CN110284851B - Hydraulic locking device of ram blowout preventer - Google Patents
Hydraulic locking device of ram blowout preventer Download PDFInfo
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- CN110284851B CN110284851B CN201910680317.7A CN201910680317A CN110284851B CN 110284851 B CN110284851 B CN 110284851B CN 201910680317 A CN201910680317 A CN 201910680317A CN 110284851 B CN110284851 B CN 110284851B
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- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 241001280173 Crassula muscosa Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010727 cylinder oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
- E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
- E21B33/06—Blow-out preventers, i.e. apparatus closing around a drill pipe, e.g. annular blow-out preventers
- E21B33/061—Ram-type blow-out preventers, e.g. with pivoting rams
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Actuator (AREA)
Abstract
A ram blowout preventer hydraulic locking device, characterized by: the locking device consists of a main locking mechanism and a synchronous locking mechanism, wherein the main locking mechanism comprises a piston assembly, a wedge sleeve, a wedge block and a liquid lock cylinder, the wedge block is assembled in a square hole at the front part of the piston assembly, the lower inclined surface of the wedge block is attached to the inclined surface of the wedge sleeve, the wedge block axially moves along with the piston to enable the top of the wedge block to move back and forth in a slideway of the liquid lock cylinder, the front end of the main locking mechanism is provided with the synchronous locking mechanism consisting of a conical ring and a conical disc which are pre-tightened by a spring, and the end part of the liquid lock cylinder is provided with a display mechanism consisting of a differential piston, a protective cap and a cylinder cover, so that the working state of the mechanism can be observed from the outside. The invention has compact structure and reasonable design, and the locking and unlocking are not influenced by the state of hydraulic oil and other factors. When the main locking mechanism locks, the synchronous locking mechanism locks synchronously, so that the locking is more reliable. The locking force is provided by the locking plunger, so that the abrasion of parts can be reduced, and the unlocking force is provided by the unlocking piston, so that the unlocking is easier.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to petroleum machinery, in particular to a hydraulic locking device of a ram blowout preventer.
Background
Currently, known techniques are as follows: chinese patent No. CN108756803a discloses a hydraulic double ram blowout preventer comprising: the device comprises an integrated hydraulic cylinder, a semi-sealing flashboard, a fully-sealing flashboard, a closing rod, an opening rod, an oil inlet flange and a blind flange; the semi-seal flashboard and the full-seal flashboard are both flat and arranged in the blowout preventer body; the semi-sealing flashboard and the full-sealing flashboard are connected with an integrated hydraulic cylinder; the closing rod and the opening rod are fixed on the blowout preventer body and are respectively communicated with the oil inlet flange; the closing rod and the opening rod are respectively matched with a blowout preventer cover, and the blowout preventer cover is in cover connection with the blowout preventer body; the blind flange is connected with the oil inlet flange. The blowout preventer adopts the combination of the integrated hydraulic cylinder, the full-sealing gate and the half-sealing gate, overcomes the defect of poor blowout prevention performance of the existing blowout preventer, and improves the blowout prevention and sealing performance of the blowout preventer.
Such as: the Chinese patent CN104790898B discloses a multipurpose combined annular ram blowout preventer, which comprises a ram blowout preventer, a wellhead valve assembly, an annular injection device, a wellhead lower flange and a casing nipple, wherein the upper end of the ram blowout preventer is connected with the wellhead valve assembly through the flange, the lower end of the ram blowout preventer is fixedly connected with the annular injection device, the wellhead lower flange and the casing nipple from top to bottom in sequence, and the respective inner cavities of the wellhead valve assembly, the ram blowout preventer, the annular injection device, the wellhead lower flange and the casing nipple are communicated. The height of the wellhead is reduced, so that the waste of resources is reduced, the site construction environment is improved, and certain potential safety hazards are eliminated. Meanwhile, when the oil pipe coupling is lowered through the pressure relief and balance valve group, the problems that the resistance is large, the annular rubber core is difficult to lower and the annular rubber core is seriously damaged are solved.
Such as: the Chinese patent CN203626699U discloses a hydraulic ram blowout preventer with variable-diameter seal, which comprises a shell, a hydraulic cylinder, a ram assembly with variable-diameter, a side door bolt, an oil port connector, and a sealing mechanism; the variable-diameter flashboard assembly comprises a variable-diameter flashboard body and a sealing piece; the sealing piece comprises a top rubber core and a front reducing rubber core, wherein the front reducing rubber core comprises reducing rubber, an iron piece of a special-shaped cam structure, a sizing block, a movable rod and a connecting rod; the front reducing rubber core is formed by vulcanizing a plurality of iron pieces of special-shaped cam structures, four sizing blocks, two movable rods, two connecting rods and rubber in a mold at one time to form a whole; the variable-diameter sealing device can seal tubular columns with different specifications and sizes through a group of variable-diameter flashboard assemblies, so that the variable-diameter sealing is realized, and the variable-diameter sealing device is simple in structure and convenient to install; therefore, the labor production efficiency of workers is greatly improved, and new potential safety hazards are avoided.
Ram blowout preventers are important drilling channel equipment that are involved in safety in petroleum drilling and workover operations. Ram blowout preventers also need to be mechanically locked after hydraulic closure to ensure safety. The blowout preventer has the requirements on the locking device that the locking is reliable and the unlocking is easy. The locking mode adopted by the ram blowout preventer at present comprises a manual locking mode and a hydraulic locking mode, the manual locking is simple and reliable, the manual labor intensity is high, the ram blowout preventer is not suitable for occasions with limited space such as an ocean drilling platform, the hydraulic locking can realize automatic locking, and the ram blowout preventer is an advanced locking mode. The current hydraulic locking device of blowout preventer produced at home and abroad mainly has several common forms of long wedge rod type, screw fluted disc clutch type, wedge type and the like.
