CN212519533U - Low-anti-detonation standing wave accelerating tube - Google Patents
Low-anti-detonation standing wave accelerating tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN212519533U CN212519533U CN202021857267.XU CN202021857267U CN212519533U CN 212519533 U CN212519533 U CN 212519533U CN 202021857267 U CN202021857267 U CN 202021857267U CN 212519533 U CN212519533 U CN 212519533U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a low-anti-bombardment standing wave accelerating tube, which comprises an electron gun, an accelerating tube body and a waveguide tube, wherein a first cavity, a subsequent cavity and a side coupling cavity are arranged in the accelerating tube body, the first cavity and the subsequent cavity are arranged in a straight line, a beam channel is used between two adjacent cavities to form a cavity row, the edge between the two adjacent cavities is provided with the side coupling cavity, the side coupling cavities are arranged at two sides of the cavity row in a staggered way, a first cavity inlet channel is arranged on the accelerating tube body, the electron gun is matched and installed with the first cavity inlet channel, the waveguide tube is connected on the subsequent cavity, the cathode of the electron gun is in a hollow structure, a nose cone is arranged around the first cavity beam upstream channel in the first cavity, the beam hole gradual change section is connected with the first cavity inlet channel and the first cavity beam upstream channel of the accelerating tube body, the structure ensures that only a very small number of electrons bombard on the cathode, the service life of the electron gun is prolonged, and the accelerator can work normally.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to electron linear accelerator field, concretely relates to low anti-formula standing wave accelerating tube that bombs.
Background
The electron linear accelerator is widely applied to the fields of medical treatment, nondestructive testing, security inspection, irradiation and the like at present. The electron linear accelerator utilizes high-power pulse microwaves fed in by a microwave window to establish an ultrahigh gradient electromagnetic field in a cavity, electrons emitted by an electron gun interact with the electromagnetic field in the cavity to be accelerated, the energy of megaelectron volts is achieved, high-energy electrons are directly led out through the window or bombard a heavy metal target to generate X rays, and the high-energy electrons are applied by utilizing the physical characteristics of the generated high-energy electron rays or the X rays.
At present, the low-energy electron linear accelerator mainly has a traveling wave acceleration structure and a standing wave acceleration structure. Compared with a traveling wave acceleration structure, the standing wave acceleration structure has the characteristics of high shunt impedance, high acceleration gradient, compact structure and the like, and is widely applied to the field of low-energy electron linear accelerators. In the standing wave acceleration structure, the working mode of the electromagnetic field is pi/2 mode or pi mode.
The inventor finds that the prior arts have at least the following technical problems in the practical use process:
the electron beam moves in the beam-bunching section standing wave electromagnetic field, electrons at different phases respectively obtain unequal acceleration or deceleration, and even reversely accelerate and bombard the cathode of the electron gun, so that the temperature of the cathode is excessively increased, and the normal work of the electron gun and the accelerator is influenced, which is a phenomenon that a standing wave acceleration structure cannot avoid. Generally, the stronger the beam current and the higher the energy, the more easily the electron gun is damaged by the counter-bombarded electrons, which results in the problems of reduced service life of the accelerating tube, unstable operation, etc.
Disclosure of Invention
For overcoming the not enough of above-mentioned existence, the utility model discloses an inventor is through long-term exploration attempt and many times's experiment and effort, constantly reform transform and innovation, has provided a low anti-formula standing wave accelerating tube, and it can be so that only very few electron can anti-formula to the cathode face on, therefore it is very little to electron gun normal work influence to reach the protection electron gun, reach the life of extension electron gun and guarantee the effect that the accelerator normally worked.
