CN212671674U - Automatic hydraulic locking device for toothed wedge block of blowout preventer - Google Patents

Automatic hydraulic locking device for toothed wedge block of blowout preventer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN212671674U
CN212671674U CN202021129170.7U CN202021129170U CN212671674U CN 212671674 U CN212671674 U CN 212671674U CN 202021129170 U CN202021129170 U CN 202021129170U CN 212671674 U CN212671674 U CN 212671674U
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China
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tooth
locking
cylinder
shaped wedge
shaped
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CN202021129170.7U
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Inventor
王庆禄
李永信
路斌
唐建华
吴占伟
李俊
付兴旺
高章迎
耿艳东
张艳哲
郭瑞娇
王将宁
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Hebei Bolu Tianbao Petroleum Well Control Equipment Co ltd
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Hebei Bolu Tianbao Petroleum Equipment Manufacturing Co ltd
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Abstract

The utility model relates to an automatic locking device of profile of tooth voussoir hydraulic pressure of preventer belongs to oil equipment technical field, including flashboard axle and the supporting piston assembly of setting in the pneumatic cylinder, the key lies in: the hydraulic cylinder barrel is connected with a locking cylinder, the tail end of the flashboard shaft is connected with an outer piston, and the limiting end of the outer piston is positioned in the hydraulic cylinder barrel and is limited on the end face of the locking cylinder; the locking end of the outer piston extends into the locking cylinder, an inner piston, a tooth-shaped wedge sleeve and a tooth-shaped wedge block are arranged in an inner cavity of the locking end, and the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve is sleeved on a piston rod of the inner piston and has freedom degree of moving along the axial direction of the piston rod; the tooth-shaped wedge block is limited in the guide through hole on the locking end of the outer piston, and the tooth-shaped inclined plane of the tooth-shaped wedge block is matched with the tooth-shaped inclined plane of the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve; by means of the pushing of the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve, the tooth-shaped wedge block floats in the radial direction and is positioned on the inner wall of the locking cylinder in a friction mode to form an automatic locking structure. Can be completely self-locked, is convenient to operate, reduces the labor intensity and improves the working efficiency.

