CN212614918U - Carbon dioxide Brayton cycle and turbocharged internal combustion engine waste heat utilization system - Google Patents
Carbon dioxide Brayton cycle and turbocharged internal combustion engine waste heat utilization system Download PDFInfo
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- CN212614918U CN212614918U CN202021125324.5U CN202021125324U CN212614918U CN 212614918 U CN212614918 U CN 212614918U CN 202021125324 U CN202021125324 U CN 202021125324U CN 212614918 U CN212614918 U CN 212614918U
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- combustion engine
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- internal combustion
- turbine
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Abstract
The utility model discloses a carbon dioxide brayton cycle and turbocharged internal-combustion engine waste heat utilization system in vehicle engineering field to thereby overcome the working medium difference that adopts among the prior art among the waste heat recovery system and lead to waste heat recovery system's huge complicated defect. The utility model discloses a carbon dioxide is as turbo boost and brayton endless single working medium, utilizes the stable chemical property of carbon dioxide and critical temperature low and near critical point have lower compression factor, recoverable high temperature used heat just has compact structure, high characteristics such as thermal efficiency, improves internal-combustion engine fuel comprehensive utilization; the Brayton cycle and the turbocharging can share one turbine for power output, so that the complexity of the whole system is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the vehicle engineering field specifically is carbon dioxide brayton cycle and turbocharged internal-combustion engine waste heat utilization system.
Background
The internal combustion engine is used as a traditional power output device and widely applied to the fields of industrial driving, distributed energy systems, ship and automobile power and the like, and the fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine accounts for about 60 percent of the crude oil consumption. However, only one third of the energy released by the combustion of the fuel is converted into output power, and most of the energy is discharged to the atmosphere in the form of waste heat. Therefore, the method has important significance for effectively recycling the waste heat of the internal combustion engine and realizing the cascade utilization of energy to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the fuel of the internal combustion engine.
The traditional internal combustion engine waste heat recovery mode mainly comprises a turbocharger and an organic Rankine cycle system, wherein the turbocharger can recover high-temperature energy in exhaust, and the organic Rankine cycle system can only recover part of low-temperature energy (<100 ℃) due to the limitation that a working medium is easy to be decomposed by heat.
The turbine working medium in the turbocharger is exhaust gas with complex components of the internal combustion engine, and solid particles and acid gas contained in the exhaust gas generate certain erosion and corrosion on turbine blades; the exhaust gas passing through the turbocharger still has high temperature (300-500 ℃), but the organic Rankine cycle system cannot recover the high-temperature energy under the influence of the properties of the working medium, so that the energy-saving effect is not obvious; the waste heat recovery device (including the turbocharger and the organic Rankine cycle system) adopts different working media (respectively exhaust and organic working media), and the complexity of the system is increased.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a system for single working medium circulation to save the floor space of the waste heat recovery device and reduce the complexity of the waste heat recovery system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: comprises an internal combustion engine, a waste heat exchanger, a turbine, a high-temperature heat regenerator, a low-temperature heat regenerator, a precooler, an air compressor, a motor, a main compressor and a recompressor which are arranged in sequence along a waste gas circulation path, the turbine is internally provided with an impeller, the waste heat exchanger receives high-temperature exhaust of the internal combustion engine and transfers heat to the supercritical carbon dioxide, the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide expands to do work to drive the impeller of the turbine to rotate, the main compressor, the secondary compressor, the air compressor and the motor are driven in the rotating process of the turbine, the supercritical carbon dioxide which does work passes through the high-temperature heat regenerator and the low-temperature heat regenerator, the supercritical carbon dioxide in the low-temperature heat regenerator is divided into a main path cycle and a secondary path cycle, and the supercritical carbon dioxide in the main path flows back to the waste heat exchanger after passing through the precooler, the main compressor and the high-temperature heat regenerator to complete the main path cycle.
Furthermore, a secondary compressor is arranged in the stroke of the supercritical carbon dioxide of the secondary path, a driving part of the secondary compressor is a turbine, the supercritical carbon dioxide of the secondary path passes through the secondary compressor, the supercritical carbon dioxide of the secondary path and the supercritical carbon dioxide of the main path are converged in a high-temperature heat regenerator to be heated together, and finally the supercritical carbon dioxide of the secondary path flows back to the waste heat exchanger to complete the circulation of the secondary path.
Furthermore, a flow divider for dividing the main path cycle and the secondary path cycle is arranged at the junction of the low-temperature heat regenerator and the recompressor, the inlet of the flow divider faces the low-temperature heat regenerator, and the two outlets of the flow divider respectively face the precooler and the recompressor.
Furthermore, a mixer is arranged at the junction of the recompressor and the high-temperature heat regenerator, the receiving end of the mixer faces the main compressor and the recompressor, and the outlet of the mixer faces the high-temperature heat regenerator.
