CN212744095U

CN212744095U - Turbine apparatus and system

Info

Publication number: CN212744095U
Application number: CN202020495005.7U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨洪兴; 杜继芸; 娄承芝; 沈志成
Original assignee: Xinhe Creative R & D Co ltd
Current assignee: Xinhe Creative R & D Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-04-10
Filing date: 2020-04-08
Publication date: 2021-03-19
Anticipated expiration: 2030-04-08
Also published as: CN111810258A; SG10202002958SA

Abstract

A turbine apparatus and system are provided. The turbine assembly includes a turbine and a transmission assembly. The turbine includes a housing including a volute configured to direct a fluid flow path through a rotating wheel disposed therein for rotating a first rotatable shaft coupled thereto relative to the housing. The transmission assembly is engaged with the housing. The transmission assembly includes a first rotatable member disposed therein that is magnetically coupled at one end to the first rotatable shaft and at another end to a power generation system. The fluid flow path in the turbine is excluded from the drive assembly by the housing. The turbine system includes the turbine device and a power generation system for generating electrical power from the fluid flow.

Description

Turbine apparatus and system

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to a turbine arrangement and a turbine system for generating electrical power from a fluid flow.

Background

With rapid urbanization and population growth, high-rise residential buildings have become a common home for many people in large cities around the world.

Providing basic services such as electricity and water to residential buildings poses significant engineering problems compared to detached houses of the previous years.

In dense urban environments, water treatment stations and pumping stations may be located at remote locations. Therefore, the pressure in the municipal fresh water supply lines needs to be very high in order to ensure a continuous water supply throughout the urban area. For example, fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a typical water distribution system 10 for a residential building having a roof tank. In this system, fresh water from the municipal main 12 is stored in the break tank 16 before being supplied to the building 11.

A pressure relief valve 14 as shown in fig. 1 is typically used in systems to reduce the pressure in the municipal main 12 because the water pressure in the municipal main is typically relatively high, which can lead to water leaks or damage to water pipes and appliances, such as the shut off tank 16.

However, the pressure in the fresh water supply line from the break tank 16 may not be high enough to supply water to high-rise users of high-rise residential buildings. Thus, a water pump in or near such high-rise residential buildings provides water to a tank located on the roof of the high-rise building. In the example of fig. 1, water is then supplied by a pump 18 to a gravity fed water tank 15 located on the roof of the residential/high-rise building 11 and ultimately distributed to the user through a distribution pipe 13.

As is known in the art, a pressure relief valve typically changes the fluid flowing through the valve from a higher inlet pressure to a lower outlet pressure by a change in the orifice area of the valve. Unfortunately, since this type of valve typically reduces the water pressure by reducing the restriction area, the potential energy of the water pressure is wasted in the overall system.

Therefore, there is a need to provide a turbine arrangement that enables fluid pressure reduction and the use of pressure reduction for power generation, and that at least partially addresses the above problems. This is particularly important when the fluid is to be treated as drinking water to be supplied to a domestic or commercial building, particularly a residence.

Disclosure of Invention

The features and advantages of the present disclosure will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the principles disclosed herein. The features and advantages of the disclosure may be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a turbine apparatus comprising: a turbine comprising a housing including a volute configured to direct a fluid flow path through a wheel disposed therein for rotation of a first rotatable shaft coupled thereto relative to the housing; and a drive assembly engaged with the housing, the drive assembly including a first rotatable member disposed therein, the first rotatable member being magnetically coupled at one end to the first rotatable shaft and coupled at another end to a power generation system; wherein a fluid flow path in the turbine is excluded from the transmission assembly by the housing.

The transmission assembly may include a second rotatable shaft having one end engageable with the first rotatable member and another end engageable with the power generation system. At least one member for supporting the first and second rotatable shafts therein may be included.

Optionally, the control system comprises a bypass circuit, a valve, a sensor for detecting rotation of the runner, and a controller for controlling the state of the valve and thereby the flow rate of fluid through the turbine arrangement and the bypass circuit in response to signals received from the sensor. Advantageously, the bypass circuit comprises a flexible tube between two adjacent tube segments for providing an adjustable axial offset.