In order to realize the purpose, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that: the electron gun comprises an electron gun body, an accelerating tube body and a waveguide tube, wherein a first cavity, a subsequent cavity and side coupling cavities are arranged in the accelerating tube body, the first cavity and the subsequent cavity are linearly arranged, a beam channel is used for connecting two adjacent cavities to form a cavity row, the edge between the two adjacent cavities is provided with the side coupling cavities, the side coupling cavities are staggered at two sides of the cavity row, a first cavity inlet channel is arranged on the accelerating tube body, the electron gun is matched with the first cavity inlet channel for installation, the waveguide tube is connected on the subsequent cavity, the cathode of the electron gun is of a hollow structure, the first cavity is connected with a beam upstream channel of the first cavity, a nose cone is arranged in the first cavity around the first cavity beam upstream channel, the front end of the first cavity beam upstream channel is provided with a beam current hole gradual change section, and the front end of the beam current hole gradual change section is connected with a first cavity inlet channel of the accelerating tube body.
According to the utility model discloses a low anti-formula standing wave accelerating tube, its further preferred technical scheme is: the downstream side of the first cavity beam is free of a nose cone, the inside of the downstream side is a smooth surface, the center of the downstream side of the first cavity is connected with a first cavity downstream beam channel, and the other end of the first cavity downstream beam channel is connected with the upstream side of the second cavity.
According to the utility model discloses a low anti-formula standing wave accelerating tube, its further preferred technical scheme is: the inner surface and the outer surface of the upstream channel of the first cavity beam flow smoothly gradually change to a nose cone at the upstream side of the first cavity beam flow.
According to the utility model discloses a low anti-formula standing wave accelerating tube, its further preferred technical scheme is: the first cavity is an integral cavity and is integrally in a short cylindrical shape, and the edges of the two end faces are rounded corners.
According to the utility model discloses a low anti-formula standing wave accelerating tube, its further preferred technical scheme is: the upstream side and the downstream side of the second cavity and the seventh cavity are provided with two circular arc transition cavity walls and beam holes.
According to the utility model discloses a low anti-formula standing wave accelerating tube, its further preferred technical scheme is: the inner diameter of the first cavity beam downstream channel is larger than that of the first cavity upstream beam channel.
According to the utility model discloses a low anti-formula standing wave accelerating tube, its further preferred technical scheme is: the beam hole transition section is of a funnel structure, the larger end is connected with a first cavity beam upstream channel, and the smaller end is connected with a first cavity inlet channel.
According to the utility model discloses a low anti-formula standing wave accelerating tube, its further preferred technical scheme is: the electron gun comprises a cathode and an anode, wherein the cathode and the anode are both disc-shaped and have holes in the centers, the cathode and the anode are arranged at one end of an inlet channel of the first cavity in parallel, the center line of the cathode and the center line of the inlet channel of the first cavity coincide, the anode is closer to the accelerating tube body, the surface of the cathode opposite to the anode is an arc-shaped surface, the lowest point of the anode is a central hole of the cathode, the surface of the anode opposite to the cathode is provided with a circular-ring-shaped recess, and.
According to the utility model discloses a low anti-formula standing wave accelerating tube, its further preferred technical scheme is: the cathode of the electron gun is sleeved with a focusing electrode which has a convergence effect on the electron beam.
According to the utility model discloses a low anti-formula standing wave accelerating tube, its further preferred technical scheme is: the waveguide tube penetrates through the accelerating tube body, and the smaller end of the waveguide tube is connected to the fourth cavity.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the utility model have following advantage beneficial effect:
the upper reaches side at first cavity is provided with nose awl and beam hole gradual change section, can reduce the electron of reverse bombardment to a great extent, sets up the negative pole of electron gun into hollow structure, and further only very few electron can be anti-bombed to the negative pole face, therefore it is very little to electron gun normal work influence to reach the effect of protection electron gun, extension electron gun's life and the normal work of assurance accelerator.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the internal vacuum structure of the acceleration tube body of the low-anti-detonation standing wave acceleration tube of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the low-anti-boom standing wave accelerating tube of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a front view of the low-anti-boom standing wave accelerating tube of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is an inner vacuum front view of the removal accelerating tube body of the low-anti-boom standing wave accelerating tube of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of an electron gun of the low-anti-detonation standing wave accelerating tube of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a cathode of an electron gun of a low-anti-detonation standing wave accelerating tube according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an anode of an electron gun of a low-anti-detonation standing wave accelerating tube according to the present invention.