The long wedge rod type locking device is reliable in locking, but the structure size is large, the problem that the locking device is difficult to unlock after locking often exists, and the locking part is easy to wear, so that the reliability of the locking device is reduced. The screw fluted disc clutch type locking device has a complex structure and is limited by a mechanical principle, the locking position is discontinuous, the rigidity after locking is poor, and the clutch fluted disc has the problem of easy abrasion. The wedge type locking device is usually positioned in the oil cylinder, the reliability of the wedge type locking device is greatly influenced by hydraulic oil and other factors, the viscosity, pollution degree, environmental temperature, surface roughness of parts and the like of the hydraulic oil can influence the wedge type locking device, the locking is easy to be difficult to unlock after the wedge type locking device is locked, the locking device generally has no external display mechanism, and an operator cannot know the working state of the wedge type locking device.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a hydraulic locking device of a ram blowout preventer.
A ram blowout preventer hydraulic locking device, characterized by: the locking device consists of a main locking mechanism and a synchronous locking mechanism, wherein the main locking mechanism comprises a piston assembly (1), a wedge sleeve (3), a wedge block (4) and a liquid locking cylinder (5), the wedge block (4) is assembled in a square hole (101) at the front part of the piston assembly (1), a lower inclined surface (401) of the wedge block (4) is attached to an inclined surface (301) of the wedge sleeve (3), the wedge sleeve (3) and the wedge block (4) adopt a larger wedge angle design, the wedge block (4) axially moves along with the piston assembly (1), the top of the wedge block (4) moves back and forth in a slideway of the liquid locking cylinder (5), the synchronous locking mechanism consisting of a conical ring (12) and a conical disc (11) which are pre-fastened by a spring (9) is arranged at the front end of the main locking mechanism, in order to ensure the locking reliability of the whole mechanism, the conical ring (12) and the conical disc (11) adopt a smaller wedge angle design, the locking action of the locking mechanism is completed by a small-diameter locking plunger (8), the locking action of the locking mechanism is completed by a large-diameter unlocking piston (13), and the locking mechanism is provided with a differential cylinder cap (7) and a working cap (15) which can be displayed outside the piston cap (6).
Three square holes (101) are uniformly distributed at the front part of the piston assembly (1) along the circumference, three wedge blocks (4) are respectively assembled in the square holes (101), the lower inclined planes (401) at the bottoms of the three wedge blocks (4) are respectively contacted with three inclined planes (301) uniformly distributed on the wedge sleeve (3), three spring bin holes (303) are formed in the wedge sleeve (3) at the positions staggered with the inclined planes (301), a pre-tightening mechanism consisting of spring press nails (14) and springs (9) is respectively arranged in the spring bin holes (303), a spring washer (10), a conical disc (11), a conical ring (12) and an unlocking piston (13) are sequentially arranged at the rear part of the wedge sleeve (3), the spring washer (10) is positioned between the springs (9) and the conical disc (11), the conical ring (12) is arranged in the conical disc (11), an inner hole flange (1202) of the conical ring (12) is arranged in an annular groove (304) of the wedge sleeve (3), a piston rod of the unlocking piston (13) is sleeved in the annular groove (303), and a piston rod of the unlocking piston (13) is sequentially arranged in the piston rod (3) at the end part of the piston rod (8).
The left end of the piston assembly (1) is of a hollow cylindrical structure, a synchronous locking mechanism formed by a wedge sleeve (3), a spring pressing nail (14), a spring (9), a spring backing ring (10), a conical ring (12), a conical disc (11) and an unlocking piston (13) is arranged in the hollow cylindrical structure of the piston assembly (1), the piston assembly (1) and the synchronous locking mechanism in the hollow sleeve of the piston assembly (1) are arranged in a cavity formed by connecting a cylinder cover (15), a liquid lock cylinder (5) and an oil cylinder (2), the cylinder cover (15) is fixedly connected with the liquid lock cylinder (5) through bolts, a side door (16) is arranged at the rear part of the oil cylinder (2), the liquid lock cylinder (5) is fixedly locked with the side door (16) through long bolts (17), a differential piston (7) is arranged between a protective cap (6) and the cylinder cover (15), the protective cap (6) is fixedly connected with the cylinder cover (15) through bolts, an observation hole (601) is formed in the circumferential direction of the protective cap (6), and an atmosphere through groove (602) is formed in the lower part of the protective cap (6).
The large diameter of the piston assembly (1) is matched with the inner hole of the oil cylinder (2), and in the unlocking state, the inclined cylindrical surface (402) and the straight cylindrical surface (403) at the top of the wedge block (4) are positioned in a slide way formed by the liquid lock cylinder (5), and the slide way is formed by a straight cylindrical cambered surface (501) and an inclined cylindrical cambered surface (502); in the locking state, the inclined cylindrical surface (402) at the top of the wedge block (4) is contacted with the inclined cylindrical cambered surface (502) which is uniformly distributed in the hole of the hydraulic lock cylinder (5) along the circumference.
