CN212390405U - Oxygen-enriched tiny-oil ignition device based on double-air-regulation cyclone burner - Google Patents

Oxygen-enriched tiny-oil ignition device based on double-air-regulation cyclone burner Download PDF

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CN212390405U
CN212390405U CN202021106646.5U CN202021106646U CN212390405U CN 212390405 U CN212390405 U CN 212390405U CN 202021106646 U CN202021106646 U CN 202021106646U CN 212390405 U CN212390405 U CN 212390405U
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primary
combustion chamber
stage
oxygen
air channel
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张伟
房凡
吴庆龙
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
Xian Xire Boiler Environmental Protection Engineering Co Ltd
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
Xian Xire Boiler Environmental Protection Engineering Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Abstract

The utility model relates to a coal fired boiler technical field specifically is a little oil ignition of oxygen boosting based on two accent wind cyclone combustors. The utility model comprises a first-level oil gun, a primary air channel, an inner secondary air channel and an outer secondary air channel which are arranged outside the primary air channel in sequence, and a two-stage coal dust shade separation device and a multi-stage combustion chamber which are arranged in the primary air channel in sequence; the multi-stage combustion chamber comprises a primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber and a tertiary combustion chamber which are sequentially arranged along the primary air pulverized coal airflow direction, and a primary oxygen lance and a secondary oxygen lance which are respectively communicated with the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber; the primary oil gun is arranged in parallel to the primary air pulverized coal airflow direction, and the nozzle end of the primary oil gun penetrates through the primary air channel and extends into the primary combustion chamber. The utility model discloses can effectively improve boiler low-load peak regulation ability, combustor reasonable in design, simple structure, the combustion rate is higher, and the volume of economizing on fuel is showing, and equipment is reliable, is applicable to the hedging combustion mode coal fired boiler who fires with lean coal.

