CN212737725U

CN212737725U - Battery bracket and electric automobile comprising same

Info

Publication number: CN212737725U
Application number: CN202021310221.6U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 仇丹梁; 周英富; 刘猛
Original assignee: Aulton New Energy Automotive Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Aulton New Energy Automotive Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-07-06
Filing date: 2020-07-06
Publication date: 2021-03-19
Anticipated expiration: 2030-07-06

Abstract

The utility model provides a battery bracket and contain its electric automobile, battery bracket are used for bearing and lock the battery package on electric automobile, and battery bracket includes: the bracket body is provided with a channel for the battery pack to enter and exit the bracket body along the Y direction, and when the battery pack enters and exits the bracket body, the bracket body limits the X direction and the Z direction of the battery pack; and the locking mechanism is arranged on the bracket body, and when the battery pack is locked by the locking mechanism, the locking mechanism limits the Y direction of the battery pack. In the electric automobile, the battery bracket realizes the purpose of respectively limiting different degrees of freedom of the battery pack by stages and by mechanisms in the process that the battery pack enters and exits the battery bracket along the Y direction, simplifies the connection mode of the battery pack and the battery bracket, and can improve the convenience of dismounting the battery pack relative to the electric automobile.

Description

Battery bracket and electric automobile comprising same

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an electric motor car field, in particular to battery bracket and contain its electric automobile.

Background

The battery bracket is used as a structure for installing and fixing the battery pack on the electric automobile, the battery pack must be reliably fixed so as to avoid jolt of the battery pack relative to the battery bracket or the automobile when the electric automobile runs, and meanwhile, the convenience of battery replacement must be considered, namely, the battery pack must be quickly and simply assembled and disassembled relative to the bracket when the battery is replaced. How to guarantee the reliability when battery bracket fixes the battery package, can improve the dismouting speed of battery package relative battery bracket simultaneously again, be the research and development key point of electric motor car design research personnel all the time.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is to provide a battery bracket and contain its electric automobile in order to overcome among the prior art when guaranteeing the fixed battery package reliability of battery bracket, be difficult to the defect of the dismouting convenience that improves the relative battery bracket of battery package.

The utility model discloses an above-mentioned technical problem is solved through following technical scheme:

a battery carrier for carrying and locking a battery pack on an electric vehicle, comprising:

the bracket body is provided with a channel for the battery pack to enter and exit the bracket body along the Y direction, and when the battery pack enters and exits the bracket body, the bracket body limits the X direction and the Z direction of the battery pack;

and the locking mechanism is arranged on the bracket body, and when the battery pack is locked by the locking mechanism, the Y direction of the battery pack is limited by the locking mechanism.

In the process that the battery pack enters and exits the battery bracket along the Y direction, the bracket body is firstly used for keeping the limiting of the battery pack in the X direction and the Z direction, and then the battery pack reaches a specific position on the bracket body and is limited in the Y direction movement through the locking mechanism, so that the aim of respectively limiting different degrees of freedom of the battery pack by stages and by mechanisms is fulfilled. Through foretell structure setting for battery tray when can fix the battery package completely, simplified the connected mode of battery package with battery tray, in order to realize improving the purpose of the relative battery tray dismouting convenience of battery package.

Preferably, when the battery pack enters and exits the bracket body, the bracket body limits the downward direction of the battery pack in the Z direction;

when the battery pack is located within the limit position of the bracket body, the bracket body further limits the Z-direction upward direction of the battery pack.

Through the structure, when the battery pack enters or exits the bracket body, the bracket body only limits the Z-direction downward direction of the battery pack, so that the battery pack can conveniently enter the bracket body; and when the battery package removed to within the limit position of bracket body, the bracket body just again to the Z of battery package also spacing to the direction that makes progress, guarantee the fastness, the reliability of the fixed battery package of bracket body.

Preferably, when the locking mechanism locks the battery pack, the battery pack is in a locked position.

Through the structure, when the battery pack is locked by the locking mechanism, the battery pack is positioned in the bracket body and is in the locking position, so that the position consistency of the battery pack relative to the bracket body is ensured when the battery pack is locked by the locking mechanism. Through when the battery package is constantly relative battery bracket dismouting, improve the uniformity of position between battery package and the bracket body, can guarantee the concrete position of battery package relative bracket body when fixed, and the accuracy of the circumstances such as battery package and bracket body electricity are connected.

Preferably, in the process that the battery pack enters the bracket body along the Y direction, the battery pack sequentially passes through the limiting position and the locking position.

Through the structure, in the process that the battery pack enters the bracket body along the Y direction, the battery pack firstly passes through the limiting position, so that the bracket body can limit the Z-direction upward direction of the battery pack; and then, the battery pack reaches the locking position, so that when the battery pack is locked by the locking mechanism, the position accuracy of the battery pack relative to the bracket body is improved, and the success rate of locking the battery pack by the locking mechanism is further improved.

Preferably, the locking positions include a first locking position and a second locking position, and when the battery pack is located at the first locking position, the locking mechanism locks the battery pack and drives the battery pack to move to the second locking position.

Through the structure, when the battery pack is located at the first locking position, the locking mechanism can lock the battery pack and move the battery pack to the second locking position, so that the purpose of driving the battery pack to move for a distance is achieved when the battery pack is locked by the locking mechanism.

Preferably, the bracket body is provided with an electric connection plug, and the electric connection plug is used for being connected and plugged with an electric connection socket of the battery pack along the Y direction.

Through the structure, the electric connection plug of the bracket body can realize plugging relative to the battery pack when the battery pack moves into the bracket body along the Y direction, so that the process steps that the battery pack moves into the battery bracket and is fixed on the battery bracket are further simplified.

Preferably, the electrical connection socket of the battery pack is inserted into the electrical connection plug along the direction from the first locking position to the second locking position;

when the battery pack is in the second locked position, the electrical connection plug is inserted into the electrical connection receptacle and forms an electrical connection.

Through the structure, when the battery pack is fixed on the bracket body, the battery pack is driven to move for a certain distance by the locking mechanism when the battery pack is locked, so that the purpose that the electric connection socket is connected with the electric connection socket relatively in an inserting mode is achieved by utilizing the moving distance, and the electric connection reliability of the battery pack and the bracket body is improved.

