CN210460571U

CN210460571U - Hydraulic locking device of ram blowout preventer

Info

Publication number: CN210460571U
Application number: CN201921187224.2U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 唐建华
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-07-26
Filing date: 2019-07-26
Publication date: 2020-05-05
Anticipated expiration: 2029-07-26

Abstract

A ram preventer hydraulic locking device which characterized in that: the locking device is composed of a main locking mechanism and a synchronous locking mechanism, wherein the main locking mechanism comprises a piston assembly, a wedge sleeve, a wedge block and a hydraulic lock cylinder, the wedge block is assembled in a square hole in the front of the piston assembly, the lower inclined surface of the wedge block is attached to the inclined surface of the wedge sleeve, the wedge block moves along with the axial direction of a piston to enable the top of the wedge block to move back and forth in a slideway of the hydraulic lock cylinder, the synchronous locking mechanism composed of a conical ring and a conical disc pre-tightened by a spring is arranged at the front end of the main locking mechanism, a display mechanism composed of a differential piston, a protective cap and a cylinder cover is arranged at the end part of the hydraulic lock cylinder, and the working state of the mechanism. The device has compact structure and reasonable design, and the locking and unlocking are not influenced by the state of hydraulic oil and other factors. When the main locking mechanism locks, the synchronous locking mechanism locks synchronously, so that the locking is more reliable. The locking force is provided by the locking plunger, so that the abrasion of parts can be reduced, and the unlocking force is provided by the unlocking piston, so that the unlocking is easier.

Description

Hydraulic locking device of ram blowout preventer

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a petroleum machinery, especially a ram-type preventer hydraulic pressure locking device.

Background

At present, the following technologies are known: chinese invention patent CN108756803A discloses a hydraulic double ram blowout preventer, comprising: the device comprises an integrated hydraulic cylinder, a semi-closed gate plate, a full-closed gate plate, a closing rod, an opening rod, an oil inlet flange and a blind flange; the semi-closed gate and the full-closed gate are both flat and arranged in the blowout preventer body; the semi-seal gate plate and the full-seal gate plate are both connected with the integrated hydraulic cylinder; the closing rod and the opening rod are fixed on the blowout preventer body and are respectively communicated with the oil inlet flange; the closing rod and the opening rod are respectively matched with the blowout preventer cover, and the blowout preventer cover is connected with the blowout preventer body in a covering manner; the blind flange is connected with the oil inlet flange. The blowout preventer adopts the combination of the integrated hydraulic cylinder, the full-seal gate and the half-seal gate, overcomes the defect of poor blowout prevention performance of the existing blowout preventer, and improves the blowout prevention and sealing performance of the blowout preventer.

Such as: the Chinese invention patent CN104790898B discloses a multipurpose combined annular ram blowout preventer, which comprises a ram blowout preventer, a wellhead valve component, an annular injection device, a wellhead lower flange and a casing pipe nipple, wherein the upper end of the ram blowout preventer is connected with the wellhead valve component through a flange, the lower end of the ram blowout preventer is fixedly connected with the annular injection device, the wellhead lower flange and the casing pipe nipple from top to bottom in sequence, and the inner cavities of the wellhead valve component, the ram blowout preventer, the annular injection device, the wellhead lower flange and the casing pipe nipple are communicated. The height of the wellhead is reduced, so that the waste of resources is reduced, the site construction environment is improved, and certain potential safety hazards are eliminated. Meanwhile, the problems that when an oil pipe coupling is lowered, resistance is large, lowering is difficult, and an annular rubber core is seriously damaged are solved through the pressure relief and balance valve group.

Such as: chinese utility model patent CN203626699U discloses a reducing sealed hydraulic ram blowout preventer, which comprises a housing, a hydraulic cylinder, a reducing ram assembly, a side door bolt, an oil port joint, and a sealing mechanism; the variable-diameter gate plate assembly comprises a variable-diameter gate plate body and a sealing piece; the sealing element comprises a top rubber core and a front variable diameter rubber core, wherein the front variable diameter rubber core comprises a variable diameter rubber body, an iron piece with a special-shaped cam structure, a sizing block, a movable rod and a connecting rod; the front variable diameter rubber core is formed by vulcanizing a plurality of iron pieces with special-shaped cam structures, four sizing blocks, two movable rods, two connecting rods and rubber in a mold at one time to form a whole; the pipe columns with different specifications and sizes can be sealed by one group of variable-diameter gate plate assemblies, so that variable-diameter sealing is realized, and the variable-diameter sealing device is simple in structure and convenient to install; therefore, the labor production efficiency of workers is greatly improved, and new potential safety hazards are avoided.