The spring pressing nail (14) is tightened to compress the spring (9) to generate pretightening force, the pretightening force acts on the conical disc (11) and the conical ring (12) through the spring backing ring (10), so that an inner conical hole (1101) of the conical disc (11) and an outer conical surface (1201) of the conical ring (12), an outer circle (1102) of the conical disc (11) and an inner hole (102) of the piston assembly (1) are kept in close contact, and three wedge sleeve notches (305) uniformly distributed along the circumference are formed in the right end of the wedge sleeve (3) to keep an oil path smooth.
In order to ensure that the stress is uniform during locking, the wedges (4) are distributed along the circumferential array of the piston assembly (1), the locking angle of the wedges (4) and the wedge sleeve (3) is designed to be 10 degrees for ensuring the unlocking reliability of the main locking mechanism, and the locking angle of the conical ring (12) and the conical disc (11) is designed to be 5 degrees for ensuring the locking reliability of the synchronous locking mechanism.
In order to eliminate gaps and improve locking rigidity, when the conical ring (12) and the conical disc (11) are in a locking state, the conical ring (12) and the conical disc (11) are always pressed by the springs (9), and in order to facilitate installation, the conical ring (12) adopts a two-half involution structure, and in order to be stressed uniformly and facilitate assembly, the conical disc (11) adopts a watch chain structure.
During locking, hydraulic oil enters through a hydraulic lock cylinder oil way port (503) on a hydraulic lock cylinder (5), pushes a piston assembly (1) to move rightwards, hydraulic oil simultaneously passes through a gap of a part and a wedge sleeve notch (305) of a wedge sleeve (3) and acts on a left end face (1305) of a big end of an unlocking piston, so that the unlocking piston (13) is pushed to move rightwards until a right end face (1304) of the unlocking piston (13) is contacted with an inner hole end face (104) of the piston assembly (1), a left end face (801) of a locking plunger (8) is acted by the pressure of the hydraulic oil, the wedge sleeve (3), a spring washer (10), a conical disc (11) and a conical ring (12) mounted on the wedge sleeve (3) are pushed to move rightwards together, when the piston assembly (1) moves rightwards, a lower inclined face (401) of the wedge block (4) is acted by an inclined face (301) of the wedge sleeve (3), so that the inclined cylindrical face (402) of the wedge block (4) enters into and is matched with an inclined arc face (502) of the hydraulic lock cylinder (5), and a locking mechanism (5) is tightly locked by the wedge sleeve (3), and the locking mechanism (1) is formed at the same time, the conical disc (11) and the conical ring (12) which are arranged at the front end of the wedge sleeve (3) are always under the action of the pretightening force of the spring (9), so that an inner conical hole (1101) of the conical disc (11) is kept in close contact with an outer conical surface (1201) of the conical ring (12), an outer conical disc circle (1102) is kept in close sealing contact with an inner hole (102) of the piston assembly, in this state, a locking state of a synchronous locking mechanism is formed by the wedge sleeve (3), the spring pressing nail (14), the spring (9), the spring washer (10), the conical ring (12), the conical disc (11) and the inner hole (102) of the piston assembly, and after the synchronous locking mechanism is locked, the main locking mechanism can be ensured not to loosen under the condition that the closing pressure of hydraulic oil disappears.
During locking, the left end face (801) of the locking plunger (8) is separated from contact with the right end face (701) of the differential piston (7) due to rightward movement of the locking plunger (8), hydraulic oil acts on the left annular surface (703) of the differential piston (7) through the central oil through hole (702) of the differential piston (7), the differential piston (7) moves rightward due to the fact that the area of the left annular surface (703) of the differential piston (7) is larger than that of the right end face (701) of the differential piston (7), the movement state of the differential piston (7) is observed from the outside through the observation hole (601) of the protective cap (6), so that the movement state of the inside of the mechanism is known, and the air through groove (602) formed in the protective cap (6) is used for enabling the right annular surface of the differential piston (7) to be communicated with the atmosphere, so that the differential piston (7) can work normally, and the annular area of the differential piston (7) is designed to be about twice the end area in order to ensure reliable movement of the display mechanism.