Preferably, when the locking mechanism locks the battery pack, the locking mechanism also limits the Z direction of the battery pack.

Through the structure, the Z direction of the battery pack is limited when the battery pack is locked by the locking mechanism, so that the stability of the battery pack in the Z direction is improved when the battery pack is fixed on the battery bracket.

Simultaneously, carry out spacingly through locking mechanism and bracket body common to the Z of battery package to the condition, the bracket body just need not to do very little to the spacing structural tolerance of Z of battery package to can reduce the battery package along the degree of difficulty that Y got into the bracket body.

Preferably, the bracket body has:

the battery pack limiting device comprises a first limiting unit, wherein the first limiting unit is used for limiting the X direction of the battery pack, the first limiting unit is arranged on two sides of a bracket body, and the first limiting unit is arranged on two sides of the bracket body so as to improve the limiting capacity of the first limiting unit on the X direction of the battery pack.

Preferably, the first limiting unit comprises at least one side roller, and the side rollers are arranged along the Y direction, so that the resistance of the limiting structure to the movement of the battery pack in the bracket body is reduced while the X direction of the battery pack is limited in a rolling contact manner with the side surface of the battery pack.

Preferably, the side roller is mounted on a side wall of the bracket body through a rotating shaft extending in a vertical direction, and the side wall has a groove for accommodating the rotating shaft and the side roller.

Through the structure, the side rollers can be accommodated in the side walls of the bracket body, and the side walls protect the side rollers.

Preferably, the bracket body has:

and the third limiting units are used for limiting the Z-direction upward direction of the battery pack and are arranged on two sides of the bracket body.

Through the structure, the third limiting units arranged on the two sides of the bracket body are beneficial to limiting the Z-direction upward direction of the battery pack.

Preferably, the third limiting unit is located at an entrance of the channel, so that when the third limiting unit moves to the entrance of the bracket body through a specific structure arranged on the battery pack, the third limiting unit cooperates with the third limiting unit to limit the freedom degree of the battery pack in the upward direction along the Z direction.

Preferably, the third limiting unit is a limiting block fixed on the surface of the side wall of the bracket body, so as to limit the freedom degree of the battery pack in the upward direction along the Z direction.

Preferably, the locking mechanism comprises a rotating insert, and the rotating insert is arranged on the bracket body and can rotate relative to the bracket body;

when the battery pack is located at the first locking position, the rotating plug-in component rotates and locks the limiting component located on the battery pack.

Through the structure, the rotating plug-in of the locking mechanism rotates relative to the limiting part on the battery pack, and the purpose of limiting the battery pack is achieved.

Preferably, the locking mechanism applies a pulling force to the limiting member through rotation of the rotating plug-in unit to drive the battery pack to move to the second locking position, so that the purpose of driving the battery pack to move for a certain distance is achieved while the battery pack is locked by the locking mechanism.

Preferably, the locking mechanism is arranged on the surface of the end plate of the bracket body, so that the locking mechanism can directly apply tension to the back plate of the battery pack, so as to directly apply locking force and tension to the shell of the battery pack and improve the reliability of locking.

Preferably, the surface of the end plate of the bracket body is provided with a buffer pad.

Through the structure setting, the buffer pad is arranged on one side of the end plate of the bracket body, so that the movement and the impact of the battery pack relative to the battery bracket are buffered in the running process of the automobile, the rigid collision between the battery pack and the battery bracket is effectively avoided, and the problem of structural abrasion is caused.

Preferably, the battery bracket further comprises an unlocking mechanism, the unlocking mechanism is provided with an unlocking input piece and an unlocking output piece, the unlocking input piece is used for being connected with the unlocking driving part and driving the unlocking output piece to rotate under the driving of the unlocking driving part, the unlocking output piece is used for being connected with the locking mechanism and driving the locking mechanism to move so as to unlock the battery pack, and the unlocking input piece is slidably connected to the bracket body.

Through the structure, the better implementation structure for unlocking the battery pack relative to the driving locking mechanism is provided, the purpose of automatic unlocking is achieved, and the reliability of the unlocking process is improved in the battery replacement process.

Preferably, the unlocking input member is disposed at an inlet side of the passage to provide a preferable disposition position of the unlocking input member.

Preferably, the unlocking mechanism comprises a transmission unit, and two ends of the transmission unit are respectively connected with the unlocking input piece and the unlocking output piece so as to transmit the displacement input by the unlocking input piece to the unlocking output piece, thereby realizing the unlocking function.

Preferably, the unlocking mechanism further comprises a connecting rod unit, one end of the connecting rod unit is directly connected to the locking mechanism, the other end of the connecting rod unit is connected to the unlocking input piece, and the connecting rod unit transmits the movement of the unlocking input piece to the locking mechanism and drives the locking mechanism to move so as to unlock the battery pack.

Through the structure, the connecting rod structure is used as a transmission form for transmitting the displacement of the input unlocking input piece to the locking mechanism, and the reliability of unlocking the battery pack by the unlocking mechanism can be improved.

Preferably, the bracket body further comprises a hall sensor, and the hall sensor is used for detecting the locking state of the locking mechanism.

By arranging the Hall sensor, the moving state of related moving parts such as the locking mechanism is detected to be used as a reliable basis for judging whether the locking mechanism locks or unlocks the battery pack.

Preferably, the bracket body further comprises an anti-falling mechanism for limiting the battery pack to fall off the battery bracket.

Through the structure, the anti-falling mechanism can be positioned in the bracket body when the battery pack is not completely fixed, the situation that the battery pack is separated from the bracket body due to an accident situation is prevented, and the reliability of the battery bracket for installing the battery pack can be improved.

Preferably, the anti-dropping mechanism comprises a driving piece and an anti-dropping piece, the driving piece is used for driving the anti-dropping piece to switch between a hidden state and an anti-dropping state, so as to provide a better implementation structure which enables the anti-dropping mechanism to limit the battery pack from being separated from the battery bracket.