The material of the flexible tube may be metal or rubber.

The inlet of the volute may be of relatively smaller cross-section than the main pipe of the fluid supply system for increasing the flow velocity of the fluid flowing through the wheel.

The cross-section of the discharge opening of the outlet of the volute may be relatively larger than the cross-section of the inlet opening of the outlet of the volute for reducing the flow velocity of the fluid flowing out of the runner.

The axis of the inlet of the volute may be aligned with the axis of the discharge of the outlet of the volute.

At least one conditioning member may be mounted upstream of the turbine device, before the inlet of the volute. The adjustment member may reduce a diameter from the fluid supply pipe to a diameter of an inlet of the volute.

At least one conditioning member may be mounted downstream of the turbine device after the outlet of the volute. The adjustment member may increase a diameter from an outlet of the volute to an inlet diameter of the fluid supply pipe.

The first rotatable shaft may be lubricated in the housing by a fluid flowing therethrough.

In another aspect, there is provided a system for generating electrical power from a fluid flow, the system comprising: a turbine device; and a power generation system for converting the mechanical energy into electrical energy.

In yet another aspect, there is provided a method for generating power from a fluid flow, the method comprising: directing the fluid through a turbine device; and connecting the turbine arrangement to a power generation system operable to generate electricity.

Drawings

In order to describe the manner in which the above-recited and other advantages and features of the disclosure can be obtained, a more particular description of the principles briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only exemplary embodiments of the disclosure and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the principles herein will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings.

Preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be explained in further detail below by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: -

Fig. 1 depicts a schematic diagram of a typical water distribution system for a high-rise building with roof tanks.

FIG. 2 depicts a perspective view of a system for generating electrical power from a fluid flow having a turbine device and a generator, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 depicts a cross-sectional view of a turbine apparatus and generator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 depicts a cross-sectional view of a turbine according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 depicts a pressure simulation diagram of a turbine apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 6 depicts a cross-sectional view of a magnetic coupling arrangement according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 depicts a perspective view of a turbine apparatus having a control system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 depicts a schematic flow diagram of a turbine apparatus having a control system operating in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 depicts a graph of power output versus flow rate for a system for generating electrical power from a fluid flow having a turbine arrangement and a generator, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 depicts a plot of turbine speed under control system regulation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 depicts a graph of output power under control system regulation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

Various embodiments of the present disclosure are discussed in detail below. While specific embodiments are discussed, it should be understood that this is done for illustrative purposes only. A person skilled in the relevant art will recognize that other components and configurations may be used without parting from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.

FIG. 2 depicts a perspective view of a system for generating electrical power from a fluid flow having a turbine device and a generator according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The system 100 for generating electrical power from a fluid flow according to the present disclosure replaces the prior art pressure relief valve for relieving pressure in a fluid supply line discussed in the background and at least partially solves some of the problems associated with such an arrangement.

The system 100 for generating electrical power from a fluid flow includes a turbine device 60 and a generator 80. The turbine assembly 60 includes a turbine 20 and a drive assembly 40.

In this embodiment according to the present disclosure, the turbine 20 includes a housing 30. The volute of the turbine includes a volute inlet 22 and a volute outlet 26. Fluid from the supply pipe flows into the turbine 20 through the volute inlet 22, and then through the volute flow passage 28 into the runner 24, and finally exits the turbine 20 through the volute outlet 26, as shown in fig. 4.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a cross-sectional view of a turbine device 60 and a generator 80 in a system 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is depicted, while FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a turbine according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the volute, the runner 24 and the first rotatable shaft 32 are located in the housing 30 of the turbine apparatus 60. The runner 24 includes a plurality of blades (not shown).