Ram preventers are important drilling passage equipment related to safety in oil drilling and workover operations. Ram preventers also require mechanical locking after hydraulic shut-down to ensure safety. The blowout preventer has the requirements on a locking device that the locking is reliable and the unlocking is easy. The locking mode that the ram-type preventer adopted at present has manual locking and hydraulic locking two kinds of modes, and manual locking is simple reliable, and the hand labor intensity is big, and not too is fit for occasions such as marine drilling platform that space is restricted and use, and hydraulic locking can realize automatic locking, is comparatively advanced locking mode. The existing hydraulic locking device of the blowout preventer produced at home and abroad mainly has a plurality of common forms such as a long wedge rod type, a screw fluted disc clutch type, a wedge type and the like.

The long wedge rod type locking device is reliable in locking, but the long wedge rod type locking device is large in structural size, the locking device is difficult to unlock after being locked, and the locking part of the long wedge rod type locking device is easy to wear, so that the reliability of the long wedge rod type locking device is reduced. The screw fluted disc clutch type locking device is complex in structure and limited by mechanical principle, the locking position is discontinuous, the rigidity after locking is poor, and the clutch fluted disc is easy to wear. The wedge type locking device is usually positioned in the oil cylinder, the reliability of the wedge type locking device is greatly influenced by hydraulic oil and other factors, the viscosity, the pollution degree, the environmental temperature, the surface roughness of parts and the like of the hydraulic oil can influence the wedge type locking device, the wedge type locking device is easy to have the problems that the wedge type locking device cannot be locked, the wedge type locking device cannot be unlocked after being locked, and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

To the technical problem, the utility model aims at providing a ram-type preventer hydraulic pressure locking device.

A ram preventer hydraulic locking device which characterized in that: the locking device consists of a main locking mechanism and a synchronous locking mechanism, wherein the main locking mechanism comprises a piston assembly (1), a wedge sleeve (3), a wedge block (4) and a hydraulic lock cylinder (5), the wedge block (4) is assembled in a square hole (101) at the front part of the piston assembly (1), a lower inclined surface (401) of the wedge block (4) is attached to an inclined surface (301) of the wedge sleeve (3), the wedge block (4) moves along with the axial direction of the piston assembly (1) to enable the top of the wedge block (4) to move back and forth in a slideway of the hydraulic lock cylinder (5), the front end of the main locking mechanism is provided with a synchronous locking mechanism consisting of a conical ring (12) and a conical disc (11) which are pre-tightened by a spring (9), a display mechanism composed of a differential piston (7), a protective cap (6) and a cylinder cover (15) is arranged at the end part of the hydraulic lock cylinder (5), and the working state of the mechanism can be observed from the outside.

Three square holes (101) are uniformly distributed on the front part of a piston assembly (1) along the circumference, three wedges (4) are respectively assembled in the square holes (101), lower inclined planes (401) at the bottoms of the three wedges (4) are respectively contacted with three inclined planes (301) uniformly distributed on a wedge sleeve (3), three spring bin holes (303) are arranged at the positions staggered with the inclined planes (301) in the wedge sleeve (3), pre-tightening mechanisms consisting of spring pressing nails (14) and springs (9) are respectively arranged in the spring bin holes (303), a spring backing ring (10), a conical disc (11), a conical ring (12) and an unlocking piston (13) are sequentially arranged at the rear part of the wedge sleeve (3), the spring backing ring (10) is positioned between the springs (9) and the conical disc (11), the conical ring (12) is arranged in the conical disc (11), and an inner hole flange (1202) of the conical ring (12) is arranged in an annular groove (304) of the wedge sleeve (3), a piston rod of the unlocking piston (13) is sleeved in a wedge sleeve hole (302) of the wedge sleeve (3) in a penetrating mode, a locking plunger (8) is installed at the end portion of the wedge sleeve (3) through a screw, and a plunger rod of the locking plunger (8) is inserted into the piston rod of the unlocking piston (13).