Preferably, the access & exit end of bracket body is equipped with the spacing unit that makes progress in the Z direction, the spacing unit that makes progress in the Z direction is used for restricting the battery package is relative battery bracket is along the motion of vertical direction that makes progress to improve the bracket body and follow the spacing ability of direction that makes progress to the battery package in outlet end one side, effectively reduce the relative battery bracket's of battery package motion and impact in the automobile driving process, reduce structural wear.

Preferably, the Z-direction upward limiting unit is a buckle, and the buckle is used for being matched with a hook arranged on the shell of the battery pack.

Through the structure, in the process that the battery pack is moved into the battery bracket, the battery pack is limited through the mutual matching of the buckle and the clamping hook, and the purpose of limiting the battery pack to move along the vertical upward direction relative to the battery bracket at the inlet and outlet end of the bracket body is achieved.

An electric vehicle, characterized in that it comprises a battery carrier as described above.

In the electric automobile, when the battery pack enters and exits the battery bracket along the Y direction, the battery bracket firstly keeps limiting on the X direction and the Z direction of the battery pack through the bracket body, and then the battery pack reaches a specific position on the bracket body and then limits on the Y direction movement of the battery pack through the locking mechanism, so that the aim of respectively limiting on different degrees of freedom of the battery pack by stages and by mechanisms is fulfilled. Through foretell structure setting for battery holder when can fix the battery package completely, has simplified the connected mode of battery package with battery holder, realizes improving the purpose of battery holder and electric automobile dismouting convenience relative of battery package.

Preferably, the end plate of the bracket body is fixed on the surface of the chassis beam of the electric automobile through a fastener, so that the battery bracket can be stably installed on the electric automobile, and the battery bracket is prevented from vibrating when the electric automobile runs.

Preferably, the chassis of the electric automobile is provided with a left crossbeam and a right crossbeam which are arranged in parallel;

the bracket body is arranged on the left crossbeam and the right crossbeam so as to further improve the installation stability of the battery bracket.

Preferably, a plurality of the bottom plate cross beams between the bracket bodies are integrally formed and form a main beam, and the main beam is fixed to the lower side surfaces of the left and right cross beams to further improve the installation stability of the battery bracket.

The utility model discloses an actively advance the effect and lie in:

in the battery bracket and the electric automobile comprising the same, the battery bracket firstly keeps limiting in the X direction and the Z direction of the battery pack through the bracket body in the process that the battery pack enters and exits the battery bracket along the Y direction, and then limits the Y direction movement of the battery pack through the locking mechanism after the battery pack reaches a specific position on the bracket body, so that the aim of respectively limiting different degrees of freedom of the battery pack by stages and by mechanisms is fulfilled. Through foretell structure setting for battery holder when can fix the battery package completely, has simplified the connected mode of battery package with battery holder, realizes improving the purpose of battery holder and electric automobile dismouting convenience relative of battery package.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a battery holder and a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram (a) of a battery bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram (a) of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view of a portion B in fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a partially enlarged view of a portion C in fig. 2.

Fig. 7 is a partially enlarged view of a portion D in fig. 3.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view (a) illustrating a battery holder and a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram (ii) illustrating the battery bracket and the battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram (iii) illustrating the battery holder and the battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a schematic partial structural diagram of a locking mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention (ii).

Fig. 13 is a partially enlarged view of a portion E in fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is a schematic flow chart of a battery pack locked by a locking mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram (ii) of a battery bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 16 is a partially enlarged view of portion F in fig. 15.

Fig. 17 is a schematic view illustrating an unlocked state of the battery bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 18 is a partial structural schematic view (a) of a battery bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 19 is a partial schematic structural view of a battery bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention (ii).

Fig. 20 is a schematic structural view of the anti-separation mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention in an anti-separation state.

Fig. 21 is a schematic structural view of the anti-separation mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention in a hidden state.

Fig. 22 is a schematic view illustrating a connection relationship between a chassis and a battery bracket of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

battery holder 100, channel 100a

Side wall 11

Bracket bottom plate 12, roller mounting seat 121, bottom plate cover plate 122 and bottom plate cross beam 123

End plate 13

First position limiting unit 14, side roller 141

Second limiting unit 15, bottom roller 151 and roller unit 152

Third limiting unit 16 and limiting block 161

Z-direction upward limiting unit 17

Anti-drop mechanism 18

Driving member 181

Anti-falling part 182

Torsion spring 183

Electrical connection plug 19

Locking mechanism 20, rotary insert 21, insert rotating shaft 22

Unlocking mechanism 30

Unlocking the input member 31, unlocking the sleeve 311

Transmission unit 32

Unlock output member 33

Link unit 34

Cushion 40

Hall sensor 50, magnet 501

Battery pack 200

A stopper 201 for accommodating the cavity 201a

Limiting structure 202

Electrical connection socket 203

Matching section 204

Hook 205

A vehicle body 5, a left girder 51, a right girder 52

Detailed Description

The present invention will be more clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The utility model provides a battery bracket 100, it is installed on electric automobile to and bear and lock battery package 200, make electric automobile possess the function of installation and change battery package 200.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the battery carrier 100 includes a carrier body and a locking mechanism 20 provided on the carrier body.

Wherein, a channel 100a for the battery pack 200 to enter and exit the bracket body along the Y direction is formed on the bracket body, when the battery pack 200 enters and exits the bracket body, the bracket body limits the X direction of the battery pack 200 through the first limit unit 14, and limits the Z direction of the battery pack 200 through the second limit unit 15 and the third limit unit 16,

the locking mechanism 20 is used for locking the battery pack 200, and specifically, when the battery pack 200 moves to a specific position inside the cradle body relative to the cradle body, the locking mechanism 20 limits the Y direction of the battery pack 200, so that the battery pack 200 cannot move in the Y direction relative to the cradle body any more. At this time, the degrees of freedom of the battery pack 200 in the X-direction and the Z-direction are restricted by the first stopper unit 14, the second stopper unit 15, and the third stopper unit 16 of the tray body, respectively, so that the position of the battery pack 200 relative to the tray body is completely fixed.