The labels in the figure are respectively: 1. the electron gun comprises an electron gun 101, a cathode 102, an anode 103, a focusing electrode 2, an accelerating tube body 201, a first cavity beam inlet channel 3, a first cavity beam upstream channel 4, a beam hole gradual change section 5, a nose cone 6, a first cavity 7, a second cavity 8, a third cavity 9, a fourth cavity 10, a fifth cavity 11, a sixth cavity 12, a seventh cavity 13, a first cavity beam downstream channel 14, an edge coupling cavity 15 and a waveguide tube.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Thus, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided below is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it may not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
Example 1: the electron gun comprises an electron gun body 1, an accelerating tube body 2 and a waveguide tube 15, wherein a first cavity 6, a subsequent cavity and an edge coupling cavity 14 are arranged in the accelerating tube body 2, the first cavity 6 and the subsequent cavity are linearly arranged, two adjacent cavities are connected by a beam channel to form a cavity row, the name of the beam channel is that a pipeline at the downstream of the first cavity 6 is named as a downstream beam channel 13 of the first cavity, and meanwhile, the downstream beam channel 13 of the first cavity is also an upstream beam channel of a second cavity 7; the edge between two adjacent cavities is provided with the edge coupling cavities 14, the edge coupling cavities are arranged on two sides of the cavity row in a staggered mode, the accelerating tube body 2 is provided with a first cavity inlet channel 201, an electron gun is installed in a matched mode with the first cavity inlet channel 201, the waveguide tube 15 is connected to the subsequent cavities, six subsequent cavities are arranged in the embodiment and comprise a second cavity body to a seventh cavity body, the waveguide tube is specifically arranged on the fourth cavity body, the position of the waveguide tube is not fixed and can be connected to other cavity bodies, namely, the connecting position of the waveguide tube is changed according to requirements, meanwhile, the number of the subsequent cavities is not fixed, the number of the accelerating cavities is designed according to the requirements of an accelerator, and therefore the number of the subsequent cavities is changed according to the design requirements; the cathode 101 of the electron gun 1 is of a hollow structure, the first cavity 6 is connected with the beam upstream channel, a nose cone 5 is arranged inside the first cavity 6 around the first cavity beam upstream channel 3, the front end of the first cavity beam upstream channel 3 is provided with a beam hole gradual change section 4, and the front end of the beam hole gradual change section 4 is connected with the first cavity inlet channel 201 of the accelerating tube body 2. The utility model is suitable for a produce the low energy standing wave electron accelerator of electron beam or X ray. The accelerating tube body is formed by removing the inner cavity space in a solid cylinder shape, actually the accelerating tube body is the cavity wall of each cavity, each cavity in the accelerating tube body is in a vacuum state, and the vacuum is favorable for the movement of electrons.
The single side of first cavity 6 has nose cone 5, and the working mode electric field forward that forms is the horn mouth shape of assembling, and the effect of radial bunch can be obtained when accelerating to the forward motion electron, and the electron of anti-bombing often is in reverse acceleration phase place, and reverse motion under the electric field effect of first cavity 6, the motion of radially dispersing is carried out along electric field mode's power line. The electrons moving in the opposite direction hit the nose cone 5.
The downstream side of the first cavity 6 is free of the nose cone 5, the inside of the downstream side is a smooth surface, the center of the downstream side of the first cavity 6 is connected with a downstream beam channel 13 of the first cavity, the other end of the downstream beam channel 13 of the first cavity is connected with the upstream side of the second cavity 7, and so on, the downstream beam channel 13 of the first cavity is also an upstream beam channel of the second cavity 7, the downstream beam channel of the second cavity 7 is connected with a third cavity 8, and so on, the downstream beam channel is connected with a seventh cavity 12, the tail end of the downstream beam channel of the seventh cavity 12 is closed, and the tail end of the downstream beam channel of the seventh cavity 12 is in a parallel and level state with the tail end of the seventh
The inner surface and the outer surface of the first cavity beam upstream channel 3 are smoothly and gradually changed to the nose cone 5 on the beam upstream side of the first cavity 6, the nose cone 5 is arranged on one side of the first cavity 6, the forward direction of a formed working mode electric field is in a convergent bell mouth shape, forward moving electrons can obtain the radial bunching effect when accelerating, the backward moving electrons are usually in a reverse accelerating phase, the backward moving electrons move in a reverse direction under the action of the electric field of the first cavity 6, and the power line in the electric field mode radially diverges.