The left end of the piston assembly (1) is of a hollow cylindrical structure, a synchronous locking mechanism formed by a wedge sleeve (3), a spring pressing nail (14), a spring (9), a spring backing ring (10), a conical ring (12), a conical disc (11) and an unlocking piston (13) is arranged in the hollow cylindrical structure of the piston assembly (1), the piston assembly (1) and the synchronous locking mechanism in the hollow sleeve of the piston assembly (1) are arranged in a cavity formed by connecting a cylinder cover (15), a hydraulic lock cylinder (5) and an oil cylinder (2), the cylinder cover (15) is fixedly connected with the hydraulic lock cylinder (5) through bolts, a side door (16) is arranged at the rear part of the oil cylinder (2), the hydraulic lock cylinder (5) is fixedly locked with the side door (16) through a long bolt (17), a differential piston (7) is arranged between a protective cap (6) and the cylinder cover (15), the protective cap (6) is fixedly connected with the cylinder cover (15) through bolts, an observation hole (601) is formed in the circumferential direction of the protective cap (6), an atmosphere through groove (602) is formed in the lower portion of the protective cap (6), and the atmosphere through groove (602) is used for enabling the right annular surface of the differential piston (7) to be communicated with the atmosphere.

The large diameter of the piston assembly (1) is matched with an inner hole of the oil cylinder (2), and in an unlocking state, an inclined cylindrical surface (402) and a straight cylindrical surface (403) at the top of the wedge block (4) are positioned in a slide way of the hydraulic lock cylinder (5), and the slide way is composed of a straight cylindrical arc surface (501) and an inclined cylindrical arc surface (502); in a locking state, the inclined cylindrical surface (402) at the top of the wedge block (4) is contacted with inclined cylindrical arc surfaces (502) which are uniformly distributed in the hole of the hydraulic lock cylinder (5) along the circumference.

The spring pressing nail (14) is tightened to compress the spring (9) to generate a pretightening force, the pretightening force acts on the conical disc (11) and the conical ring (12) through the spring backing ring (10), so that an inner conical hole (1101) of the conical disc (11) is tightly contacted with an outer conical surface (1201) of the conical ring (12), an outer circle (1102) of the conical disc (11) is tightly contacted with an inner hole (102) of the piston assembly (1), and three wedge sleeve notches (305) uniformly distributed along the circumference are formed in the right end of the wedge sleeve (3) to keep an oil circuit smooth.

In order to ensure uniform stress during locking, the wedge blocks (4) are distributed along the circumferential array of the piston assembly (1), in order to ensure reliable unlocking of the main locking mechanism, the locking angle between the wedge block (4) and the wedge sleeve (3) is designed to be 10 degrees, and in order to ensure reliable locking of the synchronous locking mechanism, the locking angle between the conical ring (12) and the conical disc (11) is designed to be 5 degrees.

In order to eliminate gaps and improve locking rigidity, the conical ring (12) and the conical disc (11) are always pressed by the spring (9) in a locking state, the conical ring (12) adopts a two-half involution structure for convenience in installation, and the conical disc (11) adopts a watch chain-shaped structure for uniform stress and convenience in assembly.

The wedge sleeve (3) and the wedge block (4) adopt a large wedge angle design.

The conical ring (12) and the conical disc (11) adopt a small wedge angle design.

The conical ring (12) and the conical disc (11) are always pressed by the spring (9) in a locking state.