In the process that the battery pack 200 enters and exits the battery bracket 100 along the Y direction, the battery bracket 100 firstly keeps the position of the battery pack 200 in the X direction and the Z direction by the bracket body, and then the battery pack 200 reaches a specific position on the bracket body and then limits the Y movement of the battery pack 200 by the locking mechanism 20, so that the aim of respectively limiting different degrees of freedom of the battery pack 200 by stages and mechanisms is fulfilled. Through the structure arrangement, the battery bracket 100 can completely fix the battery pack 200, and meanwhile, the connection mode of the battery pack 200 and the battery bracket 100 is simplified, so that the purpose of improving the convenience of dismounting and mounting the battery pack 200 relative to the battery bracket 100 is achieved.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the first limiting unit 14 is disposed on the side walls 11 at two sides of the bracket body, so as to limit the X direction of the battery pack 200 after the battery pack 200 enters the bracket body, and by disposing the first limiting unit 14 on the side walls 11 of the bracket body, the capability of the first limiting unit 14 in limiting the X direction of the battery pack 200 can be improved. Specifically, the first stopper unit 14 includes a plurality of side rollers 141, and the side rollers 141 are respectively in contact with side surfaces of the battery pack 200 and can roll relative to each other. The side rollers 141 limit the degree of freedom of the battery pack 200 in the X direction by rolling contact, thereby reducing the resistance of the stopper structure 202 to the movement of the battery pack 200 in the holder body while restricting the movement of the battery pack 200 in the X direction. In this embodiment, the side rollers 141 are arranged along the Y direction, specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the side rollers 141 are installed in the grooves 11a of the side walls 11, and the side rollers 141 close to the channel 100a of the tray body are arranged at a higher density, so as to provide multi-point support when the battery pack 200 enters and exits the tray body, so that the battery pack 200 can be rapidly adjusted in posture when entering and exiting the tray body, and the purpose of smooth entering and exiting is achieved; the side rollers 141 on the side of the channel 100a away from the bracket body (i.e., on the side close to the end plate 13 of the bracket body) are arranged less densely, and only need to provide a minimum of guidance and limitation.

The layout scheme of the side rollers 141 can reasonably reduce the total number of the side rollers 141, so that the obstruction of the side rollers 141 to the movement of the battery pack 200 when the battery pack 200 is limited and guided is reduced on the premise of limiting the degree of freedom in the X direction of the battery pack 200.

The second limiting unit 15 is disposed on the tray bottom plate 12 of the tray body, and in this embodiment, the second limiting unit 15 is used for limiting the downward direction of the battery pack 200 in the Z direction, and simultaneously, the purpose of carrying the battery pack 200 by the tray bottom plate 12 is achieved. As shown in fig. 4, the second limiting unit 15 includes a plurality of bottom rollers 151, the bottom rollers 151 are uniformly arranged on the tray bottom plate 12 of the tray body along the Y-direction, and the purpose of limiting the downward direction of the battery pack 200 in the Z-direction is achieved by rolling contact with the bottom surface of the battery pack 200, and on this basis, the resistance of the limiting structure 202 to the movement of the battery pack 200 in the tray body can be reduced.

Specifically, the bottom rollers 151 form a plurality of rows of roller units 152 along the Y direction, and four rows of roller units 152 are respectively disposed on the tray bottom plate 12, specifically, two rows of roller units respectively located at two side edges of the tray bottom plate 12 along the X direction, and two rows of roller units disposed in parallel at the middle position of the tray bottom plate 12. Through the layout, the total weight of the battery pack 200 can be dispersed at different positions of the bracket bottom plate 12 through the bottom rollers 151, so as to avoid the influence of local stress on the reliability of the second limiting unit 15 in limiting the battery pack 200 in the downward direction along the Z direction.

Wherein, a plurality of rows of roller mounting seats 121 corresponding to the roller units 152 are formed on the tray bottom plate 12, the bottom rollers 151 of the roller units 152 are respectively disposed on the roller mounting seats 121, and with this structural arrangement, the upper ends of the bottom rollers 151 are higher than the surface of the tray bottom plate 12, so that the bottom rollers 151 can contact the battery pack 200 and bear the weight of the battery pack 200, and meanwhile, the bottom rollers 151 are accommodated inside the tray bottom plate 12 to protect the bottom rollers 151 through the tray bottom plate 12.

The tray base 12 is further provided with a base cover 122 between the plurality of rows of roller units 152, and the surface of the base cover 122 is punched with uniformly distributed convex surfaces to improve the strength of the base cover 122. The bottom cover 122 covers only the frame structure of the tray bottom 12 between the two rows of roller units 152 and does not contact the bottom surface of the battery pack 200.

In this embodiment, the third limiting unit 16 is used for limiting the Z-direction upward direction of the battery pack 200, as shown in fig. 6, the third limiting unit 16 is disposed at two side positions of the bracket body, so that the third limiting unit 16 can limit the side surface of the battery pack 200, and the bracket body is favorable for limiting the Z-direction upward direction of the battery pack 200.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the third limiting unit 16 is located at the entrance of the channel 100a, and is used for limiting contact with a limiting structure 202 provided on the side surface of the battery pack 200 to limit the degree of freedom of the battery pack 200 in the Z-direction upward direction. Specifically, the third limiting unit 16 is a limiting block 161, a limiting structure 202 corresponding to the limiting block 161 is disposed on a side surface 200a of the battery pack 200 near the outer side, and a lower surface 161a of the limiting block 161 is in contact with an upper surface 202a of the limiting structure 202 disposed on the battery pack 200. After the battery pack 200 having the stopper structure 202 is moved into the holder body, the degree of freedom in the upward direction of the battery pack 200Z is restricted by contact with the third stopper unit 16.

As shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment, the battery bracket 100 further includes a Z-direction upward limiting unit 17 disposed at an entrance end position of the bracket body, and the Z-direction upward limiting unit 17 is configured to limit movement of the battery pack 200 relative to the battery bracket 100 in a vertical upward direction (i.e., a Z-direction upward direction), so as to improve a limiting capability of the bracket body on the outlet end side of the battery pack 200 in the Z-direction upward direction, effectively reduce movement and impact of the battery pack 200 relative to the battery bracket 100 during driving of the vehicle, and reduce structural wear.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the Z-direction upward limiting unit 17 is a buckle installed at the side of the channel 100a of the battery bracket 100, and the buckle is used for cooperating with a hook 205 arranged on the surface of the battery pack 200, so as to limit the battery pack 200 in the Z-direction upward direction by the Z-direction upward limiting unit 17 during the process that the battery pack 200 moves into the battery bracket 100.