Description

Oxygen-enriched tiny-oil ignition device based on double-air-regulation cyclone burner
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a coal fired boiler technical field specifically is a little oil ignition of oxygen boosting based on two accent wind cyclone combustors.
Background
At present, the power station boiler in China, the oil-less ignition technology and the plasma ignition technology are widely applied, the two technologies are mostly applied to boilers burning brown coal and bituminous coal, the effect is not very good when low-volatile coal which is difficult to ignite and burn off is burned, and particularly, the problems of poor combustion stability, low initial pulverized coal burn-off rate and the like exist in a coal-fired boiler burning lean coal. During the ignition process of the boiler, a large amount of unburned coal dust particles can be polluted on a tail flue, and when the temperature rises, secondary combustion of the coal dust particles possibly occurs, so that equipment is damaged, and potential safety hazards in operation are large. Because the reserves of low-volatile coal such as low-volatile lean coal and anthracite are abundant and account for more than 25% of the total coal consumption in the power industry, it is necessary to develop an oil-saving ignition technology of an ignition burner on a coal-fired boiler adopting a hedging combustion mode aiming at the low-volatile coal.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
To the problem that exists among the prior art, the utility model provides a little oil ignition of oxygen boosting based on two accent wind cyclone combustors can effectively improve boiler low-load peak regulation ability, and combustor reasonable in design, simple structure, the combustion rate is higher, and the volume of economizing on fuel is showing, and equipment is reliable, is applicable to the hedging combustion mode coal fired boiler who fires with lean coal.
The utility model discloses a realize through following technical scheme:
an oxygen-enriched tiny-oil ignition device based on a double-air-regulation cyclone burner comprises a primary oil gun, a primary air channel, an inner secondary air channel and an outer secondary air channel which are sequentially arranged outside the primary air channel, and a two-stage coal powder shade separation device and a multi-stage combustion chamber which are sequentially arranged in the primary air channel;
the multi-stage combustion chamber comprises a primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber, a tertiary combustion chamber and a grading oxygen lance which are sequentially arranged along the airflow direction of the primary air pulverized coal; the grading oxygen lance comprises a first-stage oxygen lance and a second-stage oxygen lance which are respectively communicated with the first-stage combustion chamber and the second-stage combustion chamber;
the two-stage coal powder shade separation device comprises a first-stage coal powder shade separation device and a second-stage coal powder shade separation device; the primary coal powder concentration and dilution separation device is arranged on the inner wall of the primary air channel; the second-stage coal powder concentration and dilution separation device is arranged between the first-stage coal powder concentration and dilution separation device and the inlet of the first-stage combustion chamber;
the primary oil gun is arranged in parallel to the primary air pulverized coal airflow direction, and the nozzle end of the primary oil gun penetrates through the primary air channel and extends into the primary combustion chamber.
Furthermore, the grading oxygen lance also comprises a third-stage oxygen lance which is positioned at the outlet of the inner secondary air channel.
Furthermore, the injection directions of the first-stage oxygen lance and the second-stage oxygen lance are both vertical to the primary air pulverized coal airflow direction.
Furthermore, the primary oxygen lance and the secondary oxygen lance both inject primary air coal dust airflow at multiple points.
Furthermore, air outlets of the inner secondary air channel and the outer secondary air channel are respectively provided with an air adjusting device for adjusting air quantity and rotational flow strength.
Furthermore, the second-stage coal powder concentration and dilution separation device is parallel to the first-stage coal powder concentration and dilution separation device, and the diameter of the second-stage coal powder concentration and dilution separation device is smaller than the minimum diameter of the first-stage coal powder concentration and dilution separation device and larger than the minimum diameter of the first-stage combustion chamber.
Furthermore, the secondary pulverized coal concentration and dilution separation device is arranged in an annular shape, and the outer ring is fixed in the primary air duct through radial fixing ribs.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following profitable technological effect has:
the utility model discloses a get into two accent wind cyclone burners at a wind buggy air current by the entry elbow, through setting up multistage combustion chamber and doublestage buggy shade separator, cooperate hierarchical oxygen rifle simultaneously, make the concentrated phase primary wind buggy of separating in the one-level combustion chamber under the effect of fuel and oxygen boosting be lighted the release heat rapidly, form high temperature flue gas and get into second grade combustion chamber and tertiary combustion chamber and light the dilute phase buggy air current of flowing through, utilize the oxygen boosting that hierarchical oxygen rifle provided to strengthen the buggy burning, the primary wind buggy burning rate and the burn-up rate have greatly been improved, the combustor ignition performance and the combustion stability have been improved, the coal type adaptability is stronger, can effectively light low volatility coal type; meanwhile, in the low-load operation stage of the boiler, oxygen injected by the three-level oxygen lance in the inner secondary air channel can be used for providing an oxygen-enriched atmosphere, so that primary air pulverized coal airflow is quickly ignited and burnt out, heat is released to heat smoke, the temperature in a hearth is increased, the stable combustion capability of the boiler under extremely low load can be improved, and the peak regulation capability of the boiler under low load is also enhanced.