Description

Automatic hydraulic locking device for toothed wedge block of blowout preventer
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the oil equipment, relate to flashboard preventer, to in concretely relates to flashboard preventer
A device for locking the flashboard shaft and the flashboard.
Background
Ram preventers are important drilling passage equipment related to safety in oil drilling and workover operations. After the ram plates of the ram plate blowout preventer are closed through hydraulic pressure, the ram plates need to be kept at fixed positions for a relatively long period of time, but under the action of wellhead pressure, the sealing effect of the ram plate blowout preventer can be influenced if the ram plates are not locked, and even oil and gas in a well are leaked out, and the well plugging fails. Therefore, in order to make the well sealing work of the blowout preventer safer and more effective, the ram also needs to be mechanically locked. The blowout preventer has the requirements on a locking device that the locking is reliable and the unlocking is easy. During locking, generally lock the flashboard axle, and the locking mode has two kinds manual locking and hydraulic locking, and manual locking is trapezoidal thread structure, will realize locking, and the number of turns that need manual rotatory locking lead screw is more, and intensity of labour is big, and is not too suitable for the limited occasion in space such as marine drilling platform and uses, and hydraulic locking can realize automatic locking, is comparatively advanced locking mode.
At present, hydraulic locking devices of blowout preventers produced at home and abroad are mainly wedge rods or wedge blocks. The existing wedge rod or wedge block type is used for pushing the wedge rod or wedge block to reciprocate by hydraulic pressure, and then the wedge rod or wedge block is matched with an inclined plane at the tail end of a flashboard shaft so as to lock or unlock the flashboard shaft. For reliable locking, the wedge rod has small inclination, long stroke, complex integral structure, large structural size, difficult unlocking and large abrasion of the locking surface. The wedge type locking device is easy to have the problems that the locking cannot be realized, the unlocking is difficult to realize after the locking, and the like, and the overall structure of the blowout preventer is greatly changed.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model discloses a realize that the automation of preventer closing in-process is followed up locking and automatic unblock, simplify locking structure, add profile of tooth wedge formula locking structure on flashboard axle piston, locking part stroke is little, and area of contact is big, and is more safe and reliable, and locking, unblock are convenient.
The technical scheme of the utility model is that: the utility model provides an automatic locking device of profile of tooth voussoir hydraulic pressure of preventer, is including setting up flashboard axle and supporting piston assembly in the pneumatic cylinder, and the key lies in: the hydraulic cylinder barrel is connected with a locking cylinder, the tail end of the flashboard shaft is connected with an outer piston, and the limiting end of the outer piston is positioned in the hydraulic cylinder barrel and is limited on the end face of the locking cylinder; the locking end of the outer piston extends into the locking cylinder, an inner piston, a tooth-shaped wedge sleeve and a tooth-shaped wedge block are arranged in an inner cavity of the locking end, and the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve is sleeved on a piston rod of the inner piston and has freedom degree of moving along the axial direction of the piston rod; the tooth-shaped wedge block is limited in the guide through hole on the locking end of the outer piston, and the tooth-shaped inclined plane of the tooth-shaped wedge block is matched with the tooth-shaped inclined plane of the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve; by means of the pushing of the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve, the tooth-shaped wedge block floats in the radial direction and is positioned on the inner wall of the locking cylinder in a friction mode to form an automatic locking structure.
According to the automatic locking device, the outer piston has the freedom degree for driving the flashboard shaft to slide along the axial direction by means of pushing of hydraulic oil, the inner piston has the freedom degree for sliding in the outer piston by means of pushing of the hydraulic oil, and the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve has the freedom degree for sliding along the piston rod of the inner piston by means of pushing of the hydraulic oil. When the flashboard shaft, the outer piston, the tooth-shaped wedge block, the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve and the inner piston integrally travel along the axial direction until the flashboard is completely closed, the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve continues to move, and the tooth-shaped wedge block is pushed by the tooth-shaped inclined plane to move along the radial direction of the guide through hole, so that the tooth-shaped wedge block is positioned on the inner wall of the locking cylinder in a friction mode, and the