In this embodiment, the first limiting unit 14, the second limiting unit 15, the third limiting unit 16, and the Z-direction upward limiting unit 17 cooperate together to limit the battery pack 200 moved into the bracket body together, and after the battery pack 200 is locked by the locking mechanism 20, the battery pack 200 can be reliably fixed relative to the bracket body at all positions, so that the stability and reliability of the vehicle mounted with the battery bracket 100 and the battery pack 200 during the driving process are improved, and a potential vibration source is eliminated.

Here, since the locking mechanism 20 is provided on the end plate 13 side of the bracket body, the third stopper unit 16 and the Z-direction upward stopper unit 17 are both provided on the entrance and exit side of the bracket body so as to be disposed away from the locking mechanism 20, so that the side of the battery pack 200 away from the locking mechanism 20 can be effectively fixed when locked.

In addition, as shown in fig. 2, two buckles of the Z-direction upward limiting unit 17 are arranged at an interval on the inlet and outlet side of the bracket body in the present embodiment, so as to improve the fixing reliability and firmness between the middle position of the battery pack 200 and the battery bracket 100 when the length of the battery pack 200 is long. In other embodiments, the number of the Z-direction upward limiting units 17 may be larger, so as to further improve the ability of the battery bracket 100 to limit the battery pack 200 in the Z-direction.

In the present embodiment, when the battery pack 200 passes through the position-limiting position during the movement into the tray body, as shown in fig. 8, when the battery pack 200 is located at a position other than the position-limiting position, the tray body limits the Z-direction downward direction of the battery pack 200 by the second position-limiting unit 15, and at this time, the third position-limiting unit 16 does not function. As shown in fig. 9, when the battery pack 200 continues to move into and within the limit position, the third limit unit 16 of the tray body also comes into action to limit the Z-direction upward direction of the battery pack 200. That is to say, in the process that the battery pack 200 advances out of the bracket body, when the battery pack 200 is located outside the limit position, the bracket body only limits the downward direction of the Z direction of the battery pack 200, so that the battery pack 200 advances out of the bracket body, when the battery pack 200 moves to the limit position of the bracket body, the bracket body limits the upward direction of the Z direction of the battery pack 200, the position accuracy of the bracket body in the bracket body is ensured, and the accuracy and the firmness of fixing the battery pack 200 by the locking mechanism 20 are improved.

As shown in fig. 10, when the battery pack 200 is located within the limit position, the battery pack 200 can move further inward and move into the lock position, and when the battery pack 200 is located in the lock position, the lock mechanism 20 can lock the battery pack 200. Therefore, when the locking mechanism 20 locks the battery pack 200, the battery pack 200 is located in the holder body and is in the locked position, so that the consistency of the position of the battery pack 200 with respect to the holder body when the locking mechanism 20 locks the battery pack 200 is ensured.

That is, with the above-described configuration, when the battery pack 200 is continuously attached to and detached from the battery carrier 100, the consistency of the relative positions between the battery pack 200 and the carrier body can be improved, the actual position where the battery pack 200 is fixed to the carrier body can be accurate, and the accuracy of electrical connection between the battery pack 200 and the carrier body can be improved.

In addition, in the embodiment, in the process that the battery pack 200 enters the bracket body, the battery pack 200 firstly passes through the limiting position and then passes through the locking position, so that the battery pack 200 can be limited in the upward direction in the Z direction and then reaches the locking position, when the locking mechanism 20 locks the battery pack 200, the position accuracy of the battery pack 200 relative to the bracket body is improved, and the success rate of locking the battery pack 200 by the locking mechanism 20 is further improved. Of course, in other embodiments, the battery pack 200 may pass through the locking position and then the limiting position, or the battery pack 200 may pass through the limiting position and the locking position at the same time.

Of course, although the bracket body in this embodiment respectively limits the degrees of freedom in the X direction and the Z direction of the battery pack 200 through the first limiting unit 14, the second limiting unit 15 and the third limiting unit 16 disposed at different positions, this is only a preferred implementation of the present invention. In other embodiments, the degrees of freedom in the X direction and the Z direction of the battery pack 200 may also be limited by different parts of a single limiting unit, and the specific scheme is not described herein again.

In this embodiment, the locking positions specifically include a first locking position and a second locking position, when the battery pack 200 is located at the first locking position, the locking mechanism 20 can lock the battery pack 200, and meanwhile, in the process of locking the battery pack 200, the locking mechanism 20 can also drive the battery pack 200 to move to the second locking position, so that the purpose of driving the battery pack 200 to move a distance is achieved while the battery pack 200 is locked by the locking mechanism 20.

In the embodiment, the purpose of driving the battery pack 200 to move for a certain distance when the battery pack 200 is locked by the locking mechanism 20 is achieved, so that the battery pack 200 is driven to move by the locking mechanism 20, and the purpose of inserting the electrical connection socket 203 on the battery pack 200 into the electrical connection plug 19 on the bracket body is achieved. In addition, the locking mechanism 20 is used for realizing the electrical connection between the battery pack 200 and the battery bracket 100, so that the reliability of the electrical connection between the battery pack 200 and the electric vehicle can be effectively improved, and the situation that the electrical connection socket 203 on the battery pack 200 and the electrical connection plug 19 on the bracket body are relatively separated in the driving process of the electric vehicle is avoided.

Wherein, to locking mechanism 20 when the locking battery, can also drive battery package 200 along the scheme of a distance of Y to removing, provides a preferred implementation structure in this embodiment:

as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 11, the locking mechanism 20 in this embodiment includes a plug-in rotating shaft 22 and a rotating plug-in 21 connected to the plug-in rotating shaft 22, the plug-in rotating shaft 22 is disposed on the end plate 13 of the bracket body and is driven by an external mechanism to rotate, so as to drive the rotating plug-in 21 to rotate relative to the bracket body.