The utility model discloses a set up tertiary oxygen rifle, make tertiary oxygen rifle spout into oxygen can form the oxygen boosting atmosphere near a wind spout export, the buggy firing temperature reduces in the oxygen boosting atmosphere, burn-off rate and combustion rate improve, and ensure that the buggy air current who spouts into furnace can be lighted and burn off fast, effective release heat heating flue gas, thereby improve the temperature in the furnace, the denitration entry flue gas temperature has also been improved when improving the steady burning ability of boiler under extremely low load, effectively improve the flexibility that the boiler was transferred the peak.
The utility model discloses including the air outlet department of overgrate air passageway and outer overgrate air passageway sets up adjustable air adjusting device respectively, can realize the independent regulation of inside and outside overgrate air through this kind of two air adjusting device, great widening the coal type adaptability of boiler.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a primary air channel 1, a primary coal powder concentration and dilution separation device 2, a secondary coal powder concentration and dilution separation device 3, a primary combustion chamber 4, a primary oil gun 5, a primary oxygen gun 6, a secondary combustion chamber 7, a secondary oxygen gun 8, a tertiary combustion chamber 9, an inner secondary air channel 10, an outer secondary air channel 11 and a tertiary oxygen gun 12.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
In order to further explain the technical solutions and functions of the present invention, the following detailed description of the embodiments, structures, features, and functions of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The utility model relates to an oxygen boosting tiny-oil ignition device based on two accent wind cyclone combustors, the structure is shown in figure 1, can be applied to the situation that the coal fired boiler of hedging combustion mode burns and uses the low volatile coal, realize oxygen boosting tiny-oil ignition and stable combustion, improve the low-load peak regulation ability of boiler;
the structure of the device comprises a primary air channel 1 (comprising a two-stage coal powder concentration and separation device, a primary combustion chamber 4, a secondary combustion chamber 7 and a tertiary combustion chamber 9), an inner secondary air channel 10 and an outer secondary air channel 11;
the device comprises a primary air channel 1, a primary coal powder concentration and dilution separation device 2 and a secondary coal powder concentration and dilution separation device 3 which are arranged in the primary air channel 1, a primary combustion chamber 4 arranged in the primary air channel 1, a primary oil gun 5 arranged in the primary combustion chamber 4, a primary oxygen gun 6 arranged in the primary combustion chamber 4, a secondary combustion chamber 7 arranged in the primary air channel 1, a secondary oxygen gun 8 arranged in the secondary combustion chamber 7, a tertiary combustion chamber 9 arranged in the primary air channel 1, an inner secondary air channel 10 and an outer secondary air channel 11 which are sequentially arranged outside the primary air channel 1, and a tertiary oxygen gun 12 arranged in the inner secondary air channel 10;
after primary air pulverized coal passes through a two-stage concentration and separation device of a first-stage pulverized coal concentration and separation device 2 and a second-stage pulverized coal concentration and separation device 3, middle concentrated-phase pulverized coal airflow enters a first-stage combustion chamber 4 to be ignited, and peripheral dilute-phase pulverized coal airflow passes through the outer part of the first-stage combustion chamber 4 and then enters a second-stage combustion chamber 7 and a third-stage combustion chamber 9 to be ignited;
a primary oil gun 5 and a primary oxygen gun 6 are respectively arranged in the primary combustion chamber 4, wherein the primary oil gun 5 is arranged along the direction of the pulverized coal airflow, and the primary oxygen gun 6 is incident at multiple points and mixed with the pulverized coal airflow;
a secondary oxygen lance 8 is arranged in the secondary combustion chamber 7, and the secondary oxygen lance 8 is incident at multiple points and mixed with coal dust airflow;
air outlets of the inner secondary air channel 10 and the outer secondary air channel 11 are respectively provided with an air adjusting device capable of adjusting the air volume opening and the rotational flow strength.
The working principle of the utility model is as follows:
