CN212665091U - Composite cutting device for precision machining - Google Patents
Composite cutting device for precision machining Download PDFInfo
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- CN212665091U CN212665091U CN202021552736.7U CN202021552736U CN212665091U CN 212665091 U CN212665091 U CN 212665091U CN 202021552736 U CN202021552736 U CN 202021552736U CN 212665091 U CN212665091 U CN 212665091U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a composite cutting device for precision machining, which comprises an ultraprecision machining tool, a hard alloy cutting mechanism and a diamond cutting mechanism; in a working state, the hard alloy cutting mechanism is firstly arranged on an ultra-precise processing machine tool for processing, and then the diamond cutting mechanism replaces the hard alloy cutting mechanism for further processing; the hard alloy cutting mechanism comprises a hard alloy cutter and a cutter rest; the diamond cutting mechanism comprises an ultrasonic elliptical vibration device and a low-temperature micro-lubricating device; and a main shaft of the lathe bed of the ultraprecise processing machine tool is provided with a pure iron workpiece. The device provided by the invention is suitable for carrying out ultra-precision machining on the pure iron high-plasticity material, is beneficial to overcoming the problems of large cutting force, high cutting temperature and poor machining surface precision caused by serious cutter abrasion in the ultra-precision cutting process of the existing pure iron material, improves the cutting surface quality of the pure iron high-plasticity material and prolongs the service life of the cutting cutter.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an accurate and ultra-precision cutting technical field, concretely relates to combined cutting device for precision finishing.
Background
The sample made of pure iron high-plasticity materials is a key part for physical experiment research, the manufacturing quality of the surface of the sample requires that the processed surface is ideal surface micro-morphology and the surface roughness is better than 10nm, the processed surface layer material is close to the base material and the surface deterioration layer depth is better than 100nm, the sample has almost no surface residual stress, and surface defects such as inclusion, embedding and the like cannot be brought in. Because the surface of a workpiece is not allowed to have the requirement of residual pollution in engineering use, the problem of the surface quality of a sample is solved by adopting an ultra-precise turning technology.
The high plasticity characteristic of the pure iron material, the large chip deformation, the serious work hardening and the fast tool abrasion in the cutting process, and the processed surface layer material can generate serious plastic flow under the action of cutting force, cutting heat and coupling thereof, which is the root cause of the poor processing surface quality of the pure iron sample. In order to obtain a high machined surface of a workpiece, technological measures such as optimized geometric parameters of a cutter, a coating, cutting technological parameters, a cooling and lubricating mode and the like are usually adopted in production, but the plastic deformation of a pure iron high-plastic material in machining is not fundamentally reduced, and obviously, the traditional cutting method cannot meet the technical requirements of precise physical experimental parts. Natural single crystal diamond is known to have excellent characteristics such as high hardness, capability of grinding an extremely sharp cutting edge, and cutting an extremely thin chip, and is considered to be an ideal tool material for ultra-precision cutting. The single-point diamond ultra-precision turning can obtain the surface roughness of nanometer level and the surface precision of submicron level after one-time processing, and has wide development prospect. Literature research shows that the graphitization problem of the diamond cutter in the ultra-precision turning process of the pure iron high-plasticity material is a main factor for restricting the ultra-precision processing application of the pure iron high-plasticity material.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses the technical problem that will solve is: the ultra-precision cutting process cutting force of current pure iron class material is big, cutting temperature is high, cutter wearing and tearing seriously lead to the poor problem of machined surface precision, the utility model provides a solve the composite cutting device for precision finishing of above-mentioned problem.