As shown in fig. 12 and 13, the battery pack 200 is provided with the stoppers 201 on the back plate 200b side, the number of the stoppers 201 is the same as that of the rotating inserts 21, the positions of the stoppers 201 on the back plate 200b of the battery pack 200 correspond to the rotating inserts 21 one by one, and the stoppers are respectively used for engaging with the rotating inserts 21, and the stoppers 201 are provided with receiving cavities 201a for receiving the rotating inserts 21 when the rotating inserts 21 rotate.

As shown in fig. 14, when the battery pack 200 is located at the first locking position in the cradle body, the rotary insert 21 is located in the accommodating cavity 201a of the stopper 201, at this time, the rotary insert 21 rotates clockwise due to the rotation of the insert rotating shaft 22 to apply a pulling force to the stopper 201 by contacting with the stopper 201, so that the battery pack 200 moves to the second locking position under the action of the pulling force, and when the battery pack 200 moves to the second locking position, the battery pack 200 abuts against the end plate 13 of the cradle body to limit the freedom of movement of the battery pack 200 in the Y direction by the rotary insert 21 of the locking mechanism 20, thereby achieving the purpose that the locking mechanism 20 locks the battery pack 200 and pulls the battery pack 200 to move for a distance.

The locking mechanism 20 is disposed on the end plate 13 of the bracket body, and is intended to be disposed as close to the electrical connection plug 19 as possible, so as to improve the reliability of completing the electrical connection of the battery pack 200. Meanwhile, the distance for transmitting the pulling force to the electric connection plug 19 is reduced, and the stress load of the shell frame of the battery pack 200 is further reduced.

As can be seen from fig. 11 and 13, when the rotary insert 21 locks the stopper 201 provided on the battery pack 200, the rotary insert 21 also simultaneously restricts the Z-direction of the battery pack 200, so as to improve the stability in the Z-direction when the battery pack 200 is fixed to the battery bracket 100. Meanwhile, under the condition that the locking mechanism 20 and the second limiting unit 15 and the third limiting unit 16 on the bracket body limit the Z direction of the battery pack 200 together, the structural tolerance of the second limiting unit 15 and the third limiting unit 16 on the Z direction limit of the battery pack 200 does not need to be small, so that the difficulty of the battery pack 200 entering the bracket body along the Y direction can be reduced.

When the locking mechanism 20 needs to unlock the battery pack 200, the rotary insert 21 only needs to be rotated in the counterclockwise direction.

As shown in fig. 2, a plurality of cushions 40 are further provided on the surface of the end plate 13 of the bracket body. The buffer pads 40 are specifically a plurality of rubber blocks in a cubic shape, one end of each buffer pad 40 is fixed on the end plate 13, and the other end of each buffer pad 40 is used for contacting with the surface of the battery pack 200 after the battery pack 200 is fixed on the battery bracket 100, so that the purpose of buffering and damping is achieved.

After the cushion pad 40 is arranged, when the automobile mounted with the battery bracket 100 is in a driving process, the cushion pad 40 can buffer the movement and impact of the battery pack 200 relative to the battery bracket 100, thereby effectively avoiding rigid collision between the battery pack 200 and the battery bracket 100 and relieving the problem of structural wear of the battery bracket 100.

In the present embodiment, the cushion pads 40 are disposed close to the locking mechanisms 20, and two cushion pads 40 are disposed near each locking mechanism 20.

As shown in fig. 15 and 16, the battery tray 100 further includes an unlocking mechanism 30, the unlocking mechanism 30 is disposed on the lower surface of the tray bottom plate 12, both ends of the unlocking mechanism 30 have an unlocking input member 31 and an unlocking output member 33, and the unlocking mechanism 30 further includes a transmission unit 32 connected to the unlocking input member 31 and the unlocking output member 33, respectively.

The unlocking input member 31 is used for interfacing with an unlocking driving unit (not shown) located outside the battery tray 100, so that power of the unlocking driving unit can be input to the unlocking input member 31, and the unlocking output member 33 is driven to rotate by the locking driving unit.

Then, under the driving action of the transmission unit 32, the rotational movement of the unlocking output member 33 is converted into movement along the Y direction by the transmission unit 32, and is transmitted to the unlocking output member 33, so that when the unlocking output member 33 is connected with the locking mechanism 20, a displacement is input to the plug-in rotating shaft 22 of the locking mechanism 20, so as to achieve the purpose of rotating the plug-in rotating shaft 22, and further, the locking mechanism 20 is driven to move and unlock (or lock) the battery pack 200.

Specifically, the transmission unit 32 in this embodiment is a screw and nut mechanism, wherein the screw portion 32a is connected to the unlocking input member 31 and is driven by the unlocking input member 31 to rotate, and the nut portion 32b is connected to the unlocking output member 33 and is driven by the screw portion 32a to drive the unlocking output member 33 to move along the Y direction, and further transmit the above position to the plug-in rotating shaft 22 of the locking mechanism 20. Meanwhile, the nut portion 32b has a self-locking function with respect to the screw portion 32a, and therefore, when the screw portion 32a is not rotated, the nut portion 32b is not displaced by other external forces. That is, with the unlocking mechanism 30 of the present embodiment, it is not necessary to provide a positioning pin or the like to lock the state of the unlocking mechanism 30.

In other embodiments, the transmission unit may also adopt other mechanisms such as gears, racks and the like which can convert axial rotation into horizontal movement.

As shown in fig. 5, the unlocking mechanism 30 is further provided with an unlocking sleeve 311, the unlocking sleeve 311 is installed at the end position 1 of the unlocking input member 31 for being abutted with an unlocking driving portion located outside, the end portion of the unlocking sleeve 311 for abutting against the unlocking driving portion has an inclined annular guide inclined surface 311a, and the inclined surface 311a can guide the unlocking driving portion to be accurately abutted against the unlocking input member 31, so as to improve the reliability and success rate of abutting the unlocking driving portion with the unlocking input member 31, and when the unlocking driving portion is in a small position error relative to the unlocking input member 31, successful abutting can be achieved through the unlocking sleeve 311.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, one end of the unlocking input member 31 having the unlocking sleeve 311 is disposed on the side of the inlet side of the channel 100a of the bracket body, and this layout is for enabling an external unlocking driving portion to be mounted on the battery replacing apparatus, so that the purpose of docking the unlocking driving portion with the unlocking input member 31 is achieved in the process of taking and placing the battery pack 200 from and into the battery bracket 100 by the battery replacing apparatus.

