CN212422824U - Hydrogen fuel cell tractor - Google Patents
Hydrogen fuel cell tractor Download PDFInfo
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- CN212422824U CN212422824U CN202020624357.8U CN202020624357U CN212422824U CN 212422824 U CN212422824 U CN 212422824U CN 202020624357 U CN202020624357 U CN 202020624357U CN 212422824 U CN212422824 U CN 212422824U
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- lithium battery
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The utility model provides a hydrogen fuel cell tractor, includes lithium battery system, hydrogen fuel cell system, electrical system and asynchronous machine, and this electrical system includes vehicle control unit, machine controller, vehicle control unit links to each other with lithium battery system, hydrogen fuel cell system and machine controller communication respectively, and the electric energy output of lithium battery system and hydrogen fuel cell system is connected with asynchronous machine through machine controller respectively, and the electric energy output of hydrogen fuel cell system still is connected with the electric energy input of lithium battery system. By the technical scheme, the utility model not only can adopt the lithium battery system to realize power supply, but also can directly convert hydrogen and air into electric energy to drive the tractor to run, has no greenhouse gas and pollutant emission in the use process, and has higher energy conversion efficiency and longer endurance time; the charging mode can be two schemes of hydrogenation or lithium battery charging, the use is more flexible, and the application range is wider.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the field of agricultural machine manufacturing, in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell tractor.
Background
The tractor is a self-propelled power machine used for towing, pushing, carrying or driving a matched machine tool to operate, and is a main tool for farmers to carry out economic development and farming operation. At present, most tractors in China use diesel oil and gasoline as power fuels, and the tractors are high in noise during working and easy to discharge pollutant gases beyond standards. The current environment protection situation is increasingly severe, higher requirements are also placed on energy conservation and emission reduction of agricultural machinery, and a novel energy power needs to be searched.
The electric tractor has no emission during operation, does not need to consume fuel oil, depends on the motor to start and regulate the speed and other working attributes, thereby being better adapted to the development of future novel agriculture compared with the traditional fuel tractor and being beneficial to coping with the dilemma of energy crisis. In the aspect of agriculture, the method has the advantage of no emission, can be well matched with facility agriculture, and promotes the large-scale popularization of the facility agriculture. But the electric tractor has the defects of limited endurance mileage and overlong charging time in agricultural application.
The hydrogen fuel cell is a novel power generation device capable of directly converting chemical energy in fuel into electric energy, only generates water and heat when providing energy, is clean energy with zero carbon emission and zero pollution to the environment, and has good application prospect when being combined with agricultural machinery.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides an use hydrogen fuel cell's tractor not only has diesel tractor and electric tractor's advantage simultaneously, has still avoided shortcomings such as noise at work is big, pollutant discharge volume is high and continuation of the journey mileage is short, has good practicality.
The purpose of the utility model and the technical problem thereof are realized by adopting the following technical scheme. The basis the utility model provides a hydrogen fuel cell tractor, including lithium battery system, hydrogen fuel cell system, electrical system and asynchronous machine, this electrical system includes vehicle control unit, machine controller, vehicle control unit links to each other with lithium battery system, hydrogen fuel cell system and machine controller communication respectively, and the electric energy output of lithium battery system and hydrogen fuel cell system is connected with asynchronous machine through machine controller respectively, and the electric energy output of hydrogen fuel cell system still is connected with lithium battery system's electric energy input.
The purpose of the utility model is further realized by adopting the following technical measures.
According to the hydrogen fuel cell tractor, the lithium battery system comprises the lithium battery pack and the battery management system BMS which are connected, and the hydrogen fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell, a DC/DC module, a hydrogen inlet secondary pressure reducing valve, an air filter, an air compressor, a water supplementing kettle, a cooling liquid filter, a heat radiating water pump, an ion filter and a hydrogen storage bottle;
the air filter is connected with the fuel cell through an air compressor, the hydrogen storage bottle is connected with the fuel cell through a hydrogen inlet secondary pressure reducing valve, the electric energy output end of the fuel cell is connected with the lithium battery pack through a DC/DC module, and the water replenishing kettle is connected with the fuel cell after sequentially passing through the cooling liquid filter, the heat dissipation water pump and the ion filter.