Advantageously, the volute inlet 22 and the volute outlet 26 are configured to be aligned so that the turbine apparatus is more easily installed between the fluid supply pipes. It should be understood that any arrangement of the volute inlet 22 and the volute outlet 26 is possible without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

In the embodiment of fig. 3 and 4, the cross-sectional shape of the volute inlet 22 and the volute outlet 26 is substantially circular. However, it should be understood that other cross-sectional shapes are possible for the volute inlet 22 and the volute outlet 26, such as rectangular, hexagonal, etc., without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

The diameter of the cross section of the inlet opening 21 of the volute inlet 22 is relatively smaller than the diameter of the cross section of the fluid supply pipe so that the flow velocity of the fluid is significantly increased, which enhances the energy extraction of the runner. The volute outlet 26 has an inlet port 23 that receives fluid from the runner 24 and an outlet port 25 for directing fluid back to the downstream supply pipe. The diameter of the cross-section of the volute outlet 26 expands from the inlet port 23 to the outlet port 25 so that the velocity of the fluid from the wheel decreases in the volute outlet 26 and then flows into the downstream pipe.

In a preferred embodiment, the turbine device 60 is fitted in a residential municipal fresh water supply system. It should be understood that the turbine apparatus 60 may be applied to any fluid system, but is particularly suited to fluid systems having an overpressure and for distributing fluid for consumption. Advantageously, in one example, the volute inlet 22 is 25mm in diameter.

As fresh water enters the turbine arrangement 60 through the volute inlet 22, the velocity of the water increases significantly. The diameter of the volute outlet 26 increases gradually from 50mm at the inlet port 23 to 65mm at the outlet port 25. Thus, the velocity of the water from the runner 24 is reduced and a low pressure zone is present in the volute outlet 26, which facilitates energy extraction from the water flow.

FIG. 5 illustrates a pressure simulation diagram for a turbine apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. This simulation model represents the fluid shape/field flowing in the turbine. The portion enclosed by the rectangular frame indicates the fluid in the runner 24 and the remaining portion indicates the fluid in the volute. As can be seen in fig. 5, the water pressure decreases from the runner 24 to the volute outlet 26. The small yellow area indicated by point a shows the relatively high pressure of the fluid in the volute before entering the wheel, and the small blue area indicated by point B appears at the inlet opening 23 of the volute outlet 26. This small blue region is a low pressure region that allows the wheel to extract more energy from the water stream.

It should be appreciated that as fluid (e.g., water) flows through the turbine assembly 20, the runner 24 extracts energy from the fluid and transfers the energy to the generator 80 via the transmission assembly 40. A volute flow passage 28 is provided around and adjacent the runner 24 to minimize leakage.

Fig. 3 also shows an exemplary internal structure of the system 100. In one embodiment, turbine 20 further includes a base plate 27 that is bolted over wheel 24. One end of the first rotatable shaft 32 is coupled to the runner 24 such that as fluid flows through the runner 24, the runner 24 drives the first rotatable shaft 32 to rotate relative to the housing 30. A collar member 36 disposed within the housing 30 surrounds and is engageable with the other end of the first rotatable shaft 32. A first rotatable shaft 32 passes through the base plate 27. There are two bearings holding the first rotatable shaft 32, and a bearing holder 31 is fixed on the bottom plate 27 for supporting the mounting of the first rotatable shaft 32 and the lubrication of the bearings. Fluid may flow through the bottom plate 27 in the housing 30, which lubricates mechanical parts in the housing, including the first rotatable shaft 32. The housing 30 includes a cover member 34 for separating and sealing the fluid from the external environment (including other components of the system).

The transmission assembly 40 is engaged with the housing 30 and includes a first rotatable member 46 that is magnetically coupled at one end to the collar member 36 within the housing 30 and at the other end to a power generation system, such as a generator 80. Advantageously, the transmission assembly 40 further includes a second rotatable shaft 42 that is engageable with the first rotatable member 46 at one end and with a power generation system (such as a generator 80) at the other end. The bearing holder 44 is for fixing and supporting the second rotatable shaft 42. Optionally, a coupling member 48 is arranged between the second rotatable shaft 42 and a power generation system (such as a generator 80) for connecting the second rotatable shaft 42 and the shaft of the generator 80.

FIG. 6 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a magnetic coupling arrangement according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Magnetic coupling is a coupling that transfers torque from one shaft to another by using magnetic fields rather than a physical mechanical connection.