Further, an output shaft of the turbine is connected with a driving shaft of the motor, and the supercritical carbon dioxide expands in the turbine to do work to drive the motor to rotate, so that electric energy is output outwards.
Furthermore, the output shaft of the turbine is connected with the driving shaft of the air compressor, the turbine drives the air compressor to compress inlet air to a certain pressure, the inlet air density of the combustion chamber is improved, and the output power of the internal combustion engine is increased.
Further, high-temperature exhaust gas generated by combustion of the fuel and air of the internal combustion engine in the cylinder enters a waste heat exchanger to transfer heat to the supercritical carbon dioxide.
After the scheme is adopted, the following beneficial effects are realized:
1. the utility model adopts carbon dioxide as a single working medium for turbocharging and Brayton cycle, utilizes the stable chemical property of carbon dioxide (which is not easy to be decomposed when being heated) and the low critical temperature and the low compression factor near the critical point (which can effectively reduce the power consumption of the compressor), can recover high-temperature waste heat and has the characteristics of compact structure, high thermal efficiency and the like, and improves the comprehensive utilization rate of the fuel of the internal combustion engine; the Brayton cycle and the turbocharging can share one turbine for power output, so that the complexity of the whole system is reduced.
2. The utility model can utilize the special property of the supercritical carbon dioxide and recover the exhaust waste heat of the internal combustion engine so as to provide the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy; the turbine drives the air compressor to pressurize air, so that the combustion efficiency of the internal combustion engine is improved, and the fuel utilization rate is improved; the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system and the turbocharger share one turbine, so that the investment cost and the complexity of the whole system are reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the system comprises an internal combustion engine 1, a waste heat exchanger 2, a turbine 3, a high-temperature heat regenerator 4, a low-temperature heat regenerator 5, a precooler 6, a main compressor 7, a recompressor 8, a flow divider 9, a motor 10, a mixer 11 and an air compressor 12.
The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached figure 1: the turbine is internally provided with an impeller, the waste heat exchanger receives high-temperature exhaust of the internal combustion engine, the waste heat exchanger transfers heat to the turbine, the supercritical carbon dioxide expands to do work to drive the impeller of the turbine to rotate, the main compressor, the recompressor, the air compressor and the motor are driven in the rotation process of the turbine, the supercritical carbon dioxide after doing work passes through the high-temperature heat regenerator and the low-temperature heat regenerator, the supercritical carbon dioxide in the low-temperature heat regenerator is divided into a main path cycle and a secondary path cycle, and the supercritical carbon dioxide in the main path flows back to the waste heat exchanger after passing through the precooler, the main compressor and the high-temperature heat regenerator to complete the main path cycle.
The secondary path is provided with a secondary compressor in the stroke of the supercritical carbon dioxide, the driving part of the secondary compressor is a turbine, the supercritical carbon dioxide of the secondary path passes through the secondary compressor, the supercritical carbon dioxide of the secondary path and the supercritical carbon dioxide of the primary path are converged in a high-temperature heat regenerator to be heated together, and finally the supercritical carbon dioxide of the secondary path flows back to a waste heat exchanger to complete the circulation of the secondary path.
The junction of the low-temperature heat regenerator and the recompressor is provided with a flow divider for dividing the main path cycle and the secondary path cycle, the inlet of the flow divider faces the low-temperature heat regenerator, the two outlets of the flow divider respectively face the precooler and the recompressor, the junction of the recompressor and the high-temperature heat regenerator is provided with a mixer, the receiving end of the mixer faces the main compressor and the recompressor, and the outlet of the mixer faces the high-temperature heat regenerator.
The output shaft of the turbine is connected with the driving shaft of the motor, the supercritical carbon dioxide expands in the turbine to do work to drive the motor to rotate, so that electric energy is output outwards, the output shaft of the turbine is connected with the driving shaft of the air compressor, the turbine drives the air compressor to compress inlet air to a certain pressure, the inlet air density of a combustion chamber is improved, the output power of the internal combustion engine is increased, and high-temperature exhaust gas generated after combustion of fuel and air of the internal combustion engine in the cylinder enters the waste heat exchanger to transfer heat to the supercritical carbon dioxide.
The specific implementation process is as follows: the high-temperature exhaust of the internal combustion engine transfers heat to supercritical carbon dioxide through a waste heat exchanger, the supercritical carbon dioxide expands in a turbine to do work, the supercritical carbon dioxide which does work sequentially passes through a high-temperature heat regenerator and a low-temperature heat regenerator, a working medium which is discharged from the low-temperature heat regenerator is divided into two parts, one part of the working medium enters a main compressor through a precooler to be compressed and absorbs heat in the low-temperature heat regenerator, the other part of the working medium enters a recompressor to be compressed, and the two working media are heated through the high-temperature heat regenerator after being converged and enter the waste heat exchanger; one part of work of the supercritical carbon dioxide turbine expansion provides power for a main compressor and a recompression machine, the other part of work provides power for an air compressor, and the rest of work is output in an electric mode, wherein the air compressor improves the combustion effect of fuel in an internal combustion engine by improving air pressure, and the fuel utilization rate is improved.