The unlocking driving part in this embodiment may be a rotating motor because a rotational motion needs to be input to the unlocking input member 31, and an unlocking driving member is disposed on a rotating shaft of the rotating motor to be in butt joint with the unlocking sleeve 311 and to realize input of a rotational displacement. Of course, the unlocking drive can also be any mechanism capable of performing a rotational movement as is known in the art.

As shown in fig. 16 and 17, the unlocking mechanism 30 further includes a link unit 34, one end of the link unit 34 is directly connected to the plug-in rotation shaft 22 of the locking mechanism 20 and extends from the rear side of the end plate 13 of the tray body, and the other end of the link unit 34 is connected to the unlocking input member 31, and the link unit 34 is provided to transmit the movement of the unlocking input member 31 to the plug-in rotation shaft 22 of the locking mechanism 20 and to move the rotary plug-in member 21 of the locking mechanism 20 to unlock the battery pack 200. By arranging the link unit 34 at a position where the unlocking mechanism 30 is directly connected to the locking mechanism 20, the Y-directional displacement of the unlocking mechanism 30 can be transmitted to the locking mechanism 20, and the purpose of driving the card rotating shaft 22 to rotate is achieved. Therefore, the link unit 34 can avoid the locking mechanism 20 from being locked due to the limited degree of freedom, so as to improve the reliability of the unlocking mechanism 30 for unlocking the battery pack 200. The link structure belongs to a displacement transmission means commonly used in the prior art, and the structure of the link unit 34 in this embodiment is shown in fig. 17, which is not described herein again.

In addition, as shown in fig. 18, in the present embodiment, a hall sensor 50 is further provided on the bracket body, and the hall sensor 50 is specifically provided outside the end plate 13 of the bracket body, with a probe end of the sensor being provided toward the link unit 34. The surface of the link unit 34 corresponding to the sensor probe is provided with the magnet 501 to approach the probe end through the magnet 501, so that the hall sensor 50 generates a signal, and therefore, the battery carrier 100 is provided with the hall sensor 50 to detect the position state of the link unit 34, and is used as a basis for judging whether the locking mechanism 20 locks or unlocks the battery pack 200, so as to improve the reliability and timeliness of the battery carrier 100 in monitoring the locking state of the battery pack 200.

The tray body further includes a retaining mechanism 18, and the retaining mechanism 18 prevents the battery pack 200 from being accidentally removed from the tray body when the battery pack 200 is in the tray body but not yet fully secured by restricting the battery pack 200 from being removed from the battery tray 100 through the passage 100a of the tray body after the battery pack 200 is moved into the battery tray 100 in the Y direction.

Specifically, the present embodiment provides a preferable specific structural solution of the anti-disengaging mechanism 18, as shown in fig. 19, the anti-disengaging mechanism 18 in the present embodiment is disposed on the bracket bottom plate 12 of the bracket body, and specifically includes a driving member 181 and an anti-disengaging member 182, and a terminal 182a of the anti-disengaging member 182 abuts against a corresponding structure of the battery pack 200 to prevent the battery pack 200 from disengaging from the bracket body. The driving unit 181 drives the anti-slip unit 182 to rotate, and the anti-slip unit 182 is switched between a hidden state and an anti-slip state by rotating. The connection mode of the driving element 181 and the anti-dropping element 182 is as follows: one end of the driving member 181 abuts against the groove 182b of the anti-slip member 182 to push the anti-slip member 182 to turn along its own rotation axis, so that the end 182a is lower than the upper surface of the bracket body. In the present embodiment, the driving member 181 is a push rod, but in other embodiments, the driving member 181 may have other configurations such as a push block, and the anti-slip member 182 may have other limit structures capable of limiting the battery pack 200 from slipping out of the tray body in the Y direction.

The anti-release mechanism further includes a restoring member, configured to drive the anti-release member 182 to restore to the hidden state without being subjected to an external force, where the restoring member may be a torsion spring or another structure capable of restoring elastic deformation, and the restoring member in this embodiment is a torsion spring 183 disposed on a rotating shaft of the anti-release member 182, and due to the action of the torsion spring 183, the anti-release member 182 can be kept in the anti-release state (i.e., the state shown in fig. 20) without being subjected to other external forces (including thrust from the driving member 181). In this state, the end 182a of the retaining member 182 abuts against the corresponding structure of the battery pack 200 to prevent the battery pack 200 from being separated from the bracket in the Y direction. Specifically, a matching portion 204 (see fig. 21) is provided at the bottom of the battery pack 200, and the matching portion 204 is a groove structure formed at the bottom of the battery pack 200, and the shape of the groove structure is consistent with the shape of the end of the anti-falling member 182, so as to limit the anti-falling member 182 from rotating toward the hidden state when the anti-falling member 182 is placed in the matching portion 204, and achieve the anti-falling purpose.

When the external power exchanging apparatus is to take out the battery pack 200, the battery tray on the power exchanging apparatus moves in a direction approaching the battery bracket 100, and pushes the driving member 181 to move in the Y direction toward the inner side of the bracket bottom plate 12, and the anti-falling member 182 is switched and held in the hidden state (i.e., the state shown in fig. 21) against the urging force of the torsion spring 183 by the urging force. In this state, the tip 182a of the retaining member 182 moves in the direction of the tray bottom plate 12 to release the position restriction of the battery pack 200, so that the battery pack 200 can move in the Y direction relative to the tray body without being restricted by the retaining member 182. After the battery replacement device takes out the battery, the battery tray is separated from the battery bracket 100, so that the anti-falling piece 182 returns to the anti-falling state (i.e., the state shown in fig. 20) under the action of the torsion spring 183.