As shown in fig. 6, the magnetic coupling arrangement includes a cover member 34 for separating and sealing fluid within the housing 30 from the external environment, a collar member 36 within the housing 30, and a first rotatable member 46 outside the housing 30. Several poles are inserted into the collar member 36 and the first rotatable member 46, and thus the magnetic coupling arrangement can transfer torque through a magnetic field. The cover member 34 separates the collar member 36 inside the housing 30 from the first rotatable member 46 outside the housing 30. In this way, leakage of fluid from the housing, which would necessarily be associated with the inclusion of a shaft having holes around it, would be avoided. This housing is configured to define a flow path that, together with the volute, separates the fluid within the housing 30 from the external environment.

Because the cover member 34 and the collar member 36 are in direct contact with the fluid, the material of the cover member 34 and the collar member 36 may be selected based on the operating requirements/fluid to be delivered. For example, for fresh water, the material of the cover member 34 may be 316 stainless steel, and the collar member 36 should be covered by a 316 stainless steel outer shell. The magnetic coupling arrangement of the present disclosure (rather than using shaft seals that wear and cause the contact surfaces to have friction when sliding against each other) allows the turbine apparatus to be more reliable and ensures water quality. Additionally, the magnetic coupling arrangement also reduces the starting torque of the turbine.

In one embodiment, the outer diameter of the cover member 34 may be 78mm and the outer diameter of the collar member 36 may be 46 mm. The outer diameter of first rotatable member 46 may be 69.5mm and the diameter of the protruding portion of first rotatable member 46 may be 35 mm. For these exemplary dimensions, the maximum operating pressure of the magnetic coupling arrangement is 2.0MPa, and in this case the magnetic coupling arrangement can deliver a maximum torque of 3.0 Nm.

As fluid flows in the turbine 20 and the volute inlet 22 directs the fluid into the runner 24, the runner 24 extracts energy from the fluid flow and drives the first rotatable shaft 32 and the collar member 36, which means that energy is transferred to the collar member 36 through the bearing and the first rotatable shaft 32. With the magnetic coupling arrangement, collar member 36 transfers its rotational energy to first rotatable member 46 through a magnetic field. Finally, energy is transferred to the generator 80 through the second rotatable shaft 42 and the coupling member 48 for generating electricity.

FIG. 7 illustrates a perspective view of a turbine apparatus having a control system 50 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Fluid from the fluid supply line 70 flows through the turbine arrangement 60 and causes the runner 24 to rotate. As the fluid flow rate increases, the rotational speed of the turbine and the head of water passing through the turbine arrangement 60 also increases. Thus, at higher flow rates, the head reduction may exceed the desired value, which means a pressure reduction and has a negative impact on the normal water supply. A control system 50 is proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems. The main purpose of the control system 50 is to avoid excessive head reduction at higher flow rates by keeping the turbine speed within an acceptable range.

In one embodiment, the control system 50 includes a bypass circuit 52, a valve 54, a sensor for detecting a rotational speed of the runner, and a controller 56 for controlling a state of the valve 54 and thereby a flow rate of fluid through the turbine device 60 and the bypass circuit 52 in response to signals received from the sensor. The valve 54 may be a solenoid-operated valve. It should be understood that any type of valve is possible without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Optionally, a battery 59 is provided to the controller 56.

The bypass circuit 52 is arranged in parallel with the fluid supply line 70, and the valve 54 is controlled by the controller 56 and installed in the bypass circuit 52. Sensors are installed in the turbine assembly 60 to detect rotational speed and send signals to the controller 56. Once the rotational speed is too high, the controller 56 will open the control valve 54 to a certain extent, so the flow rate through the turbine arrangement 60 will decrease and the rotational speed will decrease. A flexible tube 58 is located between the two tube sections of the bypass circuit 52 to compensate for offset due to tube movement and concentricity errors between adjacent tube sections. The material of the flexible tube is advantageously a flexible material, such as metal or rubber. To connect the fluid supply pipe 70 and the turbine arrangement 60, at least one regulating member is mounted upstream of the turbine arrangement 60 before the volute inlet and at least one regulating member is mounted downstream of the volute outlet at the turbine arrangement 60. As shown in fig. 7, the adjustment member 72 reduces the diameter from the fluid supply pipe to the diameter of the inlet of the volute, while the adjustment member 74 increases the diameter from the outlet of the volute to the diameter of the inlet of the fluid supply pipe.

FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic flow diagram 200 of a turbine apparatus having a control system 50 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

The rotational speed of the turbine is related to the flow rate, and therefore the rotational speed is selected as the controlled parameter in the turbine control strategy.

As can be seen, the control strategy is closed loop control.

At step 202, an acceptable speed range (e.g., 1200rpm to 1450rpm) is first input into the controller 56.

Next, in step 204, a real-time value of the turbine speed is obtained and sent by the sensor to the controller 56.

If the speed is within the correct range, as shown in step 206, the state of the valve 54 is unchanged.

If the speed exceeds the set range (step 208), the controller 56 will control the valve 54 in the bypass circuit 52 to open it to a greater degree of opening (step 210) to allow water to enter the bypass circuit. This means that the flow rate through the turbine arrangement 60 is reduced and the rotational speed is reduced, preferably to the required range.

Alternatively, if the speed is below the desired range (step 212), the controller 56 may control the state of the valve 54 to close it to a smaller opening (step 214). Once this occurs, the flow rate through the bypass loop 52 will decrease and the turbine speed will increase.

By comparing the actual speed with the input range every 10 seconds via the controller 56, the adjustment process may be repeated until the turbine speed stabilizes within the given range.

By detecting the turbine speed and the degree/state of opening of the control valve 54, the flow rate through the turbine arrangement 60 can be controlled and thus also the head reduction through the turbine arrangement 60 can be controlled to a large extent.

FIG. 9 showsA plot of power output versus flow rate for a system for generating electrical power from a fluid flow having a turbine arrangement and a generator in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure is presented. As shown in FIG. 9, the output power of the turbine increases substantially linearly with flow rate; and it can be seen that the rated output power of the exemplary turbine arrangement is at 10 m³110W is used for h.

FIG. 10 shows a graph of turbine speed under control system regulation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 11 shows a graph of output power under control system regulation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

In the test of the turbine apparatus according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the rotation speed range was set to 1295rpm to 1350rpm, and the flow rate was gradually increased.

Referring to fig. 10 and 11, it can be seen that as the flow rate increases, the output power and the rotational speed also gradually increase. When the speed exceeds 1350rpm, the valve 54 opens.

At point P, the flow rate drops sharply and the output power and speed also drop significantly. However, after valve 54 adjustment, the output power and speed remain within desired ranges. During this time sequence, head loss was kept below 22m by careful selection of valve settings/flow rates.

It will be appreciated that the present turbine apparatus and system provides for the recovery of kinetic energy from pressure reductions (which inevitably occur near residential/high-rise buildings). Typically, the turbine device and system of the present system can be fitted in-line in a treated potable water supply because the water flow path is not contaminated by the lubricating oil for the mechanical components. Advantageously, the water flow in the housing is used to provide lubrication to the rotatable shaft in a region separate from the generator.

In contrast, typical turbines used to extract kinetic energy from flowing fluids are used in large scale power generation systems. In such systems, the shaft is typically used to directly connect the turbine and generator, which can lead to leakage, frictional losses, and mechanical wear, and thus reduce overall mechanical efficiency. However, in such an environment, the inefficiency is not important from the overall scale.

Additionally, the control circuit may be used to adjust the open or closed state of the vanes about the turbine wheel in order to control the fluid flowing through the wheel. However, such vanes are typically bulky and difficult to adjust to flow rate. In addition, these large systems are typically located upstream of the water treatment facility, meaning that any impurities introduced by the power generation process can be addressed by subsequent treatment.

The turbine arrangement and the system for generating electrical power according to the present disclosure have the advantage of at least partially solving the above-mentioned problems of existing systems, such as reducing mechanical losses, improving mechanical efficiency, avoiding fluid leakage, more accurate control, and are particularly suitable for small-scale applications, especially applications where installation is in-line just in front of one or more residential buildings.

The above embodiments are described by way of example only. Many variations are possible without departing from the scope of the disclosure as defined in the appended claims.

For clarity of explanation, in some cases the present techniques may be presented as including functional blocks that include the following: these functional blocks include apparatus, apparatus components, steps or routines in a method implemented in software, or a combination of hardware and software.