In the above hydrogen fuel cell tractor, an air flow meter is further installed on the gas pipeline between the air compressor and the fuel cell.
In the above hydrogen fuel cell tractor, the heat dissipation water pump is further connected to a heat sink, and the heat sink is disposed on the housing of the fuel cell to dissipate heat.
The hydrogen fuel cell tractor further comprises a hydrogen alarm electrically connected with the fuel cell.
In an embodiment of the hydrogen fuel cell tractor, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a ventilation fan electrically connected to the fuel cell.
In the above hydrogen fuel cell tractor, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a voltage monitoring system electrically connected to the fuel cell.
According to the hydrogen fuel cell tractor, a pre-charging control circuit is arranged between the DC/DC module and the lithium battery pack.
In the above hydrogen fuel cell tractor, the pre-charge control circuit includes a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, a fuse, a main contactor, a pre-charge resistor, a time relay, a positive output terminal, and a negative output terminal; the positive electrode input end is connected with the positive electrode of the DC/DC module, the negative electrode input end is connected with the negative electrode of the DC/DC module, the positive electrode output end is connected with the positive electrode of the lithium battery pack, and the negative electrode output end is connected with the negative electrode of the lithium battery pack; the intelligent control system is characterized in that a fuse and a main contactor are arranged between the positive input end and the positive output end in series, the pre-charging resistor and the pre-charging contactor are connected in parallel after being connected in series, the time relay respectively outputs and controls the pre-charging contactor and the main contactor, and the time relay is connected with the vehicle control unit.
By the technical scheme, the hydrogen fuel cell tractor provided by the utility model directly converts hydrogen and air into electric energy to drive the tractor to run, and because the hydrogen is clean energy, no greenhouse gas and pollutant are discharged in the use process, and the hydrogen has higher energy conversion efficiency, and can realize longer endurance mileage; furthermore, the utility model discloses can adopt hydrogenation or two kinds of power supply modes of charging, use more in a flexible way, the range of application is wider.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention may be implemented according to the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following preferred embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a medium hydrogen fuel cell system according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the pre-charge control circuit according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an appearance structure schematic diagram of the hydrogen fuel cell tractor of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the intended purpose, the following detailed description is made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present invention relates to a hydrogen fuel cell tractor, which includes a lithium battery system, a hydrogen fuel cell system and an electric control system. The lithium battery system comprises a lithium battery pack 101, a temperature control system and a battery management system BMS, wherein the temperature control system is connected with the lithium battery pack and used for monitoring the temperature of the battery and transmitting temperature information to the battery management system BMS, and the battery management system BMS is connected with a vehicle control unit for information interaction; the connection relationship among the lithium battery pack, the temperature control system, and the battery management system BMS and the realized functions are the prior art and are not described in detail. The hydrogen fuel cell system includes a fuel cell 201, a DC/DC module 202, a hydrogen inlet secondary pressure reducing valve 203, an air filter 204, an air compressor 205, a water replenishment can 206, a coolant filter 207, a heat dissipation water pump 208, a heat sink 209, an ion filter 210, and a hydrogen storage bottle 211. The electric control system comprises a vehicle control unit 301 and a motor controller 302.