The utility model discloses a following technical scheme realizes:
a composite cutting device for precision machining comprises an ultraprecision machining machine tool, a hard alloy cutting mechanism and a diamond cutting mechanism; in a working state, the hard alloy cutting mechanism is firstly arranged on an ultra-precise processing machine tool for processing, and then the diamond cutting mechanism replaces the hard alloy cutting mechanism for further processing; the hard alloy cutting mechanism comprises a hard alloy cutter and a cutter rest, the cutter rest is arranged on a Z-axis guide rail of the lathe bed of the ultra-precision machining lathe, and the hard alloy cutter is arranged on the cutter rest; the diamond cutting mechanism comprises an ultrasonic elliptical vibration device and a low-temperature micro-lubricating device; the ultrasonic elliptical vibration device is arranged on a Z-axis guide rail of the lathe bed of the ultraprecise processing machine tool through a height adjusting device, the fixed end of the height adjusting device is arranged on the lathe bed of the ultraprecise processing machine tool, and the lifting end of the height adjusting device is provided with the ultrasonic elliptical vibration device; the ultrasonic elliptic vibration device is used for mounting a diamond cutter; the low-temperature micro-lubricating device is arranged on a Z-axis guide rail of the lathe bed of the ultra-precision machining tool, and a nozzle of the low-temperature micro-lubricating device is aligned to the tool tip part of the diamond tool; and a main shaft of the lathe bed of the ultraprecise processing machine tool is provided with a pure iron workpiece.
The utility model provides a composite cutting device, which comprises a hard alloy cutting mechanism and a diamond cutting mechanism which are combined, wherein the hard alloy cutting mechanism and the diamond cutting mechanism are adopted to process pure iron workpieces in turn; then, an ultrasonic elliptical vibration device and a low-temperature micro-lubricating device are adopted for synchronous operation, and by utilizing the separation characteristic of a cutter-tool and a cutter-scrap of high-frequency ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting, the ultrasonic vibration cutting mode can more effectively enable cutting fluid to enter an actual cutting area; the auxiliary low-temperature micro-lubricating cooling and lubricating mode performs local physical modification and tool-tool/tool-scrap antifriction and lubricating effects on the material in the cutting area, locally reduces the plasticity of the material, and reduces the cutting force and the cutting temperature, thereby improving the cutting surface quality of the high-purity iron high-plasticity material.
The utility model provides a compound cutting device theory of use mainly does: firstly, starting cooling liquid, and precisely turning a workpiece by using a hard alloy cutter to flatten the surface of the workpiece. Secondly, starting an ultrasonic elliptical vibration device, and driving a diamond cutter to generate periodic elliptical vibration by the ultrasonic elliptical vibration device to perform ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting; meanwhile, a low-temperature micro-lubricating device is used for spraying cooling liquid to the tool tip of the diamond tool, so that the cooling and lubricating effects are realized; and performing semi-precision turning on the hard alloy flattening workpiece by using a diamond cutter. Thirdly, starting an ultrasonic elliptical vibration device, and driving the diamond cutter to generate periodic elliptical vibration by the ultrasonic elliptical vibration device to carry out ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting; meanwhile, a low-temperature micro-lubricating device is used for spraying cooling liquid to the tool tip of the diamond tool, so that the cooling and lubricating effects are realized; and precisely machining the semi-precision turning workpiece by using a diamond cutter to finally finish machining.
Further preferably, the device also comprises a compressed gas storage tank and a gas pipe, wherein the compressed gas storage tank is used for storing compressed gas; one end of the air pipe is connected with the output end of the compressed gas storage tank, and the other end of the air pipe is connected with the input end of the low-temperature micro-lubricating device; and the output end of the compressed gas storage tank is provided with a pressure reducing valve.
Preferably, the compressed gas storage tank is connected to a gas pipe of the low-temperature minimal quantity lubrication device, and a low-temperature minimal quantity lubrication device controller is further arranged on the gas pipe and used for controlling the on-off and the delivery quantity of the compressed gas.
Preferably, the low-temperature minimal quantity lubrication device controller further comprises an oil pressure gauge for displaying the pressure of the compressed gas delivered to the low-temperature minimal quantity lubrication device.
Further preferably, the ultrasonic elliptical vibration device further comprises an ultrasonic elliptical vibration device controller, and the ultrasonic elliptical vibration device controller is used for controlling vibration parameters of the ultrasonic elliptical vibration device.
Further preferably, the tool tip of the diamond tool is perpendicular to the processing surface of the pure iron workpiece, and the axis of the nozzle forms an included angle alpha with the surface of the pure iron workpiece, and the included angle alpha is more than 0 and less than 90 degrees.
