automatic shifting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the annular diameter of the annular array bevel edge groove on the inner side of the high-speed gear is smaller than that of the annular array bevel edge groove on the inner side of the low-speed gear.

6. A mechanical automatic shifting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: an axial elastic spring is arranged between the high-speed gear and the inner step of the inner bowl bottom sleeve of the automatic centrifugal device, an annular damping spring is arranged on the periphery of the outer bowl bottom sleeve, and the outer diameter of the annular damping spring is smaller than the inner diameter of the annular array arc-shaped guide strip.

7. A mechanical automatic shifting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer side of the low-speed gear is provided with an outer annular array bevel edge groove corresponding to a ratchet on the spiral clutch mechanism, the spiral clutch mechanism is arranged on a shift shaft on the outer side of the low-speed gear through a spline, and the inclined direction of the outer side bevel edge of the outer annular array bevel edge groove is in rotating engagement with the inclined direction of the bevel edge of the high-speed tooth groove of the annular array bevel edge groove on the high-speed gear in the same direction, namely the advancing direction.

8. A mechanical automatic shifting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of a ring formed by the reverse gear ratchet is larger than that of a ring formed by the high-speed ratchet, the ring formed by the reverse gear ratchet is fixed in the axial direction of the inner side of the inner bowl, the diameter of the ring of the reverse gear ratchet is smaller than that of the inner ring of the one-way clutch, and the bead cover is arranged on the inner periphery of the reverse gear ratchet.

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