The vehicle controller 301 is a core control component of the vehicle, and plays a role in controlling the vehicle operation, and its main functions include driving torque control, optimal control of braking energy, energy management of the entire vehicle, maintenance and management of a CAN network, diagnosis and processing of faults, vehicle state monitoring, etc., and the vehicle controller is commonly present in fuel-powered vehicles and electric vehicles. In this embodiment, the vehicle control unit is respectively in communication connection with the lithium battery system, the hydrogen fuel cell system and the motor controller 302 through the CAN bus, the electric energy output end of the hydrogen fuel cell system is respectively connected with the lithium battery system and the motor controller, and the electric energy output end of the lithium battery system is connected with the asynchronous motor of the tractor through the motor controller 302 to provide a power source; and the motor controller obtains direct current output from the hydrogen fuel cell system and the lithium battery system to the asynchronous motor under the dispatching of the vehicle control unit. When the tractor works, the whole vehicle controller serves as a core control component, the lithium battery system can be controlled to supply power to the asynchronous motor of the tractor, the hydrogen fuel system can be controlled to supply power to the asynchronous motor when the electric quantity of the lithium battery system is monitored to be insufficient, or the lithium battery system and the hydrogen fuel system are controlled to supply power to the asynchronous motor together, and the asynchronous motor is connected with a rear wheel driving shaft of the tractor. Generally, the vehicle control unit controls whether electric energy is output or not by controlling the on-off of a contactor or other similar switching elements on a loop at the electric energy output end of the lithium battery system and the hydrogen fuel battery system.
The technical solution of the present embodiment is further explained below.
The air filter 204 is connected with the fuel cell 201 through an air compressor 205 and is used for providing oxygen required by power generation; the hydrogen storage tank 211 is connected to the fuel cell 201 through a hydrogen inlet secondary pressure reducing valve 203 for supplying hydrogen gas required for power generation. Specifically, the hydrogen fuel cell system is a power generation device, hydrogen in a hydrogen storage bottle enters an anode of a fuel cell through a hydrogen secondary pressure reducing valve, one electron of a hydrogen atom is separated out under the action of a catalyst, the hydrogen atom (proton) losing the electron passes through a proton exchange membrane to reach a cathode plate of the fuel cell, the electron cannot pass through the proton exchange membrane and reaches the cathode plate of the fuel cell through an external circuit, and therefore current is generated in the circuit; air passes through the air filter and reaches the cathode plate under the action of the air compressor, and oxygen, electrons and protons are combined into water and then discharged. Preferably, an air flow meter 212 is further installed on a gas line between the air compressor and the fuel cell, and the air flow meter is connected to the vehicle control unit. The fuel cell is a mature modular device, and the on-off of the electric energy output end of the fuel cell is controlled by the whole vehicle controller.
Further, the power output end of the fuel cell 201 is connected with the lithium battery pack 101 through the DC/DC module 202, so that the lithium battery pack can be charged; wherein the DC/DC module plays a role of direct current boosting. In the embodiment, the water replenishing kettle 206 is connected with the fuel cell 201 sequentially through the cooling liquid filter 207, the heat dissipation water pump 208 and the ion filter 210, so that the cooling liquid is provided for the fuel cell to dissipate heat of an electrode plate of the fuel cell; the coolant filter is used for filtering impurities, belongs to primary filtration, but the coolant entering the fuel cell should not contain free ions, so the ion filter removes the free ions in the coolant to ensure that the coolant entering the bipolar plate of the fuel cell does not contain conductive ions. The temperature of the cooling liquid rises after passing through the fuel cell and is recirculated to the water replenishing kettle under the action of the heat dissipation water pump, so that a cooling channel providing a cooling function for an electrode plate of the fuel cell is a circulating water loop. In addition, the present embodiment also provides another water circuit for dissipating heat from the periphery of the fuel cell, such as the housing; specifically, the heat dissipation water pump 208 is further connected with the fuel cell through a radiator 209, and the connection relationship between the radiator and the fuel cell is mechanical connection, and the radiator can be selected from fin type and cold tube type, which is not limited by the present invention.
Preferably, the hydrogen fuel cell system further comprises a hydrogen alarm 213, a ventilation fan 214 and a voltage monitoring system 215, which are electrically connected with the fuel cell, and are connected with the vehicle control unit so as to provide corresponding auxiliary information. The hydrogen alarm is used for monitoring whether hydrogen leaks; when hydrogen leaks, hydrogen can pile up inside the fuel cell casing, and the hydrogen alarm will send a signal to emergency shutdown avoids taking place accident. The ventilation fan is an exhaust fan of the hydrogen fuel cell system, the gas discharged by the fuel cell is mainly air, but trace hydrogen can be mixed in, because the density of the hydrogen is much lower than that of the air, even if the fuel cell is an open shell, the hydrogen can be accumulated as long as the top of the fuel cell is closed, and the ventilation fan can discharge the trace hydrogen to the external environment, so that the accumulation in the fuel cell shell is avoided, and meanwhile, the ventilation fan has the effect of assisting in heat dissipation. The voltage monitoring system can monitor the voltage between the electrodes of the fuel cell in real time so as to conveniently judge faults and the like by combining the data of other sensors.