When unlocking, hydraulic oil enters through a side door oil port (1601) of a side door (16), acts on the right annular surface of the piston assembly (1), acts on the right end surface (1304) of the unlocking piston (13) through an oil passage hole (103) of the piston assembly (1), large unlocking force can be generated due to large area of the right end surface (1304) of the unlocking piston (13), the right end surface (1304) of the unlocking piston (13) moves leftwards under the action of oil pressure until the big end left end surface (1305) of the unlocking piston (13) contacts with the right end surface (1103) of the conical disc (11) and pushes the conical disc (11) to move leftwards, the inner conical hole (1101) of the conical disc (11) is separated from the outer conical surface (1201) of the conical disc (12) after the conical disc (11) moves leftwards, so that the locking state of a synchronous locking mechanism is destroyed, after the synchronous locking mechanism is unlocked, the unlocking piston (13) continues to move leftwards, the wedge sleeve (3) and the conical sleeve (3) is pushed together with the conical sleeve (11), the conical sleeve (3) is pushed to move leftwards, and the wedge assembly (4) moves leftwards along with the piston assembly (1), the inclined cylindrical surface (402) of the wedge block (4) is constrained by the inclined cylindrical cambered surface (502) of the hydraulic lock cylinder (5), the wedge block (4) is contracted towards the center along the radial direction while moving leftwards until the inclined cylindrical surface (402) of the wedge block (4) is completely separated from the inclined cylindrical cambered surface (502) of the hydraulic lock cylinder (5), the straight cylindrical surface (403) of the wedge sleeve (4) enters the straight cylindrical cambered surface (501) of the hydraulic lock cylinder, at the moment, the main locking mechanism is completely in an unlocking state, and the left movement is continued to enable the left end surface (801) of the locking plunger (8) to be contacted with the right end surface (701) of the differential piston (7) and push the differential piston (7) to move leftwards, and the protruding end surface of the differential piston (7) is about 20mm, so that the blowout preventer is in a completely opened state.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: 1. compact structure, reasonable in design, locking and unblock do not receive hydraulic oil state and other factor's influence. 2. When the main locking mechanism locks, the synchronous locking mechanism locks synchronously, so that the locking is more reliable. 3. The movement state of the differential piston is observed from the outside through the observation hole of the protective cap, so that the working state of the locking device is known. 4. The locking force is provided by the small-diameter locking plunger, so that the abrasion of parts can be reduced, and the unlocking force is provided by the large-diameter unlocking piston, so that the unlocking is easier.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention in an unlocked position;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of FIG. 1 in a locked position;
FIG. 3 is a schematic exploded view of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the piston assembly (1) of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the semi-sectional structure of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the cylinder (2) of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the wedge cover (3) of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of another side perspective of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of the wedge (4) of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of another side perspective of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a schematic perspective view of the liquid lock cylinder (5) of the present invention;
Fig. 12 is a schematic perspective view of the helmet (6) of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic perspective view of the differential piston (7) of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of another side perspective of FIG. 13;
FIG. 15 is a schematic perspective view of the locking plunger (8) of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the alternate perspective of FIG. 15;
FIG. 17 is a schematic perspective view of the spring (9) of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a schematic perspective view of a spring grommet (10) of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a schematic perspective view of the conical disk (11) of the present invention;
FIG. 20 is a schematic view of the alternate perspective of FIG. 19;
FIG. 21 is a schematic perspective view of the cone ring (12) of the present invention;
FIG. 22 is a schematic view of another side perspective of FIG. 21;
FIG. 23 is a schematic perspective view of the unlocking piston (13) of the present invention;
FIG. 24 is a schematic view of another side perspective of FIG. 23;
FIG. 25 is a schematic perspective view of the spring press (14) of the present invention;
FIG. 26 is a schematic view of another side perspective of FIG. 25;
FIG. 27 is a schematic view showing the perspective structure of the cylinder head (15) of the present invention;
fig. 28 is a schematic view of another perspective view of fig. 27.
In the figure: piston assembly 1, square hole 101, inner hole 102, oil passage hole 103, inner hole end face 104, oil cylinder 2, wedge sleeve 3, inclined plane 301, sleeve 302, spring chamber hole 303, annular groove 304, notch 305, wedge 4, lower inclined plane 401, inclined cylindrical surface 402, straight cylindrical surface 403, liquid lock cylinder 5, straight cylindrical cambered surface 501, inclined cylindrical cambered surface 502, liquid lock cylinder
The protective cap 6, the observation hole 601, the atmosphere through groove 602, the differential piston 7, the right end face 701, the central oil through hole 702, the left annular face 703, the locking plunger 8, the left end face 801, the spring 9, the spring washer 10, the conical disk 11, the inner conical hole 1101, the outer circle 1102, the right end face 1103, the conical ring 12, the outer conical face 1201, the inner hole flange 1202, the unlocking piston 13, the large head cylindrical face 1301, the small head cylindrical face 1302, the inner hole 1303, the right end face 1304, the large head left end face 1305, the spring press pin 14, the cylinder cover 15, the side door 16 and the long bolt 17.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The locking device consists of a main locking mechanism and a synchronous locking mechanism, wherein the main locking mechanism comprises a piston assembly 1, a wedge sleeve 3, a wedge block 4 and a liquid lock cylinder 5, the wedge block 4 is assembled in a square hole 101 at the front part of the piston assembly 1, a lower inclined surface 401 of the wedge block 4 is attached to an inclined surface 301 of the wedge sleeve 3, the wedge sleeve 3 and the wedge block 4 adopt a larger wedge angle design, and the wedge block 4 moves along with the axial direction of the piston assembly 1, so that the top of the wedge block 4 moves back and forth in a slideway of the liquid lock cylinder 5. The front end of the main locking mechanism is provided with a synchronous locking mechanism formed by a conical ring 12 and a conical disc 11 which are pre-tightened by a spring 9, and the conical ring 12 and the conical disc 11 adopt a smaller wedge angle design in order to ensure the locking reliability of the whole mechanism. The locking action of the locking mechanism is completed by the small-diameter locking plunger 8, so that the abrasion of parts can be greatly reduced, and the service life is prolonged. The unlocking is completed by the large-diameter unlocking piston 13, so that the problem that the locking is difficult to unlock is further avoided. The end of the hydraulic cylinder 5 is provided with a display mechanism comprising a differential piston 7, a protective cap 6 and a cylinder cover 15, and the working state of the mechanism can be observed from the outside.