The utility model discloses have following advantage and beneficial effect:
the utility model provides a composite cutting device, which comprises a hard alloy cutting mechanism and a diamond cutting mechanism which are combined, wherein the hard alloy cutting mechanism and the diamond cutting mechanism are adopted to process pure iron workpieces in turn; then, an ultrasonic elliptical vibration device and a low-temperature micro-lubricating device are adopted for synchronous operation, and by utilizing the separation characteristic of a cutter-tool and a cutter-scrap of high-frequency ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting, the ultrasonic vibration cutting mode can more effectively enable cutting fluid to enter an actual cutting area; the auxiliary low-temperature micro-lubricating cooling and lubricating mode performs local physical modification and tool-tool/tool-scrap antifriction and lubricating effects on the material in the cutting area, locally reduces the plasticity of the material, and reduces the cutting force and the cutting temperature, thereby improving the cutting surface quality of the high-purity iron high-plasticity material.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a front view of the composite cutting device for precision machining according to the present invention.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings: 1-ultraprecise processing machine tool body, 2-X axis, 3-main shaft, 4-vacuum chuck, 5-pure iron workpiece, 6-nozzle, 7-diamond cutter, 8-low temperature micro-lubricating device, 9-ultrasonic elliptical vibrating device, 10-air pipe, 11-pressure reducing valve, 12-compressed gas storage tank, 13-low temperature micro-lubricating device controller, 14-oil pressure gauge, 15-ultrasonic elliptical vibrating device controller, 16-Z axis, and 17-height adjusting device.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the following examples and drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof of the present invention are only used for explaining the present invention, and are not intended as limitations of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a composite cutting device for precision machining, which comprises an ultraprecision machining tool, a hard alloy cutting mechanism and a diamond cutting mechanism; in a working state, the hard alloy cutting mechanism is firstly arranged on the ultra-precise processing machine tool for processing, and then the diamond cutting mechanism replaces the hard alloy cutting mechanism for continuously processing, namely the hard alloy cutting mechanism and the diamond cutting mechanism are adopted for sequentially processing pure iron workpieces 5 in turn.
The ultraprecise processing machine tool comprises an ultraprecise processing machine tool body 1, an X shaft 2 and a Z shaft 16 are arranged on the ultraprecise processing machine tool body 1, a main shaft 3 is arranged on the X shaft 2, a sucking disc 4 is arranged on the main shaft 3, and a pure iron workpiece 5 is adsorbed and fixed through the sucking disc 4.
The hard alloy cutting mechanism comprises a hard alloy cutter and a cutter rest, the cutter rest is arranged on a Z-axis 16 guide rail of the ultra-precision processing machine tool body 1, the hard alloy cutter is arranged on the cutter rest, and the cutter point of the hard alloy cutter is aligned to the processing surface of the pure iron workpiece 5;
the diamond cutting mechanism comprises an ultrasonic elliptical vibration device 9 and a low-temperature minimal quantity lubrication device 8. The ultrasonic elliptical vibration device 9 is arranged on a Z-axis 16 guide rail of the ultra-precision machine tool body 1 through a height adjusting device 17, the fixed end of the height adjusting device 17 is arranged on the ultra-precision machine tool body 1, and the lifting end of the height adjusting device 17 is provided with the ultrasonic elliptical vibration device 9; the ultrasonic elliptic vibration device 9 is used for mounting a diamond cutter 7, and the tool tip of the diamond cutter 7 is aligned with the processing surface of the pure iron workpiece 5; the height adjusting device 17 adopts a conventional lifting mechanism with a linear guide rail or a lead screw to realize high-precision lifting adjustment. The low-temperature micro-lubricating device 8 is arranged on a Z-axis 16 guide rail of the ultra-precision machine tool body 1, and a nozzle 6 of the low-temperature micro-lubricating device 8 is aligned with the tool tip part of the diamond tool 7; a main shaft 3 of the ultra-precision processing machine tool body 1 is provided with a pure iron workpiece 5.