the primary air coal dust airflow flows through the primary coal dust concentration separation device 2 and the secondary coal dust concentration separation device 3 to form an airflow form with thick middle and thin periphery, the dense-phase coal dust directly enters the primary combustion chamber 4, the dilute-phase coal dust directly enters the secondary combustion chamber 7 and the tertiary combustion chamber 9 without flowing through the primary combustion chamber 4, the coal dust concentration in the primary air is improved, and the ignition temperature of the coal dust can be reduced. The utility model discloses the little oily type of oxygen boosting that uses two accent wind ignition combustors arranges one-level oil gun 5, and the flue gas in one-level combustion chamber 4 can be heated in the fuel combustion that one-level oil gun 5 spouts, and the dense phase buggy of one-level combustion chamber 4 of flowing through is lighted and gets into second grade combustion chamber 7, provides the heat source of igniting for the dilute phase buggy to realize thermal enlargeing step by step. When the coal powder is easy to ignite and burn out, only the first-level oil gun 5 is needed.
The initial combustion stage of the coal dust is a key stage of coal dust combustion, and at the moment, the ignition temperature of the coal dust can be reduced by improving the oxygen concentration of combustion-supporting gas, and the burnout rate and the combustion rate of the coal dust are improved. In the ignition stage of the boiler, the primary oxygen lance 6 and the secondary oxygen lance 8 inject pure oxygen into the initial combustion stage of the concentrated coal powder and the dilute-phase coal powder respectively, so that most of the coal powder can be ignited and rapidly combusted to release heat. In the low-load operation stage of the boiler, the first-stage oil lance 5, the first-stage oxygen lance 6 and the second-stage oxygen lance 8 are withdrawn from operation, the initial combustion stage of the pulverized coal is positioned near the primary air nozzle, and the oxygen injected by the third-stage oxygen lance 12 can provide the required oxygen-enriched atmosphere for the combustion of the pulverized coal.
In practical application, adopt the utility model discloses the step of igniteing includes as follows:
when the boiler is ignited, fuel oil is sprayed into the primary combustion chamber 4 through the primary oil gun 5, and is ignited by electric arc generated by the electronic ignition gun, so that heat is released, and high-temperature flue gas is provided for ignition of pulverized coal; pure oxygen is sprayed into the first-stage combustion chamber 4 and the second-stage combustion chamber 7 through the first-stage oxygen lance 6 and the second-stage oxygen lance 8;
the primary air pulverized coal gas flows through a two-stage concentration and separation device in the primary air pipeline 1, and the primary air pulverized coal gas flow forms a concentrated phase pulverized coal gas flow with high central concentration and a dilute phase pulverized coal gas flow with low peripheral concentration; the concentrated phase coal dust airflow with high concentration flows through the primary combustion chamber 4 and is ignited by high-temperature smoke formed by fuel oil injected by the primary oil gun 5 to complete the initial stage of coal dust combustion; the pure oxygen sprayed by the first-stage oxygen lance 6 can reduce the ignition temperature of the dense-phase coal dust and improve the burnout rate and the burning rate of the coal dust, a large amount of dense-phase coal dust is quickly ignited to release heat, first-stage high-temperature flue gas is formed and enters the second-stage combustion chamber 7 to heat and ignite dilute-phase coal dust airflow with lower concentration flowing through the second-stage combustion chamber 7, the oxygen sprayed by the second-stage oxygen lance 8 strengthens the burning of the dilute-phase coal dust airflow, the ignition temperature of the dilute-phase coal dust is reduced, the burnout rate and the burning rate of the coal dust are improved, second-stage high-temperature flue gas is formed and enters the third-stage combustion chamber 9 to heat and ignite the dilute-phase coal dust airflow flowing through the third-stage combustion chamber 9 to further form high-temperature flue gas.
The stable combustion method comprises the following steps:
when the boiler coal fire detection signal is weakened to a set threshold value, oxygen sprayed by the three-level oxygen lance 12 forms an oxygen-enriched atmosphere near the primary air nozzle, the ignition temperature of the coal powder in the oxygen-enriched atmosphere is reduced, the burn-out rate and the combustion rate are improved, so that the coal powder airflow sprayed into the hearth can be ignited and burned out, heat is released to heat flue gas, the temperature in the hearth is improved, and the stable combustion capacity of the boiler under extremely low load is improved.
When the temperature of the hearth is low in the low-load operation stage of the boiler, pulverized coal airflow cannot be effectively ignited after entering the hearth, when a coal fire detection signal of the boiler is weakened to a set threshold value, the primary oil gun 5, the primary oxygen gun 6 and the secondary oxygen gun 8 are all withdrawn from operation, the initial combustion stage of pulverized coal is positioned near the primary air nozzle, and oxygen injected by the tertiary oxygen gun 12 provides a required oxygen-enriched atmosphere for pulverized coal combustion; at the moment, oxygen sprayed by the three-stage oxygen lance 12 can form an oxygen-enriched atmosphere near the primary air nozzle, the ignition temperature of the pulverized coal in the oxygen-enriched atmosphere is reduced, the burnout rate and the burning rate are improved, the pulverized coal airflow sprayed into the hearth can be ignited and quickly burnt out, heat is released to heat the flue gas, the temperature in the hearth is improved, the stable burning capacity of the boiler under extremely low load is improved, and meanwhile the flue gas temperature at a denitration inlet is also improved.