The left end of the piston assembly 1 is of a hollow cylindrical structure, three square holes 101 are uniformly distributed in the front part of the hollow cylindrical structure along the circumference, three wedge blocks 4 are respectively assembled in the square holes 101, and the lower inclined planes 401 at the bottoms of the three wedge blocks 4 are respectively contacted with the three inclined planes 301 uniformly distributed on the wedge sleeve 3. Three spring storage holes 303 are formed in the wedge sleeve 3 at positions staggered with the inclined plane 301, and a pre-tightening mechanism consisting of a spring pressing nail 14 and a spring 9 is respectively arranged in the spring storage holes 303. The rear part of the wedge sleeve 3 is sequentially provided with a spring backing ring 10, a conical disc 11, a conical ring 12 and an unlocking piston 13, the spring backing ring 10 is positioned between the spring 9 and the conical disc 11, the conical ring 12 is arranged in the conical disc 11, an inner hole flange 1202 of the conical ring 12 is arranged in an annular groove 304 of the wedge sleeve 3, a piston rod of the unlocking piston 13 is sleeved in a wedge sleeve hole 302 of the wedge sleeve 3, a locking plunger 8 is arranged at the end part of the wedge sleeve 3 through a screw, and a piston rod of the locking plunger 8 is inserted in a piston rod of the unlocking piston 13.
The hollow cylindrical structure of the piston assembly 1 is internally provided with a synchronous locking mechanism formed by a wedge sleeve 3, a spring pressing nail 14, a spring 9, a spring backing ring 10, a conical ring 12, a conical disk 11 and an unlocking piston 13, the piston assembly 1 and the synchronous locking mechanism in the hollow sleeve of the piston assembly 1 are arranged in a cavity formed by connecting a cylinder cover 15, a hydraulic cylinder 5 and an oil cylinder 2, the cylinder cover 15 is fixedly connected with the hydraulic cylinder 5 through bolts, the rear part of the oil cylinder 2 is provided with a side door 16, the hydraulic cylinder 5 is fixedly locked with the side door 16 through long bolts 17, a differential piston 7 is arranged between a protective cap 6 and the cylinder cover 15, the protective cap 6 is fixedly connected with the cylinder cover 15 through bolts, an observation hole 601 is formed in the circumferential direction of the protective cap 6, and an atmosphere through groove 602 is formed in the lower part of the protective cap 6.
The large diameter of the piston assembly 1 is matched with the inner hole of the oil cylinder 2, and in the unlocking state, the inclined cylindrical surface 402 and the straight cylindrical surface 403 at the top of the wedge block 4 are positioned in a slide way of the liquid lock cylinder 5, and the slide way is composed of a straight cylindrical cambered surface 501 and an inclined cylindrical cambered surface 502. In the locked state, the inclined cylindrical surface 402 at the top of the wedge block 4 is in contact with the inclined cylindrical cambered surface 502 uniformly distributed along the circumference in the hole of the liquid lock cylinder 5.
The spring pressing nail 14 is tightened to compress the spring 9 to generate pretightening force, the pretightening force acts on the conical disc 11 and the conical ring 12 through the spring backing ring 10, so that an inner conical hole 1101 of the conical disc 11 is tightly contacted with an outer conical surface 1201 of the conical ring 12, an outer circle 1102 of the conical disc 11 is tightly contacted with an inner hole 102 of the piston assembly 1, and three wedge sleeve notches 305 uniformly distributed along the circumference are formed in the right end of the wedge sleeve 3 for keeping an oil path smooth.
In order to make the stress even during locking, the wedges 4 are distributed along the circumferential array of the piston assembly 1. In order to ensure that the main locking mechanism is reliably unlocked, the locking angle between the wedge block 4 and the wedge sleeve 3 is designed to be 10 degrees. In order to ensure reliable locking of the synchronous locking mechanism, the locking angle of the conical ring 12 and the conical disc 11 is designed to be 5 degrees.
In order to eliminate the gap and improve the locking rigidity, the conical ring 12 and the conical disc 11 are always pressed by the spring 9 when in a locking state. For ease of installation, the cone ring 12 is of two-half apposition construction. For uniform stress and convenient assembly, the conical disc 11 adopts a watch chain structure.
In the unlocking state (shown in fig. 1), hydraulic oil enters through a liquid lock cylinder oil port 503 of a liquid lock cylinder 5 to push the piston assembly 1 to move rightwards, and the hydraulic oil acts on the left end face 1305 of the big end of the unlocking piston 13 through a part gap and a wedge sleeve notch 305 of the wedge sleeve 3, so that the unlocking piston 13 is pushed to move rightwards until the right end face 1304 of the unlocking piston 13 is in contact with the inner hole end face 104 of the piston assembly 1, and at the moment, the unlocking piston 13 only plays a boosting role. Since the left end face 801 of the locking plunger 8 is also subjected to the pressure of hydraulic oil, the locking plunger 8 pushes the wedge sleeve 3 and the spring washer 10, the conical disc 11 and the conical ring 12 mounted on the wedge sleeve 3 to move rightward together, at this time, the left end face 801 of the locking plunger 8 is out of contact with the right end face 701 of the differential piston 7, hydraulic oil acts on the left annular face 703 of the differential piston through the central oil passing hole 702 of the differential piston, since the area of the left annular face 703 of the differential piston 7 is larger than the area of the right end face 701 of the differential piston 7, the differential piston 7 moves rightward, the movement state of the differential piston 7 is observed from the outside through the observation hole 601 of the cap 6, Thus indirectly reflecting the