flashboard shaft is automatically locked. The oil is supplied reversely, and the lock can be unlocked automatically. The inner piston is arranged to guide the movement of the wedge sleeve and play a role in sealing and buffering. By means of the tooth-shaped wedge block and the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve which are matched with the tooth-shaped inclined plane, the contact area is large, and the abrasion is not easy to occur. This automatic locking device will lock the jar external outside the pneumatic cylinder jar section of thick bamboo, and outer piston can dismantle with the flashboard axle and be connected, can the original preventer structure of make full use of, can be simple swift convert original manual locking mode into hydraulic pressure automatic locking mode, also can restore manual locking mode.
Furthermore, in order to realize the quick and reliable connection between the flashboard shaft and the outer piston, a lock sleeve is in threaded connection with the flashboard shaft, a clamping groove in the lock sleeve is connected with a connecting ring, and the connecting ring is fixedly connected to the limiting end of the outer piston by means of a bolt. The outer piston is fixedly connected with the connecting ring through a bolt, the connecting ring is connected with the lock sleeve in a clamping groove embedded mode, and the lock sleeve is tightly connected with the flashboard shaft through threads to form an integral connecting structure of the outer piston, the connecting ring, the lock sleeve and the flashboard shaft.
Furthermore, in order to facilitate the installation and the holding of the connecting ring on the lock sleeve, the connecting ring is designed to be a split structure, and the inner circumferential surface of the connecting ring and the outer circumferential surface of the lock sleeve are provided with a clamping block and a groove which are mutually embedded in a matched manner. The connecting ring and the lock sleeve are connected in an embedded mode through the rectangular clamping groove, axial movement is limited, relative rotation can be generated on the circumference, and the fact that the flashboard installed at the front end of the flashboard shaft is kept in a horizontal state is guaranteed.
Furthermore, a threaded through hole is formed in the radial direction of the lock sleeve, a set screw is arranged in the threaded through hole, and the set screw abuts against the flashboard shaft to form an anti-loosening structure. The set screw is used for fastening the flashboard shaft and the lock sleeve, so that relative rotation between the flashboard shaft and the lock sleeve is prevented, and a locking effect is achieved.
Furthermore, the tooth-shaped inclined planes of the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve and the tooth-shaped wedge block are distributed with convex teeth and tooth grooves which are mutually embedded. The convex teeth and the tooth grooves can increase the contact area of the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve and the tooth-shaped wedge block and increase the inclination of the tooth-shaped inclined plane, thereby reducing the stroke, and ensuring compact structure, wear resistance, reliable locking and convenient unlocking.
Furthermore, in order to increase the stress surface, at least three tooth-shaped wedge blocks are arranged, and tooth-shaped inclined surfaces in matched number are arranged on the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve.
Furthermore, in order to form a wedge type locking structure and realize reliable locking, the inner wall of the connecting end, connected with the cylinder barrel of the hydraulic cylinder, of the locking cylinder is provided with locking inclined planes matched with the number of the tooth-shaped wedge blocks, and the tooth-shaped wedge blocks are positioned on the locking inclined planes in a friction mode to form an automatic locking structure.
Furthermore, in order to seal the locking cylinder, a sealing plate and a cylinder cover are arranged at the free end of the locking cylinder, the cylinder cover is pressed outside the sealing plate, and a sealing ring is arranged between the sealing plate and the inner wall of the locking cylinder.
Furthermore, a display rod is arranged in the limiting hole of the sealing plate, the display rod slides and is limited in a display cylinder on the cylinder cover, one end of the display rod penetrates into the locking cylinder, and the other end of the display rod penetrates out of the cylinder cover. The display rod is used for displaying the opening and closing states of the ram of the blowout preventer. When the flashboard is closed, the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve also moves towards a closed position under the driving of hydraulic oil, and meanwhile, the display rod moves towards the inside of the locking cylinder under the driving of hydraulic oil, and the display rod indicates a closed state at the position. When the flashboard is opened, the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve is also driven by hydraulic pressure to move towards the opening position, and when the tail end of the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve is contacted with the end part of the display rod, the display rod is pushed to move outwards and stops at the opening position, and the display rod indicates the opening state at the position.