Example 2
The improved structure is further improved on the basis of the embodiment 1, and further comprises a compressed gas storage tank 12 and a gas pipe 10, wherein the compressed gas storage tank 12 is used for storing compressed gas; one end of the air pipe 10 is connected with the output end of the compressed gas storage tank 12, and the other end of the air pipe 10 is connected with the input end of the low-temperature micro-lubricating device 8; the output end of the compressed gas storage tank 12 is provided with a pressure reducing valve 11. A low-temperature micro-lubricating device controller 13 is further arranged on a pipeline of the compressed gas storage tank 12 connected to the gas pipe 10 of the low-temperature micro-lubricating device 8, and the low-temperature micro-lubricating device controller 13 is used for controlling the on-off and the delivery quantity of the compressed gas. The low-temperature minimal quantity lubrication device controller 13 further comprises an oil pressure gauge 14, and the oil pressure gauge 14 is used for displaying the pressure of the compressed gas delivered to the low-temperature minimal quantity lubrication device 8.
In addition, an ultrasonic elliptical vibration device controller 15 is also included, and the ultrasonic elliptical vibration device controller 15 is used for controlling the vibration parameters of the ultrasonic elliptical vibration device 9.
Wherein, the low-temperature minimal quantity lubrication device 8, the low-temperature minimal quantity lubrication device controller, the ultrasonic elliptical vibration device and the ultrasonic elliptical vibration device controller all adopt the existing devices.
Example 3
In addition to the improvement of the embodiment 1, the point of the diamond tool 7 is perpendicular to the processing surface of the pure iron workpiece 5, the axis of the nozzle 6 forms an included angle α with the surface of the pure iron workpiece 5, and the included angle α satisfies 0 < α < 90 °, and the present embodiment α is 45 °.
The principle of ultraprecise machining of a pure iron workpiece by using the composite cutting apparatus for precise machining provided in embodiment 3 is specifically as follows:
step 1: preheating the ultraprecise processing machine tool, and ensuring that the environmental temperature in the cutting process is controlled to be 20 +/-2 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 40-60 percent and the cleanliness is controlled to be more than 1000 grade.
Step 2: and (3) mounting the pure iron workpiece on a vacuum chuck of the main shaft of the ultra-precision machine tool to complete the dynamic balance adjustment of the workpiece.
And step 3: and (3) starting the oil-based cooling liquid, precisely turning the workpiece by using a hard alloy cutter, flattening the surface of the workpiece, closing the cooling liquid after flattening, and removing the hard alloy cutter frame. And setting hard alloy cutting parameters.
And 4, step 4: and (3) installing the ultrasonic elliptical vibration device and the precise height adjusting device on a Z axis of the ultra-precise machine tool, installing a diamond cutter, starting a controller of the ultrasonic elliptical vibration device, adjusting the amplitude and the phase difference, and finishing tool setting.
And 5: the low-temperature minimal quantity lubrication device is arranged on the Z axis of the ultra-precision machine tool, the nozzle is aligned to the diamond cutter point of the ultrasonic elliptical vibration device, and appropriate parameters are set by adjusting a controller of the low-temperature minimal quantity lubrication device.
Step 6: and (3) processing the hard alloy flattening workpiece by using a diamond cutter and adopting semi-precision turning parameters, simultaneously starting an ultrasonic elliptic vibration device controller and a low-temperature micro-lubricating device controller, setting the ultrasonic elliptic vibration to be 0.1 mu m in parallel with the axial vibration of the cutter tip, setting the vertical vibration of the cutter tip to be 2 mu m, setting the vibration frequency to be 100KHz, and setting the diamond semi-precision turning parameters to finish semi-precision machining.
And 7: and (3) processing the semi-precision turning workpiece by using a diamond cutter and adopting precision turning parameters, starting an ultrasonic elliptic vibration device controller and a low-temperature micro-lubricating device controller simultaneously, setting the precision turning parameters of the diamond to finish the finish machining, wherein the ultrasonic elliptic vibration is parallel to the axial vibration of the tool tip and is 0.1 mu m, the vertical vibration of the tool tip is 2 mu m, and the vibration frequency is 100 KHz.