The anti-separation mechanism 18 provided in this embodiment uses the battery bracket 100 of the battery replacement device as input power to drive the anti-separation member 182 of the anti-separation mechanism 18 to switch between the concealed state and the anti-separation state. Therefore, when the battery replacing device replaces the battery with respect to the battery bracket 100, the anti-falling part 182 is in a hidden state, so that the battery pack 200 can move along the Y direction freely with respect to the bracket body, and after the battery replacing device finishes replacing the battery and leaves, the anti-falling part 182 is in an anti-falling state, so that the battery pack 200 is prevented from being separated from the battery bracket 100 along the Y direction.

The present embodiment further provides an electric vehicle, as shown in fig. 22, the chassis portion of the vehicle body 5 of the electric vehicle includes a left side member 51 and a right side member 52 which are arranged in parallel, two battery brackets 100 are respectively arranged at the outer sides of the left side member 51 and the right side member 52, and a channel 100a for the battery pack 200 to enter and exit on the battery bracket 100 is arranged outward (i.e. in the Y direction in the figure) for the battery pack 200 to be mounted at the lower position of the vehicle body 5 from both sides of the vehicle body 5. The battery bracket 100 is fixedly connected with the chassis through a fastener, so that the stability of the battery bracket 100 when the battery bracket 100 is installed on the electric automobile is ensured, and the battery bracket 100 is prevented from generating relative vibration when the electric automobile runs, and the reliability of the electrical connection between the battery bracket 100 and the battery pack 200 is prevented from being influenced.

In addition, a floor cross member 123 is installed below the bracket bottom plate 12 of the bracket body of the battery bracket 100, and the floor cross members 123 of the two battery brackets 100 are integrally formed, so that the integrated floor cross member 123 can be fixed to the lower side surfaces of the left and

right side members

51 and 52, and the fixing stability of the battery bracket 100 to the vehicle body 5 is further improved.

Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that this is by way of example only and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and the principles of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery carrier for carrying and locking a battery pack on an electric vehicle, comprising:

2. The battery carrier as set forth in claim 1, wherein the carrier body limits a Z-direction downward direction of the battery pack when the battery pack is put into and taken out of the carrier body;

3. The battery carrier as set forth in claim 2, wherein said battery pack is in a locked position when said locking mechanism locks said battery pack.

4. The battery carrier as set forth in claim 3, wherein said battery pack passes through said limit position and said lock position in sequence during entry of said battery pack into said carrier body in the Y-direction.

5. The battery carrier as set forth in claim 3, wherein said locking positions include a first locking position and a second locking position, and when said battery pack is in the first locking position, said locking mechanism locks said battery pack and moves said battery pack to the second locking position.

6. The battery tray according to claim 5, wherein the tray body has an electrical connection plug for interfacing with an electrical connection socket of the battery pack in the Y-direction.

7. The battery carrier as in claim 6, wherein the electrical connection socket of the battery pack is received by the electrical connection plug in a direction from the first locked position to the second locked position;

8. The battery carrier as set forth in claim 1, wherein said locking mechanism also limits the Z-direction of said battery pack when said locking mechanism locks said battery pack.

9. The battery carrier as set forth in claim 1, wherein said carrier body has:

the battery pack limiting device comprises a first limiting unit, wherein the first limiting unit is used for limiting the X direction of the battery pack, and the first limiting unit is arranged on two sides of the bracket body.

10. The battery carriage as recited in claim 9, wherein the first stopper unit includes at least one side roller, the side roller being arranged in the Y direction.

11. The battery carrier as claimed in claim 10, wherein the side roller is mounted to a side wall of the carrier body by a hinge shaft extending in a vertical direction, the side wall having a recess for receiving the hinge shaft and the side roller.

12. The battery carrier as set forth in claim 2, wherein said carrier body has:

13. The battery carrier as defined in claim 12, wherein said third limiting unit is located at an entrance of said channel.

14. The battery carrier as claimed in claim 13, wherein the third stopper unit is a stopper fixed to a sidewall surface of the carrier body.

15. The battery carrier as defined in claim 5, wherein said locking mechanism includes a rotating insert provided on said carrier body and rotatable relative to said carrier body;

16. The battery carrier as in claim 15, wherein the locking mechanism applies a pulling force to the retainer by rotation of the rotatable insert to move the battery pack to the second locked position.

17. The battery carrier as defined in claim 5, wherein said locking mechanism is provided on an end plate surface of said carrier body.

18. The battery carrier as defined in claim 17, wherein the end plate surface of the carrier body is provided with a cushion pad.

19. The battery carrier as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an unlocking mechanism having an unlocking input member and an unlocking output member, wherein the unlocking input member is connected to the unlocking driving portion and drives the unlocking output member to rotate under the driving of the unlocking driving portion, and the unlocking output member is connected to the locking mechanism and drives the locking mechanism to move to unlock the battery pack.

20. The battery carrier as in claim 19, wherein said unlocking input is disposed on an inlet side of said channel.

21. The battery carriage as recited in claim 19, wherein the unlocking mechanism comprises a transmission unit having both ends connected to the unlocking input member and the unlocking output member, respectively.

22. The battery carriage of claim 21, wherein the unlocking mechanism further comprises a link unit, one end of the link unit is directly connected to the locking mechanism, the other end of the link unit is connected to the unlocking input member, and the link unit transmits the movement of the unlocking input member to the locking mechanism and moves the locking mechanism to unlock the battery pack.

23. The battery carrier as defined in claim 1, wherein the carrier body further comprises a hall sensor for detecting a locked state of the locking mechanism.

24. The battery carrier as set forth in claim 1, wherein said carrier body further includes a disengagement prevention mechanism for restricting disengagement of said battery pack from said battery carrier.

25. The battery carrier as defined in claim 24, wherein the retaining mechanism includes a driving member for driving the retaining member to switch between the concealed state and the retaining state, and a retaining member.

26. The battery carrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inlet and outlet end of the carrier body is provided with a Z-direction upward limiting unit for limiting movement of the battery pack in a vertically upward direction with respect to the battery carrier.

27. The battery holder according to claim 26, wherein the Z-direction upward limiting unit is a buckle for engaging with a hook provided on the outer shell of the battery pack.

28. An electric vehicle, characterized in that it comprises a battery carrier according to any one of claims 1-27.