internal motion state of the mechanism, the air through groove 602 formed on the protective cap 6 is used for enabling the right annular surface of the differential piston 7 to be communicated with the air, ensuring that the differential piston 7 can work normally, and the annular area of the differential piston (7) is designed to be about twice the end area in order to ensure the reliable action of the display mechanism. When the piston assembly 1 does not move to the end-of-travel locking position, the straight cylindrical surface 403 of the wedge 4 moves in the straight cylindrical arc surface 501 of the liquid lock cylinder 5, and when moving to the end-of-travel locking position, as shown in fig. 2, the lower inclined surface 401 of the wedge 4 is acted by the inclined surface 301 of the wedge sleeve 3, the wedge 4 moves outwards in the radial direction, the inclined cylindrical surface 402 of the wedge 4 enters and is tightly matched with the inclined cylindrical arc surface 502 of the liquid lock cylinder 5, at the moment, the locking state of the main locking mechanism formed by the wedge 4, the wedge sleeve 3, the liquid lock cylinder 5 and the piston assembly 1 is realized, meanwhile, the conical disc 11 and the conical ring 12 arranged at the front end of the wedge sleeve 3 are always acted by the pretightening force of the spring 9, So that the conical disk inner conical hole 1101 is tightly contacted with the conical ring outer conical surface 1201, the conical disk outer circle 1102 is tightly and hermetically contacted with the piston assembly inner hole 102, in this state, the wedge sleeve 3, the spring press pin 14, the spring 9, the spring cushion ring 10, the conical ring 12, the conical disk 11 and the piston assembly inner hole 102 form a locking state of a synchronous locking mechanism, the synchronous locking mechanism can be reliably locked by adopting a smaller locking angle, and after the synchronous locking mechanism is locked, the main locking mechanism can be ensured not to be loosened under the condition that the hydraulic oil closing pressure is lost. The action mechanism is as follows: when the closing hydraulic pressure is lost, the reaction force from the ram sealing element and the well pressure acts on the piston assembly 1 to enable the piston assembly to move leftwards, the reaction force is transmitted to the inclined cylindrical cambered surface 502 of the hydraulic lock cylinder 5 through the inclined cylindrical surface 402 of the wedge block, meanwhile, positive pressure is generated between the lower inclined surface 401 of the wedge block 4 and the inclined surface 301 of the wedge sleeve 3, the force enables the wedge sleeve 3 to move leftwards, when the inclined angle of the inclined surface 301 of the wedge sleeve 3 is smaller than the friction angle, the main locking mechanism is self-locked, when the inclined angle is larger than the friction angle, the main locking mechanism is loosened, and the friction coefficient is related to the friction angle by the surface roughness of parts, the influence of a plurality of factors such as hydraulic oil state and the like is not an exact numerical value, the result is that the locking mechanism is unreliable, the influence caused by the adverse factors can be eliminated by arranging the synchronous locking mechanism, the wedge sleeve 3 can not axially move leftwards relative to the piston assembly 1 after the synchronous locking mechanism is locked, and the wedge sleeve 3 can not move leftwards, so that the main locking mechanism consisting of the wedge block 4, the wedge sleeve 3, the liquid lock cylinder 5 and the piston assembly 1 can be reliably locked in locking potential.
In the locking state (as shown in fig. 2), hydraulic oil acts on the right annular surface of the piston assembly 1 through the side door oil port 1601 of the side door 16 and acts on the right end surface 1304 of the unlocking piston through the oil passage hole 103 of the piston assembly 1, and a larger unlocking force can be generated due to a larger area of the right end surface 1304 of the unlocking piston 13, so that the unlocking reliability is ensured. Under the action of oil pressure, the unlocking piston 13 moves left until the left end face 1305 of the big end of the unlocking piston contacts with the right end face 1103 of the conical disc and pushes the conical disc 11 to move left, after the conical disc 11 moves left, the conical disc inner conical hole 1101 is separated from the conical ring outer conical surface 1201, so that the locking state of the synchronous locking mechanism is destroyed, after the synchronous locking mechanism is unlocked, the unlocking piston 13 continues to move left to push the wedge sleeve 3 and the spring washer 10, the conical disc 11 and the conical ring 12 mounted on the wedge sleeve 3 together, the piston assembly 1 moves left while the wedge sleeve 3 moves left under the action of oil pressure, the wedge 4 moves left along with the piston assembly 1, so that the inclined cylindrical surface 402 of the wedge 4 is constrained by the inclined cylindrical surface 502 of the liquid locking cylinder 5, and contracts radially towards the center while the inclined cylindrical surface 402 of the wedge 4 is pushed to move left until the inclined cylindrical surface 502 of the wedge 4 is completely separated from the inclined cylindrical surface 502 of the liquid locking cylinder 5, at this time, the straight cylindrical surface 403 of the wedge sleeve 4 enters into the straight cylindrical surface 501 of the liquid locking cylinder, the main locking mechanism is completely in the unlocking state, the left end face 8 continues to move left to push the left end face of the wedge sleeve 3 to push the piston assembly 7 to move left, and the differential piston assembly 7 is completely in the state of the differential piston assembly 7 mm, as shown in the differential piston assembly 1 is completely opened, and the differential piston assembly 7 is completely has the differential end face 7 mm is completely opened (as shown in the figure 20 mm).