Furthermore, a guide groove is formed in the inner wall of the locking cylinder, a guide key is arranged in a key groove in the outer wall of the outer piston, and the guide key slides and is limited in the guide groove to form an axial guide structure for preventing the locking cylinder and the outer piston from rotating relatively. The locking cylinder and the outer piston are prevented from rotating relatively, the tooth-shaped wedge block is ensured to be accurate in position when walking to the locking inclined plane of the locking cylinder, and circumferential deviation is avoided.
The utility model has the advantages that: the automatic locking device is completely self-locked, can keep a locking state even under the conditions of hydraulic leakage, pipeline breakage and hydraulic oil pressure reduction, is safe and reliable, convenient to operate and novel in structure, can realize hydraulic automatic locking and hydraulic automatic unlocking, reduces labor intensity and improves working efficiency. 2. The automatic locking device has the advantages of compact structure, small locking stroke, large locking contact area, wear resistance, reliable locking and convenience in unlocking. 3. The blowout preventer has the advantages that the structure is simple, the change of the whole structure of the blowout preventer is small, the matching parts without the self-locking structure can be effectively utilized, the original manual locking mode can be simply and quickly converted into the hydraulic automatic locking mode, and the manual locking mode can also be restored. The production cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a locking structure of the locking device according to the embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the locking device in the embodiment when unlocked;
FIG. 3 is a view from A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a tooth-shaped wedge sleeve and a tooth-shaped wedge block and the matching of the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve and the tooth-shaped wedge block in the embodiment;
in the drawings, 1 represents a locking cylinder, 11 represents a locking slope, 12 represents a sealing plate, 13 represents a cylinder cover, 14 represents a display rod, 15 represents a guide groove, 16 represents a guide key, 2 represents an outer piston, 21 represents a guide through hole, 3 represents an inner piston, 31 represents a piston rod, 4 represents a toothed wedge, 5 represents a toothed wedge, 6 represents a cylinder tube of the hydraulic cylinder, 7 represents a shutter shaft, 8 represents a lock sleeve, 81 represents a threaded through hole, 82 represents a set screw, 9 represents a connecting ring, and 10 represents a convex tooth.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
A hydraulic automatic locking device of a toothed wedge block of a blowout preventer is disclosed, and the device is shown in figures 1, 2 and 3 and comprises a ram shaft 7 and a matched piston assembly which are arranged in a hydraulic cylinder barrel 6. The hydraulic cylinder barrel 6 is connected with a locking cylinder 1 through a bolt, the tail end of the flashboard shaft 7 is connected with an outer piston 2, and the outer piston 2 is connected with the flashboard shaft 7 through a lock sleeve 8 and a connecting ring 9. The flashboard shaft 7 is in threaded connection with the lock sleeve 8, the lock sleeve 8 is connected with the clamping groove of the connecting ring 9, and the connecting ring 9 is fixedly connected to the limiting end of the outer piston 2 through a bolt, so that the outer piston 2, the connecting ring 9, the lock sleeve 8 and the flashboard shaft 7 are integrally connected. The connecting ring 9 is of a stepped sleeve type structure and is designed in a split mode, and the inner circumferential surface of the connecting ring 9 and the outer circumferential surface of the lock sleeve 8 are provided with mutually embedded clamping blocks and grooves in a matching mode, so that axial movement is limited, relative rotation can be generated on the circumference, and the flashboard mounted at the front end of the flashboard shaft is guaranteed to be in a horizontal state. Along the radial of lock sleeve 8 is provided with screw through-hole 81, is provided with holding screw 82 in the screw through-hole 81, and holding screw 82 pushes up on flashboard axle 7, fastens flashboard axle 7 and lock sleeve 8, prevents to produce relative rotation between them, plays locking effect.
The limiting end of the outer piston 2 is positioned in the hydraulic cylinder barrel 6 and is limited on the end face of the locking cylinder 1. A sealing ring is arranged between the limiting end of the outer piston 2 and the hydraulic cylinder barrel 6, the end head of the locking cylinder 1 is inserted into the hydraulic cylinder barrel 6, and the sealing ring is arranged between the end head and the hydraulic cylinder barrel 6. The locking end of the outer piston 2 extends into the locking cylinder 1, and an inner piston 3, a tooth-shaped wedge sleeve 4 and a tooth-shaped wedge block 5 are arranged in the inner cavity of the locking end. The tooth-shaped wedge sleeve 4 is sleeved on a piston rod 31 of the inner piston 3 and has freedom degree of moving along the axial direction of the piston rod 31; the