And 8: and closing the micro-lubricating device and the ultrasonic elliptical vibration device, taking down the pure iron workpiece, performing ultrasonic cleaning by using acetone and alcohol, drying and storing to obtain the ultra-precision pure iron surface sample based on the ultra-precision machining of the low-temperature micro-lubricating and ultrasonic elliptical vibration combined cutting.
The above-mentioned embodiments, further detailed description of the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, it should be understood that the above description is only the embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A composite cutting device for precision machining is characterized by comprising an ultraprecision machining tool, a hard alloy cutting mechanism and a diamond cutting mechanism; in a working state, the hard alloy cutting mechanism is firstly arranged on an ultra-precise processing machine tool for processing, and then the diamond cutting mechanism replaces the hard alloy cutting mechanism for further processing;
the hard alloy cutting mechanism comprises a hard alloy cutter and a cutter rest, the cutter rest is arranged on a guide rail of a Z-axis (16) of the lathe bed (1) of the ultra-precision processing machine tool, and the hard alloy cutter is arranged on the cutter rest;
the diamond cutting mechanism comprises an ultrasonic elliptical vibration device (9) and a low-temperature micro-lubricating device (8);
the ultrasonic elliptical vibration device (9) is arranged on a Z-axis (16) guide rail of the ultra-precision processing machine tool body (1) through a height adjusting device (17), the fixed end of the height adjusting device (17) is arranged on the ultra-precision processing machine tool body (1), and the lifting end of the height adjusting device is provided with the ultrasonic elliptical vibration device (9); the ultrasonic elliptic vibration device (9) is used for mounting a diamond cutter (7);
the low-temperature micro-lubricating device (8) is arranged on a Z-axis (16) guide rail of the ultra-precision machine tool body (1), and a nozzle (6) of the low-temperature micro-lubricating device (8) is aligned to the tool tip part of the diamond tool (7);
and a main shaft (3) of the ultra-precision processing machine tool body (1) is provided with a pure iron workpiece (5).
2. The composite cutting apparatus for precision machining according to claim 1, further comprising a compressed gas storage tank (12) and a gas pipe (10), wherein the compressed gas storage tank (12) stores compressed gas therein; one end of the air pipe (10) is connected with the output end of the compressed gas storage tank (12), and the other end of the air pipe (10) is connected with the input end of the low-temperature micro-lubricating device (8); and a pressure reducing valve (11) is arranged at the output end of the compressed gas storage tank (12).
3. The combined cutting device for precision machining according to claim 2, wherein a low-temperature minimal quantity lubrication device controller (13) is further arranged on a pipeline of the compressed gas storage tank (12) connected to the gas pipe (10) of the low-temperature minimal quantity lubrication device (8), and the low-temperature minimal quantity lubrication device controller (13) is used for controlling the on-off and delivery amount of the compressed gas.
4. The composite cutting apparatus for precision machining according to claim 3, wherein the low-temperature minimal quantity lubrication apparatus controller (13) further includes an oil pressure gauge (14), and the oil pressure gauge (14) is configured to indicate a pressure level of the compressed gas supplied to the low-temperature minimal quantity lubrication apparatus (8).
5. The composite cutting device for precision machining according to claim 1, further comprising an ultrasonic elliptical vibration device controller (15), the ultrasonic elliptical vibration device controller (15) being configured to control vibration parameters of the ultrasonic elliptical vibration device (9).
6. The composite cutting device for precision machining according to claim 1, wherein the point of the diamond tool (7) is perpendicular to the machining surface of the pure iron work piece (5), and the axis of the nozzle (6) forms an angle α with the surface of the pure iron work piece (5), and satisfies 0 < α < 90 °.
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| CN202021552736.7U CN212665091U (en) | 2020-07-30 | 2020-07-30 | Composite cutting device for precision machining |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111842940A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-30 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Ultra-precision machining method and device based on combined cutting |
| CN113290421A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-08-24 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Local low-temperature heat insulation device and system for cerium lanthanum alloy ultra-precision machining |
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2020
- 2020-07-30 CN CN202021552736.7U patent/CN212665091U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111842940A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-30 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Ultra-precision machining method and device based on combined cutting |
| CN113290421A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-08-24 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Local low-temperature heat insulation device and system for cerium lanthanum alloy ultra-precision machining |
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