Claims (5)
1. A ram blowout preventer hydraulic locking device, characterized by: the locking device comprises a main locking mechanism, a synchronous locking mechanism, a small-diameter locking plunger (8), a large-diameter unlocking piston (13), an oil cylinder (2) and a display mechanism, wherein the main locking mechanism comprises a piston assembly (1), a wedge sleeve (3), a wedge block (4) and a liquid locking cylinder (5), the front part of the piston assembly (1) is of a hollow cylindrical structure, the piston assembly (1) also comprises a large-diameter section at the rear part of the hollow cylindrical structure, the outer wall of the large-diameter section of the piston assembly (1) is matched with the inner hole of the oil cylinder (2), the wedge sleeve (3) is of a hollow structure, the hollow inner wall of the wedge sleeve (3) is provided with a bulge, the hollow part of the wedge sleeve (3) at the rear end of the bulge is a wedge sleeve hole (302), the wedge block (4) moves along with the piston assembly (1) axially, so that the top of the wedge block (4) moves back and forth in a slideway on the inner wall of the liquid lock cylinder (5), the slideway comprises a straight cylindrical cambered surface (501) and an inclined cylindrical cambered surface (502) with the diameter being enlarged from front to back, which is arranged at the rear end of the straight cylindrical cambered surface (501), the top of the wedge block (4) comprises an inclined cylindrical surface (402) with the diameter being enlarged from front to back and a straight cylindrical surface (403) which is arranged at the rear end of the inclined cylindrical surface (402), The synchronous locking mechanism comprises a spring pressing nail (14), a spring (9), a spring backing ring (10), a conical ring (12) and a conical disc (11), wherein the display mechanism consisting of a differential piston (7), a protective cap (6) and a cylinder cover (15) is arranged at the front end part of the liquid lock cylinder (5), and the working state of the mechanism can be observed from the outside; The cylinder cover (15) is fixedly connected with the hydraulic lock cylinder (5), the oil cylinder (2) is arranged at the rear part of the hydraulic lock cylinder (5), the side door (16) is arranged at the rear part of the oil cylinder (2), the hydraulic lock cylinder (5) is fixedly locked with the side door (16), the piston assembly (1), the wedge sleeve (3), the wedge block (4), the synchronous locking mechanism, the small-diameter locking plunger (8) and the large-diameter unlocking piston (13) are arranged in a cavity formed by connecting the cylinder cover (15), the hydraulic lock cylinder (5) and the oil cylinder (2), the number of the wedge blocks (4) is three, three square holes (101) are uniformly distributed on the front part of the piston assembly (1) along the circumference, Three wedge blocks (4) are respectively assembled in three square holes (101), lower inclined planes (401) at the bottoms of the three wedge blocks (4) are respectively attached to three inclined planes (301) uniformly distributed on the outer surface of a wedge sleeve (3), three spring bin holes (303) are formed in the inner portion of the wall of the wedge sleeve (3) and the staggered positions of the inclined planes (301) along the axial direction of the wedge sleeve (3), spring pressing nails (14) and springs (9) are respectively arranged in each spring bin hole (303), the spring pressing nails (14) and the springs (9) form a pre-tightening mechanism, and a spring gasket ring (10) is arranged between the inner portion of the piston assembly (1) and the outer portion of the rear portion of the wedge sleeve (3) at the rear end of the wedge block (4), The conical disc (11) and the conical ring (12), the spring backing ring (10) is positioned between the spring (9) and the conical disc (11), the conical ring (12) is arranged inside the conical disc (11), an inner hole flange (1202) arranged on the inner wall of the conical ring (12) is arranged in an annular groove (304) arranged on the outer wall of the rear part of the wedge sleeve (3), the large-diameter unlocking piston (13) is of a hollow structure, the large-diameter unlocking piston (13) comprises a piston rod with a small diameter and a large-diameter head positioned at the rear end of the piston rod, the large head is arranged outside the rear end of the wedge sleeve (3), The outer wall of the big head is in contact with the inner wall of the piston assembly (1), the piston rod of the large-diameter unlocking piston (13) is arranged in the wedge sleeve hole (302) of the wedge sleeve (3) in a penetrating mode, the small-diameter locking plunger (8) is arranged in the hollow interior of the wedge sleeve (3) at the front end of the bulge, the small-diameter locking plunger (8) is connected with the wedge sleeve (3), and the piston rod of the small-diameter locking plunger (8) is inserted into the piston rod of the large-diameter unlocking piston (13); Tightening the spring pressing nail (14) can compress the spring (9) to generate pretightening force, the pretightening force acts on the conical disc (11) and the conical ring (12) through the spring backing ring (10), so that an inner conical hole (1101) of the conical disc (11) is tightly contacted with an outer conical surface (1201) of the conical ring (12) and an outer circle (1102) of the conical disc (11) and an inner hole (102) of the piston assembly (1), the wedge blocks (4) are uniformly stressed during locking, the wedge blocks (4) are distributed along the circumferential array of the piston assembly (1) to ensure that the main locking mechanism is reliably unlocked, the locking angle of the wedge blocks (4) and the wedge sleeve (3) is designed to be 10 degrees, In order to ensure that the synchronous locking mechanism is reliably locked, the locking angle between the conical ring (12) and the conical disc (11) is designed to be 5 degrees;