tooth-shaped wedge block 5 is limited in a guide through hole 21 on the locking end of the outer piston 2 and can float along the radial direction of the guide through hole 21. The tooth-shaped inclined plane of the tooth-shaped wedge block 5 is matched with the tooth-shaped inclined plane of the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve 4 to drive the tooth-shaped wedge block 5 to float in the radial direction. Referring to fig. 4, the tooth-shaped inclined planes of the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve 4 and the tooth-shaped wedge 5 are provided with convex teeth 10 and tooth grooves which are mutually embedded. At least three tooth-shaped wedge blocks 5 are arranged, and tooth-shaped inclined planes in matched number are arranged on the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve 4.
The inner wall of the connecting end of the locking cylinder 1 and the hydraulic cylinder barrel 6 is provided with locking inclined planes 11 matched with the tooth-shaped wedges 5 in quantity, the free end of the locking cylinder 1 is provided with a sealing plate 12 and a cylinder cover 13, the cylinder cover 13 is pressed outside the sealing plate 12, and a sealing ring is arranged between the sealing plate 12 and the inner wall of the locking cylinder 1. A display rod 14 is arranged in the limiting hole of the sealing plate 12, the display rod 14 is in a cross shape, the display rod 14 is limited in the display cylinder on the cylinder cover 13 in a sliding mode, one end of the display rod penetrates into the locking cylinder 1, and the other end of the display rod penetrates out of the cylinder cover 13. Sealing rings are arranged between the display rod 14 and the sealing plate 12 and the cylinder cover 13.
The inner wall of the locking cylinder 1 is provided with a guide groove 15, the key groove on the outer wall of the outer piston 2 is internally provided with a guide key 16, and the guide key 16 is limited in the guide groove 15 in a sliding manner to form an axial guide structure for preventing the locking cylinder 1 and the outer piston 2 from rotating relatively. The tooth-shaped wedge block 5 is ensured to be accurate in position when walking to the locking inclined plane 11 of the locking cylinder 1, and no offset on the circumference is generated.
The principle of the hydraulic automatic locking device for the toothed wedge block of the blowout preventer is as follows: the outer piston 2 drives the flashboard shaft 7 to axially slide by means of pushing of hydraulic oil, the inner piston 3 and the outer piston 2 relatively slide by means of pushing of hydraulic oil, the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve 4 and the inner piston 3 relatively slide by means of pushing of hydraulic oil, the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve 4 and the tooth-shaped inclined plane of the tooth-shaped wedge block 5 slide in a staggered mode, and when the flashboard is integrally moved to the completely closed state along the axial direction, the tooth-shaped wedge block 5 is located on the locking inclined plane 11 in a friction mode to form an automatic locking structure. The display rod can visually display the opening and closing states of the ram block of the blowout preventer. The hydraulic oil cylinder is completely self-locked, even if hydraulic pressure is leaked and the pressure of hydraulic oil is reduced, the locking state is kept, the hydraulic oil cylinder is completely reliable, automatic unlocking can be realized through reverse oil supply, and the unlocking is convenient.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides an automatic locking device of profile of tooth voussoir hydraulic pressure of preventer, is including setting up flashboard axle (7) and supporting piston assembly in pneumatic cylinder (6), its characterized in that: the hydraulic cylinder barrel (6) is connected with a locking cylinder (1), the tail end of the flashboard shaft (7) is connected with an outer piston (2), and the limiting end of the outer piston (2) is positioned in the hydraulic cylinder barrel (6) and is limited on the end face of the locking cylinder (1); the locking end of the outer piston (2) extends into the locking cylinder (1), an inner piston (3), a tooth-shaped wedge sleeve (4) and a tooth-shaped wedge block (5) are arranged in an inner cavity of the locking end, and the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve (4) is sleeved on a piston rod (31) of the inner piston (3) and has the freedom degree of axial movement along the piston rod (31); the tooth-shaped wedge block (5) is limited in a guide through hole (21) on the locking end of the outer piston (2), and the tooth-shaped inclined plane of the tooth-shaped wedge block is matched with the tooth-shaped inclined plane of the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve (4); by means of the pushing of the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve (4), the tooth-shaped wedge block (5) floats in the radial direction and is positioned on the inner wall of the locking cylinder (1) in a friction mode to form an automatic locking structure.
2. The hydraulic automatic locking device of a toothed wedge of a blowout preventer according to claim 1, wherein: the brake plate shaft (7) is in threaded connection with a lock sleeve (8), the lock sleeve (8) is provided with a clamping groove which is connected with a connecting ring (9), and the connecting ring (9) is fixedly connected to the limiting end of the outer piston (2) by means of a bolt.