The utility model has the advantages that: 1. the locking mechanism has the advantages of compact structure, reasonable design and no influence of the hydraulic oil state and other factors on locking and unlocking. 2. When the main locking mechanism locks, the synchronous locking mechanism locks synchronously, so that the locking is more reliable. 3. The motion state of the differential piston is observed from the outside through the observation hole of the protective cap, so that the working state of the locking device is known. 4. The locking force is provided by the small-diameter locking plunger, so that the abrasion of parts can be reduced, and the unlocking force is provided by the large-diameter unlocking piston, so that the unlocking is easier.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention in an unlocked position;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 in the locked position;

fig. 3 is a schematic exploded view of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the piston assembly (1) of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the half-section of FIG. 4;

fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the oil cylinder (2) of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the wedge sleeve (3) of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is another perspective view of FIG. 7;

fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view of the wedge (4) of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is another perspective view of FIG. 9;

fig. 11 is a schematic perspective view of the hydraulic cylinder (5) of the present invention;

fig. 12 is a schematic perspective view of the protective cap (6) of the present invention;

fig. 13 is a schematic perspective view of the differential piston (7) of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is another perspective view of FIG. 13;

fig. 15 is a schematic perspective view of the locking plunger (8) of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is another perspective view of FIG. 15;

fig. 17 is a schematic perspective view of the spring (9) of the present invention;

fig. 18 is a schematic perspective view of the spring grommet (10) of the present invention;

fig. 19 is a schematic perspective view of the cone plate (11) of the present invention;

FIG. 20 is another perspective view of FIG. 19;

fig. 21 is a schematic perspective view of the cone ring (12) of the present invention;

FIG. 22 is another perspective view of FIG. 21;

fig. 23 is a schematic perspective view of the unlocking piston (13) of the present invention;

FIG. 24 is another perspective view of FIG. 23;

fig. 25 is a schematic perspective view of the spring pressing nail (14) of the present invention;

FIG. 26 is another perspective view of FIG. 25;

fig. 27 is a schematic perspective view of the cylinder head (15) according to the present invention;

fig. 28 is another perspective view of fig. 27.

In the figure: the hydraulic locking device comprises a piston assembly 1, a square hole 101, an inner hole 102, an oil channel hole 103, an inner hole end face 104, an oil cylinder 2, a wedge sleeve 3, an inclined face 301, a sleeve hole 302, a spring bin hole 303, an annular groove 304, a notch 305, a wedge block 4, a lower inclined face 401, an inclined cylindrical face 402, a straight cylindrical face 403, a hydraulic locking cylinder 5, a straight cylindrical arc face 501, an inclined cylindrical arc face 502, a hydraulic locking cylinder protective cap 6, an observation hole 601, an atmospheric through groove 602, a differential piston 7, a right end face 701, a central oil through hole 702, a left annular face 703, a locking plunger 8, a left end face 801, a spring 9, a spring backing ring 10, a conical disc 11, an inner conical hole 1101, an outer circle 1102, a right end face 1103, a conical ring 12, an outer conical surface 1201, an inner hole flange 1202, an unlocking piston 13, a large-head cylindrical face 1301, a small-head cylindrical face 1302, an inner hole 1303, a right end face 1304.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The locking device is composed of a main locking mechanism and a synchronous locking mechanism, wherein the main locking mechanism comprises a piston assembly 1, a wedge sleeve 3, a wedge block 4 and a hydraulic lock cylinder 5, the wedge block 4 is assembled in a square hole 101 in the front of the piston assembly 1, a lower inclined surface 401 of the wedge block 4 is attached to an inclined surface 301 of the wedge sleeve 3, the wedge sleeve 3 and the wedge block 4 adopt a large wedge angle design, and the wedge block 4 moves along with the axial direction of the piston assembly 1 to enable the top of the wedge block 4 to move back and forth in a slideway of the hydraulic lock cylinder 5. The front end of the main locking mechanism is provided with a synchronous locking mechanism consisting of a conical ring 12 and a conical disc 11 which are pre-tightened by a spring 9, and in order to ensure the locking reliability of the whole mechanism, the conical ring 12 and the conical disc 11 adopt a small wedge angle design. The locking action of the locking mechanism is completed by the small-diameter locking plunger 8, so that the abrasion of parts can be greatly reduced, and the service life is prolonged. The unlocking is completed by the large-diameter unlocking piston 13, so that the problem that the unlocking is difficult after locking is further solved. A display mechanism composed of a differential piston 7, a protective cap 6 and a cylinder head 15 is provided at an end portion of the cylinder 5, and an operation state of the mechanism can be observed from the outside.