Claims (7)

1. An oxygen-enriched tiny-oil ignition device based on a double-air-regulation cyclone burner is characterized by comprising a primary oil gun (5), a primary air channel (1), an inner secondary air channel (10) and an outer secondary air channel (11) which are sequentially arranged outside the primary air channel (1), and a two-stage coal powder concentration and dilution separation device and a multi-stage combustion chamber which are sequentially arranged in the primary air channel (1);
the multi-stage combustion chamber comprises a first-stage combustion chamber (4), a second-stage combustion chamber (7), a third-stage combustion chamber (9) and a grading oxygen lance which are sequentially arranged along the primary air pulverized coal airflow direction; the grading oxygen lance comprises a first-stage oxygen lance (6) and a second-stage oxygen lance (8) which are respectively communicated with the first-stage combustion chamber (4) and the second-stage combustion chamber (7);
the two-stage coal powder shade separation device comprises a first-stage coal powder shade separation device (2) and a second-stage coal powder shade separation device (3); the primary coal powder concentration and dilution separation device (2) is arranged on the inner wall of the primary air channel (1); the secondary coal powder concentration and dilution separation device (3) is arranged between the primary coal powder concentration and dilution separation device (2) and the inlet of the primary combustion chamber (4);
the primary oil gun (5) is arranged in parallel to the primary air pulverized coal airflow direction, and the nozzle end of the primary oil gun penetrates through the primary air channel (1) and extends into the primary combustion chamber (4).
2. An oxygen-enriched tiny-oil ignition device based on a double-adjusting-wind cyclone burner as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the staged oxygen lance further comprises a three-stage oxygen lance (12) which is positioned at the outlet of the inner secondary air channel (10).
3. The oxygen-enriched tiny-oil ignition device based on the double-air-regulation cyclone burner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the injection directions of the primary oxygen lance (6) and the secondary oxygen lance (8) are both perpendicular to the primary air pulverized coal flow direction.
4. The oxygen-enriched tiny-oil ignition device based on the double-air-regulation cyclone burner as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the primary oxygen lance (6) and the secondary oxygen lance (8) are both multi-point incident to primary air pulverized coal airflow.
5. The oxygen-enriched tiny-oil ignition device based on the double-air-regulation cyclone burner as claimed in claim 1, wherein air-regulation devices are respectively arranged at the air outlets of the inner secondary air channel (10) and the outer secondary air channel (11) for regulating the air volume and the cyclone strength.
6. The oxygen-enriched tiny-oil ignition device based on the double-air-regulation cyclone burner is characterized in that the secondary coal powder concentration and dilution separation device (3) is parallel to the primary coal powder concentration and dilution separation device (2), and the diameter of the secondary coal powder concentration and dilution separation device is smaller than the minimum diameter of the primary coal powder concentration and dilution separation device (2) and larger than the minimum diameter of the primary combustion chamber (4).
7. The oxygen-enriched tiny-oil ignition device based on the double-air-regulation cyclone burner is characterized in that the secondary pulverized coal concentration and dilution separation device (3) is arranged annularly, and the outer ring is fixed in the primary air channel through a radial fixing rib.
CN202021106646.5U 2020-06-15 2020-06-15 Oxygen-enriched tiny-oil ignition device based on double-air-regulation cyclone burner Active CN212390405U (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111594871A (en) * 2020-06-15 2020-08-28 西安西热锅炉环保工程有限公司 Oxygen-enriched tiny-oil ignition device and method based on double-air-regulation cyclone burner
CN112902183A (en) * 2021-02-07 2021-06-04 哈尔滨工业大学 Device for burning out solid waste by mixing high-concentration oxygen and pulverized coal
CN112902184A (en) * 2021-02-07 2021-06-04 哈尔滨工业大学 Device for increasing solid waste burnout by adopting local oxygen-enriched combustion method in combustion chamber

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111594871A (en) * 2020-06-15 2020-08-28 西安西热锅炉环保工程有限公司 Oxygen-enriched tiny-oil ignition device and method based on double-air-regulation cyclone burner
CN112902183A (en) * 2021-02-07 2021-06-04 哈尔滨工业大学 Device for burning out solid waste by mixing high-concentration oxygen and pulverized coal
CN112902184A (en) * 2021-02-07 2021-06-04 哈尔滨工业大学 Device for increasing solid waste burnout by adopting local oxygen-enriched combustion method in combustion chamber

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