During locking, hydraulic oil enters the hydraulic lock cylinder (5) to push the piston assembly (1) to move backwards, hydraulic oil acts on the front end face of the big head of the big diameter unlocking piston (13), so that the big diameter unlocking piston (13) is pushed to move backwards until the rear end face of the big diameter unlocking piston (13) is contacted with the inner hole end face of the piston assembly (1), the front end face of the small diameter locking plunger (8) is acted by the pressure of the hydraulic oil to push the wedge sleeve (3) and the spring washer (10) arranged on the wedge sleeve (3), the conical disc (11) and the conical ring (12) to move backwards together, when the piston assembly (1) moves backwards, the lower inclined face (401) of the wedge block (4) is acted by the inclined face (301) of the wedge sleeve (3), so that the wedge block (4) moves outwards along the radial direction, the inclined cylindrical face (402) of the wedge block (4) enters the inclined face (502) of the hydraulic lock (5) and is tightly matched with the conical disc (9) due to the fact that the conical disc (12) is tightly matched with the conical disc (9) at the same time, the inner conical hole (1101) of the conical disc (11) is kept in close contact with the outer conical surface (1201) of the conical ring (12), the outer circle of the conical disc is kept in close sealing contact with the inner hole of the piston assembly, and in this state, the locking state of the synchronous locking mechanism is formed, and after the synchronous locking mechanism is locked, the main locking mechanism can be ensured not to be released even if the closing pressure of hydraulic oil is lost;
During unlocking, hydraulic oil enters through a side door oil port (1601) of the side door (16), acts on the rear end face of the piston assembly (1), the hydraulic oil acts on the rear end face of the large head of the large-diameter unlocking piston (13) through an oil passage hole (103) formed in the rear part of the piston assembly (1), and as the area of the rear end face of the large head of the large-diameter unlocking piston (13) is large, large unlocking force can be generated, the rear end face of the large head of the large-diameter unlocking piston (13) moves forwards under the action of oil pressure until the front end face of the large head of the large-diameter unlocking piston (13) contacts with the rear end face of the conical disc (11), the conical disc (11) is pushed to move forwards, the conical disc (11) is moved forwards, the inner conical hole (1101) of the conical disc (11) is separated from the outer conical surface (1201) of the conical disc (12) so as to break the locking state of the synchronous locking mechanism, the large-diameter piston (13) pushes the large-diameter unlocking piston (13) to move forwards under the action of the oil pressure force, the wedge assembly (3) is pushed forwards, the wedge assembly (1) is pushed forwards, the wedge assembly (4) is pushed forwards, and the wedge assembly (1) is pushed forwards, the inclined cylindrical surface (402) of the wedge block (4) is constrained by the inclined cylindrical surface (502) of the hydraulic lock cylinder (5), the wedge block (4) is caused to move forwards and shrink towards the center along the radial direction until the inclined cylindrical surface (402) of the wedge block (4) and the inclined cylindrical surface (502) of the hydraulic lock cylinder (5) are completely separated from contact, the straight cylindrical surface (403) of the wedge block (4) enters the straight cylindrical surface (501) of the hydraulic lock cylinder, at the moment, the main locking mechanism is completely in an unlocking state, and the main locking mechanism is continuously moved forwards to enable the front end surface of the small-diameter locking plunger (8) to be in contact with the rear end surface of the differential piston (7) and push the differential piston (7) to move forwards to the blowout preventer to be completely opened.
2. The ram blowout preventer hydraulic locking device of claim 1, wherein: the differential piston (7) is arranged between the protective cap (6) and the cylinder cover (15), the protective cap (6) is fixedly connected with the cylinder cover (15) through bolts, the observation holes (601) are formed in the circumferential direction of the protective cap (6), and the lower part of the protective cap (6) is provided with an atmosphere through groove (602).
3. The ram blowout preventer hydraulic locking device of claim 2, wherein: in the unlocking state, the inclined cylindrical surface (402) at the top of the wedge block (4) and the straight cylindrical surface (403) are positioned in the straight cylindrical cambered surface (501) of the hydraulic lock cylinder (5), and in the locking state, the inclined cylindrical surface (402) at the top of the wedge block (4) is in contact with the inclined cylindrical cambered surface (502) of the hydraulic lock cylinder (5).
4. The ram blowout preventer hydraulic locking device of claim 1, wherein: during locking, the small-diameter locking plunger (8) moves backwards, so that the front end face of the small-diameter locking plunger (8) is separated from the rear end face of the differential piston (7), hydraulic oil passes through the central oil through hole (702) of the differential piston (7) and acts on the front annular face of the differential piston (7), the differential piston (7) moves backwards due to the fact that the area of the front annular face of the differential piston (7) is larger than that of the rear end face of the differential piston (7), the movement state of the differential piston (7) is observed from the outside through the observation hole (601) of the protective cap (6), and the air through groove (602) formed in the protective cap (6) is used for enabling the rear annular face of the differential piston (7) to be communicated with the atmosphere, so that the differential piston (7) can work normally, and the annular area of the differential piston (7) is designed to be about twice the end area in order to ensure reliable movement of the display mechanism.
5. The ram blowout preventer hydraulic locking device of claim 1, wherein: in order to eliminate gaps and improve locking rigidity, when the conical ring (12) and the conical disc (11) are in a locking state, the conical ring (12) is always pressed by the spring (9), for convenience in installation, the conical ring (12) adopts a two-half involution structure, and for uniformity in stress and convenience in assembly, the conical disc (11) adopts a gauge chain structure.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111173473A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-05-19 | 上海神开石油设备有限公司 | Double-function locking device of hydraulic lock and hand lock |
| CN113397654B (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2022-04-26 | 武汉联影智融医疗科技有限公司 | Synchronous locking structure, minimally invasive surgical instrument and control method of minimally invasive surgical instrument |
| CN114396241B (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-06-10 | 四川新为橡塑有限公司 | Double-layer sealed spherical rubber core and annular blowout preventer |
| CN116838284B (en) * | 2023-09-01 | 2023-11-07 | 河北新铁虎石油机械有限公司 | Hydraulic locking device of ram blowout preventer with elastic locking and double-stage oil cylinder unlocking functions |
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