The left end of the piston assembly 1 is a hollow cylindrical structure, three square holes 101 are uniformly distributed on the front part of the hollow cylindrical structure along the circumference, and three wedges 4 are respectively assembled in the square holes 101, so that the lower inclined planes 401 at the bottoms of the three wedges 4 are respectively contacted with three inclined planes 301 uniformly distributed on the wedge sleeve 3. Three spring bin holes 303 are formed in the wedge sleeve 3 at the positions staggered with the inclined plane 301, and pre-tightening mechanisms consisting of spring pressing nails 14 and springs 9 are respectively arranged in the spring bin holes 303. The rear portion of the wedge sleeve 3 is sequentially provided with a spring backing ring 10, a conical disc 11, a conical ring 12 and an unlocking piston 13, the spring backing ring 10 is located between the spring 9 and the conical disc 11, the conical ring 12 is installed inside the conical disc 11, an inner hole flange 1202 of the conical ring 12 is installed in an annular groove 304 of the wedge sleeve 3, a piston rod of the unlocking piston 13 is sleeved in a wedge sleeve hole 302 of the wedge sleeve 3 in a penetrating mode, the end portion of the wedge sleeve 3 is provided with a locking plunger 8 through a screw, and a plunger rod of the locking plunger 8 is inserted into a piston rod of the unlocking piston 13.

A synchronous locking mechanism formed by a wedge sleeve 3, a spring pressing nail 14, a spring 9, a spring backing ring 10, a conical ring 12, a conical disc 11 and an unlocking piston 13 is arranged in a hollow cylindrical structure of a piston assembly 1, the piston assembly 1 and the synchronous locking mechanism in a hollow sleeve of the piston assembly 1 are arranged in a cavity formed by connecting a cylinder cover 15, a hydraulic lock cylinder 5 and an oil cylinder 2, the cylinder cover 15 is fixedly connected with the hydraulic lock cylinder 5 through bolts, a side door 16 is arranged at the rear part of the oil cylinder 2, the hydraulic lock cylinder 5 is fixedly locked with the side door 16 through a long bolt 17, a differential piston 7 is arranged between a protective cap 6 and the cylinder cover 15, the protective cap 6 is fixedly connected with the cylinder cover 15 through bolts, an observation hole 601 is formed in the circumferential direction of the protective cap 6, and an atmosphere through groove 602 is formed in the lower part.

The major diameter of the piston assembly 1 is matched with the inner hole of the oil cylinder 2, and in an unlocking state, an inclined cylindrical surface 402 and a straight cylindrical surface 403 at the top of the wedge 4 are positioned in a slide way of the hydraulic lock cylinder 5, and the slide way is composed of a straight cylindrical arc surface 501 and an inclined cylindrical arc surface 502. In the locking state, the inclined cylindrical surface 402 at the top of the wedge 4 contacts with inclined cylindrical arc surfaces 502 uniformly distributed along the circumference in the hole of the hydraulic lock cylinder 5.

The spring 9 can be compressed by tightening the spring pressing nail 14 to generate a pretightening force, the pretightening force acts on the conical disc 11 and the conical ring 12 through the spring backing ring 10, so that an inner conical hole 1101 of the conical disc 11 is tightly contacted with an outer conical surface 1201 of the conical ring 12, an outer circle 1102 of the conical disc 11 is tightly contacted with an inner hole 102 of the piston assembly 1, and three wedge sleeve notches 305 uniformly distributed along the circumference are formed at the right end of the wedge sleeve 3 for keeping an oil path smooth.

In order to make the force applied during locking uniform, the wedges 4 are distributed in a circumferential array along the piston assembly 1. In order to ensure the reliable unlocking of the main locking mechanism, the locking angle between the wedge block 4 and the wedge sleeve 3 is designed to be 10 degrees. In order to ensure the locking reliability of the synchronous locking mechanism, the locking angle between the conical ring 12 and the conical disc 11 is designed to be 5 degrees.

In order to eliminate the clearance and improve the locking rigidity, the conical ring 12 and the conical disc 11 are always pressed by the spring 9 in the locking state. For the convenience of installation, the conical ring 12 adopts a two-half involution structure. In order to be stressed evenly and assembled conveniently, the conical disc 11 adopts a watch chain-shaped structure.