The utility model can utilize the special property of the supercritical carbon dioxide and recover the exhaust waste heat of the internal combustion engine so as to provide the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy; the turbine drives the air compressor to pressurize air, so that the combustion efficiency of the internal combustion engine is improved, and the fuel utilization rate is improved; the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system and the turbocharger share one turbine, so that the investment cost and the complexity of the whole system are reduced.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The above description is only for the embodiments of the present invention, and the common general knowledge of the known specific structures and characteristics in the schemes is not described herein too much, and those skilled in the art will know all the common technical knowledge in the technical field of the present invention before the application date or the priority date, can know all the prior art in this field, and have the ability to apply the conventional experimental means before this date, and those skilled in the art can combine their own ability to perfect and implement the schemes, and some typical known structures or known methods should not become obstacles for those skilled in the art to implement the present application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. Carbon dioxide brayton cycle and turbocharged internal-combustion engine waste heat utilization system, its characterized in that: comprises an internal combustion engine, a waste heat exchanger, a turbine, a high-temperature heat regenerator, a low-temperature heat regenerator, a precooler, an air compressor, a motor, a main compressor and a recompressor which are arranged in sequence along a waste gas circulation path, the turbine is internally provided with an impeller, the waste heat exchanger receives high-temperature exhaust of the internal combustion engine and transfers heat to the supercritical carbon dioxide, the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide expands to do work to drive the impeller of the turbine to rotate, the main compressor, the secondary compressor, the air compressor and the motor are driven in the rotating process of the turbine, the supercritical carbon dioxide which does work passes through the high-temperature heat regenerator and the low-temperature heat regenerator, the supercritical carbon dioxide in the low-temperature heat regenerator is divided into a main path cycle and a secondary path cycle, and the supercritical carbon dioxide in the main path flows back to the waste heat exchanger after passing through the precooler, the main compressor and the high-temperature heat regenerator to complete the main path cycle.
2. The carbon dioxide brayton cycle and turbocharged internal combustion engine waste heat utilization system of claim 1, wherein: the driving part of the recompressor is a turbine, after the supercritical carbon dioxide of the secondary path passes through the recompressor, the supercritical carbon dioxide of the secondary path and the supercritical carbon dioxide of the primary path are converged in the high-temperature heat regenerator to be heated together, and finally the supercritical carbon dioxide of the secondary path flows back to the waste heat exchanger to complete secondary path circulation.
3. The carbon dioxide brayton cycle and turbocharged internal combustion engine waste heat utilization system of claim 2, wherein: the junction of the low-temperature heat regenerator and the recompressor is provided with a flow divider for dividing the circulation of a main path and the circulation of a secondary path, the inlet of the flow divider faces the low-temperature heat regenerator, and the two outlets of the flow divider respectively face the precooler and the recompressor.
4. The carbon dioxide brayton cycle and turbocharged internal combustion engine waste heat utilization system of claim 3, wherein: the junction of the recompressor and the high-temperature heat regenerator is provided with a mixer, the receiving end of the mixer faces the main compressor and the recompressor, and the outlet of the mixer faces the high-temperature heat regenerator.
5. The carbon dioxide brayton cycle and turbocharged internal combustion engine waste heat utilization system of claim 4, wherein: the output shaft of the turbine is connected with the driving shaft of the motor, and the supercritical carbon dioxide expands in the turbine to do work to drive the motor to rotate, so that electric energy is output outwards.
6. The carbon dioxide brayton cycle and turbocharged internal combustion engine waste heat utilization system of claim 5, wherein: the output shaft of the turbine is connected with the driving shaft of the air compressor, and the turbine drives the air compressor to compress inlet air to a certain pressure, so that the inlet air density of the combustion chamber is improved, and the output power of the internal combustion engine is increased.
7. The carbon dioxide brayton cycle and turbocharged internal combustion engine waste heat utilization system of claim 6, wherein: high-temperature exhaust gas generated by combustion of fuel and air of the internal combustion engine in the cylinder enters the waste heat exchanger, and heat is transferred to the supercritical carbon dioxide.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202021125324.5U CN212614918U (en) | 2020-06-17 | 2020-06-17 | Carbon dioxide Brayton cycle and turbocharged internal combustion engine waste heat utilization system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202021125324.5U CN212614918U (en) | 2020-06-17 | 2020-06-17 | Carbon dioxide Brayton cycle and turbocharged internal combustion engine waste heat utilization system |
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| CN212614918U true CN212614918U (en) | 2021-02-26 |
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| CN202021125324.5U Active CN212614918U (en) | 2020-06-17 | 2020-06-17 | Carbon dioxide Brayton cycle and turbocharged internal combustion engine waste heat utilization system |
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