Methods according to the above examples may be implemented using computer-executable instructions stored or otherwise available from computer-readable media. Such instructions may include, for example, instructions and data which cause or otherwise configure a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or special purpose processing device to perform a certain function or group of functions. Part of the computer resources used may be accessible via a network. The computer-executable instructions may be, for example, binaries, intermediate format instructions, such as assembly language, firmware, or source code. Examples of computer readable media that may be used to store instructions, information used, and/or information created during a method according to the described examples include magnetic or optical disks, flash memory, Universal Serial Bus (USB) devices provided with non-volatile memory, networked storage devices, and so forth.

An apparatus implementing methods in accordance with these disclosures may include hardware, firmware, and/or software, and may take any of a variety of form factors. The functionality described herein may also be implemented in a peripheral device or add-on card. As another example, such functionality may also be implemented on circuit boards in different processes performed in different chips or in a single device.

The instructions, the media for communicating such instructions, the computing resources for performing them, and other structures for supporting such computing resources are means for providing the functionality described in this disclosure.

While various examples and other information are used to explain aspects within the scope of the appended claims, no limitations are intended to the claims based on the specific features or arrangements of such examples, as one of ordinary skill would be able to use such examples to obtain various implementations. Further and although certain subject matter may have been described in language specific to examples of structural features and/or methodological steps, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the described features or acts. For example, such functionality may be distributed differently or performed in components other than those identified herein. Rather, the described features and steps are disclosed as examples of components of systems and methods within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A turbine apparatus, comprising:

a turbine, said turbine comprising

A housing including a volute configured to direct a fluid flow path through a runner disposed therein for rotation of a first rotatable shaft coupled thereto relative to the housing; and

a drive assembly engaged with the housing, the drive assembly including a first rotatable member disposed therein, the first rotatable member being magnetically coupled at one end to the first rotatable shaft and coupled at another end to a power generation system;

wherein a fluid flow path in the turbine is excluded from the transmission assembly by the housing.

2. The turbine device of claim 1, wherein the transmission assembly includes a second rotatable shaft engageable with the first rotatable member at one end and the power generation system at another end.

3. The turbomachine apparatus of claim 2, further comprising at least one member for supporting the first rotatable shaft and the second rotatable shaft therein.

4. The turbine arrangement of claim 1, further comprising a control system including a bypass circuit, a valve, a sensor for detecting rotation of a runner, and a controller for controlling a state of the valve and thereby a fluid flow rate through the turbine arrangement and the bypass circuit in response to signals received from the sensor.

5. The turbine assembly of claim 4, wherein the bypass circuit comprises a flexible tube between two adjacent tube segments for providing an adjustable axial offset.

6. The turbine assembly of claim 5, wherein the material of the flexible tube is metal or rubber.

7. The turbine arrangement of claim 1, wherein a cross-section of an inlet of the volute is relatively smaller than a cross-section of a main pipe of a fluid supply system for increasing a flow velocity of fluid flowing through the runner.

8. The turbine apparatus of claim 1, wherein a cross-section of an outlet of the volute is relatively larger than a cross-section of an inlet of the outlet of the volute for reducing a flow velocity of the fluid flowing out of the runner.

9. The turbine apparatus of claim 1, wherein an axis of an inlet of the volute is aligned with an axis of a discharge of an outlet of the volute.

10. The turbine arrangement of claim 1, further comprising at least one conditioning member mounted upstream of the turbine arrangement prior to an inlet of the volute.

11. The turbine arrangement of claim 10, wherein the adjustment member reduces a diameter from a fluid supply pipe to a diameter of an inlet of the volute.

12. The turbine arrangement of claim 1, further comprising at least one adjustment member mounted downstream of the outlet of the volute at the downstream of the turbine arrangement.

13. The turbine arrangement of claim 12, wherein the adjustment member increases a diameter from an outlet of the volute to an inlet diameter of a fluid supply pipe.

14. The turbine device of claim 1, wherein the first rotatable shaft is lubricated in the housing by a fluid flowing therethrough.

15. A turbine system for generating electrical power from a fluid flow, the system comprising:

a turbine arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 14; and

a power generation system for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.