The utility model discloses under the unblock state (as shown in fig. 1), hydraulic oil passes through hydraulic lock cylinder oil crossing 503 of hydraulic lock cylinder 5 and gets into, promotes piston assembly 1 and moves right, and hydraulic oil passes through part space and wedge sleeve 3's wedge sleeve notch 305 simultaneously, uses the major part left end face 1305 of unblock piston 13 to promote unblock piston 13 and move right, until the contact of the right-hand member face 1304 of unblock piston 13 and piston assembly 1's hole terminal surface 104, unblock piston 13 only plays the boosting effect this moment. Because the left end face 801 of the locking plunger 8 is also acted by the pressure of hydraulic oil, the locking plunger 8 can push the wedge sleeve 3 and the spring backing ring 10, the conical disc 11 and the conical ring 12 which are installed on the wedge sleeve 3 to move rightwards together, at this time, the left end face 801 of the locking plunger 8 is separated from the right end face 701 of the differential piston 7, the hydraulic oil is acted on the left annular face 703 of the differential piston through the differential piston center oil through hole 702, the internal motion state of the mechanism is indirectly reflected because the area of the left annular face 703 of the differential piston 7 is larger than the area of the right end face 701 of the differential piston 7, so that the differential piston 7 can move rightwards, the motion state of the differential piston 7 is observed from the outside through the observation hole 601 of the protective cap 6, the atmospheric through groove 602 which is formed on the protective cap 6 is used for communicating the right annular face of the differential piston 7 with the, the annular area of the differential piston (7) is designed to be about twice the area of the end portion. When the piston assembly 1 does not move to the stroke end locking position, the straight cylindrical surface 403 of the wedge 4 moves in the straight cylindrical arc surface 501 of the hydraulic lock cylinder 5, when the piston assembly moves to the stroke end locking position, as shown in fig. 2, the lower inclined surface 401 of the wedge 4 is acted by the inclined surface 301 of the wedge sleeve 3, the wedge 4 moves outwards in the radial direction, the inclined cylindrical surface 402 of the wedge 4 enters the inclined cylindrical arc surface 502 of the hydraulic lock cylinder 5 and is tightly matched with the inclined cylindrical arc surface, at the same time, the main locking mechanism formed by the wedge 4, the wedge sleeve 3, the hydraulic lock cylinder 5 and the piston assembly 1 is in a locking state, meanwhile, the conical disc 11 and the conical ring 12 which are arranged at the front end of the wedge sleeve 3 are always acted by the pre-tightening force of the spring 9, so that the conical hole 1101 of the conical disc is tightly contacted with the conical ring outer conical surface 1201, and the outer circle 1102 of the conical disc is also tightly contacted with the inner hole 102 of the piston assembly, and in this state, The spring 9, the spring backing ring 10, the conical ring 12, the conical disc 11 and the inner hole 102 of the piston assembly form a locking state of the synchronous locking mechanism, the synchronous locking mechanism can be reliably locked by adopting a small locking angle, and after the synchronous locking mechanism is locked, the main locking mechanism can be ensured not to be loosened under the condition that the closing pressure of hydraulic oil disappears. The action mechanism is as follows: when the closing hydraulic pressure disappears, the reaction force from the sealing piece of the ram of the blowout preventer and the well pressure acts on the piston assembly 1 to make it tend to move to the left, the force is transmitted to the inclined cylindrical arc surface 502 of the hydraulic lock cylinder 5 through the inclined cylindrical surface 402 of the wedge, and at the same time, a positive pressure is generated between the lower inclined surface 401 of the wedge 4 and the inclined surface 301 of the wedge sleeve 3, the force makes the wedge sleeve 3 have a tendency to move to the left, when the inclined angle of the inclined surface 301 of the wedge sleeve 3 is smaller than the friction angle, the main locking mechanism is self-locked, when the inclined angle is larger than the friction angle, the main locking mechanism is loosened, because the friction angle is related to the friction coefficient, and the friction coefficient is influenced by the factors of surface roughness of the parts, the state of hydraulic oil, and the like, and is not an exact value, and then the unreliable locking mechanism is caused by the result, and the arrangement of the synchronous locking mechanism can eliminate the influence, after the synchronous locking mechanism is locked, the wedge sleeve 3 can not move leftwards relative to the piston assembly 1, and the wedge sleeve 3 can not move leftwards, so that the main locking mechanism consisting of the wedge block 4, the wedge sleeve 3, the hydraulic lock cylinder 5 and the piston assembly 1 can be reliably locked at a locking position.