When the main circuit is closed, an input capacitor at the DC/DC module end may generate an instantaneous large current in the circuit, which easily causes overcurrent of a system contactor and damages the system, so in this embodiment, a pre-charge control circuit is directly further provided at the DC/DC module and the lithium battery pack, and with reference to fig. 3, the pre-charge control circuit includes a positive input end 401, a negative input end 402, a fuse 403, a main contactor 404, a pre-charge contactor 405, a pre-charge resistor 406, a time relay 407, a positive output end 408, and a negative output end 409; the positive electrode input end is connected with the positive electrode of the DC/DC module, the negative electrode input end is connected with the negative electrode of the DC/DC module, the positive electrode output end is connected with the positive electrode of the lithium battery pack, and the negative electrode output end is connected with the negative electrode of the lithium battery pack; the pre-charging contactor and the pre-charging contactor are connected in series and then connected in parallel, the time relay respectively outputs and controls the pre-charging contactor and the main contactor, and the time relay is connected with the vehicle control unit and receives instructions of the vehicle control unit so as to control the pre-charging contactor and the main contactor to be opened and closed. The working process of the pre-charging control circuit is as follows: when the system is powered on, the pre-charging contactor 405 is firstly closed, the pre-charging contactor 405 is disconnected after being controlled by the time relay 407 for 5 seconds, and the main contactor 404 is closed, so that instant impact caused by sudden connection of electric energy of the fuel cell system into the lithium cell system is avoided, and the safety performance of the system is improved.
In the embodiment, the hydrogen fuel cell tractor further comprises a conventional power output device 6, a low-voltage battery 7 and a steering power-assisted hydraulic pump 8, wherein the power output device is controlled by the whole vehicle controller and is used for mounting some conventional agricultural operation machines such as a harvester and the like; the low-voltage storage battery mainly provides low-voltage direct current required by normal work for the whole vehicle controller, the battery management system BMS, the power-assisted steering hydraulic pump and the like; the output end of the power-assisted steering hydraulic pump is connected with a front steering wheel 9.
With reference to fig. 4, a better feasible solution is provided for the installation positions of the components in the embodiment, and a lithium battery pack 101 with a large mass and less daily maintenance, an asynchronous motor 5 and a power output device 6 are placed on a chassis of a tractor, so as to lower the center of the system and improve the stability, wherein the lithium battery pack is installed in the middle of the chassis of the tractor, and the asynchronous motor is used for driving a rear wheel driving shaft 11 of the tractor; a low-voltage storage battery 7 is arranged in front of the lithium battery pack, and a temperature control system 102 and a steering power-assisted hydraulic pump of a lithium battery system are arranged above the low-voltage storage battery; vehicle control unit 301, battery management system BMS103 install respectively in the top of lithium cell group, and the automobile body top is arranged in to hydrogen storage bottle 211, and fuel cell 201 is installed to the rear wheel drive axle top of tractor.