3. The hydraulic automatic locking device of a toothed wedge of a blowout preventer according to claim 2, wherein: the connecting ring (9) is of a split structure, and the inner circumferential surface of the connecting ring (9) and the outer circumferential surface of the lock sleeve (8) are provided with mutually embedded clamping blocks and grooves in a matching manner to form an axial limiting structure.
4. The hydraulic automatic locking device of a toothed wedge of a blowout preventer according to claim 2, wherein: and a threaded through hole (81) is arranged along the radial direction of the lock sleeve (8), a set screw (82) is arranged in the threaded through hole (81), and the set screw (82) is propped against the flashboard shaft (7) to form a locking structure.
5. The hydraulic automatic locking device of a toothed wedge of a blowout preventer according to claim 1, wherein: the tooth-shaped inclined planes of the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve (4) and the tooth-shaped wedge block (5) are distributed with convex teeth (10) and tooth grooves which are mutually embedded.
6. The hydraulic automatic locking device of a toothed wedge of a blowout preventer according to claim 5, wherein: at least three tooth-shaped wedge blocks (5) are arranged, and tooth-shaped inclined planes in matched number are arranged on the tooth-shaped wedge sleeve (4).
7. The hydraulic automatic locking device of a toothed wedge of a blowout preventer according to claim 5, wherein: the inner wall of the connecting end of the locking cylinder (1) and the hydraulic cylinder barrel (6) is provided with locking inclined planes (11) matched with the tooth-shaped wedge blocks (5) in quantity, and the tooth-shaped wedge blocks (5) are positioned on the locking inclined planes (11) in a friction mode to form an automatic locking structure.
8. The hydraulic automatic locking device of a toothed wedge of a blowout preventer according to claim 1, wherein: the free end of the locking cylinder (1) is provided with a sealing plate (12) and a cylinder cover (13), the cylinder cover (13) is pressed outside the sealing plate (12), and a sealing ring is arranged between the sealing plate (12) and the inner wall of the locking cylinder (1).
9. The hydraulic automatic locking device of a toothed wedge of a blowout preventer of claim 8, wherein: a display rod (14) is arranged in the limiting hole of the sealing plate (12), the display rod (14) is limited in the display cylinder on the cylinder cover (13) in a sliding mode, one end of the display rod penetrates into the locking cylinder (1), and the other end of the display rod penetrates out of the cylinder cover (13).
10. The hydraulic automatic locking device of a toothed wedge of a blowout preventer according to claim 9, wherein: the inner wall of the locking cylinder (1) is provided with a guide groove (15), a guide key (16) is arranged in a key groove in the outer wall of the outer piston (2), and the guide key (16) slides and is limited in the guide groove (15) to form an axial guide structure for preventing the locking cylinder (1) and the outer piston (2) from rotating relatively.
CN202021129170.7U 2020-06-18 2020-06-18 Automatic hydraulic locking device for toothed wedge block of blowout preventer Active CN212671674U (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202021129170.7U CN212671674U (en) 2020-06-18 2020-06-18 Automatic hydraulic locking device for toothed wedge block of blowout preventer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202021129170.7U CN212671674U (en) 2020-06-18 2020-06-18 Automatic hydraulic locking device for toothed wedge block of blowout preventer

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN212671674U true CN212671674U (en) 2021-03-09

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202021129170.7U Active CN212671674U (en) 2020-06-18 2020-06-18 Automatic hydraulic locking device for toothed wedge block of blowout preventer

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114871732A (en) * 2022-06-09 2022-08-09 安庆中船柴油机有限公司 Press mounting structure for copper bush of oil sprayer of cylinder cover of diesel engine

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114871732A (en) * 2022-06-09 2022-08-09 安庆中船柴油机有限公司 Press mounting structure for copper bush of oil sprayer of cylinder cover of diesel engine
CN114871732B (en) * 2022-06-09 2023-04-25 安庆中船柴油机有限公司 Press-fitting structure of copper bush of diesel engine cylinder cover oil sprayer

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Effective date of registration: 20240220

Address after: No. 66, South of Lincheng Avenue, East Side of Zhongxing Road, Economic Development Zone, Lincheng County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province, 054303

Patentee after: Hebei Bolu Tianbao Petroleum Well Control Equipment Co.,Ltd.

Country or region after: China

Address before: 054300 west section of Danxia Road, industrial park, Lincheng County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province

Patentee before: HEBEI BOLU TIANBAO PETROLEUM EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING CO.,LTD.

Country or region before: China

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