The utility model discloses under the lock status (as shown in fig. 2), hydraulic oil passes through side door oil road junction 1601 of side door 16, acts on piston assembly 1's right side toroidal surface, also acts on unblock piston right-hand member face 1304 through piston assembly 1's oil duct hole 103, because the right-hand member face 1304 area of unblock piston 13 is great, can produce great unblock power to guarantee the reliability of unblock. Under the action of oil pressure, the right end face 1304 of the unlocking piston moves leftwards until the left end face 1305 of the big end of the unlocking piston contacts with the right end face 1103 of the conical disc and pushes the conical disc 11 to move leftwards, the conical disc 11 moves leftwards to make the conical disc inner taper hole 1101 separate from the conical ring outer taper surface 1201, so that the locking state of the synchronous locking mechanism is damaged, after the synchronous locking mechanism is unlocked, the unlocking piston 13 continues to move leftwards to push the wedge sleeve 3 and the spring backing ring 10, the conical disc 11 and the conical ring 12 which are installed on the wedge sleeve 3 to move leftwards, while the wedge sleeve 3 moves leftwards, the piston assembly 1 also moves leftwards under the action of the oil pressure, the wedge 4 moves leftwards along with the piston assembly 1, so that the inclined cylindrical surface 402 of the wedge 4 is constrained by the inclined cylindrical arc surface 502 of the hydraulic lock cylinder 5, the wedge 4 is caused to move leftwards and contract radially inwards until the inclined cylindrical surface 402 of the wedge 4 completely separates from the inclined cylindrical arc surface 502, the straight cylindrical surface 403 of the wedge sleeve 4 enters the straight cylindrical cambered surface 501 of the hydraulic lock cylinder, at this time, the main locking mechanism is completely in an unlocked state, the left movement is continued, so that the left end surface 801 of the locking plunger 8 is in contact with the right end surface 701 of the differential piston 7, the differential piston 7 is pushed to move left, the protruding end surface of the differential piston 7 is about 20mm, and at this time, the blowout preventer is in a completely opened state (as shown in fig. 1).

Claims

1. A ram preventer hydraulic locking device which characterized in that: the locking device is composed of a main locking mechanism and a synchronous locking mechanism, wherein the main locking mechanism comprises a piston assembly (1), a wedge sleeve (3), a wedge block (4) and a hydraulic lock cylinder (5), the wedge block (4) is assembled in a square hole (101) in the front of the piston assembly (1), a lower inclined surface (401) of the wedge block (4) is attached to an inclined surface (301) of the wedge sleeve (3), the wedge block (4) moves axially along with the piston assembly (1) to enable the top of the wedge block (4) to move back and forth in a slide way of the hydraulic lock cylinder (5), the synchronous locking mechanism composed of a conical ring (12) and a conical disc (11) pre-tightened by a spring (9) is arranged at the front end of the main locking mechanism, a display mechanism composed of a differential piston (7), a protective cap (6) and a cylinder cover (15) is arranged at the end of the hydraulic lock cylinder (5), and the working state of the mechanism can be observed from the outside.

2. The hydraulic locking device of a ram blowout preventer of claim 1, wherein: three square holes (101) are uniformly distributed on the front part of a piston assembly (1) along the circumference, three wedges (4) are respectively assembled in the square holes (101), lower inclined planes (401) at the bottoms of the three wedges (4) are respectively contacted with three inclined planes (301) uniformly distributed on a wedge sleeve (3), three spring bin holes (303) are arranged at the positions staggered with the inclined planes (301) in the wedge sleeve (3), pre-tightening mechanisms consisting of spring pressing nails (14) and springs (9) are respectively arranged in the spring bin holes (303), a spring backing ring (10), a conical disc (11), a conical ring (12) and an unlocking piston (13) are sequentially arranged at the rear part of the wedge sleeve (3), the spring backing ring (10) is positioned between the springs (9) and the conical disc (11), the conical ring (12) is arranged in the conical disc (11), and an inner hole flange (1202) of the conical ring (12) is arranged in an annular groove (304) of the wedge sleeve (3), a piston rod of the unlocking piston (13) is sleeved in a wedge sleeve hole (302) of the wedge sleeve (3) in a penetrating mode, a locking plunger (8) is installed at the end portion of the wedge sleeve (3) through a screw, and a plunger rod of the locking plunger (8) is inserted into the piston rod of the unlocking piston (13).