As a possible embodiment, in the working process of the tractor, when the electric quantity of the lithium battery pack is sufficient (the SOC is above 85%), the vehicle controller uses the lithium battery pack to supply power for a vehicle power system; when the electric quantity of the lithium battery pack is insufficient (the SOC is lower than 25-30%), the vehicle controller starts the hydrogen fuel cell system to supply power for a vehicle power system; when the SOC of the lithium battery pack is between 30% and 85%, the lithium battery pack is powered by a lithium battery system or a hydrogen fuel system, for example, when the output power of the hydrogen fuel battery system is greater than the required power, the surplus electric quantity charges the lithium battery pack under the control of the vehicle control unit; when the power required by the tractor is larger than the rated power of the fuel cell, the vehicle control unit can simultaneously use the lithium battery pack and the fuel cell to supply power to the power system. Above only for making lithium cell group and fuel cell all being in the power supply strategy of preferred operating condition as far as possible, it is all useful to holistic life and energy conversion efficiency, nevertheless the utility model discloses do not do the restriction to the power supply scheme, any technical personnel in the field can thereby carry out the arbitrary setting for on the basis of each structural connection and satisfy corresponding actual demand.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and any person skilled in the art can easily modify, change or modify the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a hydrogen fuel cell tractor, its characterized in that includes lithium battery system, hydrogen fuel cell system, electrical system and asynchronous machine, and this electrical system includes vehicle control unit, machine controller, vehicle control unit communicates with lithium battery system, hydrogen fuel cell system and machine controller respectively and links to each other, and the electric energy output of lithium battery system and hydrogen fuel cell system is connected with asynchronous machine through machine controller respectively, and the electric energy output of hydrogen fuel cell system still is connected with the electric energy input of lithium battery system.
2. The hydrogen fuel cell tractor according to claim 1, wherein the lithium battery system comprises a lithium battery pack and a battery management system BMS which are connected, and the hydrogen fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell, a DC/DC module, a hydrogen inlet secondary pressure reducing valve, an air filter, an air compressor, a water replenishing kettle, a cooling liquid filter, a heat dissipation water pump, an ion filter and a hydrogen storage bottle;
the air filter is connected with the fuel cell through an air compressor, the hydrogen storage bottle is connected with the fuel cell through a hydrogen inlet secondary pressure reducing valve, the electric energy output end of the fuel cell is connected with the lithium battery pack through a DC/DC module, and the water replenishing kettle is connected with the fuel cell after sequentially passing through the cooling liquid filter, the heat dissipation water pump and the ion filter.
3. The hydrogen fuel cell tractor according to claim 2, wherein an air flow meter is further installed on the gas pipeline between the air compressor and the fuel cell.
4. The tractor with hydrogen fuel cell as described in claim 2, wherein the heat pump is further connected to a radiator, and the radiator is disposed on the housing of the fuel cell to dissipate heat.
5. The hydrogen fuel cell tractor as claimed in claim 2, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell system further comprises a hydrogen alarm electrically connected to the fuel cell.
6. The hydrogen fuel cell tractor as claimed in claim 2, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell system further comprises a ventilation fan electrically connected to the fuel cell.
7. The hydrogen fuel cell tractor as claimed in claim 2, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell system further comprises a voltage monitoring system electrically connected to the fuel cell.
8. The tractor with hydrogen fuel cells as claimed in claim 2, wherein a pre-charge control circuit is provided between the DC/DC module and the lithium battery pack.
9. The hydrogen fuel cell tractor according to claim 8, wherein the pre-charge control circuit comprises a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, a fuse, a main contactor, a pre-charge resistor, a time relay, a positive output terminal, and a negative output terminal; the positive electrode input end is connected with the positive electrode of the DC/DC module, the negative electrode input end is connected with the negative electrode of the DC/DC module, the positive electrode output end is connected with the positive electrode of the lithium battery pack, and the negative electrode output end is connected with the negative electrode of the lithium battery pack; the intelligent control system is characterized in that a fuse and a main contactor are arranged between the positive input end and the positive output end in series, the pre-charging resistor and the pre-charging contactor are connected in parallel after being connected in series, the time relay respectively outputs and controls the pre-charging contactor and the main contactor, and the time relay is connected with the vehicle control unit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020624357.8U CN212422824U (en) | 2020-04-23 | 2020-04-23 | Hydrogen fuel cell tractor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020624357.8U CN212422824U (en) | 2020-04-23 | 2020-04-23 | Hydrogen fuel cell tractor |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN212422824U true CN212422824U (en) | 2021-01-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202020624357.8U Active CN212422824U (en) | 2020-04-23 | 2020-04-23 | Hydrogen fuel cell tractor |
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| CN (1) | CN212422824U (en) |
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- 2020-04-23 CN CN202020624357.8U patent/CN212422824U/en active Active
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