High voltage (typical value is 10-25kV) is added between a cathode 101 and an anode 102 of an electron gun 1, electrons on the surface of a hollow cathode 101 perform longitudinal acceleration motion under a static high-voltage electric field, focusing motion is performed in the radius direction to form an electron beam, the diameter of the beam is gradually converged into a smaller diameter after passing through a beam hole in the center of the anode 102, the electron beam can completely pass through a beam inlet channel of a first cavity 6 of an accelerating tube and then enters the first cavity 6, the electron beam moving in the forward direction at an acceleration phase obtains velocity modulation, beam convergence acceleration is obtained longitudinally, further focusing is obtained on the diameter of the radial electron beam, the electron beam passes through the first cavity 6, and passes through a beam channel 13 at the downstream of the first cavity to a subsequent cavity to be accelerated until a; the electric field of the electron beam entering the first cavity 6 in the deceleration phase and moving in the reverse direction from the subsequent cavity is a divergent force in the radial direction, the electron beam can be scattered in the process of moving to the upstream channel 3 of the first cavity beam and hit the nose cone 5 and the beam hole gradual change section 4, and the electrons which can reversely pass through the inlet channel 201 of the first cavity can be reduced by about 70%. As the diameter of the inlet channel 201 of the first cavity is approximately the same as the hollow diameter of the cathode 101 of the electron gun 1, the electron beam current strength and the power of the electron beam reversely bombarded to the cathode 101 of the electron gun 1 are extremely small and can be controlled within 1W, and the influence on the electron gun 1 can be ignored.
The first cavity 6 is an integral cavity, the whole body is in a short cylindrical shape, and the edges of the two end faces are rounded corners.
The upstream side and the downstream side of the second cavity and the seventh cavity are provided with two circular arc transition cavity walls and beam holes.
The inner diameter of the first cavity beam downstream channel 13 is larger than that of the first cavity 6, so that more electrons can enter the beam channel, and the quantity of electrons moving in the reverse direction is reduced.
The beam hole transition section 4 is of a funnel structure, the larger end of the funnel structure is connected with the first cavity beam upstream channel 3, and the smaller end of the funnel structure is connected with the first cavity inlet channel 201 on the accelerating tube body 2.
The electron gun 1 comprises a cathode 101 and an anode 102, both of which are disc-shaped and have a hole in the center, the cathode 101 and the anode 102 are arranged at one end of a first cavity inlet channel 201 of an accelerating tube body 2 in parallel, the center line of the cathode 101 and the center line of the first cavity inlet channel 201 coincide, the anode 102 is closer to the accelerating tube body 2, the surface of the cathode 101 opposite to the anode 102 is an arc surface, the lowest point is a center hole of the cathode 101, the surface of the anode 102 opposite to the cathode 101 has a circular recess, and the center point is a center hole of the anode 102. Because the diameter of the first cavity inlet channel 201 is approximately the same as the hollow diameter of the cathode 101 of the electron gun 1, most of the electron beam current reversely bombarded to the cathode 101 of the electron gun 1 can directly pass through the hole on the cathode 101, only few parts can be shot on the cathode 101 of the electron gun 1, the temperature rise of the cathode 101 of the electron gun 1 is not easily caused, the influence on the normal work of the electron gun 1 is small, the effect of protecting the electron gun 1, prolonging the service life of the electron gun 1 and ensuring the normal work of an accelerator is achieved.