3. The hydraulic locking device of a ram blowout preventer of claim 2, wherein: the left end of the piston assembly (1) is of a hollow cylindrical structure, a synchronous locking mechanism formed by a wedge sleeve (3), a spring pressing nail (14), a spring (9), a spring backing ring (10), a conical ring (12), a conical disc (11) and an unlocking piston (13) is arranged in the hollow cylindrical structure of the piston assembly (1), the piston assembly (1) and the synchronous locking mechanism in the hollow sleeve of the piston assembly (1) are arranged in a cavity formed by connecting a cylinder cover (15), a hydraulic lock cylinder (5) and an oil cylinder (2), the cylinder cover (15) is fixedly connected with the hydraulic lock cylinder (5) through bolts, a side door (16) is arranged at the rear part of the oil cylinder (2), the hydraulic lock cylinder (5) is fixedly locked with the side door (16) through a long bolt (17), a differential piston (7) is arranged between a protective cap (6) and the cylinder cover (15), the protective cap (6) is fixedly connected with the cylinder cover (15) through bolts, an observation hole (601) is formed in the circumferential direction of the protective cap (6), an atmosphere through groove (602) is formed in the lower portion of the protective cap (6), and the atmosphere through groove (602) is used for enabling the right annular surface of the differential piston (7) to be communicated with the atmosphere.

4. The hydraulic locking device of a ram blowout preventer of claim 3, wherein: the large diameter of the piston assembly (1) is matched with an inner hole of the oil cylinder (2), and in an unlocking state, an inclined cylindrical surface (402) and a straight cylindrical surface (403) at the top of the wedge block (4) are positioned in a slide way of the hydraulic lock cylinder (5), and the slide way is composed of a straight cylindrical arc surface (501) and an inclined cylindrical arc surface (502); in a locking state, the inclined cylindrical surface (402) at the top of the wedge block (4) is contacted with inclined cylindrical arc surfaces (502) which are uniformly distributed in the hole of the hydraulic lock cylinder (5) along the circumference.

5. The hydraulic locking device of a ram blowout preventer of claim 2, wherein: the spring pressing nail (14) is tightened to compress the spring (9) to generate a pretightening force, the pretightening force acts on the conical disc (11) and the conical ring (12) through the spring backing ring (10), so that an inner conical hole (1101) of the conical disc (11) is tightly contacted with an outer conical surface (1201) of the conical ring (12), an outer circle (1102) of the conical disc (11) is tightly contacted with an inner hole (102) of the piston assembly (1), and three wedge sleeve notches (305) uniformly distributed along the circumference are formed in the right end of the wedge sleeve (3) to keep an oil circuit smooth.

6. The hydraulic locking device of a ram blowout preventer of claim 2, wherein: in order to ensure uniform stress during locking, the wedge blocks (4) are distributed along the circumferential array of the piston assembly (1), in order to ensure reliable unlocking of the main locking mechanism, the locking angle between the wedge block (4) and the wedge sleeve (3) is designed to be 10 degrees, and in order to ensure reliable locking of the synchronous locking mechanism, the locking angle between the conical ring (12) and the conical disc (11) is designed to be 5 degrees.

7. The hydraulic locking device of a ram blowout preventer of claim 6, wherein: in order to eliminate gaps and improve locking rigidity, the conical ring (12) and the conical disc (11) are always pressed by the spring (9) in a locking state, the conical ring (12) adopts a two-half involution structure for convenience in installation, and the conical disc (11) adopts a watch chain-shaped structure for uniform stress and convenience in assembly.

8. The hydraulic locking device of a ram blowout preventer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the conical ring (12) and the conical disc (11) are always pressed by the spring (9) in a locking state.