Meanwhile, a focusing electrode 103 is sleeved on the cathode 101 of the electron gun 1 to focus the emitted electron beams.
The waveguide passes through the accelerating tube body 2, the smaller end is connected to the fourth cavity 9, and the contact position of the accelerating tube body 2 and the waveguide 15 is sealed.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and to simplify the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.
In the present disclosure, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may comprise direct contact between the first and second features, or may comprise contact between the first and second features not directly. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. The first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and enhancements can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and enhancements are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A low-anti-bombardment standing wave accelerating tube comprises an electron gun, an accelerating tube body and a waveguide tube, wherein a first cavity, a subsequent cavity and a side coupling cavity are arranged in the accelerating tube body, the first cavity and the subsequent cavity are linearly arranged, a beam channel is used for connecting two adjacent cavities to form a cavity row, the edge between the two adjacent cavities is provided with the side coupling cavity, the side coupling cavities are staggered at two sides of the cavity row, a first cavity inlet channel is arranged on the accelerating tube body, the electron gun is matched and installed with the first cavity inlet channel, the waveguide tube is connected on the subsequent cavity, it is characterized in that the cathode of the electron gun is of a hollow structure, the first cavity is connected with a beam upstream channel of the first cavity, a nose cone is arranged in the first cavity around the first cavity beam upstream channel, the front end of the first cavity beam upstream channel is provided with a beam current hole gradual change section, and the front end of the beam current hole gradual change section is connected with a first cavity inlet channel of the accelerating tube body.
2. The accelerating tube of claim 1, wherein the downstream side of the first cavity has no nose cone, the inside of the downstream side is a smooth surface, the center of the downstream side of the first cavity is connected with the downstream beam channel of the first cavity, and the other end of the downstream beam channel of the first cavity is connected with the upstream side of the second cavity.
3. The low-bounce standing wave accelerator tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner surface and the outer surface of the upstream channel of the first cavity beam smoothly gradually change to a nose cone on the upstream side of the first cavity beam.
4. The accelerating tube of claim 1, wherein the first cavity is a single-piece cavity and has a short cylindrical shape, and the edges of the two end faces are rounded.
5. The accelerating tube of claim 1, wherein the upstream and downstream sides of the second to seventh cavities have two circular arcs that transition into the cavity wall and the flow aperture.
6. The accelerating tube of claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of the beam downstream channel of the first cavity is larger than the inner diameter of the beam upstream channel of the first cavity.
7. The accelerating tube of claim 1, wherein the beam hole transition is a funnel structure, and the larger end is connected to the beam upstream channel of the first cavity and the smaller end is connected to the inlet channel of the first cavity.
8. The accelerating tube of claim 1, wherein the electron gun comprises a cathode and an anode, both of which are disc-shaped and have a hole in the center, the cathode and the anode are juxtaposed at one end of the inlet channel of the first chamber, the center line of the cathode and the anode coincides with the center line of the inlet channel of the first chamber, the anode is closer to the tube body of the accelerating tube, the surface of the cathode opposite to the anode is an arc-shaped surface, the lowest point is the center hole of the cathode, the surface of the anode opposite to the cathode has a circular recess, and the center point is the center hole of the anode.
9. The accelerating tube of claim 8, wherein a focusing electrode is mounted on the cathode of the electron gun.
10. The accelerating tube of claim 1, wherein the waveguide passes through the accelerating tube body, and the smaller end of the waveguide is connected to the fourth cavity of the subsequent cavity or the other cavities of the subsequent cavity.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202021857267.XU CN212519533U (en) | 2020-08-31 | 2020-08-31 | Low-anti-detonation standing wave accelerating tube |
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| CN202021857267.XU CN212519533U (en) | 2020-08-31 | 2020-08-31 | Low-anti-detonation standing wave accelerating tube |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113365409A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-07 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Traveling wave acceleration structure and electron accelerator |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113365409A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-07 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Traveling wave acceleration structure and electron accelerator |
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